APPENDIX CATALOG OF POTENTIAL EXPENSES AND ESTIMATED COSTS 2018 Update Catalog of Potential Expenses and Estimated Costs Table of Contents I. ABOUT THIS CATALOG .................................................................................................... - 2 - II. BROADCAST COSTS ......................................................................................................... - 3 - A. TRANSMITTERS AND IN-BUILDING EXPENSES .......................................... - 3 - 1. Retune Existing Transmitter ............................................................................... - 3 - 2. New Transmitters ................................................................................................. - 4 - 3. Other Transmitter Expenses ............................................................................... - 6 - B. ANTENNAS .............................................................................................................. - 7 - C. TRANSMISSION LINES ........................................................................................ - 9 - D. TOWER EQUIPMENT AND RIGGING ............................................................ - 10 - E. INTERIM FACILITIES ........................................................................................ - 11 - F. SPECIAL CASES ................................................................................................... - 12 - 1. Channel 14 .......................................................................................................... - 12 - 2. Distributed Transmission Services (DTS) ........................................................ - 12 - 3. AM Pattern Disturbance ................................................................................... - 12 - G. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES ......................................................................... - 13 - 1. DTV Medical Facility Notification ................................................................... - 13 - 2. Other ................................................................................................................... - 13 - H. PROFESSIONAL SERVICES .............................................................................. - 14 - III. MVPD COSTS ................................................................................................................... - 16 - IV. FIGURES ........................................................................................................................... - 17 - 1 Catalog of Potential Expenses and Estimated Costs I. ABOUT THIS CATALOG This catalog of expenses (Catalog) contains descriptions of the expenses that broadcasters and MVPDs are most likely to incur as a result of broadcaster repacking. While we believe the Catalog is relatively comprehensive, it does not cover every expense, for every situation, nor is it an exhaustive list of all expenses that may potentially qualify for reimbursement. Widelity, Inc. (Widelity) developed the original Catalog in 2013 for the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) as part of the Widelity Report, which was published for comment in 2014 (DA/FCC: DA-14-389). As part of the ongoing Broadcast Television Incentive Auction, the FCC engaged Widelity to update the Catalog to reflect the current pricing for the equipment and services that repacked broadcasters may need to purchase to facilitate the moves to their new channel assignments, and the current pricing for equipment and services that MVPDs may need to purchase to continue to carry broadcasters. Widelity first developed the information contained in this Catalog based on its research and interviews with industry stakeholders, conducted in 2013, and later updated in August of 2016, pursuant to its contract with the FCC. The categories and costs contained in the Catalog are intended to serve as a reference guide, and are not intended to identify the particular expenses for which individual broadcasters or MVPDs would be eligible for reimbursement. Individual broadcasters and/or MVPDs will incur only some of the expenses listed in the Catalog, depending upon the broadcaster s or MVPD s existing equipment and the particular transition changes that the entity must make. Some of the expenses will apply only in limited situations, such as, for example, broadcasters operating on a shared antenna or those that require additional power to support an interim transmitter. Supply and demand constraints may have an impact on future costs. - 2 - Catalog of Potential Expenses and Estimated Costs II. BROADCAST COSTS A. TRANSMITTERS AND IN-BUILDING EXPENSES 1. Retuning Existing Transmitters Depending on a broadcaster s new channel assignment, it may be able to retune its existing transmitter to transmit on the new channel rather than replace it. Transmitters can be retuned only to channels within the same band (e.g., UHF transmitters can only be retuned to channels within the UHF band). See Widelity Report pp. 17-18 regarding banding issues. Whether retuning is feasible depends on a number of factors, including the type of transmitter, the range of channels (sub-band) for which it and its component parts are designed, and whether replacement parts and manufacturer support are available. In some cases, replacement may be the preferred option if the cost of retuning exceeds the cost of a new transmitter. The transmitter output mask filter is channel-specific and must be replaced to accommodate any channel change. Our discussions indicate that there are a number of potential issues with Inductive Output Tube (IOT) transmitter retuning, including: " IOT tubes that have been in service for an extended period may not  come back up on the new channel once they have been powered down necessitating replacements that cannot be predicted before starting the retuning process. " The lead time for delivery of new IOT tubes can be as long as 6 to 9 months. " The skill set to retune IOT transmitters is no longer broadly available. This will cause resource constraints as stations consider retuning their existing IOT transmitters. " Manufacturer support and certain parts necessary for retuning existing IOT transmitters may no longer be available. Range of Estimated Costs (in dollars) UHF  Inductive Output Tube (IOT) Transmitter (Price would include banded drivers, RF system, and labor. The price does not include the cost of IOT tubes, finger stock and/or tube trolleys. Cost varies by manufacturer.) One IOT system (30kW) 118,000 - 231,500 Two IOT systems (60 kW) 148,500 - 347,000 Three IOT systems (90 kW) 164,000 - 463,000 IOT replacement tube with accessories (price per tube) 77,000 - 124,000 - 3 - Catalog of Potential Expenses and Estimated Costs Solid State Transmitter Prices based on specific channel move and would include field engineering and parts to retune the RF system but would not include the cost of a new mask filter, which is a separate line item below. Costs vary widely by manufacturer and power level. Retuning solid state transmitters is usually only feasible if the banding issues are minor. Stations that use solid state transmitters that have major banding issues will likely need a replacement solid state transmitter. UHF and VHF  minor banding issues 10,200 - 102,400 New Mask Filter  A new mask filter is required for any channel change 1.5 kW mask filter 2,950 3 kW mask filter 4,045 7 kW mask filter 6,040 10 kW mask filter 8,090 30 kW mask filter 31,750 60 kW mask filter 87,000 90 kW mask filter 97,300 New Exciter  In a few cases, a station may need to purchase a new exciter if the existing exciter cannot be retuned. Single frequency agile exciter 20,500 Dual exciter system with change over 46,100 2. New Transmitters If retuning is not possible or if the cost of retuning exceeds the cost of replacement, a new transmitter may be required. The price of a new transmitter includes installation, mask filter, and proof of performance testing. Range of Estimated Costs (in dollars) UHF  IOT Transmitter One IOT system (30 kW) 486,000 - 562,000 Two IOT systems (60 kW) 855,000 - 929,000 Three IOT systems (90 kW) 1,306,000 - 1,377,000 UHF  Air Cooled Solid State Transmitter 1  2.5 kW 41,000 - 123,000 - 4 - Catalog of Potential Expenses and Estimated Costs 4 - 6 kW 161,000 - 230,500 10  12 kW 251,000 - 327,500 15 kW 402,000 20 kW 568,000 UHF  Liquid Cooled Solid State Transmitter 4.9  6.5 kW 230,500 - 266,000 8.2 - 13 kW 276,500 - 481,500 14.2 - 20 kW 507,000 - 666,000 21 - 31 kW 691,000 - 922,000 35 - 50 kW 1,024,000 - 1,434,000 52 - 61 kW 1,587,000 - 1,741,000 68.5 - 75 kW 1,792,000 - 1,946,000 86.8  106 kW 2,150,000 - 2,560,000 High VHF  Air Cooled Solid State Transmitter 1.1  4.4 kW 48,000 - 148,500 6.5  12.5 kW 179,000 - 322,500 16.6  20.7 kW 409,500 - 512,000 24.5 kW 666,000 High VHF  Liquid Cooled Solid State Transmitter 3.3  6.5 kW 138,000 - 242,500 8.5  12.5 kW 298,000 - 435,500 16.6  20.7 kW 553,000 - 691,000 24.5  31.6 kW 899,000 - 973,000 48.0 kW 1,382,000 62.0 kW 1,741,000 - 5 - Catalog of Potential Expenses and Estimated Costs 3. Other Transmitter Expenses In limited situations, these expenses may apply in addition to those listed in Sections II.A.1 or II.A.2, above. Range of Estimated Costs (in dollars) Combiners for Shared (Broadband Panel) Antenna (UHF/VHF) New combiner, cost per channel (without antenna) 51,200 - 81,900 Adding a module to existing combiner (without antenna) 51,200 - 81,900 Combiner output splitting/switching for dual feed lines, if applicable 123,000 Electrical Service  A station installing replacement transmitter equipment may have to increase the power supply to the transmitter or perform other electrical work (prices include labor and installation). Service entrance 3 phase/800 amp/208 volt 14,050 Switchgear  industrial 800 amp 37,150 Transformer 3 phase/480v  150 KVA 24,900 Transformer 3 phase/480v  300 KVA 35,850 Transformer 3 phase/480v  500 KVA 47,100 2 Rigid Conduit and Wiring (Cost per foot) 26 3 Rigid Conduit and Wiring (Cost per foot) 50 4 Rigid Conduit and Wiring (Cost per foot) 98 HVAC Service  Cooling only  A station installing replacement transmitter equipment may need additional cooling capability (prices include labor and installation). 5 Ton system 19,700 10 Ton system 37,900 15 Ton system 54,300 25 Ton system 89,100 50 Ton system 168,000 HVAC Service  Heating and Cooling  A station installing replacement transmitter equipment may need additional air-handling capacity that includes both heating and cooling capability (prices include labor and installation). 10 Ton system 58,900 15 Ton system 86,000 - 6 - Catalog of Potential Expenses and Estimated Costs 20 Ton system 112,500 30 Ton system 162,000 50 Ton system 259,000 Transmitter Building Addition  In limited situations, expansion of the transmitter building may be required to accommodate new equipment. Approx. 600-1500 square foot addition (costs vary with location, site access, and construction type) Variable B. ANTENNAS Most stations moving to a new channel will require new antennas. The price of an antenna does not include installation or removal of existing antennas (for those expenses, see Section II.D, Tower Equipment and Rigging). In some cases, new transmission lines will also be required (for those expenses, see Section II.C, Transmission Lines). Range of Estimated Costs (in dollars) UHF  High Power Top Mount (200-1000 kW) One station antenna, horizontally polarized 153,500 - 240,500 One station antenna, elliptically or circularly polarized 184,500 - 281,500 Two station broadband panel antenna, horizontally polarized 246,000 - 532,000 Two station broadband panel antenna, elliptically or circularly polarized 333,000 - 748,000 Four station broadband panel antenna, horizontally polarized 292,000 - 758,000 Four station broadband panel antenna, elliptically or circularly polarized 541,000 - 1,061,000 UHF  Lower Power Side Mount One station  200-500 kW, horizontally polarized 128,000 - 184,500 One station  200-500 kW, elliptically or circularly polarized 153,500 - 221,000 One station antenna  medium power (50-200 kW), horizontally polarized 51,200 - 87,000 One station antenna  medium power (50-200 kW), elliptically or circularly polarized 57,300 - 100,400 Class A single station antenna  basic 12,300 - 25,600 Class A broadband panel (cost per panel) 845 - 1,230 Class A broadband panel (multiple channel array - example 4 panel complete array) 6,140 - 8,190 UHF  Broadband Slot, Side Mount 8 bay, 5 kW input, directional, horizontally polarized 10,240 8 bay, 20 kW input, directional, horizontally polarized 43,000 - 58,400 8 bay, 20 kW input, directional, elliptically or circularly polarized 84,000 - 7 - Catalog of Potential Expenses and Estimated Costs 16 bay, 8 - 10 kW input, directional, horizontally polarized 20,500 - 36,850 16 bay, 16 kW input, directional, horizontally polarized 44,050 16 bay, 40 kW input, directional, horizontally polarized 65,500 - 126,000 16 bay, 40 kW input, directional, elliptically or circularly polarized 161,000 24 bay, 15 kW input, directional, horizontally polarized 30,700 24 bay, 60 kW input, directional, horizontally polarized 148,500 - 185,500 24 bay, 60 kW input, directional, elliptically or circularly polarized 240,500 32 bay, 16 kW input, directional, horizontally polarized 72,700 32 bay, 32 kW input, directional, horizontally polarized 87,000 32 bay, 60 - 65 kW input, directional, horizontally polarized 123,000 - 205,000 UHF  Broadband Panel, Side Mount Aux/Interim 10 kW input, low gain, horizontally polarized 30,700 - 46,100 45 kW input, low gain, horizontally polarized 102,500 - 138,000 High-VHF One station antenna  top mount, horizontally polarized 256,000 - 333,000 One station antenna  top mount, elliptically or circularly polarized 286,500 - 383,000 One station antenna  side mount, horizontally polarized 63,500 - 184,500 One station antenna  side mount, elliptically or circularly polarized 69,500 - 212,000 Shared broadband panel antenna  5 station, elliptically or circularly polarized 717,000 - 911,000 High-VHF, Low Power Class A basic slot antenna  side mount, horizontally polarized 19,450 - 23,550 Class A basic slot antenna  side mount, elliptically or circularly polarized 23,550 - 27,150 Class A broadband panel (cost per panel) , horizontally polarized 4,095 - 5,120 Class A broadband panel (multiple channel array - example 4 panel complete array), horizontally 16,900 - 20,300 polarized Other Sweep test of transmission line and antenna 4,610 - 6,550 Elbow complex, single channel, at antenna input, per 3-1/8 feedline (if needed) 7,580 Elbow complex, broadband, at antenna input, per 3-1/8 feedline (if needed) 9,090 Elbow complex, single channel, at antenna input, per 4-1/16 feedline (if needed) 9,320 Elbow complex, broadband, at antenna input, per 4-1/16 feedline (if needed) 10,650 - 8 - Catalog of Potential Expenses and Estimated Costs Elbow complex, single channel, at antenna input, per 6-1/8 feedline (if needed) 12,000 Elbow complex, broadband, at antenna input, per 6-1/8 feedline (if needed) 13,300 Elbow complex, single channel, at antenna input, per 7-3/16 feedline (if needed) 13,500 Elbow complex, broadband, at antenna input, per 7-3/16 feedline (if needed) 16,400 Elbow complex, single channel, at antenna input, per 8-3/16 feedline (if needed) 14,850 Elbow complex, broadband, at antenna input, per 8-3/16 feedline (if needed) 18,450 Side mount brackets for high power antennas (if not included in antenna base cost) 7,700 - 22,550 Pattern scatter analysis for side mount high/med power antennas (if not included in antenna base 3,890 - 5,120 cost) Note: For stacked antennas, the cost of the bottom antenna will likely double due to the increased cost of structural components, such as heavier steel and longer structures C. TRANSMISSION LINES In some situations, transmission lines can be reused in the event of a channel change (e.g., if the move is to a non-prohibited channel or if the transmission line is broadband capable). See Fig. 1 below. New transmission lines, if needed for purchase, are generally priced per foot, based on a length of 1,000 feet. The price generally includes elbows and hangers. Range of Estimated Costs (in dollars) Flexible Transmission Line Line Diameter: 7/8 foam dielectric 10 1 5/8 foam dielectric 24 7/8 air dielectric 17 1 5/8 air dielectric 32 3 air dielectric 57 4 air dielectric 72 5 air dielectric 102 Rigid Transmission Line  copper Line Diameter: 3 1/8 79 - 101 4 1/16 101 - 138 - 9 - Catalog of Potential Expenses and Estimated Costs 6 1/8 162 - 197 7 3/16 283 8 3/16 287 - 338 3 1/8 broadband 91 - 117 4 1/16 broadband 117 - 159 6 1/8 broadband 186 - 226 7 3/16 broadband 325 8 3/16 broadband 330 - 388 D. TOWER EQUIPMENT AND RIGGING If replacement or additional antennas are required, it may be necessary to modify the existing tower or to construct a new tower. In addition to these expenses, a broadcaster replacing or adding an antenna would incur rigging costs. Range of Estimated Costs (in dollars) Existing Towers  Towers without sufficient documentation of tower specifications may need to be mapped prior to completion of a tower load study. Tower mapping for an undocumented/poorly documented tower and preparation of documentation necessary for tower load study 16,400 - 25,600 Structural engineering tower load study for documented tower 5,100 - 12,300 Structural engineering tower load study for a documented tower with candelabra 15,350 - 19,450 Minor tower reinforcement/modifications (see Fig. 2 for sample minor modifications) 102,500 - 153,500 Major tower reinforcement/modifications (see Fig. 2 for sample major modifications) 307,000 - 409,500 Serious tower reinforcement/modifications (see Fig. 2 for sample serious modifications) 512,000 - 1,024,000 New Towers  Cost includes constructing a new tower, priced per foot. New tower between 1000 and 1500 without elevator, presumptive soil conditions 2,560 New tower between 1500 and 2000 without elevator, presumptive soil conditions 3,070 Note: Costs may be higher for tower sites with difficult soil or other site conditions and for towers with an elevator. Costs may be lower for towers under 1,000 feet - 10 - Catalog of Potential Expenses and Estimated Costs Tower Rigging  Costs include fees paid to expert tower crews for equipment removal and installation, such as removing an existing antenna and installing a replacement antenna, and removing an existing transmission line and installing a replacement transmission line. Tall Tower (greater than 500 ) 102,500 - 205,000 Short Tower (less than 500 ) 61,400 - 81,900 Complex Tower (includes, e.g., towers with candelabras and/or stacked antennas) 102,500 - 409,500 Helicopter Lift (e.g., for a rooftop tower, complex tower, tall structure, or terrain constrained location requiring helicopter lift) Variable E. INTERIM FACILITIES Stations may need to use interim facilities in order to avoid prolonged off-air periods during the repacking or to enable stations to meet their construction deadlines. Some stations currently either have a licensed auxiliary facility or own backup equipment that they can repurpose for this use post-auction, while others may need to purchase or rent equipment or facilities. Range of Estimated Costs (in dollars) Transmitter Stations may need additional transmitters for interim use on either their pre- or post-auction channels to permit continued operation during construction of their post-auction facilities. Existing auxiliary or backup transmitters may require retuning or replacement. Transmitter retuning and replacement costs are listed above. Antenna Interim antenna rental and installation  Costs will depend on antenna size and height and/or 36,000 - 112,500 complexity of the tower. For purchase of interim antennas and/or replacement of existing auxiliary antennas, see Section II.B. Transmission Line For additional transmission line, see Section II.C. Tower Equipment and Rigging Costs will be similar to those described in Section II.D, Tower Equipment and Rigging, above. Interior RF Systems  A station that needs an additional transmitter for interim use may need an additional interior RF system. UHF inside RF system including switching 143,500 VHF inside RF system including switching 76,800 - 11 - Catalog of Potential Expenses and Estimated Costs F. SPECIAL CASES 1. Channel 14 Television broadcasters operating on Channel 14 are required to guard against interference with mobile use on frequencies 467-470 MHz. (See 47 CFR § 73.687(e)) Range of Estimated Costs (in dollars) RF Consulting Engineer (to determine correct mask filter to avoid interference) 5,120 Channel 14 Mask Filter 184,500 Additional field engineering time, 10-30 days (to test for interference after mask filter is installed) 20,500 - 61,400 2. Distributed Transmission Services (DTS) Television stations operating DTS systems will incur engineering costs related to each DTS site (instead of, and not in addition to, the RF consulting engineer category in Section II.H, Professional Services, below). Range of Estimated Costs (in dollars) RF Consulting Engineer (priced per DTS site) Critical Facility:  Critical refers to operations that have signal overlap between adjacent DTS sites that are not terrain-shielded; such facilities will require exact power levels, signal synchronization, and 2,050 - 8,190 antenna directional and elevation patterns to minimize interference between sites. Terrain-Shielded Facility:  Terrain-shielded refers to operations that serve regions that are terrain 1,025 - 2,560 blocked from each other, resulting in less interference as compared to critical facilities. 3. AM Pattern Disturbance Stations constructing or making significant modifications to an antenna tower in the immediate vicinity of an AM radio station are required to analyze whether such construction or modification would result in disturbance to the AM station s radiation pattern. If it would, the television station is required to notify the AM station of the disturbance and take measures to correct it. (See 47 CFR § 1.30000 et seq.) Range of Estimated Costs (in dollars) Impact study: to assess the potential impact of tower construction or modification on AM radio stations. 2,560 - 7,680 - 12 - Catalog of Potential Expenses and Estimated Costs Remedy: price includes installing the detuning apparatus or adjusting the existing detuning apparatus as necessary to restore proper operation of the directional or non-directional AM antenna, including before 5,100 - 20,500 and after field measurements. G. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES 1. DTV Medical Facility Notification DTV broadcasters are required to notify nearby medical facilities of DTV channel changes pursuant to a condition in their construction permit. Range of Estimated Costs (in dollars) Medical Facility Notification 2,050 - 11,250 2. Other Range of Estimated Costs (in dollars) Obtain building permits from local zoning authorities (cost of preparation, submission, and prosecution variable of necessary forms or applications) Obtain local permits other than for zoning (cost of preparation, submission, and prosecution of variable necessary forms or applications) Coordinate with Bureau of Land Management and National Forest Service (this may be necessary for towers located on land managed by these agencies and would include the cost of preparing and variable submitting the relevant forms) Disposal Cost (for equipment and other waste, if applicable) variable Equipment Delivery and Handling Charges variable Equipment Storage variable Develop and Air Announcements of Upcoming Channel Change variable Notification to MVPDs of channel change variable Other Miscellaneous expenses variable - 13 - Catalog of Potential Expenses and Estimated Costs H. PROFESSIONAL SERVICES Stations without sufficient internal resources, either at the station itself or at an affiliated station or company, may have to obtain professional services from an outside source to complete the station s channel relocation. Range of Estimated Costs (in dollars) RF Consulting Engineer Fees Perform engineering study for new channel assignment and antenna development 2,050 - 7,170 Prepare engineering section of FCC Form 2100, Construction Permit Application 1,025 - 3,070 Prepare engineering section of FCC Form 2100, License to Cover Application 510 - 1,535 Prepare engineering section of FCC Form 2100, Construction Permit Application for an Auxiliary 510 - 2,050 Antenna Prepare engineering section of FCC Form 2100, License to Cover Application for an Auxiliary Antenna 510 - 1,535 Prepare request for Special Temporary Authorization 1,025 - 1,535 Attorney Fees Prepare and File FCC Form 2100, Construction Permit Application 770 - 5,120 Prepare and File FCC Form 2100, License to Cover Application 770 - 2,305 Prepare and File request for Special Temporary Authorization 770 - 3,585 Prepare and File FCC Form 2100, Construction Permit or License Application for an Auxiliary Antenna 510 - 2,050 Negotiation of Lease and other matters for Shared Locations 2,255 - 4,095 FCC Filing Fees (adjusted biennially) FCC Form 2100, license to cover application 333 Special Temporary Authorization request 195 Other Transition-Related Professional Service Costs Project management of the transition, if needed (cost per hour) 51 - 154 Prepare and/or review reimbursement form 770 - 2,560 Address transition timing and coordination issues with other stations and wireless 920 - 2,560 Field Engineering Fees Comprehensive coverage verification via field study, if needed 20,500 - 81,900 - 14 - Catalog of Potential Expenses and Estimated Costs RF Exposure Measurements (for sites where post-construction measurements have customarily been 3,050 - 20,500 required or conducted) Change in Structure Height Services: Modification to Antenna Structure Registration (ASR) (costs can be much higher for new towers) NEPA Section 106 environmental review, if needed 3,070 - 6,140 Environmental Assessment, if triggered by NEPA Section 106 review or for certain structures over 450 5,120 - 10,240 feet (cost in addition to NEPA review) ASR modification (prepare FCC Form 854) 510 - 2,050 FAA consultant, including cost of preparing FAA Form 7460 (Notice of Proposed Construction), if 770 - 2,050 needed for height increase - 15 - Catalog of Potential Expenses and Estimated Costs MVPD COSTS MVPDs that receive signals over-the-air may be required to make changes to their receive facilities in order to continue to receive a television station s signal that is changing channels. This table identifies the kinds of changes MVPDs may be required to make in order to continue delivering a repacked broadcaster s signal to its customers after the broadcaster has delivered its signal to the MVPD. Costs in this section will vary based on market size and the type of system utilized. Range of Estimated Costs (in dollars) Equipment Costs New Receive Antenna  Installed. 1,535 - 2,050 Necessitated if existing antenna is channel-specific or uses directivity to minimize interference from other stations. Some UHF and VHF broadband receive antennas should be able to continue receiving stations that are not changing bands. New Receive Antenna  Hi-Gain Quad Antenna, installed 5,120 - 6,140 New Receive Antenna  uninstalled 512 - 1,024 New Receiver or other RF Processing Equipment (such as pre-amplifiers) 305 - 3,585 Coaxial cable  cost per foot (for MVPDs that install new receive antennas and/or receivers) 2 - 3 Structural or Capacity Augments for Towers (to meet new tower loading requirements as a result of Varies by tower construction. installation of replacement equipment) Tower Rigging  two-man crew (price includes removal of existing antenna and transmission line, if 3,070 - 5,630 necessary, and installation of replacement equipment) Professional Services Structural Study of tower capacity (to determine if additional support is necessary for any replacement 1,540 - 5,630 equipment) Engineering Study (to estimate receive strength of new channel assignments, capabilities of current 1,535 - 3,585 equipment, and determine whether and what replacement equipment may be necessary) - 16 - Catalog of Potential Expenses and Estimated Costs III. FIGURES Figure 1: Rigid coaxial line section lengths and the channels not supported. Transmission line connects the transmitter or combiner output to the antenna, running from the equipment building up the tower to the antenna. While lines typically come in lengths of about 20 feet, the exact section length is determined by the station s assigned channel due to VSWR buildup from the repetitive connections between sections. After repacking, the transmission line may have to be replaced depending on whether the new channel is allowable for the existing line section length. This is principally an issue for lines that have been in use to feed a single-station antenna. Transmission line is usually  broadbanded for use with shared antennas by making minor, non- repeating changes to the section lengths, designed for the channels involved. The accompanying charts provide transmission line section lengths, and the channels that are prohibited for each length, based on two guard band intervals. Traditional practice was to utilize a guard band of approximately 3 MHz, while a smaller guard band can be considered for repacked stations to employ existing lines that are in in good condition. For a smaller guard band, stations should consult with the line s manufacturer and/or perform a sweep test of the transmission line to determine whether the line should be replaced for use on a new channel. - 17 - Catalog of Potential Expenses and Estimated Costs Figure 2: Tower Modifications This chart provides representative samples of minor, major, and serious tower modifications. Tower Modifications Minor Major Serious Guy wire retensioning Guy wire replacement 2 to 3 levels Guy wire replacement > 4 levels Tension Diagonal replacement < 12 bays Tension Diagonal replacement > 15 bays Addition of guy levels Horizontal (struts) reinforcing < 12 levels Horizontal (struts) reinforcing > 15 bays New Anchors for new guy levels Leg reinforcing (addition of redundants)< 12 levels Horizontal (struts) replacement > 15 bays Replacement of tower sections Minor foundation reinforcing at anchors Leg reinforcing (addition of redundants) > 15 bays Tension Diagonal replacement > 15 bays Leg reinforcing (requiring welding) Horizontal (struts) reinforcing > 15 bays Tension/Compression Diagonal replacement Horizontal (struts) replacement > 15 bays Tension/Compression Diagonal -requiring welding Leg reinforcing (addition of redundants) > 15 bays Minor foundation reinforcing at base and anchors Leg reinforcing (requiring welding) Tension/Compression Diagonal replacement Tension/Compression Diagonal -requiring welding Foundation reinforcing at base and anchors - 18 -