Federal Communications Commission DA 20-750 Before the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of RADWIN, Ltd. Request for waiver of Section 15.407(a) of the rules for Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure devices in the 5.15-5.25 GHz and 5.725-5.85 GHz bands ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ET Docket No. 20-128 ORDER Adopted: July 16, 2020 Released: July 16, 2020 By the Acting Chief, Office of Engineering and Technology: I. INTRODUCTION 1. By this Order, we grant the request for waiver of Section 15.407(a) of the Commission’s rules filed by RADWIN, Ltd. (RADWIN) that will allow it to modify certain of its certified Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) devices to operate with higher power in the 5.15-5.25 GHz and 5.725-5.850 GHz bands for a period of 60 days. For the reasons discussed below, we find that there is good cause to grant RADWIN’s request for waiver subject to certain conditions. II. BACKGROUND 2. On May 1, 2020, RADWIN filed a request for a waiver of Section 15.407(a) of the Commission’s rules to allow the operation of its JET point-to-multipoint, beamforming fixed wireless base stations in the 5.15-5.25 GHz and 5.725-5.85 GHz bands at power levels that exceed the limit for point-to-multipoint systems. RADWIN, Ltd. Emergency Waiver Request, ET Docket No. 20-128 (filed May 1, 2020) (RADWIN Waiver Request). The devices for which RADWIN requests a waiver are certified under FCC ID: Q3K-BFJET5X. RADWIN states that the waiver will permit its customers to provide better high-speed broadband service to subscribers so that they can stay connected and access essential services during the COVID-19 pandemic. RADWIN Waiver Request at 2. RADWIN identifies the customers (and the state in which they operate) for which the waiver would apply. See RADWIN Waiver Request, Att. 1. 3. Sections 15.407(a)(1)(i) and 15.407(a)(3) of the Commission’s rules permit U-NII devices to operate in the 5.15-5.25 GHz and 5.725-5.85 GHz bands with a maximum conducted power output of one watt (30 dBm) and an antenna gain of up to 6 dBi, i.e., an EIRP limit of 36 dBm. 47 CFR § 15.407(a)(1)(i), (a)(3). If the maximum directional gain of the antenna exceeds 6 dBi, the conducted power output must be reduced by the amount in dB that the antenna gain exceeds 6 dBi, which ensures that the EIRP does not exceed 36 dBm. Id. EIRP levels greater than 36 dBm are permitted for fixed point-to-point systems but not for point-to-multipoint systems. Id. In the 5.15-5.25 GHz band, fixed point-to-point systems may use an antenna with a gain of up to 23 dBi and up to 30 dBm transmitter power, i.e., an EIRP limit of 53 dBm. In the 5.725-5.85 GHz band, fixed point-to-point systems may operate with up to 30 dBm transmitter power and no limit on antenna gain. RADWIN is seeking a waiver to permit the operation of point-to-multipoint systems that use multiple sequential beams, with EIRP up to 48 dBm, i.e., 12 dB above the limit prescribed by the Commission’s rules. RADWIN Waiver Request at 4. In support of its waiver request, RADWIN sets forth the procedures that its customers would undertake to enable higher power operations under a waiver for a period of 60 days, and the procedures to revert the equipment back to the normally permissible power levels after the expiration of a waiver. Id. at 3-5. RADWIN subsequently amended its request for operation in the 5.15-5.25 GHz band to a level of 6 dB above the limit, i.e., an EIRP of 42 dBm, which it states is necessary to ensure that its equipment complies with the undesirable emission limits in Section 15.407(b), and clarified that with the 12 dB increase in power for operation in the 5.725-5.850 GHz band, the equipment would still comply with the undesirable emission limits. Letter from Adi Nativ, RADWIN, to Marlene H. Dortch, Secretary, FCC, ET Docket No. 20-128, at 2 (Jun. 4, 2020) (RADWIN Jun. 4 ex parte). 4. RADWIN also provided additional steps it will take to ensure that its customers reduce devices’ power to the levels permitted by the rules when the waiver period ends. Id. at 1-2. Specifically, RADWIN will obtain the name and contact information for each customer that connects to its servers to download the waiver capabilities. Id. at 1. Each device to which the waiver mode is applied will automatically send its serial number, geographic coordinates and power settings to RADWIN, and RADWIN will compile a list of every customer and every device that operates at higher power. Id. This list will be updated when customers contact RADWIN’s servers to make any changes to device settings while operating under the waiver. RADWIN will send notifications to customers to remind them when the waiver period is ending and will record which customers contact its servers to reduce device power upon expiration of the waiver. Id. As such, RADWIN will have a record of which devices were not reverted back to pre-waiver mode, identified by serial number, customer name, and geographic coordinates. Id. at 1-2. RADWIN will notify customers when they install the power upgrade capability that it will provide the Commission with a list of those that do not timely downgrade after the waiver ends. Id. at 2. 5. In response to the Office of Engineering and Technology’s (OET) request for comment on the RADWIN waiver request, fourteen parties filed comments and RADWIN filed reply comments. Office of Engineering and Technology Seeks Comment on RADWIN Ltd.’s Request for Emergency Waiver of Section 15.407(a) of the Rules for Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure Devices in the 5.15-5.25 GHz and 5.725-5.85 GHz Bands, ET Docket No. 20-128, Public Notice, DA 20-497 (OET May 7, 2020). A number of wireless internet service providers support the waiver request. Big Wave Wireless Comments at 1, PocketiNet Communications Comments at 1, Prairieburg Telephone Comments at 1, Rfwave Comments at 1, Valley Communications Association Comments at 1, Verso Networks Comments at 1. No party objected to the waiver request outright, but several parties, including Globalstar, 5G Automotive Association, NCTA and WiMax Forum support the waiver request so long as it is limited to the requested 60-day time period. Globalstar Comments at 3, 5G Automotive Association Comments at 1-2, NCTA Comments at 2, WiMax Forum Comments at 4. These parties are concerned about the impact on various co-channel and adjacent channel operations, e.g., satellite, Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X), Wi-Fi and the Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communication System (AeroMACS), from longer term operation at the higher power levels RADWIN requests. Id. Globalstar requests that the Commission require RADWIN’s customers to submit reports providing information on the quantity, radio and antenna model numbers, geographic coordinates, and antenna heights of deployed RADWIN point-to-multipoint base stations. Globalstar Comments at 3. III. DISCUSSION 6. We are authorized to grant a waiver under Section 1.3 of the Commission's rules if the petitioner demonstrates good cause for such action. 47 CFR § 1.3. See also ICO Global Communications (Holdings) Limited v. FCC, 428 F.3d 264 (D.C. Cir. 2005); Northeast Cellular Telephone Co. v. FCC, 897 F.2d 1164 (D.C. Cir. 1990); WAIT Radio v. FCC, 418 F.2d 1153 (D.C. Cir. 1969). Good cause, in turn, may be found and a waiver granted “where particular facts would make strict compliance inconsistent with the public interest.” Northeast Cellular, 897 F.2d at 1166; see also ICO Global Communications, 428 F.3d at 269 (quoting Northeast Cellular); WAIT Radio, 418 F.2d at 1157-59. To make this public interest determination, the waiver cannot undermine the purposes of the rule, and there must be a stronger public interest benefit in granting the waiver than in applying the rule. See, e.g., WAIT Radio, 418 F.2d at 1157 (stating that even though the overall objectives of a general rule have been adjudged to be in the public interest, it is possible that application of the rule to a specific case may not serve the public interest if an applicant's proposal does not undermine the public interest policy served by the rule); Northeast Cellular, 897 F.2d at 1166 (stating that in granting a waiver, an agency must explain why deviation from the general rule better serves the public interest than would strict adherence to the rule). 7. We find that granting RADWIN’s requested waiver promises to deliver several benefits to consumers of wireless internet service providers that will allow them to stay connected and access essential services during the ongoing challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic. Higher power will provide improved system performance and increased capacity to enable service to more customers simultaneously. This improved performance and capacity will particularly benefit customers in remote areas by providing better access to important services such as telehealth during the current pandemic. 8. We also conclude that, with appropriate operational and technical restrictions to prevent harmful interference to authorized services, granting RADWIN’s request for waiver does not undermine the purpose of the rules, i.e., to prevent harmful interference to authorized services. As requested by RADWIN, we are limiting this waiver to a period of 60 days, which will serve to limit the potential impact on authorized services in the same and adjacent bands. RADWIN Waiver Request at 3. No party argued that operation of the RADWIN equipment at the higher power levels it requests for a 60-day time period would result in harmful interference to authorized services. Globalstar Comments at 3, 5G Automotive Association Comments at 1-2, NCTA Comments at 2, WiMax Forum Comments at 4. In addition, RADWIN equipment will operate at higher power in only a relatively few locations for this limited time period, which will further serve to keep the potential for interference to authorized services low. 9. We will require that RADWIN maintain a database of the geographic coordinates where their equipment operating at higher power under this waiver is deployed, and that this information be made available to the FCC and NTIA upon request. However, we are not requiring RADWIN to submit detailed information on the quantity, radio and antenna model numbers and antenna heights of their deployed point-to-multipoint base stations as requested by Globalstar. Globalstar Comments at 3. We believe that requiring RADWIN to maintain a database of operating locations under this waiver is a sufficient safeguard to address interference concerns and that requiring the additional information requested by Globalstar would be unnecessarily burdensome and of limited value, particularly in light of the fact that this waiver is limited to a short duration of 60 days. A. Waiver conditions 10. We will impose conditions on the grant of the waiver that are designed to limit the potential for harmful interference from RADWIN’s system, while allowing wireless internet service providers to temporarily operate with higher power to provide improved service. Specifically, we will limit the waiver to 60 days, limit the maximum EIRP of devices to the levels requested by RADWIN, and require that devices continue to comply with the undesirable emission limits at these higher power levels. We will also require RADWIN and its customers to follow the procedures described in RADWIN’s waiver request and June 4, 2020 letter to increase the devices’ EIRP for operation under the waiver, and to reduce the devices’ EIRP when the waiver expires. We will also require RADWIN to provide within 20 days of expiration of the waiver a list of its customers that have not followed the procedures to reinstate the pre-waiver on their devices. 11. Accordingly, pursuant to the delegated authority in Sections 0.31 and 0.241 of the Commission’s rules, we waive the requirements of Sections 15.407(a) of our rules to permit the operation of the RADWIN JET point-to-multipoint system FCC ID: Q3K-BFJET5X. at power levels that exceed the limits in that section. This waiver is subject to the following conditions: 1) Operation at the higher power levels specified herein is permitted for a period of 60 days from the release date of this Order. 2) Operation is limited to a maximum EIRP of 42 dBm in the 5.15-5.25 GHz band and 48 dBm in the 5.725-5.85 GHz band. 3) Devices must continue to comply with the undesirable emission limits in Section 15.407(b). 4) To protect Federal Government operations, operation of RADWIN equipment under this waiver is prohibited within the counties listed in the Appendix. 5) RADWIN must maintain a database of the geographic coordinates where its equipment operating at higher power under this waiver is deployed, and this information must be made available to the FCC and NTIA upon request. 6) Increasing power for any device operating under the waiver must be done in accordance with the procedures described in RADWIN’s waiver request and June 4, 2020 letter. 7) All devices operating under this waiver must have their power reduced to levels permitted by the rules at the end of the waiver period in accordance with the procedures described in RADWIN’s waiver request and June 4, 2020 letter. 8) RADWIN will provide within 20 days of expiration of the waiver a list of its customers that have failed to update their devices to the pre-waiver settings. 9) Operation of RADWIN equipment under this waiver within 50 kilometers of the sites listed in Table 1 below requires prior coordination with the National Science Foundation at esm@nsf.gov. Table 1 Latitude and Longitude of Radio Astronomy Sites RAS Site Latitude (North) Longitude (West) Allen Telescope Array (ATA), Hat Creek, CA 40°49′04″ 121°28′24″ Pisgah Astronomical Research Institute (PARI), Rosman, NC 35°11′59″ 82°52′21″ University of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory, Stinchfield Woods, MI 42°23′56″ 83°56′08″ Arecibo Observatory (AO), PR 18° 20' 37" 66° 45' 11" Green Bank Telescope (GBT), WV 38° 25' 59" 79° 50' 23" Very Large Array (VLA), Socorro, NM 34° 04' 44" 107° 37' 06" Very Long Baseline Array Brewster, WA Very Long Baseline Array Fort Davis, TX Very Long Baseline Array Hancock, NH Very Long Baseline Array Kit Peak, AZ Very Long Baseline Array Los Alamos, NM Very Long Baseline Array Mauna Kea, HI Very Long Baseline Radar North Liberty, IA Very Long Baseline Array Owens Valley, CA Very Long Baseline Array Pie Town, NM Very Long Baseline Array St Croix, VI 48° 07' 52" 30° 38' 06" 42° 56' 01" 31° 57' 23" 35° 46' 30" 19° 48' ° 05" 41° 46' 17" 37° 13' 54" 34° 18' 04" 17° 45' 24" 119° 41' 00" 103° 56' 41" 71° 59' 12" 111° 36' 45" 106° 14' 44" 155° 27' 20" 91° 34' 27" 118° 16' 37" 108° 07' 09" 64° 35' 01" 10) Operation of RADWIN equipment within the geographic zone listed in Table 2 below should not be permitted without prior coordination following the procedures in Section 1.924 of the Commission’s rules. 47 CFR Section 1.924. Table 2 Geographic Zones Latitude and Longitude of Northeast and Southwest Corners NRQZ1 37°30'00"N, 80°30'00"W and 39°15'00"N, 78°30'00"W IV. ORDERING CLAUSES 12. Accordingly, pursuant to authority delegated in Sections 0.31 and 0.241 of the Commission's rules, 47 CFR §§ 0.31, 0.241, and Section 1.3 of the Commission's rules, 47 CFR § 1.3, IT IS ORDERED that the Request for Waiver filed by RADWIN, Ltd. on May 1, 2020 IS GRANTED for a period of 60 days, consistent with the terms of this Order. This action is taken pursuant to Sections 4(i), 302, 303(e), and 303(r) of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, 47 U.S.C. Sections 154(i), 302, 303(e), and 303(r). This action is effective upon release of this Order. 13. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that, if no applications for review are timely filed, this proceeding SHALL BE TERMINATED, and the docket CLOSED. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Ronald T. Repasi Acting Chief, Office of Engineering and Technology 4 Appendix Counties where higher power operation of RADWIN equipment under this waiver is prohibited Table 1 5150-5250 MHz Operation Prohibited Prohibited County State Fairbanks North Star AK Southeast Fairbanks AK Baldwin AL Blount AL Covington AL Cullman AL DeKalb AL Escambia AL Jackson AL Lauderdale AL Lawrence AL Limestone AL Madison AL Marshall AL Morgan AL Winston AL La Paz AZ Yuma AZ Butte CA Colusa CA El Dorado CA Glenn CA Imperial CA Inyo CA Kern CA Nevada CA Placer CA Plumas CA Sacramento CA San Bernardino CA San Luis Obispo CA Sierra CA Sutter CA Tulare CA Yolo CA Yuba CA Columbia FL Escambia FL Hamilton FL Jefferson FL Madison FL Okaloosa FL Santa Rosa FL Suwannee FL Walton FL Atkinson GA Berrien GA Brooks GA Clinch GA Coffee GA Colquitt GA Cook GA Echols GA Irwin GA Lanier GA Lowndes GA Thomas GA Tift GA Ware GA Honolulu HI Calhoun IL Greene IL Jersey IL Macoupin IL Madison IL Monroe IL Pike IL St. Clair IL Essex MA Middlesex MA Plymouth MA Suffolk MA Worcester MA Anne Arundel MD Calvert MD Caroline MD Carroll MD Charles MD Dorchester MD Frederick MD Prince George's MD Somerset MD St. Mary's MD Talbot MD Washington MD Wicomico MD Worcester MD Franklin MO Jefferson MO Lincoln MO Pike MO St. Charles MO St. Louis MO Warren MO Carter MT Powder River MT Camden NC Currituck NC Cheshire NH Hillsborough NH Merrimack NH Rockingham NH Strafford NH Doña Ana NM Lincoln NM Otero NM Sierra NM Socorro NM Clark NV Elko NV Esmeralda NV Lincoln NV Nye NV White Pine NV Herkimer NY Jefferson NY Lewis NY Oswego NY St. Lawrence NY Adams PA Bedford PA Cumberland PA Franklin PA Fulton PA Huntingdon PA Juniata PA Mifflin PA Perry PA York PA Butte SD Harding SD Lawrence SD Franklin TN Giles TN Lawrence TN Lincoln TN Bell TX Bosque TX Burnet TX Coryell TX El Paso TX Falls TX Hamilton TX Hudspeth TX Lampasas TX Llano TX McLennan TX Mills TX San Saba TX Travis TX Williamson TX Juab UT Millard UT Tooele UT Accomack VA Caroline VA Chesapeake VA Essex VA Gloucester VA Hampton VA Isle of Wight VA James City VA King and Queen VA King George VA Lancaster VA Mathews VA Middlesex VA Newport News VA Norfolk VA Northampton VA Northumberland VA Poquoson VA Portsmouth VA Richmond VA Suffolk VA Virginia Beach VA Westmoreland VA York VA Clallam WA Grays Harbor WA Jefferson WA Mason WA Pacific WA Berkeley WV Jefferson WV Morgan WV Campbell WY Crook WY Table 2 5725-5850 MHz Operation Prohibited Prohibited County State Fairbanks North Star AK Kodiak Island AK Southeast Fairbanks AK Yukon-Koyukuk AK Blount AL Covington AL Cullman AL DeKalb AL Escambia AL Geneva AL Jackson AL Lauderdale AL Lawrence AL Limestone AL Madison AL Marshall AL Mobile AL Morgan AL Winston AL Columbia AR Crawford AR Franklin AR Johnson AR Lafayette AR Logan AR Madison AR Miller AR Scott AR Sebastian AR Washington AR Cochise AZ Graham AZ La Paz AZ Pima AZ Pinal AZ Santa Cruz AZ Yuma AZ Alameda CA Butte CA Colusa CA Contra Costa CA El Dorado CA Glenn CA Imperial CA Inyo CA Kern CA Los Angeles CA Marin CA Nevada CA Orange CA Placer CA Plumas CA Riverside CA Sacramento CA San Bernardino CA San Diego CA San Francisco CA San Luis Obispo CA San Mateo CA Santa Barbara CA Santa Clara CA Santa Cruz CA Sierra CA Sutter CA Tulare CA Ventura CA Yolo CA Yuba CA Kent DE New Castle DE Sussex DE Bay FL Brevard FL Calhoun FL Charlotte FL Citrus FL Clay FL Columbia FL DeSoto FL Duval FL Escambia FL Franklin FL Gulf FL Hamilton FL Hardee FL Hernando FL Hillsborough FL Holmes FL Indian River FL Jackson FL Jefferson FL Lake FL Lee FL Leon FL Liberty FL Madison FL Manatee FL Monroe FL Nassau FL Okaloosa FL Orange FL Osceola FL Pasco FL Pinellas FL Polk FL Santa Rosa FL Sarasota FL Seminole FL St. Johns FL Suwannee FL Volusia FL Wakulla FL Walton FL Washington FL Atkinson GA Bartow GA Berrien GA Brooks GA Camden GA Carroll GA Charlton GA Cherokee GA Clayton GA Clinch GA Cobb GA Coffee GA Colquitt GA Cook GA Coweta GA Dawson GA DeKalb GA Douglas GA Echols GA Fayette GA Floyd GA Forsyth GA Fulton GA Gordon GA Gwinnett GA Hall GA Haralson GA Henry GA Irwin GA Lanier GA Lowndes GA Paulding GA Pickens GA Polk GA Rockdale GA Thomas GA Tift GA Walton GA Ware GA Honolulu HI Kauai HI Adair IA Boone IA Clarke IA Dallas IA Greene IA Guthrie IA Jasper IA Lucas IA Madison IA Marion IA Marshall IA Polk IA Story IA Union IA Warren IA Benewah ID Kootenai ID Calhoun IL Clinton IL Cook IL DuPage IL Greene IL Jersey IL Kane IL Lake IL Macoupin IL Madison IL McHenry IL Monroe IL Pike IL St. Clair IL Elkhart IN LaGrange IN Steuben IN Simpson KY Allen LA Beauregard LA Bienville LA Bossier LA Caddo LA Claiborne LA De Soto LA Natchitoches LA Orleans LA Rapides LA Red River LA Sabine LA St. Bernard LA St. Tammany LA Vernon LA Webster LA Barnstable MA Bristol MA Dukes MA Essex MA Middlesex MA Nantucket MA Norfolk MA Plymouth MA Suffolk MA Worcester MA Anne Arundel MD Baltimore MD Calvert MD Caroline MD Cecil MD Charles MD Dorchester MD Harford MD Howard MD Kent MD Prince George's MD Queen Anne's MD Somerset MD St. Mary's MD Talbot MD Wicomico MD Worcester MD Alcona MI Allegan MI Alpena MI Barry MI Berrien MI Branch MI Calhoun MI Cass MI Cheboygan MI Eaton MI Kalamazoo MI Kent MI Montmorency MI Oscoda MI Presque Isle MI St. Joseph MI Van Buren MI Becker MN Clay MN Marshall MN Norman MN Otter Tail MN Polk MN Wilkin MN Bates MO Benton MO Carroll MO Cass MO Cooper MO Franklin MO Henry MO Jackson MO Jefferson MO Johnson MO Lafayette MO Lincoln MO Morgan MO Pettis MO Pike MO Ray MO Saline MO St. Charles MO St. Clair MO St. Louis MO Warren MO Forrest MS George MS Hancock MS Harrison MS Jackson MS Pearl River MS Perry MS Stone MS Carter MT Powder River MT Camden NC Chowan NC Currituck NC Dare NC Gates NC Hyde NC Pasquotank NC Perquimans NC Tyrrell NC Washington NC Bottineau ND Cass ND Grand Forks ND Griggs ND McHenry ND McLean ND Mountrail ND Nelson ND Ransom ND Renville ND Richland ND Steele ND Traill ND Walsh ND Ward ND Hillsborough NH Merrimack NH Rockingham NH Atlantic NJ Burlington NJ Camden NJ Cumberland NJ Gloucester NJ Hunterdon NJ Mercer NJ Middlesex NJ Monmouth NJ Ocean NJ Salem NJ Somerset NJ Warren NJ Bernalillo NM Chaves NM Cibola NM Curry NM Doña Ana NM Lincoln NM Otero NM Quay NM Roosevelt NM Sandoval NM Santa Fe NM Sierra NM Socorro NM Torrance NM Valencia NM Clark NV Elko NV Esmeralda NV Lincoln NV Nye NV White Pine NV Cayuga NY Chenango NY Cortland NY Erie NY Genesee NY Herkimer NY Jefferson NY Lewis NY Madison NY Niagara NY Oneida NY Onondaga NY Orleans NY Oswego NY Seneca NY St. Lawrence NY Tompkins NY Wayne NY Wyoming NY Brown OH Butler OH Champaign OH Clark OH Clermont OH Clinton OH Darke OH Fayette OH Franklin OH Greene OH Hamilton OH Highland OH Logan OH Madison OH Miami OH Montgomery OH Pickaway OH Preble OH Shelby OH Union OH Warren OH Adair OK Cherokee OK Haskell OK Latimer OK Le Flore OK Sequoyah OK Berks PA Bucks PA Chester PA Delaware PA Lancaster PA Lehigh PA Montgomery PA Northampton PA Philadelphia PA York PA Bristol RI Newport RI Providence RI Berkeley SC Charleston SC Colleton SC Dorchester SC Georgetown SC Orangeburg SC Williamsburg SC Butte SD Harding SD Lawrence SD Bedford TN Cannon TN Cheatham TN Davidson TN DeKalb TN Dickson TN Franklin TN Giles TN Hickman TN Lawrence TN Lincoln TN Macon TN Marshall TN Maury TN Montgomery TN Moore TN Robertson TN Rutherford TN Smith TN Sumner TN Trousdale TN Williamson TN Wilson TN Aransas TX Bailey TX Bee TX Bell TX Bosque TX Brazoria TX Calhoun TX Cass TX Chambers TX Coke TX Concho TX Coryell TX Deaf Smith TX El Paso TX Ellis TX Falls TX Fort Bend TX Freestone TX Galveston TX Harris TX Harrison TX Hill TX Hudspeth TX Irion TX Kenedy TX Kleberg TX Liberty TX Limestone TX Marion TX McLennan TX Menard TX Montgomery TX Navarro TX Newton TX Nueces TX Panola TX Parmer TX Refugio TX Runnels TX Sabine TX San Patricio TX Schleicher TX Sterling TX Tom Green TX Box Elder UT Davis UT Juab UT Millard UT Tooele UT Weber UT Accomack VA Albemarle VA Caroline VA Charles City VA Charlottesville VA Chesapeake VA Culpeper VA Essex VA Fauquier VA Fluvanna VA Franklin VA Fredericksburg VA Gloucester VA Goochland VA Greene VA Hampton VA Hanover VA Henrico VA Isle of Wight VA James City VA King and Queen VA King George VA King William VA Lancaster VA Louisa VA Madison VA Mathews VA Middlesex VA New Kent VA Newport News VA Norfolk VA Northampton VA Northumberland VA Orange VA Page VA Poquoson VA Portsmouth VA Prince William VA Rappahannock VA Richmond VA Rockingham VA Southampton VA Spotsylvania VA Stafford VA Suffolk VA Surry VA Sussex VA Virginia Beach VA Warren VA Westmoreland VA Williamsburg VA York VA Adams WA Clallam WA Ferry WA Grays Harbor WA Island WA Jefferson WA King WA Kitsap WA Kittitas WA Lewis WA Lincoln WA Mason WA Pacific WA Pend Oreille WA Pierce WA San Juan WA Skagit WA Snohomish WA Spokane WA Stevens WA Thurston WA Whitman WA Adams WI Clark WI Columbia WI Jackson WI Juneau WI Kenosha WI La Crosse WI Marquette WI Milwaukee WI Monroe WI Portage WI Racine WI Richland WI Sauk WI Vernon WI Walworth WI Waushara WI Wood WI Campbell WY Crook WY