PUBLIC NOTICE Federal Communications Commission News Media Information 202 / 418-0500 45 L Street, N.E. Internet: http://www.fcc.gov Washington, D.C. 20554 TTY: 1-888-835-5322 DA 22-954 September 16, 2022 INTERNATIONAL BUREAU SEEKS COMMENT ON RECOMMENDATIONS APPROVED BY THE WORLD RADIOCOMMUNICATION CONFERENCE ADVISORY COMMITTEE IB Docket No. 16-185 On September 12, 2022 the World Radiocommunication Conference Advisory Committee (WRC-23 Advisory Committee) approved and provided for Commission consideration of its draft recommendations on issues that will be considered by the 2023 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-23). Based upon an initial review of the draft recommendations forwarded to the Commission, the International Bureau, in coordination with other Commission Bureaus and Offices, tentatively concludes that we can generally support most of the content found in attachment in the WRC-23 Advisory Committee draft recommendation. We seek comment on the draft recommendation provided by the WRC-23 Advisory Committee (Attachment A). The proposal in Attachment B is not a WRC-23 Advisory Committee recommendation, but WRC-23 Advisory Committee recommended that the International Bureau seek comments on it. Accordingly, we seek comments on the proposal in Attachment B. In addition, we seek comment on the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) draft proposals in Attachment C. The comments provided by interested parties will assist the FCC in its upcoming consultations with the U.S. Department of State and NTIA in the development of U.S. positions for WRC-23. The proposed recommendations that are attached to this Public Notice may evolve in the course of interagency discussions as we approach WRC-23 and, therefore, do not constitute any final U.S. Government positions on any issue. The deadline for comments on the proposed recommendations is September 26, 2022. It is necessary that all comments be received by September 26, 2022, in order to allow sufficient time to finalize the U.S. position before commencement of regional WRC-23 preparatory meetings. All comments are to reference IB Docket No. 16-185 and to specific recommendations by WAC document number. Pursuant to sections 1.415 and 1.419 of the Commission’s rules, 47 CFR §§ 1.415, 1.419, interested parties may file comments on or before September 26, 2022. Comments may be filed using Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 the Commission’s Electronic Comment Filing System (ECFS). See Electronic Filing of Documents in Rulemaking Proceedings, 63 FR 24121 (1998).  Electronic Filers: Comments may be filed electronically using the Internet by accessing the ECFS: http://apps.fcc.gov/ecfs/.  Paper Filers: Parties who choose to file by paper must file an original and one copy of each filing. o Filings can be sent by commercial overnight courier, or by first-class or overnight U.S. Postal Service mail. All filings must be addressed to the Commission’s Secretary, Office of the Secretary, Federal Communications Commission. o Commercial overnight mail (other than U.S. Postal Service Express Mail and Priority Mail) must be sent to 9050 Junction Drive, Annapolis Junction, MD 20701.U.S. o Postal Service first-class, Express, and Priority mail must be addressed to 45 L Street, N.E., Washington DC 20554  Effective March 19, 2020, and until further notice, the Commission no longer accepts any hand or messenger delivered filings. This is a temporary measure taken to help protect the health and safety of individuals, and to mitigate the transmission of COVID-19.1  During the time the Commission’s building is closed to the general public and until further notice, if more than one docket or rulemaking number appears in the caption of a proceeding, paper filers need not submit two additional copies for each additional docket or rulemaking number; an original and one copy are sufficient. People with Disabilities: To request materials in accessible formats for people with disabilities (braille, large print, electronic files, audio format), send an e-mail to fcc504@fcc.gov or call the Consumer and Governmental Affairs Bureau at 202-418-0530 (voice), 1-888-835-5322 (tty). In addition, one copy of each pleading must be sent to: Dante Ibarra, Designated Federal Official, Global Strategy and Negotiation Division, International Bureau, 45 L Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20554; email: WRC-23@fcc.gov. The complete texts of these recommendations are available by accessing the FCC’s WRC-23 web site at: www.fcc.gov/wrc-23. Filings and comments are also available for public inspection and copying during regular business hours at the FCC Reference Information Center, Portals II, 45 L Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20554. For further information, please contact Dante Ibarra at (202) 418-0610 or by email at: WRC-23@fcc.gov. -FCC– 1 See FCC Announces Closure of FCC Headquarters Open Window and Change in Hand-Delivery Policy, Public Notice, 35 FCC Rcd 2788 (2020). 2 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 ATTACHMENT (A) WAC-23/052 (08.22.2022) UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DRAFT PROPOSALS FOR THE WORK OF THE CONFERENCE Agenda Item 1.6 1.6 to consider, in accordance with Resolution 772 (WRC-19), regulatory provisions to facilitate radiocommunications for sub-orbital vehicles; Stations on board sub-orbital vehicles have a need for voice/data communications, navigation, surveillance, and telemetry and tracking and command (TT&C) applications to safely and effectively complete various mission requirements BACKGROUND INFORMATION: WRC-19 recognized that stations on board sub-orbital vehicles may use systems operating under space and/or terrestrial services, and that the current regulatory provisions and procedures for terrestrial and space services may not be adequate for international use of relevant frequency assignments by stations on board suborbital vehicles. Some inconsistencies were raised during the preparations for WRC-23 agenda item 1.6, between the operational use of stations on-board suborbital vehicles, and the definitions of terrestrial stations in RR No 1.62, earth stations in RR No 1.63, and space stations in RR No 1.64. Radio stations operating on-board suborbital vehicles are currently, and expected in the future, to operate both in frequency bands currently allocated for terrestrial radiocommunication services, and those allocated for space radiocommunication services. While in the RRs, each station shall be classified by the service in which it operates permanently or temporarily (RR No. 1.61), the suborbital vehicle may be physically located within the major portion of Earth’s atmosphere or beyond for a brief period of time, but the physical location of the suborbital vehicle on which the stations are located does not necessarily change the need for, or purpose of, the use of specific radiocommunication services. In accordance with RR No. 1.64, there are no difficulties with the existing RR Article 5 allocations when a space station on-board suborbital vehicle goes beyond or is intended to go beyond a major portion of the Earth’s atmosphere, based on the space radiocommunication service in which the station operates. This proposal considers that terrestrial and Earth stations onboard the suborbital vehicle do not become a space station but are considered terrestrial stations or Earth stations for the entire flight. 3 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 A terrestrial station is defined as, “a station effecting terrestrial radiocommunication,” and terrestrial radiocommunication (RR No. 1.7) is defined as, “any radiocommunication other than space radiocommunication or radio astronomy”. Under RR No. 1.61, each station shall be classified by the service in which it operates permanently or temporarily. While the suborbital vehicle is physically located beyond the major portion of the Earth’s atmosphere for a brief period of time, the physical location of the suborbital vehicle on which the stations are located does not change the need for, or purpose of the use of specific radiocommunication applications. One objective of Resolution 772 (WRC-19) is to facilitate radiocommunications necessary to safely integrate suborbital vehicles into the same airspace as conventional aircraft during their transition to and from space in order to minimize the airspace disruption. Studies found in Report ITU-R M.2477 show that suborbital vehicle activity requires making unavailable large areas of international and national airspace. This results in airspace disruptions, extra travel time, re- routing flight paths, and additional aircraft fuel consumption. The report shows the feasibility of using existing aircraft avionics systems by suborbital vehicles without modification of the existing Article 5 RR provisions. A WRC Resolution is proposed to clarify the use and classification of stations necessary for the safe and efficient operation of suborbital vehicles. Proposal ADD USA/A1.6/1 RESOLUTION [SOV] (WRC-23) Use of and Classification of Stations On-board Suborbital Vehicles The World Radiocommunication Conference (Dubai, 2023), Considering a) that sub-orbital vehicles operate at higher altitudes than conventional aircraft, with a sub- orbital trajectory; b) that sub-orbital vehicles operate through the lower levels of the atmosphere, where they may operate in the same airspace as conventional aircraft; c) that sub-orbital vehicles may perform various missions such as conducting scientific research or providing transportation; d) that stations on board sub-orbital vehicles are to accommodate all or some of the following applications: voice/data communications, navigation, surveillance, and telemetry, 4 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 tracking and command (TT&C), and may use systems operating in the Aeronautical Radionavigation Service (ARNS); Aeronautical Mobile (Route) Service (AM(R)S); Mobile Satellite Service (MSS); Radionavigation Satellite Service (RNSS); and, Aeronautical Mobile Satellite (Route) Service (AMS(R)S);; e) that sub-orbital vehicles must be safely integrated into airspace used by conventional aircraft; f) that some stations onboard sub-orbital vehicles may need to communicate with air traffic management systems and relevant ground control facilities; h) that some orbital satellite launch rocket systems or components may be considered as a sub-orbital vehicles; recognizing a) that some sub-orbital flights could reach altitudes for a brief period of time in space without sufficient energy to sustain permanent orbit; b) that there is no internationally agreed legal demarcation between the Earth’s atmosphere and the space domain; c) that stations on-board sub-orbital vehicles may use systems operating under space or terrestrial services; d) that Annex 10 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation contains Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) for aeronautical radionavigation and radiocommunication systems used by international civil aviation; noting a) that Report ITU-R M.2477 defines sub-orbital flight as an intentional flight of a vehicle expected to reach the upper atmosphere with a portion of its flight path that may occur in space without completing a full orbit around the Earth before returning back to the surface of the Earth; b) that Report ITU-R M.2477 defines a sub-orbital vehicle as a vehicle executing sub-orbital flight; 5 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 c) that Report ITU-RM.2477 provides information on radiocommunications for sub-orbital vehicles, including a description of the flight trajectory, categories of sub-orbital vehicles, technical studies related to possible avionics systems used by sub-orbital vehicles, and service allocations of those systems; e) that the provisions of No. 4.10 may apply to certain aspects of sub-orbital vehicle operations; f) that the development of compatibility criteria between International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standardized aeronautical systems is the responsibility of ICAO; resolves 1 that stations on-board suborbital vehicles may be terrestrial stations (RR No. 1.62) or earth stations (RR No. 1.63), or both, and those stations are used in all phases of flight, without change to classification, within their respective service allocations.. 2 that the stations on board sub-orbital vehicles shall not create new constraints on applications of the same service and on other radiocommunication services that are allocated on a primary basis in the same and adjacent frequency bands, instructs the Secretary-General to bring this Resolution to the attention of ICAO. invites the International Civil Aviation Organization to take into account this Resolution and relevant portions of Report ITU-R M.2477 in the course of developing SARPs for ICAO systems that may be used by sub-orbital vehicles. Reasons: This action will clarify that stations on-board sub-orbital vehicles may terrestrial stations (RR No. 1.62) and earth stations (RR No. 1.63) and can be used in all phases of flight, within their respective service allocations. The stations shall not impose any new constraints on applications of the same service and other radiocommunication services that are allocated on a primary basis. SUP USA/A1.6/2 RESOLUTION 772 (WRC-19) Consideration of regulatory provisions to facilitate the introduction of sub orbital vehicles 6 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 Reasons: This resolution may be suppressed by WRC-23 because of a decision to add a new WRC Resolution clarifying the use of frequencies on-board suborbital vehicles. ______________ 7 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 WAC-23/053 (08.22.2022) UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DRAFT PROPOSALS FOR THE WORK OF THE CONFERENCE AGENDA ITEM 1.7: Studies on a possible new allocation to the aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service within the frequency band 117.975-137 MHz in order to support aeronautical VHF communications in the Earth-to-space and space-to-Earth directions (WRC-19) BACKGROUND INFORMATION: The frequency band 117.975 - 137 MHz is allocated on a primary basis to the AM(R)S service and used for air-ground, ground-air and air-air systems, providing critical voice and data terrestrial communications for air traffic management and airline operational control on a global basis. Resolution 428 (WRC-19) invites WRC-23 to consider a new primary allocation to the AMS(R)S based on the results of sharing and compatibility studies. This new AMS(R)S service is intended to support direct pilot-air traffic controller voice as well as data communications in oceanic and remote areas without modifying aircraft equipment. The AM(R)S allocation in 117.975-137 MHz supports Air Traffic Control (ATC) and Aeronautical Operational Control (AOC) systems for aircraft. This includes both standard voice communications and datalink systems utilizing data messages for ATC and AOC functions to aircraft in the air and on the ground. There is significant utilization by terrestrial VHF systems within this allocation today, thus severely limiting options for new regional or national satellite frequency assignments that would need to be harmonized with existing terrestrial assignments. Many administrations use ICAO regional groups to plan and register cross border assignments in the 117.975-137 MHz frequency band. However, not all administrations participate in this process, and even those that do may only include ATC voice but not either AOC or applicable AM(OR)S assignments. For example, several administrations within ITU-R Region 2 coordinate cross border AM(R)S assignments directly through mutual bilateral agreements but do not participate in any ICAO process for recording any AM(R)S assignments. The current draft ITU-R studies carried out under Resolution 428 (WRC-19) indicate support for a new primary AMS(R)S service in the 117.975 – 136 MHz frequency band provided such an allocation is found to be compatible with existing services and implemented with an appropriate means of planning and coordination. The new allocation must protect existing primary services in and adjacent to the frequency band 117.975-137 MHz and should not constrain the planned usage of those systems. PROPOSAL Support a new primary AMS(R)S allocation in the 117.975 – 136 MHz frequency band, under Resolution 428 (WRC-19), subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21 and limited to relaying voice- only aeronautical air traffic control communications that operate and are planned in accordance with recognized international aeronautical standards. Such use shall not cause harmful interference to, nor 8 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 claim protection from, current and future AM(R)S systems operating in the frequency range 117.975-137 MHz. By limiting to ATC voice systems only, any planning required for States that are not formally part of the ICAO process could be managed through CAAs on a case-by-case basis directly with ICAO. Further studies before WRC-23 may allow for a No. 9.11A coordination procedure instead of No. 9.21 if the necessary material can be matured to give assurance of such a method. Satellite datalink applications using the AMS(R)S allocation within a portion of the frequency band 136-137 MHz may be considered by a future competent world radiocommunication conference when additional technical studies and coordination planning for all AM(R)S communication types are fully developed. ARTICLE 5 Frequency allocations Section IV – Table of Frequency Allocations (See No. 2.1) MOD USA/AI 1.7/1 75.2-137.175 MHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 75.2-87.5 75.2-75.4 FIXED FIXED MOBILE except aeronautical MOBILE mobile 5.179 75.4-76 75.4-87 FIXED FIXED MOBILE MOBILE 76-88 BROADCASTING Fixed 5.182 5.183 5.188 Mobile 87-100 5.175 5.179 5.187 FIXED 87.5-100 MOBILE BROADCASTING 5.185 BROADCASTING 88-100 5.190 BROADCASTING 100-108 BROADCASTING 5.192 5.194 108-117.975 AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION 5.197 5.197A 9 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 117.975-136 AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R) AERONAUTICAL MOBILE SATELLITE (R) ADD 5.A17 5.111 5.200 5.201 5.202 136-137 AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R) 5.111 5.200 5.201 5.202 ADD USA/AI 1.7/2 5.A17 In the frequency band 117.975 - 136 MHz, the use of the aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service is subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21 and administrations shall take all necessary steps to protect and not constrain assignments to stations of the aeronautical mobile (R) service in frequency range 117.975 - 137 MHz. The use of this band by the aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service shall be limited to systems that operate and are planned in accordance with recognized international aeronautical standards. Reasons: Draft studies have not fully demonstrated how these new AMS(R)S systems will be implemented or coordinated, and the still unknown effect VHF datalink services would have. As such, Article 9.21 should be applied to ensure a managed implementation of voice communications only by each state. Since the relay of AMS(R)S voice communications will be supplemental to ground-based stations and not constrain their current or future usage, such use shall take measures to protect the frequencies assigned to stations of the aeronautical mobile (R) service when assigning frequencies to stations of the aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service. SUP USA/A1.7/3 RESOLUTION 428 (WRC-19) Studies on a possible new allocation to the aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service within the frequency band 117.975-137 MHz in order to support aeronautical VHF communications in the Earth-to-space and space-to-Earth directions Reasons: This resolution may be suppressed by WRC-23 because of a decision to add a new provision in Article 5 for AMS(R)S. ________________________ 10 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 WAC-23/054 (08.22.2022) UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DRAFT PROPOSALS FOR THE WORK OF THE CONFERENCE Agenda Item 1.8 Agenda Item 1.8: to consider, on the basis of ITU R studies in accordance with Resolution 171 (WRC 19), appropriate regulatory actions, with a view to reviewing and, if necessary, revising Resolution 155 (Rev.WRC-19) and No. 5.484B to accommodate the use of fixed-satellite service (FSS) networks by control and non-payload communications of unmanned aircraft systems; Background: Agenda item 1.8 was established to revise Resolution 155 (Rev.WRC-19). This resolution was initially adopted by WRC-15 on the use of geostationary-satellite networks in the fixed- satellite service in certain frequency bands for the control and non-payload communications (CNPC) of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Report ITU-R M.2171 identifies the spectrum requirements for unmanned aircraft (UA) command and non-payload communication (CNPC) that would be needed to support flight through non-segregated airspace. Studies on technical and regulatory conditions carried out in advance of WRC-15 showed that the use of FSS networks for UA CNPC is feasible under certain conditions. These conditions include flight scenarios which were provided by ICAO and the existing FSS framework. Furthermore, ICAO studies showed that – based on given FSS characteristic envelopes – the FSS based UAS CNPC can be a working solution compliant to the Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) for the RPAS C2 Link1. WRC-15, under its agenda item 1.5, considered the possibility to use fixed-satellite service (FSS) networks to provide UAS CNPC links and adopted Resolution 155 (WRC-15) in order to benefit the opportunity of using existing satellite transponders. Recognizing the need for further studies on regulatory provisions and technical criteria both within ICAO and ITU, WRC-15 decided that consideration of the outcome of these studies, also taking into account the progress obtained by ICAO in the completion of its SARPs on the use of FSS for the UAS CNPC links, would again be considered by WRC-23. WRC-23 agenda item 1.8 was therefore established by WRC-19 to, in accordance with Resolution 171 (WRC-19), consider appropriate regulatory actions, with a view to reviewing and, if necessary, revising Resolution 155 (Rev.WRC-19) and No. 5.484B to accommodate the use of FSS networks by control and non-payload communications of unmanned aircraft systems. On the basis of the studies called for by Resolutions 171 (WRC-19) and 155 (Rev.WRC-19) that define the conditions for operating in the FSS (see resolves 19 of Resolution 155 (Rev.WRC-19)) in the frequency bands for which No. 5.484B already applies, revisions to Resolution 155 (Rev.WRC-19) and RR No. 5.484B are proposed to accommodate the use of FSS networks by UAS CNPC systems. Proposal: 1 In ICAO, an “unmanned aircraft system” (UAS) is referred to as a “Remotely piloted aircraft system” (RPAS), the CNPC link is referred to as C2 Link (Command and Control). 11 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 MOD USA/1.8/1 ARTICLE 5 Frequency allocations Section IV – Table of Frequency Allocations (See No. 2.1) 10.7-11.7 GHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 … … 10.95-11.2 10.95-11.2 FIXED FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) 5.484A MOD 5.484B (space-to-Earth) 5.484A MOBILE except aeronautical mobile MOD 5.484B (Earth-to-space) 5.484 MOBILE except aeronautical mobile … … 11.45-11.7 11.45-11.7 FIXED FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) 5.484A MOD 5.484B (space-to-Earth) 5.484A MOD MOBILE except aeronautical mobile 5.484B (Earth-to-space) 5.484 MOBILE except aeronautical mobile 11.7-13.4 GHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 11.7-12.5 11.7-12.1 11.7-12.2 FIXED FIXED 5.486 FIXED MOBILE except aeronautical FIXED-SATELLITE MOBILE except aeronautical mobile (space-to-Earth) 5.484A MOD mobile BROADCASTING 5.484B 5.488 BROADCASTING BROADCASTING-SATELLITE Mobile except aeronautical mobile BROADCASTING-SATELLITE 5.492 5.485 5.492 12 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 12.1-12.2 FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) 5.484A MOD 5.484B 5.488 5.485 5.489 5.487 5.487A 12.2-12.7 12.2-12.5 FIXED FIXED MOBILE except aeronautical FIXED-SATELLITE mobile (space-to-Earth) MOD 5.484B BROADCASTING MOBILE except aeronautical BROADCASTING-SATELLITE mobile 5.492 BROADCASTING 5.487 5.487A 5.487 5.484A 12.5-12.75 5.487A 5.488 5.490 12.5-12.75 FIXED-SATELLITE 12.7-12.75 FIXED (space-to-Earth) 5.484A MOD FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE 5.484B FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) 5.484A MOD (Earth-to-space) (Earth-to-space) 5.484B MOBILE except aeronautical MOBILE except aeronautical mobile mobile BROADCASTING- 5.494 5.495 5.496 SATELLITE 5.493 … MOD USA/1.8/2 14-14.5 GHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 14-14.25 FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) 5.457A 5.457B 5.484A MOD 5.484B 5.506 5.506B RADIONAVIGATION 5.504 Mobile-satellite (Earth-to-space) 5.504B 5.504C 5.506A Space research 5.504A 5.505 14.25-14.3 FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) 5.457A 5.457B 5.484A MOD 5.484B 5.506 5.506B RADIONAVIGATION 5.504 Mobile-satellite (Earth-to-space) 5.504B 5.506A 5.508A Space research 5.504A 5.505 5.508 13 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 14.3-14.4 14.3-14.4 14.3-14.4 FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) 5.457A FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) 5.457A 5.484A MOD 5.484B 5.506 (Earth-to-space) 5.457A 5.457B 5.484A MOD 5.484B 5.506B 5.484A MOD 5.484B 5.506 5.506 5.506B Mobile-satellite (Earth-to-space) 5.506B MOBILE except aeronautical 5.506A MOBILE except aeronautical mobile Radionavigation-satellite mobile Mobile-satellite (Earth-to-space) Mobile-satellite (Earth-to-space) 5.504B 5.506A 5.509A 5.504B 5.506A 5.509A Radionavigation-satellite Radionavigation-satellite 5.504A 5.504A 5.504A 14.4-14.47 FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) 5.457A 5.457B 5.484A MOD 5.484B 5.506 5.506B MOBILE except aeronautical mobile Mobile-satellite (Earth-to-space) 5.504B 5.506A 5.509A Space research (space-to-Earth) 5.504A … MOD USA/1.8/3 18.4-22 GHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 … 19.7-20.1 19.7-20.1 19.7-20.1 FIXED-SATELLITE FIXED-SATELLITE FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) 5.484A MOD (space-to-Earth) 5.484A MOD (space-to-Earth) 5.484A MOD 5.484B 5.516B 5.527A 5.484B 5.516B 5.527A 5.484B 5.516B 5.527A Mobile-satellite (space-to-Earth) MOBILE-SATELLITE Mobile-satellite (space-to-Earth) (space-to-Earth) 5.524 5.525 5.526 5.527 5.528 5.524 5.529 5.524 20.1-20.2 FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) 5.484A MOD 5.484B 5.516B 5.527A MOBILE-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) 5.524 5.525 5.526 5.527 5.528 … MOD USA/1.8/4 14 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 24.75-29.9 GHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 … 29.5-29.9 29.5-29.9 29.5-29.9 FIXED-SATELLITE FIXED-SATELLITE FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) 5.484A MOD (Earth-to-space) 5.484A MOD (Earth-to-space) 5.484A MOD 5.484B 5.516B 5.527A 5.539 5.484B 5.516B 5.527A 5.539 5.484B 5.516B 5.527A 5.539 Earth exploration-satellite MOBILE-SATELLITE Earth exploration-satellite (Earth-to-space) 5.541 (Earth-to-space) (Earth-to-space) 5.541 Mobile-satellite (Earth-to-space) Earth exploration-satellite Mobile-satellite (Earth-to-space) (Earth-to-space) 5.541 5.540 5.542 5.525 5.526 5.527 5.529 5.540 5.540 5.542 MOD USA/1.8/5 29.9-34.2 GHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 29.9-30 FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) 5.484A MOD 5.484B 5.516B 5.527A 5.539 MOBILE-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) Earth exploration-satellite (Earth-to-space) 5.541 5.543 5.525 5.526 5.527 5.538 5.540 5.542 … MOD USA/1.8/6 5.484B Resolution 155 (WRC-15)* shall applyThis frequency band, may also be used for the control and non-payload communication of unmanned aircraft systems in accordance with Resolution 155 (Rev.WRC-23). Such use shall be limited to internationally standardized aeronautical systems. (WRC-1523) * Note by the Secretariat: This Resolution was revised by WRC-19. Reason: Modification of the footnote improves the clarity to the services and systems for which it applies. Modifications to the Table of Frequency Allocations are to reflect the modified footnote. MOD USA/1.8/7 15 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 RESOLUTION 155 (REV.WRC-2319) Regulatory provisions related to earth stations on board unmanned aircraft which operate with geostationary-satellite networks in the fixed-satellite service in certain frequency bands not subject to a Plan of Appendices 30, 30A and 30B for the control and non-payload communications of unmanned aircraft systems in non-segregated airspaces* The World Radiocommunication Conference (Sharm el-SheikhDubai, 201923), considering a) that the operation of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) requires reliable control and non-payload communication (CNPC) links, in particular to relay air traffic control communications and for the remote pilot to control the flight; b) that satellite networks may be used to provide CNPC links of UAS beyond the line-of-sight, as shown in Annex 1 to this Resolution; c) that CNPC links between space stations and stations on board unmanned aircraft (UA) are proposed permitted to be operated under this Resolution in the primary fixed-satellite service (FSS) in frequency bands shared with other primary services, including terrestrial services, however that would not preclude the use of other available allocations to accommodate this application, considering further that UAS CNPC links relate to the safe operation of UAS and have to comply with certain technical, operational and regulatory requirements, noting a) that WRC-15 adopted Resolution 156 (WRC-15) on the use of earth stations in motion communicating with geostationary satellite orbit (GSO) FSS space stations in the frequency bands 19.7- 20.2 GHz and 29.5-30.0 GHz; b) that Report ITU-R M.2171 provides information on characteristics of UAS and spectrum requirements to support their safe operation in non-segregated airspace, recognizing a) that the UAS CNPC links will operate in accordance with international standards and recommended practices (SARPs) and procedures established in accordance with the Convention on International Civil Aviation; b) that, in this Resolution, conditions are provided for operations of CNPC links without prejudging whether the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) would be able to develop SARPs to ensure safe operation of UAS under these conditions; c) that Section VI of Article 22 contains limits on equivalent isotropically radiated power at off-axis angles of 3 degrees or more for earth stations of a geostationary satellite network in the fixed-satellite service in the frequency bands 14-14.47 GHz and 29.5-30 GHz; * May also be used consistent with international standards and practices approved by the responsible civil aviation authority. 16 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 d) that terrestrial services operate in the frequency bands 10.95-11.2 GHz, 11.45-11.7 GHz, 11.7- 12.1 GHz (Region 2), 12.1-12.2 GHz (on the territory of the country listed in No. 5.489), 12.2-12.5 GHz (Region 3), 12.5-12.75 GHz (on the territory of the countries listed in No. 5.494 and in Region 3); e) that terrestrial services also operate in the frequency bands 14.0-14.3 GHz (on the territory of countries listed in No. 5.505), 14.25-14.3 GHz (on the territory of countries listed in No. 5.508), 14.3- 14.4 GHz (Regions 1 and 3), and 14.4-14.47 GHz; f) that CNPC links using earth stations onboard unmanned aircraft are not subject to the regulatory provisions that apply to earth stations in motion (ESIM), resolves 1 that assignments to stations of , for CNPC links using Earth stations onboard Unmanned Aircraft (“CNPC UA ES”) communicating with a GSO FSS networks operating inspace station within the frequency bands 10.95-11.2 GHz (space-to-Earth), 11.45-11.7 GHz (space-to-Earth), 11.7-12.2 GHz (space-to-Earth) in Region 2, 12.2-12.5 GHz (space-to-Earth) in Region 3, 12.5-12.75 GHz (space-to- Earth) in Regions 1 and 3 and 19.7-20.2 GHz (space-to-Earth), and in the frequency bands 14-14.47 GHz (Earth-to-space) and 29.5-30.0 GHz (Earth-to-space), may be used for UAS CNPC links in non- segregated airspace*, provided that or parts thereof, are an application of the primary FSS and the following conditions specified in resolves below are met;shall apply: 1.1 with respect to space services in the frequency bands referred to in resolves 1, the notifying administration of the GSO FSS network shall ensure that its CNPC UA ES complies with the following conditions: 1.1.1 with respect to satellite networks or systems of other notifying administrations, the CNPC UA ES characteristics shall remain within the envelope of characteristics of the typical earth stations associated with the satellite network with which the CNPC UA ES communicates; 1.1.2 that CNPC UA ES shall be designed and operated so as to be able to meet their required performance with interference caused by other satellite networks resulting from application of Articles 9 and 11 and the use of CNPC UA ES shall not cause more interference and shall not claim more protection than any typical earth station in that GSO FSS network; 1.1.3 the operation of CNPC UA ES shall comply with the coordination agreements for the frequency assignments of the typical earth station of the GSO FSS networks obtained under the relevant provisions of the Radio Regulations, taking into account resolves 3.4; 2 that earth stations in motion on board UA may communicate with the space station of a GSO FSS network operating in the frequency bands listed in resolves 1 above, provided that the class of the earth station in motion on board UA is matched with the class of the space station and that other conditions of this Resolution are met (see also instructs the Director of the Radiocommunication Bureau 3 below); 3 that the frequency bands specified in resolves 1 shall not be used for the UAS CNPC links before the adoption of the relevant international aeronautical SARPs consistent with Article 37 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, taking into account instructs the Director of the Radiocommunication Bureau 4; 4 that administrations responsible for an FSS network providing UA CNPC links shall apply the relevant provisions of Articles 9 (necessary provisions need to be identified or developed) and 11 for the relevant assignments, including, as appropriate, assignments to the corresponding space station, specific * May also be used consistent with international standards and practices approved by the responsible civil aviation authority. 17 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 and typical earth station and earth station in motion on board UA, including the request for publication in the International Frequency Information Circular (BR IFIC) of items referred to in resolves 2 and the course of actions identified in that resolves in order to obtain international rights and recognition as specified in Article 8; 1.1.4 for the implementation of resolves 1.1.1, the notifying administration for the GSO FSS networks with which the CNPC UA ES communicate shall, in accordance with this Resolution, notify the assignments under No. 11.2 by sending to the Radiocommunication Bureau (BR) information on assignments for which the UG station class shall be applied or, alternatively, the relevant Appendix 4 notification information related to the characteristics of the CNPC UA ES intended to communicate with those GSO FSS networks, together with the commitment that the CNPC UA ES operation shall be in conformity with the Radio Regulations, including this Resolution; 1.1.5 operation of UAS CNPC links shall not adversely affect the existing and future satellite networks coordination agreements or the regular satellite coordination process; 1.2 with respect to terrestrial services in the frequency bands referred to in resolves 1, the notifying administration of the GSO FSS network shall ensure that its CNPC UA ES complies with the following conditions: 1.2.1 receiving CNPC UA ES in the frequency bands referred to in recognizing d) shall be designed and operated so as to be able to accept the interference without complaints under Article 15 from stations of terrestrial services to which the frequency band is allocated when those stations of terrestrial services operate in accordance with the Radio Regulations; 1.2.2 transmitting CNPC UA ES in the frequency bands referred to in recognizing e) shall be designed and operated so as to not cause harmful interference to stations of terrestrial services to which the frequency band is allocated when those terrestrial stations operate in accordance with the Radio Regulations, and Annex 2 (see instructs the Director of the Radiocommunication Bureau 1) to this Resolution shall apply so as to set the conditions for protecting terrestrial services from harmful interference in neighbouring countries in these frequency bands; 1.2.3 higher pfd levels than those provided in Annex 2 produced by CNPC UA ES on the surface of the Earth within any administration shall be subject to the prior agreement of that administration and such agreement shall not affect other countries that are not party to that agreement; 1.3 that, in order to protect the radio astronomy service in the frequency band 14.47-14.5 GHz, the notifying administration of the GSO FSS network operating CNPC UA ES in accordance with this Resolution in the frequency band 14-14.47 GHz within line-of-sight of radio astronomy stations are urged to take all practicable steps to ensure that the emissions from CNPC UA ES in the frequency band 14.47- 14.5 GHz do not exceed the level and percentage of data loss given in the most recent versions of Recommendations ITU-R RA.769 and ITU-R RA.1513; 5 that earth stations of UAS CNPC links shall operate within the notified and recorded technical parameters of the associated satellite network, including specific or typical earth stations of the GSO FSS network(s) as published by the Radiocommunication Bureau (BR); 6 that earth stations of UAS CNPC links shall not cause more interference to, or claim more protection from, other satellite networks and systems than specific or typical earth stations as indicated in resolves 5 as published by BR; 7 that, in order to apply resolves 6 above, administrations responsible for the FSS network to be used for UAS CNPC links shall provide the level of interference for the reference assignments of the network used for CNPC links upon request by an administration authorizing the use of UAS CNPC links within its territory; 18 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 8 that earth stations of UAS CNPC links of a particular FSS network shall not cause more interference to, or claim more protection from, stations of terrestrial services than specific or typical earth stations of that FSS network as indicated in resolves 5 that have been previously coordinated and/or notified under relevant provisions of Articles 9 and 11; 2 that CNPC UA ES: 2.1 using station class UG are permitted to communicate with a space station of a GSO FSS satellite network operating in the frequency bands listed in resolves 1 and limited to the frequency bands listed in resolves 1 when communicating with a space station of a GSO FSS satellite network under this Resolution; 9 that the use of 2.2 assignments of an FSS satellite network for UAS CNPC links shall not constrain other FSS satellite networks beyond those already imposed by typical earth stations associated with the network during the application of the provisions of Articles 9 and 11 nor 10 that the introduction of UAS CNPC links shall not result in additional coordination constraints on terrestrial services under Articles 9 and 11; 2.3 in the application of this Resolution does not provide a regulatory status different from that derived from the GSO FSS networks with which they communicate, taking into account the provisions referred to in this Resolution (see resolves 3.4); 11 that earth stations on board UA shall be designed and operated so as to be able to accept the interference caused by terrestrial services operating in conformity with the Radio Regulations in the frequency bands listed in resolves 1 without complaints under Article 15; 12 that earth stations on board UA shall be designed and operated so as to be able to operate with interference caused by other satellite networks resulting from application of Articles 9 and 11; 133 that, in order to ensure freedom from harmful interference, that may affect safety-of-flight operation of UAS, the notifying administrations of the GSO FSS network shall cooperate with the administration of the country in which the UA is registered responsible for operating UAS CNPC links shallto: –3.1 ensure that the use of UAS CNPC linksCNPC UA ES be is in accordance with international standards and recommended practices (SARPs) consistent with Article 37 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation; –3.2 take the required measures, consistent with No. 4.10, to ensure freedom from harmful interference to earth stations on board UACNPC UA ES and operated in accordance with this Resolution; –3.3 act immediately when their attention is drawn to any such harmful interference, as freedom from harmful interference to UAS CNPC linksCNPC UA ES is imperative to ensure their safe operation, taking into account resolves 11 1.2.1; –3.4 use assignments associated with the GSO FSS networks for UAS CNPC linksCNPC UA ES (see Figure 1 in Annex 1), including frequency assignments to space stations, specific or typical earth stations and earth stations on board UACNPC UA ES (see resolves 2.2), that have been successfully coordinated under Article 9 (including provisions identified in resolves 4 1.1.4) and recorded in the Master International Frequency Register (MIFR) with a favourable finding under Article 11, including Nos. 11.31, 11.32 or 11.32A where applicable, and except those frequency assignments that have not successfully completed coordination procedures under No. 11.32 by applying Appendix 5 § 6.d.i (see instructs the Director of the Radiocommunication Bureau 2); – ensure that real-time interference monitoring, estimation and prediction of interference risks and planning solutions for potential interference scenarios are addressed by FSS operators and UAS operators with guidance from aviation authorities; 19 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 14 that, unless otherwise agreed between the administrations concerned, UA CNPC earth stations shall not cause harmful interference to terrestrial services of other administrations (see also Annex 2 to this Resolution); 3.5 use techniques to maintain antenna pointing accuracy for the operation of CNPC UA ES with the associated GSO FSS satellites, without inadvertently tracking adjacent GSO satellites; 3.6 take all necessary measures so that CNPC UA ES are subject to permanent monitoring and control by a network control and monitoring centre (NCMC) or equivalent facility in order to comply with the provisions in this Resolution; 3.7 provide NCMC or equivalent facility permanent points of contact for the purpose of tracing any suspected cases of harmful interference from CNPC UA ES and to immediately respond to requests from the points of contact of authorizing administrations; 4 that the notifying administration of the GSO FSS network shall ensure 4.1 that the operation of CNPC UA ES within the territories, including territorial waters and territorial airspaces, of an administration shall be carried out only if authorized by that administration; 4.2 that the authorization to a UAS CNPC earth station to operate in the territory under the jurisdiction of another administration shall not release the notifying administration of the GSO FSS network with which UAS CNPC earth station communicates from the obligation to comply with the provisions included in this Resolution and those contained in the Radio Regulations, 15 that, in order to implement resolves 14 above, power flux-density (pfd) hard limits need to be developed for UAS CNPC links; possible examples of such provisional limits to protect the fixed service are provided in Annex 2; subject to agreement between the administrations concerned, that annex may be used for the implementation of this Resolution; 16 that the pfd hard limits provided in Annex 2 shall be reviewed and, if necessary, revised by WRC-231; 17 that, in order to protect the radio astronomy service in the frequency band 14.47-14.5 GHz, administrations operating UAS in accordance with this Resolution in the frequency band 14-14.47 GHz within line-of-sight of radio astronomy stations are urged to take all practicable steps to ensure that the emissions from the UA in the frequency band 14.47-14.5 GHz do not exceed the levels and percentage of data loss given in the most recent versions of Recommendations ITU-R RA.769 and ITU-R RA.1513; 18 to consider the progress obtained by ICAO in the process of preparation of SARPs for UAS CNPC links, to review this Resolution at WRC-23, taking into account the results of the implementation of Resolution 156 (WRC-15), and to take necessary actions as appropriate; 19 that the ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) studies on technical, operational and regulatory aspects in relation to the implementation of this Resolution shall be completed, together with the adoption of relevant ITU-R Recommendations defining the technical characteristics of CNPC links and conditions of sharing with other services, encourages administrations 1 to provide the relevant information where available in order to facilitate the application of resolves 6; 1 WRC-19 received a proposal from one regional organization regarding protection of the fixed service using a revised pfd mask as contained in Annex 2 section b). ITU-R is invited, in continuing its study on the implementation of this Resolution, to consider this mask and take necessary action as appropriate. 20 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 2 to participate actively in the studies referred to in invites the ITU Radiocommunication Sector by submitting contributions to ITU-R, invites the 2023 World Radiocommunication Conference to consider the results of the above studies referred to in this Resolution with a view to reviewing and, if necessary, revising this Resolution, and take necessary actions, as appropriate, invites the ITU Radiocommunication Sector to conduct, as a matter of urgency, relevant studies of technical, operational and regulatory aspects in relation to the implementation of this Resolution1, instructs the Director of the Radiocommunication Bureau 1 upon receipt of the notification information referred to in resolves 1.1.4, the BR shall examine it with respect to conformity with resolves 1.1.1, the commitment received as required by resolves 1.1.4, conformity with resolves 3.4, and commitment to the conformity with the power flux-density (pfd) limits on the Earth’s surface specified in Annex 2 and with any agreements obtained as referred to in resolves 1.2.3; 2 if the finding from the examination in instructs 1 is favourable, the BR shall publish the modified or additional assignment along with the results of such examinations in the International Frequency Information Circular (BR IFIC) and the modified or additional assignment shall retain the priority date of protection with that of the existing assignment, to examine the relevant part of this Resolution requiring actions to be taken by administrations to implement this Resolution, with a view to sending it to administrations and posting it on the ITU website; 2 to present to subsequent WRCs a progress report relating to the implementation of this Resolution; 3 to define a new class of station in order to be able to process satellite network filings submitted by administrations for earth stations providing UA CNPC links, after the Resolution is implemented, in accordance with this Resolution, and publish the information as referred to in resolves 4; 4 not to process satellite network filing submissions by administrations with a new class of a station for earth stations providing UA CNPC links before resolves 1-12 and 14-19 of this Resolution are implemented; 5 to report to subsequent WRCs on the progress made by ICAO on the development of SARPs for UAS CNPC links, instructs the Secretary-General to bring this Resolution to the attention of the Secretary General of ICAO, invites the International Civil Aviation Organization to provide to the Director of BR, in time for WRC-23, information on ICAO efforts regarding implementation of UAS CNPC links, including the information related to the development of SARPs for UAS CNPC links. 21 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 ANNEX 1 TO RESOLUTION 155 (REV.WRC-19) UAS CNPC links FIGURE 1 Elements of UAS architecture using the FSS 22 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 23 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 ANNEX 2 TO RESOLUTION 155 (REV.WRC-1923) Protection of the fixed terrestrial services from UAS CNPC UA ES emissions a) Example provided to WRC-15 The fixed service is allocated by table entries and footnotes in several countries with co-primary status with FSS. Conditions of UA using CNPC shall be such that the fixed service is protected from any harmful interference as follows: An earth station on board UA in the frequency band 14.0-14.47 GHz shall comply with provisional power flux-density (pfd) limits described below: −132 + 0.5 · θ dB(W/(m2 · MHz)) for 0° ≤ θ ≤ 40° −112 dB(W/(m2 · MHz)) for 40° < θ ≤ 90° where θ is the angle of arrival of the radio-frequency wave (degrees above the horizontal). NOTE – The aforementioned limits relate to the pfd and angles of arrival that would be obtained under free-space propagation conditions. b) Example provided to WRC-19 An earth station on board UA in the frequency band 14.0-14.3 GHz shall comply with the pfd limits described below, on the territory of countries listed in No. 5.505: 2 15log 0.9   124 dB W/ m  MHz for 0° ≤ θ ≤ 90° where θ is the angle of arrival of the radio-frequency wave (degrees above the horizontal). An earth station on board UA: – in the frequency band 14.25-14.3 GHz on the territory of countries listed in No. 5.508; – in the frequency band 14.3-14.4 GHz in Regions 1 and 3; – in the frequency band 14.4-14.47 GHz worldwide, shall comply with the pfd limits described below: 2 15log 0.9   133.5dB W/ m  MHz for 0° ≤ θ ≤ 90° where θ is the angle of arrival of the radio-frequency wave (degrees above the horizontal). NOTE – The aforementioned limits relate to the pfd and angles of arrival that would be obtained under free-space propagation conditions. Reason: Modifications to Resolution 155 (Rev.WRC-19) removes provisions that are no longer required, improves clarity on actionable responsibilities, and eliminates duplications. MOD USA/1.8/8 24 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 APPENDIX 4 (REV.WRC-19) Consolidated list and tables of characteristics for use in the application of the procedures of Chapter III ANNEX 2 Characteristics of satellite networks, earth stations 2 or radio astronomy stations (Rev.WRC-12) Table of characteristics to be submitted for space and radio astronomy services (Rev.WRC -12) TABLE A GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SATELLITE NETWORK OR SYSTEM, EARTH STATION OR RADIO ASTRONOMY STATION (Rev.WRC-19) 25 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 - - ry ionary tat _ geos geostationa - - A GENERAL 4and 5) r 30B) r CHARACTERISTICS OF 9 9 THE SATELLITE o A NETWORK, satellite network EARTH STATION OR - 30 (Articles 30 (Articles of Article of Article RADIO ASTRONOMY satellite network satellite network under Section II underII Section underII Section Radio astronomy astronomy Radio (Articles 4 and 5) 4and (Articles5) 6and (Articles8) Items in Appendix Appendix Items in Items in Appendix in Items Appendix STATION Appendices 30 Appendices of Appendices 30 or 30A) or30A) 30 of Appendices Notice for a satellite network asatellite network Notice for Appendix geostationary Notification or coordination of a of Notification or coordination (feeder-link) under Appendix 30A 30A Appendix (feeder-link) under Notice for a satellite network in the the in asatellite network Notice for broadcasting-satellite service under under broadcasting-satellite service station (including notification under under notification station (including 30B Appendix satellite under service Notification or coordination of a of non- Notification or coordination Notification or coordination of an earth anof earth Notification or coordination Advance publication of a geostationary- ageostationary- of publication Advance to coordination satellitesubject network Notice for a satellite network in the fixed-the in asatellite network Notice for geostationary-satellite network (including (including network geostationary-satellite space operation functions under Article 2AArticle under functions space operation satellite network not subject to coordination to coordination subject satellitenot network Advance publication of aof non publication Advance aof non publication Advance * * * * * * * * * A.25 COMPLIANCE WITH NOTIFICATION OF GSO FSS NETWORKS USING CNPC UA ES (CONTROL AND NON- PAYLOAD COMMUNICATIONS USING EARTH STATIONS ONBOARD UNMANNED AIRCRAFT COMMUNICATING WITH A GSO FSS SATELLITE NETWORK) A.25.a information on satellite A.25.a network assignments for which the UG station class shall be applied Required only for (1) the bands listed in resolves 1 of Resolution 155 (Rev.WRC-23), when a CNPC UA earth station in the fixed-satellite service + communicates with a space station in the fixed-satellite service and (2) when not submitting Appendix 4 notification information in accordance with resolves 1.1.4 of Resolution 155 (Rev.WRC-23) 26 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 - - ry ionary tat _ geos geostationa - - A GENERAL 4and 5) r 30B) r CHARACTERISTICS OF 9 9 THE SATELLITE o A NETWORK, satellite network EARTH STATION OR - 30 (Articles 30 (Articles of Article of Article RADIO ASTRONOMY satellite network satellite network under Section II underII Section underII Section Radio astronomy astronomy Radio (Articles 4 and 5) 4and (Articles5) 6and (Articles8) Items in Appendix Appendix Items in Items in Appendix in Items Appendix STATION Appendices 30 Appendices of Appendices 30 or 30A) or30A) 30 of Appendices Notice for a satellite network asatellite network Notice for Appendix geostationary Notification or coordination of a of Notification or coordination (feeder-link) under Appendix 30A 30A Appendix (feeder-link) under Notice for a satellite network in the the in asatellite network Notice for broadcasting-satellite service under under broadcasting-satellite service station (including notification under under notification station (including 30B Appendix satellite under service Notification or coordination of a of non- Notification or coordination Notification or coordination of an earth anof earth Notification or coordination Advance publication of a geostationary- ageostationary- of publication Advance to coordination satellitesubject network Notice for a satellite network in the fixed-the in asatellite network Notice for geostationary-satellite network (including (including network geostationary-satellite space operation functions under Article 2AArticle under functions space operation satellite network not subject to coordination to coordination subject satellitenot network Advance publication of aof non publication Advance aof non publication Advance A.25.b a commitment that the A.25.b that the CNPC UA ES operation shall be in conformity with the required commitment in resolves 1.1.4 of Resolution 155 (Rev.WRC-23) Required only for the bands listed in + resolves 1 of Resolution 155 (Rev.WRC-23), when a CNPC UA earth station in the fixed-satellite service communicates with a space station in the fixed-satellite service A.26.c information on Network A.26.c Control and Monitoring Centre NCMC or equivalent facility permanent points of contact consistent with resolves 3.7 of Resolution 155 (Rev.WRC-23) Required only for the + bands listed in resolves 1 of Resolution 155 (Rev.WRC-23), when a CNPC UA earth station in the fixed-satellite service communicates with a space station in the fixed-satellite service 27 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 - - ry ionary tat _ geos geostationa - - A GENERAL 4and 5) r 30B) r CHARACTERISTICS OF 9 9 THE SATELLITE o A NETWORK, satellite network EARTH STATION OR - 30 (Articles 30 (Articles of Article of Article RADIO ASTRONOMY satellite network satellite network under Section II underII Section underII Section Radio astronomy astronomy Radio (Articles 4 and 5) 4and (Articles5) 6and (Articles8) Items in Appendix Appendix Items in Items in Appendix in Items Appendix STATION Appendices 30 Appendices of Appendices 30 or 30A) or30A) 30 of Appendices Notice for a satellite network asatellite network Notice for Appendix geostationary Notification or coordination of a of Notification or coordination (feeder-link) under Appendix 30A 30A Appendix (feeder-link) under Notice for a satellite network in the the in asatellite network Notice for broadcasting-satellite service under under broadcasting-satellite service station (including notification under under notification station (including 30B Appendix satellite under service Notification or coordination of a of non- Notification or coordination Notification or coordination of an earth anof earth Notification or coordination Advance publication of a geostationary- ageostationary- of publication Advance to coordination satellitesubject network Notice for a satellite network in the fixed-the in asatellite network Notice for geostationary-satellite network (including (including network geostationary-satellite space operation functions under Article 2AArticle under functions space operation satellite network not subject to coordination to coordination subject satellitenot network Advance publication of aof non publication Advance aof non publication Advance A.26.d a commitment that unless A.26.d an agreement is received pursuant to resolves 1.2.3 of Resolution 155 (Rev.WRC-23) that the notifying administration shall meet the PFD limits in Annex 2 of Resolution 155 (Rev.WRC-23) Required only for the + bands and territories listed in recognizing e) of Resolution 155 (Rev.WRC-23) when a CNPC UA earth station in the fixed-satellite service communicates with a space station in the fixed-satellite service SUP USA/1.8/9 RESOLUTION 171 (WRC-19) Review and possible revision of Resolution 155 (Rev.WRC-19) and No. 5.484B in the frequency bands to which they apply Reason: Consequential action. __________________________ 28 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 WAC-23/055 (08.22.2022) WRC-23 Agenda Item 1.10 IWG-1 Update WRC-23 agenda item 1.10 seeks to address possible new allocations for the aeronautical mobile service for the use of non-safety aeronautical mobile applications. IWG-1 has continued discussions on this agenda item for several meetings but has not developed any recommended preliminary views or proposals to date. IWG-1 reviewed document WAC-23/051 (08.22.2022) containing the NTIA RCS proposal for agenda item 1.10 but offers no further views or comments to the FCC on this document at this time. ______________ 29 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 WAC-23/056 (08.22.2022) UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DRAFT PROPOSALS FOR THE WORK OF THE CONFERENCE AGENDA ITEM 1.11: to consider possible regulatory actions to support the modernization of the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System and the implementation of e-navigation, in accordance with Resolution 361 (Rev.WRC-19); BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Resolves 3 of Resolution 361 (Rev.WRC-19) invites WRC-23, to consider regulatory provisions, if any, based on the results of ITU-R studies referred to in invites the ITU Radiocommunication Sector, to support the introduction of additional satellite systems into the GMDSS. An additional GSO MSS system is being considered by the IMO to provide satellite communication within GMDSS on a regional, uses primary MSS allocations within the frequency bands 1 610-1 626.5 MHz (Earth-to-space) and 2 483.5-2 500 MHz (space-to-Earth). The primary MSS allocations in those bands are also used by other non-GSO MSS systems operating on a worldwide basis. Frequency coordination of the GSO MSS system has not been completed with the existing non- GSO MSS systems with date priority, nor with terrestrial services in some countries. This lack of coordination raises concern that:  There is potential harmful interference caused by the GSO MSS, including to on non-GSO system providing GMDSS safety-of-life services. In the event that harmful interference is caused by the GSO MSS system into those satellite systems and terrestrial services, such interference must be immediately eliminated (see RR No. 11.42). However, interference mitigation procedures would occur after harmful interference has already occurred. Interference causes to existing GMDSS services could be life threatening.  There is also potential for harmful interference to be caused to the candidate GMDSS GSO MSS. In the event that harmful interference is received by the GSO MSS system, from global non-GSO MSS systems with date priority and terrestrial services in some countries and other allocated services, such interference must be accepted. In this situation, GMDSS services from the candidate GSO MSS system will not be protected. This is not suitable for a safety service. Further, Resolves 3 of Resolution 361 (Rev.WRC-19) requires that activities of the IMO are taken into account to determine the disposition of this agenda item. Only the IMO can recognize and administer systems participating in its GMDSS. If the IMO does not recognize a system, 30 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 there is no need to change the Radio Regulations to accommodate a system the IMO does not recognize. Proposal: For Issue C: Introduction of additional satellite systems into the Global Maritime Distress Safety System NOC USA/1.11/1 Radio Regulations Volumes 1 and 2 No change to the Radio Regulations. Suppress resolves 3 of Resolution 361 (Rev.WRC-19). Reasons: The IMO has not recognized the subject satellite network, and the conditions for making changes under resolves 3 of Resolution 361 have not been met: (1) The IMO has not recognized the proposed satellite network for participation in the GMDSS. Without this approval, the satellite network cannot provide GMDSS, and so there is no need to modify the Radio Regulations. (2) Spectrum needs for a new GMDSS system have not been identified. Resolves 3 of Resolution 361 invites ITU-R to, among other things, determine the spectrum needs for a new satellite GMDSS system but this has not been undertaken. (3) Frequency coordination under Article 9 of the Radio Regulations has not been completed. Without successful coordination of the proposed system, it does not receive protection. Provisions of Article 9 of the Radio Regulations require completion of coordination in order to provide any degree of protection from harmful interference for the satellite GMDSS system from existing MSS satellite systems with higher priority operating in the same frequency bands. The administration responsible for the proposed additional satellite GMDSS system has not completed Article 9 satellite coordination successfully, and consequently the proposed network is not entitled to protection from harmful interference. Further, in the case of harmful interference to other notified satellite networks operating in the frequency bands considered, the GMDSS system would be required to terminate its services immediately and would not be able to provide a service to its users in the frequency bands considered. SUP USA/1.11/2 31 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 RESOLUTION 361 (REV.WRC-19) Consideration of possible regulatory actions to support modernization of the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System and the implementation of e-navigation Reasons: Considering that studies under resolves 3, Resolution 361 (REV.WRC-19) are complete and that the conditions listed above are not met, this Resolution is proposed to be suppressed with respect to resolves 3, Resolution 361 (REV.WRC-19) ______________ 32 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 WAC 57 (09.12.2022) WRC-23 Agenda Item 1.2 With Respect to the 3300-3400 MHz and 3600-3800 MHz frequency bands IWG-2 members were not able to reach consensus on a proposal for WRC-23 agenda item (AI) 1.2 with respect to the 3300-3400 MHz and 3600-3800 MHz frequency bands and, therefore, forwards three views on how the FCC should handle this matter. View A addresses AI 1.2 for the 3300-3400 MHz and 3600-3800 MHz bands. This proposal would identify the full 3300 – 3800 MHz tuning range for IMT in Region 2, aligning it with the 3GPP standardized band class for 5G (n77 or 3300 – 4200 MHz). View A proposes to upgrade the mobile service to primary status in the 3300-3400 MHz band with the condition of not causing harmful interference to, or claim protection from, stations operating in the radiolocation service; the 3300- 3400 MHz band is also proposed to be identified for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) on a regional basis. This proposal enables the United States (US) the flexibility to use the band for future 5G operations while maintaining the same regulatory provisions agreed at WRC-15 to ensure the protection of U.S. government radar operations from cross-border interference. For the 3600 – 3800 MHz band, this proposal identifies the band for IMT on a regional basis, consistent with the FCC’s Citizens Broadband Radio Service and C-Band rules. Given the existing mobile allocation, this proposal adds no additional regulatory burden to the use of the band, which is essential as recent auction winners continue to build out this critical mid-band 5G spectrum that will support fast, reliable and ubiquitous service. By identifying the band for IMT, the FCC would support harmonizing its 5G actions throughout the region, promoting solutions to bridge the digital divide by bringing the promise of next-generation wireless services for everyone, everywhere and bringing the consumer benefits of economies of scale. View A is supported by AT&T, CTIA, Ericsson, GSMA, Nokia, Qualcomm, Samsung, and Verizon. Also, T-Mobile supports the proposal for the 3300 – 3400 MHz band. View B addresses AI 1.2 for the 3600 -3800 MHz band. The proposal identifies the 3600-3700 MHz band regionally and 3700-3800 MHz by country footnote to IMT. The reason for the country footnote approach in the 3700-3800 MHz is that U.S. licensed satellites provide service in that band across Region 2 as well as in Alaska, Hawaii and US territories. View B also maintains a power flux density (PFD) at country borders to provide a level of protection to Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) receive earth station in neighbouring countries but also allows the PFD to be exceeded in countries that so agree. This proposal reflects the reality of the use of the band across Region 2, where some countries continue to use the band to provide FSS and other have allowed/deployed IMT systems. The proposal is aligned with Resolution 245 that states identification of frequency bands for IMT should take into account the use of the frequency bands by other services and the evolving needs of these services. View B is supported by Intelsat, National Association of Broadcasters, One Media 3.0, LLC, and SES Americom. View C addresses the 3300-3400 MHz band recommending that the U.S. adopt no change to the table of allocations and no change to footnotes Radio Regulations (RR) Nos. 5.429C and 5.429D under AI 1.2. The reason is that (1) ITU-R sharing studies show that IMT and radiolocation coexistence is not possible in the same or nearby geographical areas requiring very large separation distances and as such IMT deployments in one country would impact radiolocation in other countries and (2) the U.S., domestically, has not made a determination as to whether or how a mobile use would operate within the 3300-3400 MHz band. The National Spectrum Consortium established the PATHSS Task Group drawing upon the expertise of a cross-section of participants who represent the wireless and the aerospace and defense industries to study this band to develop innovative solutions that may be possible given that traditional 33 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 ITU-R sharing mechanisms are not feasible. Any uniquely formulated implementation of mobile use in the U.S. is unlikely to be duplicated internationally. Without a clear and effective mechanism in place to protect radiolocation of one country from mobile/IMT operations of another, there is no basis for the U.S. to pursue a 3300-3400 MHz regional mobile co-primary allocation or regional IMT identification and should not drive international policy that could potentially expand mobile/IMT deployments in the band. View C is supported by Lockheed Martin. 34 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 VIEW A: Draft United States of America PROPOSALS FOR THE WORK OF THE CONFERENCE Agenda item 1.2 Agenda item 1.2: to consider identification of the frequency bands 3 300-3 400 MHz, 3 600-3 800 MHz, 6 425-7 025 MHz, 7 025-7 125 MHz and 10.0-10.5 GHz for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT), including possible additional allocations to the mobile service on a primary basis, in accordance with Resolution 245 (WRC-19); BACKGROUND Source: GT/CMR-23/doc.022r1 Mobile broadband plays a crucial and fundamental role in providing access to information for businesses and consumers worldwide. Mobile broadband users are also demanding higher data rates and are increasingly using mobile devices to access audio-visual content. The mobile industry continues to drive technological innovations in order to meet these evolving user demands. In 2020, the first year of the pandemic, the number of Internet users grew by 10.2 per cent, the largest increase in a decade, driven by developing countries where Internet use went up 13.3 per cent. According to ITU estimates, the number of active mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants continues to grow strongly, reaching 110 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, including a record number of mobile subscriptions with broadband capacity (3G or better).1 Ninety-five percent of the world’s population lives within reach of a mobile broadband service, and the relatively small difference in the number of subscriptions between developed and developing countries demonstrates that connectivity is a priority among people in countries at all levels of development.2 The evolution of International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT), which provides wireless telecommunication services on a worldwide scale, has contributed to global economic and social development. IMT systems are now being evolved to provide applications such as enhanced mobile broadband, massive machine-type communications and ultra-reliable and low-latency communications. 1 https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/facts/FactsFigures2021.pdf 2 https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/facts/FactsFigures2021.pdf 35 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 The demand for mobile wireless broadband applications such as IMT continues to grow dramatically as does the need for access to radio spectrum to support that growth.3 In November 2015, ITU-R approved Recommendation ITU-R M.2083 “Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2020”, which highlights three key usage scenarios for IMT-2020: enhanced mobile broadband, massive machine type communications, and ultra-reliable and low latency communications. The success of these usage scenarios, in both developed and developing countries, will rely on both spectrum availability for the terrestrial IMT-2020 systems and the support of high capacity backhaul capabilities (including fiber, wireless, satellite and microwave solutions). Fifth generation (5G) provides improved data rates and reduced latency. Importantly 5G has been designed to enable capabilities in a wide range of industries including healthcare, transportation, manufacturing, education, and telemedicine; 5G is expected to have a broad impact on our economies and societies. Recognizing the need to consider additional mid-band spectrum bands – with its favourable mix of coverage and capacity - in the range 3 300 MHz to 10.5 GHz to support the terrestrial component of IMT, WRC-19 approved WRC-23 agenda item 1.2. ITU-R, standards development organizations, and industry continue to progress the work on the development of IMT-2020. Beyond the results of both WRC-15 and WRC-19, the challenge for the future is now to focus efforts on the frequency range 3 300 MHz to 10.5 GHz. This is a great opportunity to meet the technical and spectral needs for the future development of IMT-2020 systems, better known as 5G. WRC-23 agenda item 1.2 (Resolution 245 (WRC-19)) calls for sharing and compatibility studies, with a view to ensuring the protection of services to which the frequency band is allocated on a primary basis, without imposing additional regulatory or technical constraints on those services, and also, as appropriate, on services in adjacent bands, for the frequency bands: – 3 300-3 400 MHz and 3 600-3 800 MHz and (Region 2); – 3 300-3 400 MHz (amend footnote in Region 1); – 7 025-7 125 MHz (globally); – 6 425-7 025 MHz (Region 1); – 10.0-10.5 GHz (Region 2). 3 300 – 3 400 MHz The 3300 – 3400 MHz frequency band is part of a globally-standardized band for 5G. 3GPP has specifications (n77 or 3.3-4.2 GHz band) for the operation of both Long- Term Evolution (LTE) and 5G NR in these bands and there are already significant deployments worldwide along with the required ecosystem to enable those deployments. Seventy percent or nearly 140 operators are investing their 5G deployments in this range. The 3300 – 3400 MHz band is also included in existing frequency arrangements harmonized in CITEL4 and the ITU-R5. In Region 2, the Radio Regulations footnote Nos. 5.429C and 5.429D provide primary allocations to the Mobile Service and identification for IMT respectively, while in other regions there are primary allocations to the Mobile Service via Nos. 5.429, Nos. 5.429A, and Nos. 5.429C, with identifications to IMT via Nos. 5.429B and Nos. 5.429E. 3 Ericsson predicts that total mobile traffic is expected to increase by a factor of five over the next six years, reaching 164 exabytes per month by the end of 2025. Ericsson reports that today, smartphones generate about 95% of total mobile data traffic, and that by 2025, 5G networks will carry about half of the world’s mobile data traffic. See Ericsson, Mobility Report at 20 (2020), https://www.ericsson.com/49da93/assets/local/mobility-report/documents/2020/june2020-ericsson-mobility-report.pdf. Cisco estimates that, by 2022, 22% of global internet traffic will come from mobile networks, up from 12% in 2017. See Cisco Systems Inc., Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2017-2022 White Paper (2019), https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service- provider/visual-networking-index-vni/white-paper-c11-738429.html. 4 PCC.II/REC.54 (XXIX-17) 5 Rec. ITU-R M.1036-6 (10/2019) 36 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 The United States uses the band 3 300-3 500 MHz for operating various types of government high- resolution/powered shipborne, land-based, and aeronautical mobile radar systems. ITU-R sharing studies indicated that separation distances and/or exclusion zones are required in the proximity of these radars to ensure their protection. 3 600 – 3 800 MHz The 3 600 – 3 800 MHz frequency band is part of a globally-standardized band for 5G. 3GPP has specifications (n77 or 3.3-4.2 GHz band) for the operation of both Long- Term Evolution (LTE) and 5G NR in these bands and there are already significant deployments worldwide along with the required ecosystem to enable those deployments. The 3 600- 3 800 MHz frequency band is globally allocated to the Fixed-Satellite Service (FSS) (space-to-Earth) on a co-primary basis with Fixed and Mobile services in Region 2. GSO FSS satellites have and continue to provide services across the Americas. C-band GSO satellites provide services including distribution of television and radio broadcasting programs, telephone and data services to consumers, back-haul to mobile terrestrial operators, and feeder links for mobile-satellite services. Additionally, C-band is used for reception of essential telemetry FSS satellite signals.6 In the United States the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), as part of its efforts to facilitate 5G network deployments and ensure the continued access for C-band spectrum for FSS services, adopted new rules and auctioned 280 MHz of spectrum in the 3700 – 3980 MHz in the contiguous United States and maintained 200 MHz for FSS operations in the 4000-4200 MHz band. In Alaska, Hawaii, and insular territories, where dependence on C-band FSS services is more significant, the full 3700-4200 MHz band continues to be used to deliver FSS. ITU-R sharing studies have indicated separation distances (e.g. 7.5 - 26 km) are required to ensure the protection of FSS earth station receivers from terrestrial IMT operations. Cross-border coordination between IMT and the FSS is feasible when the deployment of IMT is limited to the areas outside of the required separation distances for each azimuth to protect each specific FSS earth stations. In the case of bilateral coordination, the FSS protection criteria along with the FSS antenna elevation angle, should be used to determine the necessary separation distances to ensure protection of FSS earth stations. PROPOSALS Source: GT/CMR-23/doc.022r1 ARTICLE 5 Frequency allocations Section IV – Table of Frequency Allocations (See No. 2.1) MOD DIAP/1.2(3.3-3.4GHz)/1 Supports: B, EQA, USA 6 See Expanding Flexible Use of the 3.7-4.2 GHz Band, Report and Order and Order of Proposed Modification, FCC 20-22, at para. 9 (rel. Mar. 3, 2020) (“FCC C-Band Order”), https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/FCC-20-22A1.pdf. 37 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 2 700-3 600 MHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 3 300-3 400 3 300-3 400 3 300-3 400 RADIOLOCATION RADIOLOCATION RADIOLOCATION MOBILE ADD 5.12A1 MOD Amateur 5.429D Amateur Fixed Mobile 5.149 5.429 5.429A 5.429B 5.430 5.149 MOD 5.429C 5.429D 5.149 5.429 5.429E 5.429F Reasons: The identification of mid-band frequency spectrum for IMT is essential to be able to address digitalization (e.g., sustainable smart cities, industries) and reduce the digital divide in the Americas. MOD DIAP/1.2(3.3-3.4GHz)/2 Supports: B, EQA, USA 5.429C Different category of service: in Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay and Uruguay, the frequency band 3 300-3 400 MHz is allocated to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service on a primary basis. In Argentina, Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay and Uruguay, the frequency band 3 300-3 400 MHz is also allocated to the fixed service on a primary basis. Stations in the fixed and mobile services operating in the frequency band 3 300-3 400 MHz shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection from, stations operating in the radiolocation service. (WRC-1923) Reasons: The identification of mid-band frequency spectrum for IMT is essential to be able to address digitalization (e.g., sustainable smart cities, industries) and reduce the digital divide in the Americas. MOD DIAP/1.2(3.3-3.4GHz)/3 Supports: [B], [EQA], USA 5.429D In the following countries in Region 2: Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay and Uruguay, the use of the frequency band 3 300-3 400 MHz is identified for the implementation of International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT). Such use shall be in accordance with Resolution 223 (Rev.WRC-19). [This use in Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay is subject to the application of No. 9.21.] The use of the frequency band 3 300-3 400 MHz by IMT stations in the mobile service shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection from, systems in the radiolocation service, and administrations wishing to implement IMT shall obtain the agreement of neighboring countries to protect operations within the radiolocation service. This identification does not preclude the use of this frequency band by any application of the services to which it is allocated and does not establish priority in the Radio Regulations. (WRC-1923) 38 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 Reason: Modification to the RR 5.429D to extend it to the entire Region 2. ADD DIAP/1.2(3.3-3.4GHz)/4 Supports: B, EQA, USA 5.12AI Stations in the mobile service operating in the frequency band 3 300-3 400 MHz in Region 2 shall not cause harmful interference to, or claim protection from, stations operating in the radiolocation service. (WRC-2319) Reasons: The identification of mid-band frequency spectrum for IMT is essential to be able to address digitalization (e.g., sustainable smart cities, industries) and reduce the digital divide in the Americas. MOD PP/1.2(3.6-3.8GHz)/5 Supports: CAN, USA 3 600-4 800 MHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 3 600-4 200 3 600-3 700 3 600-3 700 FIXED FIXED FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to- FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to- (space-to-Earth) Earth) Earth) Mobile MOBILE except aeronautical MOBILE except aeronautical mobile MOD 5.434 mobile Radiolocation 5.433 Radiolocation 5.435 3 700-3 800 3 700-3 800 FIXED FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to- FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to- Earth) Earth) MOBILE except aeronautical MOBILE except aeronautical mobile MOD 5.434 mobile 3 7800-4 200 FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) MOBILE except aeronautical mobile 4 200-4 400 AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R) 5.436 AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION 5.438 5.437 5.439 5.440 4 400-4 500 FIXED MOBILE 5.440A 4 500-4 800 FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) 5.441 MOBILE 5.440A 39 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 Reasons: The identification of sufficient mid-band frequency spectrum for IMT is essential to be able to address digitalization (e.g., sustainable smart cities, industries) and reduce the digital divide in the Americas. MOD PP/1.2(3.6-3.8GHz)/7 5.434 In Region 2Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, the United States and Paraguay, the frequency band 3 600-3 7800 MHz, or portions thereof, is identified for use by these administrations wishing to implement International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT). This identification does not preclude the use of this frequency band by any application of the services to which it is allocated and does not establish priority in the Radio Regulations. At the stage of coordination the provisions of Nos. 9.17 and 9.18 also apply. Before an administration brings into use a base or mobile station of an IMT system, it shall seek agreement under No. 9.21 with other administrations and ensure that the power flux-density (pfd) produced at 3 m above ground does not exceed −154.5 dB(W/(m2 ⋅ 4 kHz)) for more than 20% of time at the border of the territory of any other administration. This limit may be exceeded on the territory of any country whose administration has so agreed. In order to ensure that the pfd limit at the border of the territory of any other administration is met, the calculations and verification shall be made, taking into account all relevant information, with the mutual agreement of both administrations (the administration responsible for the terrestrial station and the administration responsible for the earth station), with the assistance of the Bureau if so requested. In case of disagreement, the calculation and verification of the pfd shall be made by the Bureau, taking into account the information referred to above. Stations of the mobile service, including IMT systems, in the frequency band 3 600-3 8700 MHz shall not claim more protection from space stations than that provided in Table 21-4 of the Radio Regulations (Edition of 2004). (WRC-2319) Reasons: The identification of sufficient mid-band frequency spectrum for IMT is essential to be able to address digitalization (e.g., sustainable smart cities, industries) and reduce the digital divide in the Americas. _________________________ 40 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 VIEW B: Draft United States of America PROPOSALS FOR THE WORK OF THE CONFERENCE Agenda item 1.2 Agenda item 1.2: to consider identification of the frequency bands 3 300-3 400 MHz, 3 600-3 800 MHz, 6 425-7 025 MHz, 7 025-7 125 MHz and 10.0-10.5 GHz for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT), including possible additional allocations to the mobile service on a primary basis, in accordance with Resolution 245 (WRC-19); BACKGROUND Source: GT/CMR-23/doc.022r1 Mobile broadband plays a crucial and fundamental role in providing access to information for businesses and consumers worldwide. Mobile broadband users are also demanding higher data rates and are increasingly using mobile devices to access audio-visual content. The mobile industry continues to drive technological innovations in order to meet these evolving user demands. In 2020, the first year of the pandemic, the number of Internet users grew by 10.2 per cent, the largest increase in a decade, driven by developing countries where Internet use went up 13.3 per cent. According to ITU estimates, the number of active mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants continues to grow strongly, reaching 110 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, including a record number of mobile subscriptions with broadband capacity (3G or better).1 Ninety-five percent of the world’s population lives within reach of a mobile broadband service, and the relatively small difference in the number of subscriptions between developed and developing countries demonstrates that connectivity is a priority among people in countries at all levels of development.2 The evolution of International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT), which provides wireless telecommunication services on a worldwide scale, has contributed to global economic and social development. IMT systems are now being evolved to provide applications such as enhanced mobile broadband, massive machine-type communications and ultra-reliable and low-latency communications. The demand for mobile wireless broadband applications such as IMT continues to grow dramatically as does the need for access to radio spectrum to support that growth.3 In November 2015, ITU-R approved 1 https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/facts/FactsFigures2021.pdf 2 https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/facts/FactsFigures2021.pdf 3 Ericsson predicts that total mobile traffic is expected to increase by a factor of five over the next six years, reaching 164 exabytes per month by the end of 2025. Ericsson reports that today, smartphones generate about 95% of total mobile data traffic, and that by 2025, 5G networks will carry about half of the 41 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 Recommendation ITU-R M.2083 “Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2020”, which highlights three key usage scenarios for IMT-2020: enhanced mobile broadband, massive machine type communications, and ultra-reliable and low latency communications. The success of these usage scenarios, in both developed and developing countries, will rely on both spectrum availability for the terrestrial IMT-2020 systems and the support of high capacity backhaul capabilities (including fiber, wireless, satellite and microwave solutions). Fifth generation (5G) provides improved data rates and reduced latency. Importantly 5G has been designed to enable capabilities in a wide range of industries including healthcare, transportation, manufacturing, education, and telemedicine; 5G is expected to have a broad impact on our economies and societies. Recognizing the need to consider additional mid-band spectrum bands -with its favourable mix of coverage and capacity- in the range 3 300 MHz to 10.5 GHz to support the terrestrial component of IMT, WRC-19 approved WRC-23 agenda item 1.2. ITU-R, standards development organizations, and industry continue to progress the work on the development of IMT-2020. Beyond the results of both WRC-15 and WRC-19, the challenge for the future is now to focus efforts on the frequency range 3 300 MHz to 10.5 GHz. This is a great opportunity to meet the technical and spectral needs for the future development of IMT-2020 systems, better known as 5G. WRC-23 agenda item 1.2 (Resolution 245 (WRC-19)) calls for sharing and compatibility studies, with a view to ensuring the protection of services to which the frequency band is allocated on a primary basis, without imposing additional regulatory or technical constraints on those services, and also, as appropriate, on services in adjacent bands, for the frequency bands: – 3 300-3 400 MHz and 3 600-3 800 MHz and (Region 2); – 3 300-3 400 MHz (amend footnote in Region 1); – 7 025-7 125 MHz (globally); – 6 425-7 025 MHz (Region 1); – 10.0-10.5 GHz (Region 2). 3 600 – 3 800 MHz The 3400-4200 MHz frequency band is globally allocated to the Fixed-Satellite Service (FSS) (space- to-Earth) on a co-primary basis with Fixed and Mobile services in Region 2. GSO FSS satellites have and continue to provide services across the Americas. C-band GSO satellites provide services including distribution of television and radio broadcasting programs, telephone and data services to consumers, back-haul to mobile terrestrial operators, and feeder links for mobile-satellite services. Additionally, C-band is used for reception of essential telemetry FSS satellite signals.4 In Alaska, Hawaii, and insular U.S. territories, C-band satellite services are more extensively used and relied upon for an even greater set of applications including essential VSAT networks, communications for world’s mobile data traffic. See Ericsson, Mobility Report at 20 (2020), https://www.ericsson.com/49da93/assets/local/mobility-report/documents/2020/june2020-ericsson- mobility-report.pdf. Cisco estimates that, by 2022, 22% of global internet traffic will come from mobile networks, up from 12% in 2017. See Cisco Systems Inc., Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2017-2022 White Paper (2019), https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/white- paper-c11-738429.html. 4 See Expanding Flexible Use of the 3.7-4.2 GHz Band, Report and Order and Order of Proposed Modification, FCC 20-22, at para. 9 (rel. Mar. 3, 2020) (“FCC C-Band Order”), https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/FCC-20-22A1.pdf. 42 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 emergency services, tele-medicine/education and backhaul for telecommunications restoration in the event of a disaster. In the United States the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), as part of its efforts to facilitate 5G network deployments and ensure the continued access for C-band spectrum for FSS services, adopted new rules and auctioned 280 MHz of spectrum in the 3700 – 3980 MHz in the contiguous United States and maintained 200 MHz for FSS operations in the 4000-4200 MHz band. In Alaska, Hawaii, and U.S. insular territories, where dependence on C-band FSS services is more significant, the full 3700-4200 MHz band continues to be used to deliver FSS. ITU-R sharing studies have indicated separation distances of tens to hundreds of km, depending on assumptions used, are required to ensure the protection of FSS receivers from terrestrial IMT operations. Cross-border coordination between IMT and the FSS is feasible when the deployment of IMT is limited to the areas outside of the required separation distances for each azimuth to protect each specific FSS earth stations or an area for unlicensed/ubiquitous C-band earth station deployment. In the case of bilateral coordination, the FSS protection criteria along with the FSS antenna elevation angle, should be used to determine the necessary separation distances to ensure protection of FSS earth stations. 43 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 PROPOSALS ARTICLE 5 Frequency allocations Section IV – Table of Frequency Allocations (See No. 2.1) MOD PP/1.2(3.6-3.8GHz)/1 3 600-4 800 MHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 3 600-4 200 3 600-3 700 3 600-3 700 FIXED FIXED FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to- FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to- (space-to-Earth) Earth) Earth) Mobile MOBILE except aeronautical MOBILE except aeronautical mobile MOD 5.434 mobile Radiolocation 5.433 Radiolocation 5.435 3 700-3 800 3 700-3 800 FIXED FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to- FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to- Earth) Earth) MOBILE except aeronautical MOBILE except aeronautical mobile ADD 5.XXX mobile 3 7800-4 200 FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) MOBILE except aeronautical mobile 4 200-4 400 AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R) 5.436 AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION 5.438 5.437 5.439 5.440 4 400-4 500 FIXED MOBILE 5.440A 4 500-4 800 FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) 5.441 MOBILE 5.440A Reasons: To identify spectrum for IMT in the certain bands regionally or on a country basis. 44 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 MOD PP/1.2(3.6-3.7 GHz)/2 5.434 In Region 2Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, the United States and Paraguay, the frequency band 3 600-3 700 MHz, or portions thereof, is identified for use by these administrations wishing to implement International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT). This identification does not preclude the use of this frequency band by any application of the services to which it is allocated and does not establish priority in the Radio Regulations. At the stage of coordination the provisions of Nos. 9.17 and 9.18 also apply. Before aAn administration deploying brings into use a base or mobile station of an IMT system, it shall seek agreement under No. 9.21 with other administrations and ensure that the power flux-density (pfd) produced at 3 m above ground does not exceed −154.5 dB(W/(m2 ⋅ 4 kHz)) for more than 20% of time at the border of the territory of any other administration. This limit may be exceeded on the territory of any country whose administration has so agreed. In order to ensure that the pfd limit at the border of the territory of any other administration is met, the calculations and verification shall be made, taking into account all relevant information, with the mutual agreement of both administrations (the administration responsible for the terrestrial station and the administration responsible for the earth station), with the assistance of the Bureau if so requested. In case of disagreement, the calculation and verification of the pfd shall be made by the Bureau, taking into account all relevantthe information provided by the administrationsreferred to above. Stations of the mobile service, including IMT systems, in the frequency band 3 600-3 700 MHz shall not claim more protection from space stations than that provided in Table 21-4 of the Radio Regulations (Edition of 2004). (WRC-2319) ADD PP/1.2(3.7-3.8 GHz)/3 5.XXX In the United States, [other R2 countries], the frequency band 3 700-3 800 MHz, or portions thereof, is identified for use by these administrations wishing to implement International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT). This identification does not preclude the use of this frequency band by any application of the services to which it is allocated and does not establish priority in the Radio Regulations. An administration deploying base or mobile station of an IMT system shall ensure that the power flux- density (pfd) produced at 3 m above ground does not exceed −154.5 dB (W/(m2 ⋅ 4 kHz)) for more than 20% of time at the border of the territory of any other administration. This limit may be exceeded on the territory of any country whose administration has so agreed. In case of disagreement, the calculation and verification of the pfd shall be made by the Bureau, taking into account all relevant information provided by the administrations. Stations of the mobile service, including IMT systems, in the frequency band 3 600-3 700 MHz shall not claim more protection from space stations than that provided in Table 21-4 of the Radio Regulations. (WRC-23) Reasons: To identify spectrum for IMT while continuing to ensure the protection and continued operation of the FSS in Region 2. _________________________ 45 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 VIEW C: Draft United States of America PROPOSALS FOR THE WORK OF THE CONFERENCE Agenda item 1.2 Agenda item 1.2: to consider identification of the frequency bands 3 300-3 400 MHz, 3 600-3 800 MHz, 6 425-7 025 MHz, 7 025-7 125 MHz and 10.0-10.5 GHz for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT), including possible additional allocations to the mobile service on a primary basis, in accordance with Resolution 245 (WRC-19); BACKGROUND: Currently, the 3300-3400 MHz band is allocated to the radiolocation service on a primary basis in all three regions. In Region 2, the mobile service is allocated on a secondary basis regionally, on a primary basis in some countries through RR No. 5.429C, and identified for IMT in a limited number of countries through footnote RR No. 5.429D. The United States is not included in either footnote. The existing footnote RR No. 5.429D requires agreement between administrations prior to implementing IMT in order to protect radiolocation operations. Ultimately, RR No. 5.429D maintains that IMT shall not claim protection from radiolocation and shall not cause harmful interference to radiolocation. This can only be achieved through bilateral discussion and agreement among affected countries. ITU-R sharing studies show that mobile/IMT and radiolocation coexistence is not possible in the same or nearby geographical areas due to the significant exceedance mobile/IMT operations would cause to the radiolocation protection criteria. These studies indicated that separation distances and/or exclusion zones greater than 300 km are required in some cases, and that means coexistence is not feasible. As a result, IMT deployments in one country would impact radiolocation of other administrations. The 3300- 3400 MHz band continues to be a critical band for radiolocation. The United States uses the band for operating various types of high-resolution/powered shipborne, land-based, and aeronautical mobile radar systems. Elevating mobile from secondary to primary in Region 2 and expanding the limited IMT identification to a region-wide IMT identification would further exacerbate the lack of a technical mechanism to share spectrum between the radiolocation and mobile services; would require significant bilateral discussions that have no rational basis for successful conclusion; and would place limitations on IMT deployments in the 3300-3400 MHz band. As a result, the U.S. proposes No Change to the 3300-3400 MHz band under WRC-23 Agenda Item 1.2. PROPOSAL: 46 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 ARTICLE 5 Frequency allocations Section IV – Table of Frequency Allocations (See No. 2.1) NOC USA/1.2/1 2 700-3 600 MHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 … … 3 300-3 400 … RADIOLOCATION Amateur Fixed Mobile 5.149 5.429C 5.429D … Reasons: ITU sharing and compatibility studies show that sharing between IMT and Radiolocation in this frequency band is not feasible. NOC USA/1.2/2 5.429C Reasons: ITU sharing and compatibility studies show that sharing between IMT and Radiolocation in this frequency band is not feasible. There can be no expansion of this note to a regional note or change in status. NOC USA/1.2/3 5.429D Reasons: ITU sharing and compatibility studies show that sharing between IMT and Radiolocation in this frequency band is not feasible. There can be no expansion of this note to a regional note or change in status or obligations. _________________________ 47 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 WAC-23/58 (09.12.2022) United States of America PROPOSALS FOR THE WORK OF THE CONFERENCE Agenda item 1.4 AGENDA ITEM 1.4: to consider, in accordance with Resolution 247 (WRC-19), the use of high-altitude platform stations as IMT base stations (HIBS) in the mobile service in certain frequency bands below 2.7 GHz already identified for IMT, on a global or regional level; BACKGROUND: WRC-23 agenda item 1.4 proposed to study the use of HIBS in certain frequency bands below 2700 MHz, or portions thereof, in accordance with Resolution 247 (WRC-19). HIBS are high-altitude platform IMT base stations. No. 1.66A defines a high-altitude platform station as a station located on an object at an altitude of 20 to 50 km and at a specified, nominal, fixed point relative to the Earth. No. 4.23 limits transmissions to or from high-altitude platform stations to bands specifically identified in Article 5. WRC-2000 identified through No. 5.388A the bands 1 885-1 980 MHz, 2 010-2 025 MHz and 2110-2170 MHz in Regions 1 and 3 and the bands 1 885-1 980 MHz and 2 110-2 160 MHz in Region 2 that may be used by high-altitude platform stations as base stations to provide IMT, in accordance with Resolution 221 (Rev.WRC-07). The ITU-R carried out sharing and compatibility studies between proposed HIBS systems and various incumbent services and systems in the bands proposed in WRC-23 Agenda Item 1.4 as well as in adjacent bands. The United States has a number of important uses for the bands under consideration for WRC-23 Agenda Item 1.4, including:  Commercial wireless IMT networks, public safety communications, and other private radio services in the 694-960 MHz range.  Aviation safety systems in both the aeronautical radionavigation and aeronautical mobile (route) services in the 960-1164 MHz band. These systems operate in accordance with International Civil Aviation Organization standards in all phases of flight.  Commercial wireless IMT networks within the 1710-1885 MHz band.  Operational tactical radio relay, terrestrial telemetering operations, and fixed point-to-point microwave applications in the fixed and mobile/aeronautical mobile services and space operations Earth-to-space in the 1780-1850 MHz band.  Commercial wireless IMT networks in the 2 500 – 2 690 MHz band.  Radio astronomy observatories within the frequency 2 690-2 700 MHz band, subject to footnote RR No. 5.340.  Aeronautical Radionavigation Service (ARNS) Air Traffic Control (ATC) radars and Meteorological radars within the frequency band 2 700-2 900 MHz. 694-960 MHz: 48 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 The studies that the ITU-R conducted between proposed HIBS systems and IMT terrestrial systems operating within the 694-960 MHz range show that separation distances larger than 500 km between the HIBS coverage center (nadir) and a ground based IMT network are required to protect IMT terrestrial networks from proposed HIBS co-channel operation in the 694-960 MHz frequency range. It was also observed that the increase in interference to IMT UEs due to co-channel HIBS transmissions leads to high average Down Link (DL) throughput degradation for a ground-based IMT network even at distances as large as 500 km between the HIBS coverage center and a ground-based IMT network. In addition, some neighboring administrations have differing frequency arrangements for terrestrial IMT in 694-960 MHz, which increases complexity relative to the introduction of HIBS systems. Therefore, sharing between HIBS and IMT systems in the same geographical area is not feasible in this band. 1 710-1 885 MHz: The studies that the ITU-R conducted between proposed HIBS systems and IMT terrestrial systems operating in the 1 710-1 885 MHz band show that separation distances larger than 300 km between the HIBS coverage center and a ground based IMT network are required to protect IMT terrestrial networks from proposed HIBS co-channel operation in the 1 710-1 885 MHz frequency band. The ITU-R studies conducted with the fixed service operating in the frequency band show that the protection criteria is exceeded at a maximum of 497 km for point-to-point systems. Therefore, sharing between HIBS and incumbent services in the same geographical area is not feasible in this band. 2 500-2 690 MHz: The studies that the ITU-R conducted between proposed HIBS systems and IMT terrestrial systems operating in the 2500-2690 MHz band show that separation distances larger than 500 km between the HIBS coverage center and a ground based IMT network are required to protect IMT terrestrial networks from proposed HIBS co-channel operation in the 2 500-2 690 MHz frequency band. In addition, some neighboring administrations have differing frequency arrangements for terrestrial IMT in 2500-2690 MHz, which increases complexity relative to the introduction of HIBS systems. Therefore, sharing between HIBS and IMT systems in the same geographical area is not feasible in this band. Proposal: 49 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 ARTICLE 5 Frequency allocations Section IV – Table of Frequency Allocations (See No. 2.1) Issue A: 694-960 MHz NOC USA/1.4/1 460-890 MHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 … 470-694 614-698 610-890 BROADCASTING BROADCASTING FIXED Fixed MOBILE 5.296A 5.313A Mobile 5.317A 5.149 5.291A 5.294 5.296 5.293 5.308 5.308A 5.309 BROADCASTING 5.300 5.304 5.306 5.312 694-790 MOBILE except aeronautical mobile 5.312A 5.317A BROADCASTING 698-806 5.300 5.312 MOBILE 5.317A 790-862 BROADCASTING FIXED Fixed MOBILE except aeronautical mobile 5.316B 5.317A 5.293 5.309 BROADCASTING 806-890 5.312 5.319 FIXED 862-890 MOBILE 5.317A FIXED BROADCASTING MOBILE except aeronautical mobile 5.317A BROADCASTING 5.322 5.317 5.318 5.319 5.323 5.149 5.305 5.306 5.307 5.320 50 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 890-1 300 MHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 890-942 890-902 890-942 FIXED FIXED FIXED MOBILE except aeronautical MOBILE except aeronautical MOBILE 5.317A mobile 5.317A mobile 5.317A BROADCASTING BROADCASTING 5.322 Radiolocation Radiolocation Radiolocation 5.318 5.325 902-928 FIXED Amateur Mobile except aeronautical mobile 5.325A Radiolocation 5.150 5.325 5.326 928-942 FIXED MOBILE except aeronautical mobile 5.317A Radiolocation 5.323 5.325 5.327 942-960 942-960 942-960 FIXED FIXED FIXED MOBILE except aeronautical MOBILE 5.317A MOBILE 5.317A mobile 5.317A BROADCASTING BROADCASTING 5.322 5.323 5.320 … Reasons: The results of ITU-R sharing and compatibility studies between HIBS and incumbent IMT terrestrial systems show that compatibility between HIBS and incumbent services (e.g., terrestrial IMT systems) in the same geographical area is not feasible. The United States therefore proposes no change to the ITU Radio Regulations. 51 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 Issue B: 1 710-1 885 MHz NOC USA/1.4/2 1 710-2 170 MHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 1 710-1 930 FIXED MOBILE 5.384A 5.388A 5.388B 5.149 5.341 5.385 5.386 5.387 5.388 … Reasons: The results of ITU-R sharing and compatibility studies between HIBS and incumbent IMT terrestrial systems show that compatibility between HIBS and incumbent services (e.g., terrestrial IMT systems) in the same geographical area is not feasible. The United States therefore proposes no change to the ITU Radio Regulations. Issue C: 1 885-1 980 MHz, 2 010-2 025 MHz, 2 110-2 170 MHz NOC USA/1.4/3 1 710-2 170 MHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 1 710-1 930 FIXED MOBILE 5.384A 5.388A 5.388B 5.149 5.341 5.385 5.386 5.387 5.388 1 930-1 970 1 930-1 970 1 930-1 970 FIXED FIXED FIXED MOBILE 5.388A 5.388B MOBILE 5.388A 5.388B MOBILE 5.388A 5.388B Mobile-satellite (Earth-to-space) 5.388 5.388 5.388 1 970-1 980 FIXED MOBILE 5.388A 5.388B 5.388 1 980-2 010 FIXED MOBILE MOBILE-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) 5.351A 5.388 5.389A 5.389B 5.389F 52 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 2 010-2 025 2 010-2 025 2 010-2 025 FIXED FIXED FIXED MOBILE 5.388A 5.388B MOBILE MOBILE 5.388A 5.388B MOBILE-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) 5.388 5.388 5.389C 5.389E 5.388 2 025-2 110 SPACE OPERATION (Earth-to-space) (space-to-space) EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) (space-to- space) FIXED MOBILE 5.391 SPACE RESEARCH (Earth-to-space) (space-to-space) 5.392 2 110-2 120 FIXED MOBILE 5.388A 5.388B SPACE RESEARCH (deep space) (Earth-to-space) 5.388 2 120-2 160 2 120-2 160 2 120-2 160 FIXED FIXED FIXED MOBILE 5.388A 5.388B MOBILE 5.388A 5.388B MOBILE 5.388A 5.388B Mobile-satellite (space-to-Earth) 5.388 5.388 5.388 2 160-2 170 2 160-2 170 2 160-2 170 FIXED FIXED FIXED MOBILE 5.388A 5.388B MOBILE MOBILE 5.388A 5.388B MOBILE-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) 5.388 5.388 5.389C 5.389E 5.388 Reasons: The results of ITU-R sharing and compatibility studies between HIBS and incumbent IMT terrestrial systems show that compatibility between HIBS and incumbent services (e.g., terrestrial IMT systems) in the same geographical area is not feasible. The United States therefore proposes no change to the ITU Radio Regulations. Issue D: 2 500-2 690 MHz NOC USA/1.4/4 2 170-2 520 MHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 … 53 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 2 500-2 520 2 500-2 520 2 500-2 520 FIXED 5.410 FIXED 5.410 FIXED 5.410 MOBILE except aeronautical FIXED-SATELLITE FIXED-SATELLITE mobile 5.384A (space-to-Earth) 5.415 (space-to-Earth) 5.415 MOBILE except aeronautical MOBILE except aeronautical mobile 5.384A mobile 5.384A MOBILE-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) 5.351A 5.407 5.414 5.414A 5.412 5.404 5.415A 2 520-2 700 MHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 2 520-2 655 2 520-2 655 2 520-2 535 FIXED 5.410 FIXED 5.410 FIXED 5.410 MOBILE except aeronautical FIXED-SATELLITE FIXED-SATELLITE mobile 5.384A (space-to-Earth) 5.415 (space-to-Earth) 5.415 BROADCASTING- MOBILE except aeronautical MOBILE except aeronautical SATELLITE mobile 5.384A mobile 5.384A 5.413 5.416 BROADCASTING- BROADCASTING- SATELLITE SATELLITE 5.413 5.416 5.413 5.416 5.403 5.414A 5.415A 2 535-2 655 FIXED 5.410 MOBILE except aeronautical mobile 5.384A BROADCASTING- SATELLITE 5.413 5.416 5.339 5.418 5.418A 5.418B 5.339 5.412 5.418B 5.418C 5.339 5.418B 5.418C 5.418C 54 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 2 655-2 670 2 655-2 670 2 655-2 670 FIXED 5.410 FIXED 5.410 FIXED 5.410 MOBILE except aeronautical FIXED-SATELLITE FIXED-SATELLITE mobile 5.384A (Earth-to-space) (Earth-to-space) 5.415 BROADCASTING- (space-to-Earth) 5.415 MOBILE except aeronautical SATELLITE MOBILE except aeronautical mobile 5.384A 5.208B 5.413 5.416 mobile 5.384A BROADCASTING- Earth exploration-satellite BROADCASTING- SATELLITE 5.208B 5.413 (passive) SATELLITE 5.416 Radio astronomy 5.413 5.416 Earth exploration-satellite Space research (passive) Earth exploration-satellite (passive) (passive) Radio astronomy Radio astronomy Space research (passive) Space research (passive) 5.149 5.412 5.149 5.208B 5.149 5.420 2 670-2 690 2 670-2 690 2 670-2 690 FIXED 5.410 FIXED 5.410 FIXED 5.410 MOBILE except aeronautical FIXED-SATELLITE FIXED-SATELLITE mobile 5.384A (Earth-to-space) (Earth-to-space) 5.415 Earth exploration-satellite (space-to-Earth) 5.208B 5.415 MOBILE except aeronautical (passive) MOBILE except aeronautical mobile 5.384A Radio astronomy mobile 5.384A MOBILE-SATELLITE Space research (passive) Earth exploration-satellite (Earth-to-space) 5.351A 5.419 (passive) Earth exploration-satellite Radio astronomy (passive) Space research (passive) Radio astronomy Space research (passive) 5.149 5.412 5.149 5.149 … Reasons: The results of ITU-R sharing and compatibility studies between HIBS and incumbent IMT terrestrial systems show that compatibility between HIBS and incumbent services (e.g., terrestrial IMT systems) in the same geographical area is not feasible. The United States therefore proposes no change to the ITU Radio Regulations. NOC USA/1.4/5 1.66A high altitude platform station: A station located on an object at an altitude of 20 to 50 km and at a specified, nominal, fixed point relative to the Earth. Reasons: Modification of the definition of No. 1.66A would impact previous WRC decisions beyond the scope of WRC-23 AI 1.4. NOC USA/1.4/6 55 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 RESOLUTION 221 (REV. WRC-07) Use of high altitude platform stations providing IMT in the bands 1 885-1 980 MHz, 2 010- 2 025 MHz and 2 110-2 170 MHz in Regions 1 and 3 and 1 885-1 980 MHz and 2 110-2 160 MHz in Region 2 Reasons: The results of ITU-R sharing and compatibility studies between HIBS and incumbent IMT terrestrial systems show that compatibility between HIBS and incumbent services (e.g., terrestrial IMT systems) in the same geographical area is not feasible. The United States therefore proposes no change to the ITU Radio Regulations. NOC USA/1.4/7 5.338A In the frequency bands 1 350-1 400 MHz, 1 427-1 452 MHz, 22.55-23.55 GHz, 24.25- 27.5 GHz, 30-31.3 GHz, 49.7-50.2 GHz, 50.4-50.9 GHz, 51.4-52.4 GHz, 52.4-52.6 GHz, 81-86 GHz and 92-94 GHz, Resolution 750 (Rev.WRC-19) applies. (WRC-19) Reasons: That the results of ITU-R sharing and compatibility studies between HIBS and incumbent IMT terrestrial systems show that compatibility between HIBS and incumbent services (e.g., terrestrial IMT systems) in the same geographical area is not feasible. The United States therefore proposes no change to the ITU Radio Regulations. SUP USA/1.4/8 RESOLUTION 247 (WRC-19) Facilitating mobile connectivity in certain frequency bands below 2.7 GHz using high-altitude platform stations as International Mobile Telecommunications base stations Reasons: Consequential action _____ 56 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 WAC-23/59 (09.12.22) WRC-23 Agenda Item 1.5 IWG-2 members were not able to reach consensus on a proposal for WRC-23 agenda item 1.5 and, therefore, forwards two views on how the FCC should handle this matter. View A supports the position received from NTIA on behalf of the Executive Branch Agencies. View A proposes “no change” underlined (NOC) to the Radio Regulations in Region 2 and does not take any position on Region 1 or Region 3. According to View A proponents, this view is consistent with the U.S. position of neutrality on this agenda item (as expressed during TG 6/1 meeting US preparatory discussions), which is limited to Region 1. View A is supported by National Association of Broadcasters, ONE Media 3.0, LLC, Sennheiser, and Shure. View B proposes “no change” not underlined (NOC) to the Radio Regulations in Region 2. View B also modifies the background of the document received from NTIA to include language encouraging Region 1 countries to support further global harmonization of the 470-694 MHz frequency band for mobile services, including an identification for IMT and language that the agenda item 1.5 decision should not preclude Region 2 administrations from advancing the harmonization of spectrum for IMT. According to View B proponents, this proposal is consistent with the United States’ positions to WRC-15 and WRC-19 promoting the harmonization of this band to enable the introduction of innovative broadband services. View B is supported by AT&T, CTIA, Ericsson, GSMA, Nokia, T-Mobile, and Verizon. 57 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 VIEW A: Draft United States of America PROPOSALS FOR THE WORK OF THE CONFERENCE Agenda item 1.5 I. Agenda Item 1.5: to review the spectrum use and spectrum needs of existing services in the frequency band 470-960 MHz in Region 1 and consider possible regulatory actions in the frequency band 470-694 MHz in Region 1 on the basis of the review in accordance with Resolution 235 (WRC-15); Background World Radiocommunication Conference 2023 (WRC-23) agenda item 1.5 addresses the spectrum use and spectrum needs of existing services in the frequency band 470-960 MHz in Region 1 and consideration of possible regulatory actions in the frequency band 470-694 MHz in Region 1. Part of this band was studied under agenda item 1.1 of WRC-15 and resulted in new mobile allocations and identifications for IMT in portions of the frequency range for some administrations in Regions 2 and 3. Since WRC-15, a total of eight countries in Region 2 and seven in Region 3 have IMT identifications including these bands, with 28 countries in Region 3 having IMT identifications in the 698-790 MHz band. Internationally harmonized bands benefit consumers, through economies of scale in infrastructure, devices, chipsets, etc., thereby reducing network deployment and consumer costs while simultaneously enabling global roaming. The United States has already made the 614-698 MHz band available for mobile broadband licensees through a successful incentive auction that concluded in April 2017. 3GPP has specified Band 71 (the range 663 – 698 MHz / 617 – 652 MHz) as an operating band for 5G New Radio (NR) and equipment is already available for that band. Proposal: NOC (for Region 2) USA/1.5/1 460-890 MHz Region 2 --- 58 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 470-512 BROADCASTING Fixed Mobile 5.292 5.293 5.295 512-608 BROADCASTING 5.295 5.297 608-614 RADIO ASTRONOMY Mobile-satellite except aeronautical mobile-satellite (Earth-to-space) 614-698 BROADCASTING Fixed Mobile 5.293 5.308 5.308A 5.309 --- Reasons: No change is proposed for Region 2. Any changes made to the Radio Regulations under WRC- 23 agenda item 1.5 must not impact the existing allocations and identifications for Region 2, nor subject Region 2 to any changed procedural or regulatory provisions. __________ 59 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 VIEW B: Draft United States of America PROPOSALS FOR THE WORK OF THE CONFERENCE Agenda item 1.5 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DRAFT PROPOSALS FOR THE WORK OF THE CONFERENCE Agenda Item 1.5: to review the spectrum use and spectrum needs of existing services in the frequency band 470-960 MHz in Region 1 and consider possible regulatory actions in the frequency band 470-694 MHz in Region 1 on the basis of the review in accordance with Resolution 235 (WRC-15); [Note: Modifications shown to RCS Proposal.] Background Mobile broadband access has become a key driver of global economic growth, job creation and competitiveness and the COVID-19 pandemic has reinforced the critical importance of wireless connectivity in keeping citizens connected. The spectrum below 1 GHz is exceptionally suited for mobile broadband applications. In particular, the unique propagation characteristics of the bands below 1 GHz allow for in-building penetration and wider area coverage which in turn requires less infrastructure and facilitates service delivery to rural or sparsely populated areas. World Radiocommunication Conference 2023 (WRC-23) agenda item 1.5 addresses the spectrum use and spectrum needs of existing services in the frequency band 470-960 MHz in Region 1 and consideration of possible regulatory actions in the frequency band 470-694 MHz in Region 1. Part of this band was studied under agenda item 1.1 of WRC-15 and resulted in new mobile allocations and identifications for IMT in portions of the frequency range for some administrations in Regions 2 and 3. Since then, 3GPP has specified Band 71 (the range 663 – 698 MHz / 617 – 652 MHz) as an operating band for 5G NR and equipment is already available for that band. The United States made that band available for mobile broadband licensees through a successful incentive auction which concluded in April 2017. Mexico successfully cleared the band in October 2018, thereby releasing the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband use. In April 2019, Canada concluded its 600 MHz auction. The momentum is growing for the 614-698 MHz and 698-790 MHz bands; as of WRC-19, a total of 8 countries in Region 2 60 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 and 7 in Region 3 have IMT identifications including these bands, with 28 countries in Region 3 have IMT identifications in the 698-790 MHz band. Internationally harmonized bands benefit consumers, through economies of scale in infrastructure, devices, chipsets, etc., thereby reducing network deployment and consumer costs while simultaneously enabling global roaming. Region 1 countries are encouraged to support further global harmonization of the 470-694 MHz frequency band for mobile services, including an identification for IMT. Such a regulatory solution would: (a) Enable administrations to preserve and protect broadcasting and other services in the UHF range, (b) Consider ways to facilitate the development of future broadcasting systems, and (c) Allow administrations flexibility to address the mobile spectrum shortage consistent with their domestic requirements. The United States is of the view that decision on WRC-23 agenda item 1.5 should not preclude Region 2 administrations from advancing the harmonization of spectrum for IMT (e.g. WRC-23 agenda item 8) to enable the introduction of wireless broadband services. Proposal: NOC (for Region 2) USA/1.5/1 460-890 MHz Region 2 --- 470-512 BROADCASTING Fixed Mobile 5.292 5.293 5.295 512-608 BROADCASTING 5.295 5.297 608-614 RADIO ASTRONOMY Mobile-satellite except aeronautical mobile-satellite (Earth-to-space) 61 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 614-698 BROADCASTING Fixed Mobile 5.293 5.308 5.308A 5.309 --- Reasons: WRC-23 Agenda Item 1.5 is limited to technical and regulatory studies for certain terrestrial services only in Region 1 for the frequency band 470-960 MHz. Therefore, no change is proposed for Region 2. Any changes made to the Radio Regulations under WRC-23 agenda item 1.5 must not impact the existing allocations and identifications for Region 2, nor subject Region 2 to any changed procedural or regulatory provisions. This proposal does not address Regions 1 and 3, so those columns of the Table of Frequency Allocations in Article 5 are thus not reproduced above. __________ 62 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 WAC-23/60 (09.12.2022) UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DRAFT PROPOSALS FOR THE WORK OF THE CONFERENCE [Note: Modifications shown to RCS Proposal.] Agenda Item 9, topic 9.1 c): Use of International Mobile Telecommunications systems for fixed wireless broadband in the frequency bands allocated to the fixed service on a primary basis Background CPM 23-1 assigned both ITU-R Working Parties 5A and 5C with the responsibility to develop CPM text for WRC-23 agenda item 9.1, topic c): Resolution 175 (WRC-19) resolves to invite the ITU Radiocommunication Sector “to conduct any necessary studies on the use of IMT systems for fixed wireless broadband in the frequency bands allocated to the fixed service on primary basis, taking into account the relevant ITU-R studies, Handbooks, Recommendations and Reports,” and instructs the Director of the Radiocommunication Bureau “to report to WRC-23 on the results of these studies”. Discussion The ITU-R has previously developed a set of ITU-R recommendations and a study question already established a framework in which IMT and other mobile technologies can be used to provide fixed wireless access (FWA), including broadband access for fixed and mobile services., in frequencies allocated to the fixed service on a primary basis. However, these relevant F.Series Recommendations regarding FWA are outdated and do not reflect the current capability of wireless broadband technology. Based on the studies undertaken on WRC-23 agenda item 9.1 c), the ITU-R is considering approaches that will seek to revise and update Recommendations F.1401-1 and F.1763-1, so that they are more reflective of the current state of technology for broadband fixed wireless access. Other F.Series Recommendations/Reports relevant to FWA are also being reviewed. Work was performed several years ago by the predecessor group of ITU-R Study Group 5 which developed a body of Recommendations, Reports and Handbooks on Fixed Wireless Access (FWA). This body of work comprises a range of technologies, including IMT, that provide broadband wireless telecommunication applications in a fixed or stationary scenario. However, many of these F-series Recommendations regarding FWA are outdated and do not reflect the current capability of wireless broadband technology. Proponents of using IMT technologies for FWA can revise these existing F-series Recommendations to reflect the current state of wireless broadband technologies, including that of IMT. FWA is a way of providing broadband access using wireless links between fixed points. The evolution of FWA solutions and advent of new use cases can enable FWA operators’ further ability to bridge the digital divide and offer connectivity to a broader population and reach underserved areas. Advancements in IMT network technologies have significantly improved the download, upload and latency capabilities of FWA. Given that upgrades to FWA will rely upon 5G standards and equipment, this compatibility makes FWA scalable. 63 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 The ITU-R, through the course of its normal Study Group activities, may continue studies towards the development of new, or revision of existing, Reports and Recommendations, to support the future development and use of IMT systems for fixed wireless broadband in the frequency bands allocated to the fixed and mobile services. Proposals: NOC USA/9.1-C/1 ARTICLE 5 Frequency allocations Reason: The United States is of the view that changes to the Radio Regulations are typically outside the scope of Agenda item 9.1 topics. No changes to Article 5 including any identification of existing fixed service bands for IMT should be made under this Agenda Item. Given that ITU-R SG 5 has already adopted Recommendations, Reports, and Handbooks regarding the use of mobile system technologies for fixed wireless broadband, a review and revision of these publications, as needed, is adequate to address AI 9.1, topic c). SUP USA/9.1-C/2 RESOLUTION 175 (WRC-19) Use of International Mobile Telecommunications Systems for Fixed Wireless Broadband in the Frequency Bands Allocated to the Fixed Service on a Primary Basis Reason: Consequential change as no further action is required by WRC-23 to address this topic. __________ 64 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 WAC-23/61 (08.31.2022) UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DRAFT PROPOSALS FOR THE WORK OF THE CONFERENCE Agenda Item 1.19 to consider a primary allocation to the fixed-satellite service (FSS) in the space-to- Earth direction in the frequency band 17.3-17.7 GHz in Region 2, while ensuring the protection of existing primary services in the band, recognizing the need of preserving and protecting the frequencies subject to the application of Appendix 30A, in accordance with Resolution 174 (WRC-19). Background Information: This agenda item addresses the consideration of a new primary allocation for the Fixed-Satellite Service (FSS) in the space-to-Earth direction in the 17.3-17.7 GHz frequency band for Region 2. In Region 2, the 17.3-17.7 GHz frequency band is allocated to the unplanned broadcasting-satellite service (BSS, by definition, a downlink) and the FSS in the Earth-to-space direction limited to BSS feeder links operating under Appendix 30A (AP30A). An FSS downlink allocation is technologically similar to the operations of the existing BSS allocation, which currently is subject to coordination under No. 9.7 using a coordination trigger defined in Appendix 5. For ground path interference, where a transmitting feeder link earth station may cause interference with nearby receiving FSS earth stations, sharing procedures exists through the application of site coordination under Article 6 of Appendix 30A using the coordination area determined by Appendix 7. For NGSO FSS operations in this band, the protection of the BSS and the AP30A is ensured by extending the provisions of Article 22 by adding the Region 2 FSS (space-to-Earth) allocation in the frequency band 17.3-17.7 GHz to Table 22-1B for the application of epfd↓ and to Table 22-3 for the application of epfdis, respectively. Sharing between FSS NGSOs are assured by extending the application of No. 9.12 (NGSO-NGSO coordination) to 17.3-17.7 GHz (space-to-Earth) in Region 2: 65 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 Proposals: MOD USA/AI 1.19/1 TABLE 5-1 (Rev.WRC-1923) Technical conditions for coordination (see Article 9) ARTICLE 5 Frequency allocations Section IV – Table of Frequency Allocations (See No. 2.1) 15.4-18.4 GHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 17.3-17.7 17.3-17.7 17.3-17.7 FIXED-SATELLITE FIXED-SATELLITE FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) 5.516 (Earth-to-space) MOD 5.484A (Earth-to-space) 5.516 (space-to-Earth) 5.516A 5.516B 5.516 Radiolocation Radiolocation MOD (space-to-Earth) MOD 5.516A MOD 5.517 BROADCASTING-SATELLITE Radiolocation 5.514 5.514 5.515 5.514 Reasons: Introduce the FSS (space-to-Earth) allocation in the frequency band 17.3-17.7 GHz in Region 2 and apply RR Nos. 5.516A and 5.517 to this new allocation. Also, new footnotes for application of NGSO satellite systems are introduced. MOD USA/AI 1.19/2 5.484A The use of the bands 10.95-11.2 GHz (space-to-Earth), 11.45-11.7 GHz (space-to-Earth), 11.7-12.2 GHz (space-to-Earth) in Region 2, 12.2-12.75 GHz (space-to-Earth) in Region 3, 12.5-12.75 GHz (space-to-Earth) in Region 1, 13.75-14.5 GHz (Earth-to-space), 17.3-17.7 GHz (space-to-Earth) in Region 2, 17.8-18.6 GHz (space-to-Earth), 19.7-20.2 GHz (space-to-Earth), 27.5-28.6 GHz (Earth-to- space), 29.5-30 GHz (Earth-to-space) by a non-geostationary-satellite system in the fixed-satellite service is subject to application of the provisions of No. 9.12 for coordination with other non-geostationary- satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service. Non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service shall not claim protection from geostationary-satellite networks in the fixed-satellite service operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations, irrespective of the dates of receipt by the Bureau of the complete coordination or notification information, as appropriate, for the non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service and of the complete coordination or notification information, as appropriate, for the geostationary-satellite networks, and No. 5.43A does not apply. Non-geostationary 66 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service in the above bands shall be operated in such a way that any unacceptable interference that may occur during their operation shall be rapidly eliminated. Reasons: Extend No. 9.12 to apply to the frequency band 17.3-17.7 GHz in Region 2 MOD USA/AI 1.19/3 5.516A In the band 17.3-17.7 GHz, earth stations of the fixed-satellite service (space-to-Earth) in Regions 1 and 2 shall not claim protection from the broadcasting-satellite service feeder-link earth stations operating under Appendix 30A, nor put any limitations or restrictions on the locations of the broadcasting-satellite service feeder-link earth stations anywhere within the service area of the feeder link. (WRC-0323) Reasons: Extend the applicability of these footnote to Region 2 and RR Table 22-3 covering the frequency range 17.8-18.4 GHz, could be extended in Region 2, to 17.3-18.4 GHz. MOD USA/AI 1.19/4 5.517 In Region 2, use of the fixed-satellite (space-to-Earth) service in the band 17.73-17.8 GHz shall not cause harmful interference nor claim protection from assignments in the broadcasting-satellite service operating in conformity with the Radio Regulations. (WRC-07-23) Reasons: Extend the applicability of the frequency ranges in this footnote to Region 2. 67 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 MOD USA/AI 1.19/7 ARTICLE 22 Space services1 … TABLE 22-1B (WRC-0323) Limits to the epfd radiated by non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service in certain frequency bands3, 6, 8, X Frequency Percentage of time Reference Reference antenna epfd band during which epfd may not bandwidth diameter and reference (dB(W/m2)) (GHz) be exceeded (kHz) radiation pattern7 17.8-18.6 −175.4 0 40 1 m −175.4 90 Recommendation −172.5 99 ITU-R S.1428-1 −167 99.714 −164 99.971 −164 100 −161.4 0 1 000 −161.4 90 −158.5 99 −153 99.714 −150 99.971 −150 100 −178.4 0 40 2 m −178.4 99.4 Recommendation −171.4 99.9 ITU-R S.1428-1 −170.5 99.913 −166 99.971 −164 99.977 −164 100 −164.4 0 1 000 −164.4 99.4 −157.4 99.9 −156.5 99.913 −152 99.971 −150 99.977 −150 100 8 22.5C.7 A non-geostationary-satellite system shall meet the limits of this Table in both the 40 kHz and the 1 MHz reference bandwidths. (WRC-2000) X 22.5C.X A non-geostationary-satellite system shall meet the limits of this Table for the 17.3-17.7 GHz band with respect to satellite systems in the broadcasting-satellite service utilizing the reference patterns of Recommendation ITU-R BO.1443. (WRC-2023). 68 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 Frequency Percentage of time Reference Reference antenna epfd band during which epfd may not bandwidth diameter and reference (dB(W/m2)) (GHz) be exceeded (kHz) radiation pattern7 −185.4 0 40 5 m −185.4 99.8 Recommendation −180 99.8 ITU-R S.1428-1 −180 99.943 −172 99.943 −164 99.998 −164 100 −171.4 0 1 000 −171.4 99.8 −166 99.8 −166 99.943 −158 99.943 −150 99.998 −150 100 Reasons: Applies epfd↓ limits in order to Protect GSO BSS (space-to-Earth) allocation from NGSO FSS (space-to-Earth) operations. MOD USA/AI 1.19/8 TABLE 22-3 (WRC-20002023) Limits to the epfdis radiated by non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed- satellite service in certain frequency bands19 Percentage of time Reference Reference antenna Frequency band epfdis during which epfdis level bandwidth beamwidth and reference (GHz) (dB(W/m2)) may not be exceeded (kHz) radiation pattern20 10.7-11.7 −160 100 40 4° (Region 1) Recommendation 12.5-12.75 ITU-R S.672-4, (Region 1) Ls  −20 12.7-12.75 (Region 2) 19 22.5F.2 In meeting these limits, the administrations intending to develop such systems shall ensure that the assignments appearing in the feeder-link Plans of Appendix 30A will be fully protected. (WRC-20002023) 20 22.5F.3 In this Table, the reference pattern of Recommendation ITU-R S.672-4 shall be used only for the calculation of interference from non-geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service into geostationary-satellite systems in the fixed-satellite service. In applying the equations of Annex 1 to Recommendation ITU-R S.672-4, the parabolic main beam equation shall start at zero. (WRC-2000) 69 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 17.3-17.7 −160 100 40 4° (space-to-Earth) Recommendation (Region 2) ITU-R S.672-4, Ls  −20 17.8-18.4 Reasons: Applies epfdis limits in order to protect FSS (earth-to-space) feeder links subject to AP30A from NGSO FSS. 70 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 MOD USA/AI 1.19/9 APPENDIX 30A (REV.WRC-19)* Provisions and associated Plans and List1 for feeder links for the broadcasting-satellite service (11.7-12.5 GHz in Region 1, 12.2-12.7 GHz in Region 2 and 11.7-12.2 GHz in Region 3) in the frequency bands 14.5-14.8 GHz2 and 17.3-18.1 GHz in Regions 1 and 3, and 17.3-17.8 GHz in Region 2 (WRC-03) ARTICLE 7 (REV.WRC-1923) Coordination, notification and recording in the Master International Frequency Register of frequency assignments to stations in the fixed-satellite service (space-to-Earth) in Regions 1 and 2 in the frequency band 17.3-18.1 GHz and in Regions 2 and 3 in the frequency band 17.7-18.1 GHz, to stations in the fixed-satellite service (Earth- to-space) in Region 2 in the frequency bands 14.5-14.8 GHz and 17.8-18.1 GHz, to stations in the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space) in countries listed in Resolution 163 (WRC-15) in the frequency band 14.5-14.75 GHz and in countries listed in Resolution 164 (WRC-15) in the frequency band 14.5-14.8 GHz where those stations are not for feeder links for the broadcasting-satellite service, and to stations in the broadcasting-satellite service in Region 2 in the frequency band 17.3-17.8 GHz when frequency assignments to feeder links for broadcasting-satellite stations in the frequency bands 14.5-14.8 GHz and 17.3-18.1 GHz in Regions 1 and 3 or in the frequency band 17.3-17.8 GHz in Region 2 are involved28 (Rev.WRC-1923) * The expression “frequency assignment to a space station”, wherever it appears in this Appendix, shall be understood to refer to a frequency assignment associated with a given orbital position. (WRC-03) 1 The Regions 1 and 3 feeder-link List of additional uses is annexed to the Master International Frequency Register (see Resolution 542 (WRC-2000)**). (WRC-03) ** Note by the Secretariat: This Resolution was abrogated by WRC-03. 2 This use of the band 14.5-14.8 GHz is reserved for countries outside Europe. Note by the Secretariat: Reference to an Article with the number in roman is referring to an Article in this Appendix. 28 These provisions do not replace the procedures prescribed in Articles 9 and 11 when stations other than those for feeder links in the broadcasting-satellite service subject to a Plan are involved. (WRC-03) 71 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 Section I – Coordination of transmitting space or earth stations in the fixed-satellite service or transmitting space stations in the broadcasting-satellite service with assignments to broadcasting-satellite service feeder links Reasons: Applies epfd↓ limits in order to Ppotect GSO BSS (space-to-Earth) allocation from NGSO FSS (space-to-Earth) operations. MOD USA/AI 1.19/10 7.1 The provisions of No. 9.729 and the associated provisions under Articles 9 and 11 are applicable to transmitting space stations in the fixed-satellite service in Regions 1 and 2 in the frequency band 17.3-18.1 GHz, to transmitting space stations in the fixed-satellite service in Regions 2 and 3 in the frequency band 17.7-18.1 GHz, to transmitting earth stations in the fixed-satellite service in Region 2 in the frequency bands 14.5-14.8 GHz and 17.8-18.1 GHz, to transmitting earth stations in the fixed-satellite service in countries listed in Resolution 163 (WRC-15) in the frequency band 14.5-14.75 GHz and in countries listed in Resolution 164 (WRC-15) in the frequency band 14.5-14.8 GHz where those stations are not for feeder links for the broadcasting-satellite service, and to transmitting space stations in the broadcasting-satellite service in Region 2 in the frequency band 17.3-17.8 GHz. (WRC-19-23) Reasons: Extend the applicability of the provisions in RR Appendix 30A, Article 7, 7.1, to the FSS (space-to-Earth) in the 17.3-17.7 GHz band in Region 2. ___________ Reasons: Consequential 29 (SUP – WRC-19) 72 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 MOD USA/AI 1.19/11 ANNEX 4 (REV.WRC-19) Criteria for sharing between services 1 Threshold values for determining when coordination is required between, on one hand, transmitting space stations in the fixed-satellite service or the broadcasting-satellite service and, on the other hand, a receiving space station in the feeder-link Plan or List or a proposed new or modified receiving space station in the List, in the frequency bands 17.3-18.1 GHz (Regions 1 and 3) and in the feeder-link Plan or a proposed modification to the Plan in the frequency band 17.3-17.8 GHz (Region 2) (WRC-03) With respect to § 7.1, Article 7, coordination of a transmitting geostationary space station in the fixed- satellite service or in the broadcasting-satellite service with a receiving space station in a broadcasting- satellite service feeder link in the Regions 1 and 3 feeder-link Plan or List, or a proposed new or modified receiving space station in the List, or in the Region 2 feeder-link Plan or proposed modification to the Plan is required when the power flux-density arriving at the receiving space station of a broadcasting- satellite service feeder link of another administration would cause an increase in the noise temperature of the feeder-link space station which exceeds a threshold value of ΔTs / Ts corresponding to 6%. ΔTs / Ts is calculated in accordance with Case II of the method given in Appendix 8. (WRC-03) In Region 2, with respect to § 7.1, Article 7, a transmitting non-geostationary system in the fixed-satellite service with respect to a receiving space station in the broadcasting-satellite feeder link in the Region 2 feeder-link Plan or proposed modification to the Plan shall meet the equivalent power flux-density limit in table 22-3 of Article 22. (WRC-23) Reasons: Consequential based on Table 22-3 updates for epfd is to protect AP30A 73 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 MOD USA/AI 1.19/11 APPENDIX 5 (REV.WRC-1923) …. TABLE 5-1 (continued) (Rev.WRC-1923) Frequency bands Reference (and Region) of the service for Calculation of Case Threshold/condition Remarks which coordination method Article 9 is sought No. 9.7 2bis) 13.4-13.65 GHz i) Bandwidth overlap, and GSO/GSO (Region 1) ii) any network in the space research service (cont.) (SRS) or any network in the FSS and any associated space operation functions (see No. 1.23) with a space station within an orbital arc of ±6° of the nominal orbital position of a proposed network in the FSS or SRS 3) 17.7-19.7 GHz, i) Bandwidth overlap, and (Regions 2 and 3), ii) any network in the FSS and any associated 17.3-19.7 GHz space operation functions (see No. 1.23) (Region 1 and 2) and with a space station within an orbital arc of 27.5-29.5 GHz 8° of the nominal orbital position of a proposed network in the FSS 3bis) 19.7-20.2 GHz and i) Bandwidth overlap, and 29.5-30 GHz ii) any network in the FSS or in the mobile- satellite service (MSS) and any associated space operation functions (see No. 1.23) with a space station within an orbital arc of 8° of the nominal orbital position of a proposed network in the FSS or in the MSS. 74 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 Reasons: Consequential, Covers the coordination of two GSO networks of the FSS (except earth stations operating in opposite directions of transmission) under No. 9.7. SUP USA/AI 1.19/12 RESOLUTION 174 (WRC 19) Primary allocation to the fixed-satellite service in the space-to-Earth direction in the frequency band 17.3-17.7 GHz in _____________________ 75 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 WAC-23/62 (08.31.2022) UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PROPOSALS FOR THE WORK OF THE CONFERENCE Agenda item 10 10 to recommend to the Council items for inclusion in the agenda for the next WRC, and to give its views on the preliminary agenda for the subsequent conference and on possible agenda items for future conferences, in accordance with Article 7 of the Convention, Draft Proposal for a WRC-27 Agenda Item Spectrum allocation and associated regulatory provisions to support use of the 51.4-52.4 GHz fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space) frequency band for gateway earth stations operating with non-geostationary-satellite orbit FSS systems Background: Today, non-geostationary orbit (non-GSO) satellite systems provide a wide range of broadband services in the fixed-satellite service (FSS) to a rapidly growing customer base, with more systems to come. Advances in satellite technologies are allowing a variety of new services including innovative broadband, video and mobile services covering all corners of the globe and providing service to places and regions not covered by traditional terrestrial services and that, accordingly, are missing out on the benefits of new and innovative telecommunications services. In addition to adding broadband connectivity, non-GSO FSS systems also support a number of important public interest initiatives including tele-health, tele- education and public protection and disaster relief. The technological progress in radio communication enables the satellite industry to offer much more capacity today with much less spectrum. This applies to the fixed-satellite service whether operating in the geostationary or non-geostationary orbits. The satellite industry takes this development into account by using the most spectrum efficient technologies, including advances in spot-beam technologies and frequency re-use. In addition, for some satellite applications, such as gateways, sharing with other radiocommunication services could be more easily accomplished. However, even with this efficiency, demand for fixed-satellite service outpaces the spectrum available for this service today. There is growing demand for fixed-satellite service, including broadband and data services which in many rural and remote locations are the only ways of receiving these important communication services. Therefore, non-gSO satellite operators are seeking access to additional FSS spectrum to satisfy requirements for existing and new services, including broadband services. The need for additional FSS spectrum in the 50 GHz range for non-GSO FSS gateway uplinks was established in response to agenda item 9.1.9 for WRC-19 in Report ITU-R S.2461. These studies included the need for spectrum for both non-GSO and GSO FSS networks. The spectrum needs for GSO were successfully addressed by adopting an allocation at WRC-19 to GSO use of the frequency band 51.4-52.4 GHz. This proposal considers expanding the use of the FSS (Earth-to-space) frequency band 51.4-52.4 GHz to address the spectrum needs of non-GSO FSS networks in accordance with the spectrum needs identified in Report ITU-R S.2461. Other services, including GSO FSS gateway uplinks, will be taken into account in the studies, and the analysis will consider the possibility of sharing with existing uses of the band. The specific proposals for this WRC-27 agenda item are provided below: 76 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 Proposals SUP USA/10 (51.4-52.4 GHz NGSO FSS)/1 RESOLUTION 812 (WRC-19) Preliminary agenda for the 2027 World Radiocommunication Conference Reasons: This Resolution must be suppressed, as WRC-23 will create a new Resolution that will include the agenda for WRC-27. ADD USA/10 (51.4-52.4 GHz NGSO FSS)/2 RESOLUTION [A10] (WRC-23) Agenda for the 2027 World Radiocommunication Conference The World Radiocommunication Conference (Dubai, 2023), considering a) that, in accordance with No. 118 of the ITU Convention, the general scope of the agenda for a world radiocommunication conference (WRC) should be established four to six years in advance and that a final agenda shall be established by the ITU Council two years before the conference; b) Article 13 of the ITU Constitution relating to the competence and scheduling of WRCs and Article 7 of the Convention relating to their agendas; c) the relevant resolutions and recommendations of previous world administrative radio conferences (WARCs) and WRCs, recognizing a) that this conference has identified a number of urgent issues requiring further examination by WRC-27; b) that, in preparing this agenda, some items proposed by administrations could not be included and have had to be deferred to future conference agendas, resolves to recommend to the Council that a WRC be held in 2027 for a maximum period of four weeks, with the following agenda: 1 on the basis of proposals from administrations, taking account of the results of WRC-19 and the Report of the Conference Preparatory Meeting, and with due regard to the requirements of existing and future services in the frequency bands under consideration, to consider and take appropriate action in respect of the following items: 1.x to consider the use of the 51.4 – 52.4 GHz band by gateway earth stations transmitting to non- geostationary satellite orbit systems operating in the, fixed-satellite service (FSS) (Earth-to-space) in accordance with Resolution [AI10_51.4-52.4 Non-GSO FSS] (WRC-23); 77 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 . . . invites the ITU Council to finalize the agenda and arrange for the convening of WRC-27, and to initiate as soon as possible the necessary consultations with Member States, instructs the Director of the Radiocommunication Bureau 1 to make the necessary arrangements to convene meetings of the Conference Preparatory Meeting (CPM) and to prepare a report to WRC-27; 2 to submit a draft report on any difficulties or inconsistencies encountered in the application of the Radio Regulations referred in agenda item 9.2 to the second session of the CPM and to submit the final report at least five months before the next WRC, instructs the Secretary-General to communicate this Resolution to international and regional organizations concerned. Reasons: To provide for studies in the 51.4-52.4 GHz frequency band for gateway earth stations of non-GSO FSS in the Earth-to-space direction on a primary basis. ADD USA/10 (51.4-52.4 GHz NGSO FSS)/3 RESOLUTION [AI10_51.4-52.4 NON-GSO FSS] (WRC-23) Studies relating to the use of the 51.4 – 52.4 GHz band by gateway earth stations transmitting to non-geostationary FSS satellite orbit systems (Earth-to-space) The World Radiocommunication Conference (Dubai, 2023), considering a) that satellite systems are increasingly being used to deliver broadband services and can help enable broadband access; b) that next-generation FSS technologies for broadband will increase speeds, with faster rates expected in the near future; c) that technological developments such as advances in spot-beam technologies and frequency reuse are used by the FSS in spectrum above 30 GHz to increase the efficient use of spectrum; recognizing a) the need to protect existing services when considering frequency bands for possible additional allocations to any service; b) that the frequency band 51.4-52.4 GHz is allocated to fixed and mobile services, which will need to be protected, and is available for high-density applications in the fixed service as indicated in No. 5.547; d) that Report ITU-R S.2461includes studies on the spectrum needs for additional FSS spectrum in the Earth-to-space direction for both geostationary-satellite orbit (GSO) FSS networks and non-GSO FSS systems in the frequency band 51.4-52.4 GHz; e) that WRC-19, pursuant to Resolution 162 (WRC-15), allocated the frequency band 51.4-52.4 GHz to the FSS (Earth-to-space) on a primary basis, and also adopted No. 5.555C which limited the use of the FSS allocation to geostationary satellite networks; g) that the need for additional uplink spectrum in the 50 GHz range for non-GSO FSS gateway use continues, 78 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 resolves to invite ITU-R to conduct, and complete in time for WRC-27: 1 sharing and compatibility studies with current and planned stations of existing primary services, , including in adjacent bands as appropriate, including protection of fixed and mobile services, to determine the suitability of revising the primary allocation to the FSS in the frequency band 51.4-52.4 GHz to enable use by gateway earth stations of non-GSO FSS systems (Earth-to-space); 2 compatibility studies between NGSO FSS (E-s) gateway stations and systems operating in the passive frequency band 52.6-54.25 GHz; 4 studies regarding the protection of GSO FSS networks and associated gateway earth stations from the emissions of non-GSO FSS systems and associated gateways, instructs the Director of the Radiocommunication Bureau to report on the results of the ITU-R studies to WRC-27, invites administrations to participate actively in these studies by submitting contributions to ITU-R. Reasons: To conduct studies on the possibility of revising the allocation to the FSS (Earth-to-space) in the frequency band 51.4-52.4 GHz, and associated regulatory provisions, to enable use by non-GSO FSS gateway stations on a primary basis. ATTACHMENT PROPOSAL FOR FUTURE AGENDA ITEM FOR [XXX] Subject: Proposed Future WRC Agenda Item for WRC-2027 to consider, based on the results of ITU-R studies, revisions to the allocation to the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space) in the 51.4-52.4 GHz band, and associated regulatory provisions, to enable use by non-geostationary satellite orbit (non-GSO) FSS gateway earth stations with a minimum antenna diameter of 2.4 meters in accordance with Resolution [AI10_51.4-52.4 Non-GSO FSS] (WRC-23). Origin: United States of America Proposal: to conduct studies with a view to removing the limitation in No. 5.555C of the Radio Regulations to geostationary-satellite orbit (GSO) FSS networks to meet established non-GSO FSS spectrum needs in accordance with Resolution [AI10_51.4-52.4 Non-GSO FSS] (WRC-23). Background/reason: To expand the availability of FSS gateway uplink spectrum in the 50 GHz range to meet documented requirements of non-GSO FSS systems. Radiocommunication services concerned: Fixed-satellite service, fixed service, mobile service, Earth exploration satellite service, radio astronomy service Indication of possible difficulties: None foreseen Previous/ongoing studies on the issue: Studies on spectrum needs for non-GSO FSS systems in this frequency range were conducted for WRC-19 and included in Report ITU-R S.2461; sharing/compatibility studies not including non-GSO FSS systems in this frequency range are included in Report ITU-R S.2463. Studies to be carried out by: ITU-R Study with the participation of: Group 4 SGs 5 and 7 ITU-R Study Groups concerned: SG 4, SG 5, and SG 7 79 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 ITU resource implications, including financial implications (refer to CV126): Minimal Common regional proposal: Yes/No Multicountry proposal: Yes/No Number of countries: Remarks _____________________ 80 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 WAC-23/063 (08.31.2022) UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DRAFT PROPOSALS FOR THE WORK OF THE CONFERENCE AGENDA ITEM 7: to consider possible changes, and other options, in response to Resolution 86 (Rev. Marrakesh, 2002) of the Plenipotentiary Conference, an advance publication, coordination, notification and recording procedures for frequency assignments pertaining to satellite networks, in accordance with Resolution 86 (Rev.WRC-07), in order to facilitate rational, efficient and economical use of radio frequencies and any associated orbits, including the geostationary satellite orbit; Resolution 86 (Rev.WRC-07) – Implementation of Resolution 86 (Rev. Marrakesh, 2002) of the Plenipotentiary Conference Editor’s Note: This document presents the comments of IWG-4/WAC-23 on the NTIA proposal for Agenda Item 7, Topic D[1] in Doc. IWG-4/026. However, the revisions in this document are against a baseline that is the draft IAP for AI 7, Topic D1 in Doc. CITEL/GT/CMR-23/doc. 038/22 rev.1, with changes incorporated from the NTIA proposal in Doc. IWG-4/026. Topic D1 - Modifications to Appendix 1 to Annex 4 of RR Appendix 30B BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Appendix 1 to Annex 4 of Appendix 30B of the Radio Regulations deals with the method to determine the overall single-entry and aggregate carrier-to-interference (C/I) value averaged over the necessary bandwidth of the modulated carrier. The World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC) 2019 adopted modifications to sections 1.1 and 1.2 of Annex 4 of RR Appendix 30B by amending the minimum orbital separation between GSO satellite networks to be exceeded in order to be considered as unaffected and not be identified by the Bureau when performing its examination under § 6.5 of RR Appendix 30B. The minimum orbital separations were changed from 10° and 9° to 7° and 6°, in §§ 1.1 and 1.2 of Annex 4 of RR Appendix 30B, respectivelyreplacing 10 and 9 degrees as the minimum orbital separation by 7 and 6 degrees, respectively. However, these modifications were not reflected in section 2 of Appendix 1 to Annex 4 of RR Appendix 30B where 10 and 9 degrees are still referred to for the calculation of the aggregate C/I ratio at any given downlink test point. WRC-23 agenda item 7, Topic D1, considers this discrepancy and proposes to align Appendix 1 to Annex 4 of RR Appendix 30B with the values of orbital separation in §§ 1.1 and 1.2 of Annex 4 of RR Appendix 30B. With these modifications, the method proposed in Appendix 1 to Annex 4 of RR Appendix 30B will a method has been developed, which is to modify section 2 of Appendix 1 to Annex 4 of RR Appendix 30B to align the values of orbital separation with those in sections 1.1 and 1.2 of the Annex adopted by WRC- 19. 81 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 Proposal: MOD USA/7D(1)/1 APPENDIX 30B (REV.WRC-2319) Provisions and associated Plan for the fixed-satellite service in the frequency bands 4 500-4 800 MHz, 6 725-7 025 MHz, 10.70-10.95 GHz, 11.20-11.45 GHz and 12.75-13.25 GHz ANNEX 4 (REV.WRC-1923) Criteria for determining whether an allotment or an assignment is considered to be affected15bis APPENDIX 1 TO ANNEX 4 (REV.WRC-0723) Method for determination of the overall single-entry and aggregate carrier-to-interference value averaged over the necessary bandwidth of the modulated carrier II. 2 AGGREGATE C/I The aggregate (C/I)agg at a given downlink test point is given by: (C / I ) t j  n  10  (C / I )agg  10 log10  10  dB j    j = 1, 2, 3 . . . n, where: (C/I)tj: overall carrier-to-interference ratio due to interference from the j-th allotment or assignment calculated using the method for overall single-entry (C/I)t as provided in § 1 of Appendix 1 to this Annex; and n: total number of interfering allotments or assignments for which the orbital separation with the desired satellite is less than or equal to 710° in the case of the 6/4 GHz band and less than or equal to 69° in the case of the 13/10-11 GHz band. Reasons: toTo align Appendix 1 to Annex 4 of RR Appendix 30B with the orbital spacing values contained in §§ 1.1 and 1.2 of Annex 4 to Appendix 30B (Rev. WRC-19) and incorporate the Rule of Procedure on Section 2 of Appendix 1 to Annex 4 in the RR. ______________ 15bis For frequency assignments recorded in the List and brought into use before 23 November 2019, the criteria of § 2.2 of this Annex are not applicable. (WRC-19) 82 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 WAC-23/064 (08.31.2022) UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DRAFT PROPOSALS FOR THE WORK OF THE CONFERENCE Agenda Item 4: in accordance with Resolution 95 (Rev.WRC-19), to review the Resolutions and Recommendations of previous conferences with a view to their possible revision, replacement or abrogation; Background: Resolution 655 (WRC-15) tasked the ITU-R with studies and other work items related to the definition of time scale and dissemination of time scale via radiocommunication systems. This included strengthening the cooperation between ITU-R and BIPM, the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM), CGPM, as well as other relevant organizations, and to carry out a dialogue concerning the expertise of each organization, to further and more widely study the various aspects of current and potential future reference time scales, including their impacts and applications, to provide advice on the content and structure of time signals to be disseminated by radiocommunication systems, using the combined expertise of the relevant organizations, and to prepare one or more reports containing the results of studies that should include one or more proposals to determine the reference time scale and address other issues mentioned previously. This work, as originally proposed in Resolution 655 (WRC-15), is complete. The United States proposes changes to this Resolution to reflect the completion of the work items as well as to acknowledge the ongoing cooperation between the ITU and other relevant organizations in the various aspects of current and potential future reference time scales and the role of the ITU-R in the dissemination of the international reference time scale by radiocommunication. The United States also proposes adding CGPM Resolution 2 (2018) as an annex to Resolution 655 (WRC-15). This resolution of the CGPM is the basis for the roles of the ITU and other relevant organizations, under the memorandum of understanding between the ITU and the BIPM, in the definition of and dissemination of the international reference time scale. It is provided in an annex for reference. Proposals: MOD USA/4293A21/1 RESOLUTION 655 (Rev.WRC-2315) Definition of time scale and dissemination of time signals via radiocommunication systems The World Radiocommunication Conference (DubaiGeneva, 202315), considering a) that the ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) is responsible for providing advice on the content and structure of time signals to be disseminated via radiocommunication systems, including the dissemination of time signals via radiocommunication for defining the standard frequency and time signal service and the standard frequency and time signal-satellite service for the dissemination of time signals via radiocommunication; 83 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 b) that the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) is responsible for establishing and maintaining the second of the International System of Units (SI) and its dissemination through the reference time scale; c) that the definition of reference time scale and dissemination of time signals via radiocommunication systems are important for applications and equipment that require a time traceable to the reference time, considering further a) that ITU-R is an organization member of the Consultative Committee for Time and Frequency (CCTF) and participates in the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) as an observer; b) that BIPM is a Sector Member of ITU-R and participates in the relevant activities of ITU-R, noting a) that the international reference time scale is the legal basis for time-keeping for many countries, and de facto is the time scale used in the majority of countries; b) that disseminated time signals are used not only in telecommunications but also in many industries and practically all areas of human activities; c) that time signals are disseminated by both wired communications covered by Recommendations of the ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) and by systems of different radiocommunication services (space and terrestrial), including the standard frequency and time signal service for which ITU-R is responsible, recognizing a) that No. 26.1 states that: “Attention should be given to the extension of this service to those areas of the world not adequately served”; b) that No. 26.6 states that: “In selecting the technical characteristics of standard frequency and time signal transmissions, administrations shall be guided by the relevant ITU-R Recommendations”; c) that the current original definition of the international reference time scale UTC resulted from work completed in 1970 by the International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR) of the ITU, in full cooperation with the CGPM; d) that the ITU World Administrative Radio Conference 1979 (WARC-79) included UTC in the Radio Regulations, and since then UTC, as “strongly endorsed” in Resolution 5 of CGPM (1975), has been used as the main time scale for telecommunication networks (wired and wireless) and for other time- related applications and equipment; e) that the ITU and the BIPM entered into a memorandum of understanding13 recognizing the respective responsibilities of the relevant unions and organizations towards the dissemination of the international reference time scale via telecommunication; f) that and the definition of the international reference time scale, as is described in CGPM Resolution 2 (2018) in the Annex of this Resolution, resolves to invite the ITU Radiocommunication Sector 1 to continue strengthen the cooperation between the ITU-R and the BIPM, the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM), CGPM, as well as other relevant organizations, and to carry out a dialogue concerning the various aspects of current and potential future reference time scales, including their impacts and applications, according to the expertise of each organization; 2 to further and more widely study in cooperation with the relevant international organizations, concerned industries and user groups, through the participation of the membership, the various aspects of current and potential future reference time scales, including their impacts and applications; 13 The Memorandum of Understanding between the BIPM and ITU was signed by the President of the CIPM and the Director BR of the ITU in 2020 84 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 23 to provide advice on the content and structure of time signals to be disseminated by radiocommunication systems, using the combined expertise of the relevant organizations, as described in the relevant ITU-R Recommendations,; 4 to prepare one or more reports containing the results of studies that should include one or more proposals to determine the reference time scale and address other issues mentioned in 1, 2 and 3 above, resolves that until WRC-23, UTC as described in Recommendation ITU-R TF.460-6 shall continue to apply, and for most practical purposes associated with the Radio Regulations, UTC is equivalent to mean solar time at the prime meridian (0° longitude), formerly expressed in GMT, instructs the Director of the Radiocommunication Bureau 1 to invite the relevant international organizations such as the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), CGPM, CIPM, BIPM, the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS), the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), the International Union of Radio Science (URSI), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the International Astronomical Union (IAU) to participate in the work mentioned in resolves to invite the ITU Radiocommunication Sector; 2 to report on the progress of this Resolution to WRC-23, invites the Director of the Telecommunication Development Bureau to assist the participation of developing countries in meetings, within approved budgetary resources, invites administrations to participate in the studies by submitting contributions to ITU-R, instructs the Secretary-General to bring this Resolution to the attention of IMO, ICAO, CGPM, CIPM, BIPM, IERS, IUGG, URSI, ISO, WMO and IAU. Reasons: The work originally proposed in Resolution 655 (WRC-2315) is complete. The resolves have been modified to emphasize the continuing cooperation between the ITU and other relevant organizations in the various aspects of current and potential future reference time scales and the role of the ITU-R in the dissemination of the international reference time scale by radiocommunication. ADD USA/4293A21/2 ANNEX TO RESOLUTION 655 (Rev.WRC-23) CGPM Resolution 2 (2018) On the definition of time scales The General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM), at its 26th meeting, considering that – Resolution 1 adopted by the CGPM at its 14th meeting (1971) requested the CIPM to define International Atomic Time (TAI), – no complete self-contained definition of TAI has been provided officially by the CIPM, – the Consultative Committee for the Definition of the Second (CCDS) proposed in its Recommendation S2 (1970) a definition which was extended by a Declaration of the CCDS in 1980, 85 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 – the CGPM at its 15th meeting (1975) noted that Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), derived from TAI, provides the basis of civil time, and strongly endorsed this usage, recognizing that – the mission of the BIPM is to ensure and promote the global comparability of measurements, including the provision of a coherent international system of units, – the International Astronomical Union (IAU) and the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) with the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) are responsible for defining reference systems for Earth and space applications, – the International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) is responsible for coordinating the dissemination of time and frequency signals and making relevant recommendations, – the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS), a service of the IAU and IUGG, is responsible for providing information required to relate terrestrial and celestial reference systems, including time-varying measurements of the Earth’s rotation angle, UT1 ˗ UTC, the low-precision prediction of UT1 ˗ UTC for time signal broadcasts, DUT1, and for deciding and announcing leap second insertions, noting that – Resolution A4 (1991) of the IAU defined, in Recommendations I and II, the Geocentric Reference System as a system of space-time coordinates for the Earth within the framework of general relativity, and, in Recommendation III, named the time coordinate of that reference system “Geocentric Coordinate Time” (TCG), – Resolution A4 (1991) of the IAU further defined, in Recommendation IV, Terrestrial Time (TT) as another time coordinate in the Geocentric Reference System, differing from TCG by a constant rate; the unit of measurement of TT being chosen to agree with the SI second on the geoid, – Resolution B1.9 (2000) of the IAU redefined TT to be a time scale differing from TCG by a −10 constant rate: dTT/dTCG = 1 – LG, where LG = 6.969290134 × 10 is a defining constant 2 −2 (the numerical value of LG was chosen to conform to the value W0 = 62636856.0 m s for the gravity potential on the geoid as recommended by Special Commission 3 of the IAG in 1999), – the redefinition of TT in 2000 introduced an ambiguity between TT and TAI as the CCDS had stated in 1980 that TAI was to have “the SI second as realized on the rotating geoid as the scale unit” while the definition of TT does not refer to the geoid, states that – TAI is a continuous time scale produced by the BIPM based on the best realizations of the SI second, and is a realization of TT as defined by IAU Resolution B1.9 (2000), – in the transformation from the proper time of a clock to TAI, the relativistic rate shift is 2 −2 computed with respect to the conventionally adopted equipotential W0 = 62636856.0 m s of the Earth’s gravity potential, which conforms to the constant LG defining the rate of TT, – as stated in the IAU Resolution A4 (1991), TT ˗ TAI = 32.184 s exactly at 1 January 1977, 0h TAI at the geocentre, in order to ensure continuity of TT with Ephemeris Time, – UTC produced by the BIPM, based on TAI, is the only recommended time scale for international reference and the basis of civil time in most countries, – UTC differs from TAI only by an integral number of seconds as published by the BIPM, – users can derive the rotation angle of the Earth by applying to UTC the observed or predicted values of UT1 ˗ UTC, as provided by the IERS, 86 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 – UTC provides a means to measure time intervals and to disseminate the standard of frequency during intervals in which leap seconds do not occur, – traceability to UTC is obtained through local real-time realizations “UTC(k)” maintained by laboratories contributing data to the calculation of UTC, identified by “k”, confirms that 1 International Atomic Time (TAI) is a continuous time scale produced by the BIPM based on the best realizations of the SI second. TAI is a realization of Terrestrial Time (TT) with the same rate as that of TT, as defined by the IAU Resolution B1.9 (2000), 2 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is a time scale produced by the BIPM with the same rate as TAI, but differing from TAI only by an integral number of seconds, and recommends that – all relevant unions and organizations consider these definitions and work together to develop a common understanding on reference time scales, their realization and dissemination with a view to consider the present limitation on the maximum magnitude of UT1 ˗ UTC so as to meet the needs of the current and future user communities, – all relevant unions and organizations work together to improve further the accuracy of the prediction of UT1 ˗ UTC and the method for its dissemination to satisfy the future requirements of users. Reasons: This resolution of the CGPM is the basis for the roles of the ITU and other relevant organizations, under the memorandum of understanding between the ITU and the BIPM, in the definition of and dissemination of the international reference time scale. It is provided in this annex for reference. 87 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 ATTACHMENT (B) WAC-23/067 [NOTE: This document was forwarded on a non-consensus basis] UNITED STATES of AMERICA Proposals for the work of the conference Agenda Item 10 10 to recommend to the Council items for inclusion in the agenda for the next WRC, and to give its views on the preliminary agenda for the subsequent conference and on possible agenda items for future conferences, in accordance with Article 7 of the Convention, Draft Proposal for a WRC-27 Agenda Item Spectrum allocations and associated regulatory provisions to support lunar and cislunar communications in specific frequency bands Background Information: The need urgently exists to accommodate the planned communications and data transmission requirements of long-term and continuous commercial and scientific operations on and around the moon. Operations on the moon’s surface are lunar operations, and operations in the vast void between Earth orbits and the moon are known as cislunar operations. This proposal is for studies to support multi-component end-to-end communications for lunar and cis- lunar operations. The core element is a draft new resolution that directs and focuses the ITU-R studies. This resolution includes the specific frequency bands and services to be considered and the interservice interference cases to be addressed in the studies. It is highly focused on the regulatory measures, including allocation additions or revisions, that are needed to meet very well-defined requirements. The resolution also calls for a report from the ITU-R to WRC-27 on the results of those studies and potential regulatory changes. Administrations in all three ITU Regions have announced and are pursuing lunar missions, with remote unmanned exploration already underway, and with human visits to the Moon set to occur as early as 2025. From there, permanent bases and regular space travel (both crewed and remote-controlled) will be established by the end of this decade or in the early 2030s. This is not speculation. Technological and business model development is underway, and much of this development will transcend the scientific arena and include substantial commercial activity. The Radio Regulations include some provisions (see, e.g., Section V of Article 22) that specifically apply to services on the moon, and the Master International Frequency Register (MIFR) includes a number of assignments from several administrations. Today, however, there are no established commercial options for multi-use lunar/cislunar communications or data storage. Entities around the world have started the 88 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 effort to address this imminent need. In the United States, for example, a comprehensive proposal has been made for a commercial lunar communications relay service – anticipating early use by NASA as well as others with commercial lunar far side and south polar region missions.1 Other business initiatives will follow.2 Again, with lunar and cislunar mission planning underway for activities that will begin within the next few years, this is neither a theoretical nor academic exercise. 3 It is of utmost importance to the successful exploration and conduct of continuous operations on the Moon for there to be a reliable, understandable, usable, and available communications and data architecture in place to handle the communication and data transmissions services such exploration and operation services will require. The timely and effective development of this architecture is essential to the advancement of lunar exploration, scientific research, and the broader commercial lunar economy. The architecture for how the communications requirements for operations in lunar/cislunar space (i.e., cislunar communications relay and data services for missions on the lunar surface and in lunar orbit) and beyond will be structured is rapidly taking shape. Systems, such as Parsec, have been designed to be compatible with NASA’s LunaNet initiative, and create an internet-like architecture to support lunar missions.4 The LunaNet system requirements are intended to promote maximum interoperability and to enable use by a broad range of operators. LunaNet will include networking services capable of moving data between nodes; positioning, navigation, and timing services for orientation and velocity determination; and time synchronization and dissemination and science services providing situational alerts and scientific measurements. Other space agencies around the world are developing similar initiatives, and some space agencies are encouraging commercial development of lunar and cislunar communications systems in the form of public/private partnerships that are now characterizing significant aspects of space activities – from launch services to space habitats and more. The envisioned lunar and cislunar communications system is being designed to enable communications to and from Earth (Earth station) for lunar assets (service user) through lunar orbiting relay satellites (space stations). Surface-to-surface communications would be enabled through the satellite relay link in lunar orbit for surface assets. Communications links, coupled with radiometric navigation techniques to provide location, velocity, and time information to assets on the lunar surface and in lunar orbit, will also be used. The planned system will provide real-time relay capabilities when both ends of the link (Moon and Earth) are visible. Some core elements are likely to be included in all architectures. These elements include: 1 The U.S. Federal Communications Commission is considering an application seeking the establishment of a lunar communications system called “ParsecTM”. See FCC File No. SAT-LOA-20220218-00020, Q43 Full Narrative § 4 (filed Feb. 18, 2022) https://bit.ly/3RaqyO3 (“Parsec Application”) 2 The U.S. Federal Communications Commission is considering an application seeking authority for a lunar lander. See FCC File No. SAT-AMD-20220510-00049, Narrative (filed May 10, 2022), https://bit.ly/3OyIMXz; FCC File No. SAT-LOA-20210423-00055, Narrative (filed Apr. 23, 2021), https://bit.ly/3Ov4Pyz (“IM Application”). 3 See generally Parsec Application; IM Application. 4 See David Israel et al., LunaNet: a Flexible and Extensible Lunar Exploration Communications and Navigation Infrastructure and the Inclusion of SmallSat Platforms, Presentation and Paper before Technical Session XII: Communications at Utah State University Small Satellite Conference, SSC20-XII- 03, at Table 1 (2020), https://bit.ly/3LCI3n0 . 89 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954  Lunar surface communications (functionally similar to terrestrial mobile services that are provided on the Earth’s surface) that are used for robotic vehicles to/from a lunar base, and such lunar node-to-node links as space suits and radio handsets. o Potential frequencies include 390-405 MHz, 406-406.1 MHz, 410-420 MHz, 435-450 MHz, 2400-2480 MHz, 2503.5-2650 MHz, 3400-3700 MHz, 5150-5350 MHz, 5470-5725 MHz, 5850-5925 MHz o The selection of frequency bands used on Earth for land mobile and/or RLAN applications enables these operations to leverage existing products, designs, and chip sets that have already addressed technical challenges in Earth-based applications and are considered good candidates to be space hardened. The other potential bands on the list above have properties that make them desirable for lunar-surface operations. While aligning well to promote technical achievability, this approach also significantly lowers future costs for development and deployment for all potential lunar operators. Additionally, pre-launch testing is simplified when using bands allocated on the Earth’s surface. o Given free space path loss and separation distances, no potential interference into Earth- based land mobile and RLAN services is expected. o For the lunar-surface uses, there is no current allocation that fully covers this element.  Lunar surface to/from lunar-orbiting satellites (similar to Earth-to-space/space-to-Earth links, but using the Moon in place of the Earth.) o Potential frequency bands include 390-405 MHz (cislunar space-to-lunar surface), 435- 450 MHz (lunar surface-to-cislunar space), 23.15-23.55 GHz (cislunar space-to-lunar surface) and 27-27.5 GHz (lunar surface-to-cislunar space), and space research service bands at 2025-2110 MHz (cislunar space-to-lunar surface) and 2200-2290 MHz (lunar surface-to-cislunar space). o The allocation to the space research service (space-to-space) in the 2025-2110 MHz and 2200-2290 MHz bands for lunar surface stations communicating with non-satellite space objects in cislunar space covers the intended use and appears to be consistent with RR Nos. 1.8 and 1.64. The inter-satellite service for the 23.15-23.55 GHz and 27.0-27.5 GHz bands are limited to communications between artificial satellites, so its use for this element may not be achievable. o No current allocation for space research (space-to-space) in the 390-405 MHz, 435-450 MHz, 23.15-23.55 GHz and 27.0-27.5 GHz bands. Space research in these bands would need to include links between artificial satellites and stations on the moon. It is important to confirm that there is no distinction between functionally-equivalent links involving stations on artificial satellites versus those involving stations on space objects on the moon. o Given free space path loss and separation distances from Earth-centric operations (including ISS and fixed-satellite service Earth-to-space links), no potential interference into Earth-centric services is expected, and there will be no need to revisit any prior allocation actions or conditions in the potential bands listed for this element.  Lunar-orbiting satellite inter-satellite links o Potential frequency bands are 23.15-23.55 GHz and 27-27.5 GHz. o This use fits nominally within the ISS definition. o Given free space path loss and separation distances from Earth-centric operations (including ISS and fixed-satellite service Earth-to-space links), no potential interference into Earth-centric services is expected, and there will be no need to revisit any prior allocation actions or conditions in the potential bands listed for this element. 90 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954  Lunar surface-to/from-Earth communications (including telemetry, telecommand, telematics, data transfer, and contingency uses with a limited number of specific Earth stations). o Potential frequency bands include 7190-7235 MHz (Earth-to-lunar surface), 8450-8500 MHz (lunar surface-to-Earth), 22.55-23.15 GHz (Earth-to-lunar surface), and 25.5-27 GHz (lunar surface-to-Earth). o The space research service (Earth-to-space or space-to-Earth) allocation for earth stations communicating with lunar surface space objects applies and appears to be consistent with RR Nos. 1.8, 1.63, and 1.64. It is important to confirm that there is no distinction between functionally-equivalent links involving stations on artificial satellites versus those involving stations on space objects on the moon.  Lunar-orbiting satellites to/from ground stations on Earth (similar to Earth-to-space/space-to- Earth) but the spacecraft are in orbit around a natural satellite of the Earth). o Potential frequency bands include space research service bands at 7190-7235 MHz (Earth-to-space), 8450-8500 MHz (space-to-Earth), 22.55-23.15 GHz (Earth-to-space), and 25.5-27 GHz (space-to-Earth). The frequency bands identified above are technically well suited to accommodate the requirements developed to date. Changes to the Radio Regulations may be necessary in some cases only to accommodate some of the types of traffic, services, and functional capabilities. While new allocations to the space research service (space-to-space) could be a possible outcome of the ITU-R studies, it is important to confirm in all of the new or existing SRS cases that the communications applications fit or can be accommodated within the SRS. Preliminary ITU-R studies have identified factors to be considered in assessing the compatibility of the envisioned lunar and cislunar operations with incumbent services in the specified frequency bands. Continued development and completion of these studies will permit the development of appropriate ITU- R regulatory text to define the cases in which such transmissions may be provided, and allow for a determination of whether the recognition of compatible links can be made via appropriate modifications to Article 5 of the Radio Regulations (where warranted), and provisions for the coordination, notification, and recording of frequency assignments. The specific proposals for this WRC-27 agenda item are provided below: Proposals SUP USA/10 (LUNAR/CISLUNAR)/1 RESOLUTION 812 (WRC-19) Preliminary agenda for the 2027 World Radiocommunication Conference* Reasons: This Resolution must be suppressed, as WRC-23 will create a new Resolution that will include the agenda for WRC-27. 91 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 ADD USA/10 (LUNAR/CISLUNAR)/2 RESOLUTION [A10] (WRC-23) Agenda for the 2027 World Radiocommunication Conference The World Radiocommunication Conference (Dubai, 2023), considering a) that, in accordance with No. 118 of the ITU Convention, the general scope of the agenda for a world radiocommunication conference (WRC) should be established four to six years in advance and that a final agenda shall be established by the ITU Council two years before the conference; b) Article 13 of the ITU Constitution relating to the competence and scheduling of WRCs and Article 7 of the Convention relating to their agendas; c) the relevant resolutions and recommendations of previous world administrative radio conferences (WARCs) and WRCs, recognizing a) that this conference has identified a number of urgent issues requiring further examination by WRC-27; b) that, in preparing this agenda, some items proposed by administrations could not be included and have had to be deferred to future conference agendas, resolves to recommend to the Council that a WRC be held in 2027 for a maximum period of four weeks, with the following agenda: 1 on the basis of proposals from administrations, taking account of the results of WRC-19 and the Report of the Conference Preparatory Meeting, and with due regard to the requirements of existing and future services in the frequency bands under consideration, to consider and take appropriate action in respect of the following items: 1.1 to consider, based on the results of ITU-R studies, spectrum allocation and associated regulatory provisions to support lunar and cislunar communications in specific frequency bands in accordance with Resolution [A10-LUNAR] (WRC-23); . . . invites the ITU Council to finalize the agenda and arrange for the convening of WRC-27, and to initiate as soon as possible the necessary consultations with Member States, instructs the Director of the Radiocommunication Bureau 1 to make the necessary arrangements to convene meetings of the Conference Preparatory Meeting (CPM) and to prepare a report to WRC-27; 2 to submit a draft report on any difficulties or inconsistencies encountered in the application of the Radio Regulations referred in agenda item 9.2 to the second session of the CPM and to submit the final report at least five months before the next WRC, instructs the Secretary-General to communicate this Resolution to international and regional organizations concerned. Reasons: To provide for urgent studies in the specified frequency ranges of the possibility of accommodating lunar and cislunar communications on a basis other than under No. 4.4 of the Radio Regulations. 92 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 ADD USA/10 (LUNAR/CISLUNAR)/3 DRAFT NEW RESOLUTION [A10-LUNAR] (WRC-23) Spectrum allocations and associated regulatory provisions to support lunar and cislunar communications in specific frequency bands The World Radiocommunication Conference (Dubai, 2023), considering a) that scientific and commercial operations on the moon and between the moon and Earth are increasing, and will be robust by later in this decade and into the 2030s; b) that operations on the moon are considered to be lunar operations, and operations in the vast void between the moon and where Earth-orbiting satellites operate (and the Earth itself) are considered to be cislunar operations; c) that the operations referred to in considering a) above will need a reliable, understandable, usable, and available communications and data architecture in place to handle the substantial communication and data transmissions services that support such scientific and commercial operations; d) that the ITU-R has begun preliminary studies on the technical issues associated with lunar and cislunar communications, considering further a) that the architecture envisioned for the operations referred to in considering a) include the following components: i) Lunar surface communications (similar to terrestrial mobile services on the Earth’s surface) that are used for lunar robotic vehicles to/from a lunar base, and such lunar node-to-node links as space suits and radio handsets – with potential frequencies that include: a. frequency bands that are used on Earth for applications in the mobile service at 390-399.9 MHz, 440-450 MHz, 2400-2480 MHz, 2503.5-2650 MHz, 3400-3700 MHz, 5150-5350 MHz, 5470-5725 MHz, and 5850-5925 MHz; b. the space research service (space-to-space) band at 410-420 MHz (also allocated to the mobile service); and c. the frequency bands at 399.9-405 MHz, 406-406.1 MHz, and 435- 440 MHz (allocated to services other than mobile, but which have properties that make them desirable for lunar-surface-only operations); ii) Lunar surface to/from lunar-orbiting satellites (similar to Earth-to-space/space-to- Earth links, but using the Moon in place of the Earth) – with potential frequency bands that include 23.15-23.55 GHz (cislunar space-to-lunar surface) and 27-27.5 GHz (lunar surface-to-cislunar space), and space research service bands at 2025-2110 MHz (cislunar space-to-lunar surface) and 2200-2290 MHz (lunar surface-to-cislunar space), as well as the frequency bands 390-405 MHz (cislunar space-to-lunar surface) and 435-450 MHz (lunar surface-to-cislunar space) that have allocations as described in considering further a) i) above; iii) Lunar-orbiting satellite inter-satellite links (already covered within the definition of inter-satellite service (ISS)) – with potential frequency bands that include the ISS bands at 23.15-23.55 GHz and 27-27.5 GHz; 93 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 iv) Lunar surface-to/from-Earth communications (including telemetry, telecommand, telematics, data transfer, and contingency services involving a limited number of stations on Earth) – with potential frequency bands that include 7190-7235 MHz (Earth-to-lunar surface), 8450-8500 MHz (lunar surface-to-Earth), 22.55-23.15 GHz (Earth-to-lunar surface), and 25.5-27 GHz (lunar surface-to-Earth); v) Lunar orbiting satellites to/from ground stations on Earth (similar to Earth-to- space/space-to-Earth but the spacecraft are in orbit around a natural satellite of the Earth) – with potential frequency bands that include space research service bands at 7190-7235 MHz (Earth-to-cislunar space), 8450-8500 MHz (cislunar space-to-Earth), 22.55-23.15 GHz (Earth-to-cislunar space), and 25.5-27 GHz (cislunar space-to- Earth); b) that lunar missions requiring access to the communications architecture described in considering further a) i) through v) will already be underway before WRC-27; c) that the communications architecture described in considering further a) above could also provide the starting point for consideration of communications on, to, and from celestial bodies in our solar system other than the moon, recognizing a) that the distance between the Earth and the moon will likely mean that low power operations similar to terrestrial mobile operations but performed on the lunar surface, and other non-Earth-centric operations, pose no threat of unacceptable or harmful interference to terrestrial service operations on Earth; b) that the nature of the activities on and around the moon that the envisioned communications architecture will support makes it untenable to rely on No. 4.4, and appropriate allocation and associated regulatory actions are needed to ensure international recognition of the operations and provide certainty and growth opportunities for the long term; c) that there is no current allocation in the frequency bands identified in considering further a) i) above that can accommodate the described lunar surface communications; d) that space research service (space-to-space) allocations in the frequency bands identified in considering further a) ii) above involve communications between artificial satellites and stations on the moon and there is no current space research service (SRS) (space-to-space) allocation in the 23.15-23.55 GHz and 27-27.5 GHz bands that encompasses the described communications between the lunar surface and lunar-orbiting artificial satellites; e) that there is an allocation to the ISS in the 23.15-23.55 GHz and 27-27.5 GHz frequency bands identified in considering further a) iii) above that can accommodate the described communications links between satellites in lunar orbit, with reference to Nos. 5.536, 5.536A, 5.536B, 5.536C, and 5.537 of the Radio Regulations; f) that confirmation that space research (Earth-to-space) and (space-to-Earth) communications can include communications to/from non-satellite space objects would ensure that the current allocation in the frequency bands identified in considering further a) iv) above encompasses the described communications between the lunar surface and ground stations on the Earth’s surface; g) that the current allocation to the SRS in the frequency bands identified in considering further a) v) above has appropriate directionality that can accommodate the described communications between the lunar-orbiting satellites and earth stations on the Earth’s surface; h) that confirmation is needed that the uses of the space research service as envisioned here fit within the “scientific or technological research purposes” component of the definition of the SRS in No. 1.55 of the Radio Regulations; i) that the Radio Regulations already address some communications matters involving lunar and cislunar operations, such as Section V of Article 22, and the Master Register already includes a number of lunar-related assignments; j) that it is desirable to achieve the objective of putting a reliable, understandable, usable, and available communications and data architecture in place, and to keep the number of associated regulatory 94 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 changes to the fewest necessary to provide that framework for the operations referred to in considerings a) and c) above; k) that the purpose of the communications architecture being developed may make it appropriate to consider including regulatory provisions and potential exceptions to current allocations and use cases in a WRC Resolution that can be periodically updated as requirements and experiences change, and minimize or avoid definitional or other changes that could have unintended or farther-reaching consequences, recognizing further a) that the frequency bands at 390-405 MHz, 406-406.1 MHz, 410-420 MHz, 435-450 MHz, 2400- 2480 MHz, 2503.5-2650 MHz, 3400-3700 MHz, 5150-5350 MHz, 5470-5725 MHz, and5850-5925 MHz include primary allocations (in some or all Regions) to the fixed and mobile services, fixed-satellite service, meteorological aids, meteorological satellite, space operation, mobile-satellite service, radiolocation, radiodetermination-satellite service, broadcasting-satellite service, Earth exploration- satellite (passive), radio astronomy, space research (including the limitations on space-to-space applications in the 410-420 MHz band in No. 5.268), standard frequency and time signal-satellite, and/or aeronautical radionavigation service; b) that the frequency bands 23.15-23.55 GHz and 27-27.5 GHz include primary allocations to the fixed, mobile, fixed-satellite service (27-27.5 GHz only), and inter-satellite services, and the space research service bands at 2025-2110 MHz and 2200-2290 MHz include allocations to the space operation service, Earth exploration-satellite service, and fixed and mobile services; c) that the ISS frequency bands at 23.15-23.55 GHz and 27-27.5 GHz include primary allocations to the fixed and mobile services, and Fixed-Satellite Service (Earth-to-space), Earth exploration-satellite service, and space research service, and there are intra-service considerations to be examined for the ISS; d) that the frequency bands at 7190-7235 MHz and 22.55-23.15 GHz envisioned for Earth-to-moon communications include primary allocations to the fixed, mobile, ISS (22.55-23.15 GHz only), Earth exploration-satellite service (Earth-to-space) (7190-7235 GHz only), and space research (Earth-to-space) services; and the frequency bands 8450-8500 MHz and 25.5-27 GHz envisioned for moon-to-Earth communications include primary allocations to the fixed, mobile, ISS (25.5-27 GHz only), Earth exploration-satellite (space-to-Earth) (25.5-27 GHz only), and space research (space-to-Earth) services; e) that No. 1.23 defines space operations service as a “radiocommunication service concerned exclusively with the operation of spacecraft, in particular space tracking, space telemetry and space telecommand”; f) that No. 1.55 defines space research service as a “radiocommunication service in which spacecraft or other objects in space are used for scientific or technological research purposes”; g) that No. 1.8 defines space radiocommunication as “any radiocommunication involving the use of one or more space stations or the use of one or more reflecting satellites or other objects in space and No. 1.64 defines space station as “a station located on an object which is beyond, is intended to go beyond, or has been beyond, the major portion of the Earth's atmosphere”; h) that No. 1.63 defines an earth station as “a station located either on the Earth's surface or within the major portion of the Earth's atmosphere and intended for communication: - with one or more space stations; or - with one or more stations of the same kind by means of one or more reflecting satellites or other objects in space”; i) that Resolution 750 (Rev.WRC-19) applies to the Inter-Satellite Service allocation in the 22.55- 23.55 GHz band to protect Earth-Exploration Satellite Service (passive) in the 23.6-24.0 GHz band from unwanted emissions; emphasizing that despite the allocation and other regulatory actions that may be needed, the spectrum uses described in considering further a) above are designed to be compatible with and complementary to the uses of the identified frequency bands that are being made or planned today in one or more ITU-R regions, 95 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 resolves to invite ITU-R 1 to study and develop, as a matter of urgency, the technical and operational characteristics of a lunar/cislunar communications architecture in the frequency bands and for the purposes identified in considering further a) above; 2 to study, as a matter of urgency, sharing and compatibility between stations functioning in the manner described in considering further a) above and current and planned stations of the existing services allocated in the same frequency bands, while ensuring the protection of primary services referred to in recognizings further a) through d) above, and taking into account recognizings a) and e) above; 3 to develop, for the different types of stations functioning in the manner described in considering further a) above, the technical conditions and regulatory provisions necessary to implement the envisioned communications architecture in the specified frequency bands, including new or revised allocations, as warranted, and new or revised associated regulatory provisions, taking into account the results of the studies above; 4 to complete these studies by the 2027 World Radiocommunication Conference, invites administrations to participate in the studies and to provide input contributions, resolves to invite the 2027 World Radiocommunication Conference to consider the results of the above studies and take necessary regulatory actions, as appropriate. Reasons: To provide a roadmap for the detailed studies that will be required in the conceptually- compatible frequency bands identified for the implementation of the developing architecture. The studies will endeavor to minimize changes to the RR where possible, while establishing a framework for lunar/cislunar communications systems to receive international recognition and have the flexibility to accommodate inevitable future developments. ATTACHMENT PROPOSAL FOR FUTURE AGENDA ITEM FOR [XXX] Subject: Proposed Future WRC Agenda Item for WRC-2027 to consider, based on the results of ITU-R studies, spectrum allocation and associated regulatory provisions to support lunar and cislunar communications in specific frequency bands in accordance with Resolution [A10-LUNAR] (WRC-23); Origin: United States of America Proposal: to enable the establishment of spectrum allocation and associated regulatory provisions to support lunar and cislunar communications in specific frequency bands, on a basis other than under No. 4.4, taking into account the necessary protection of existing services; in accordance with Resolution [A10-LUNAR] (WRC-23); Background/reason: To provide a means for recognizing in the Radio Regulations transmissions on and near the moon (lunar and cislunar), as well as between the moon and the Earth, to support upcoming crewed and unmanned lunar operations in the scientific commercial realms. This study would address technical and regulatory issues in the identified bands. Radiocommunication services concerned: Inter satellite service, Earth exploration satellite, Space research, Space operations. Indication of possible difficulties: None foreseen 96 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 Previous/ongoing studies on the issue: Studies have been initiated in Working Party 7B during the 2019- 2023 ITU-R Study Cycle Studies to be carried out by: ITU-R Study with the participation of: Group 7 SGs 4 and 5 ITU-R Study Groups concerned: SG 7, SG 4, and SG 5 ITU resource implications, including financial implications (refer to CV126): Minimal Common regional proposal: Yes/No Multicountry proposal: Yes/No Number of countries: Remarks _____________________ 97 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 ATTACHMENT (C) National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) draft preliminary proposals, provided on behalf of the Executive Branch agencies. WAC-23/050 (08.22.2022) WAC-23/051 (08.22.2022) _____________________ 98 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 WAC-23/050 (08.22.2022) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Telecommunications and Information Administration Washington, D.C. 20230 Mr. Tom Sullivan Chief, International Bureau Federal Communications Commission 45 L Street NE Washington, DC 20554 Dear Mr. Sullivan: The National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), on behalf of the Executive Branch agencies, provides the attached WRC-23 Agenda Items 1.1 addressing protection of Aeronautical and Maritime Mobile Stations in the frequency band 4800-4990 MHz; 1.2 addressing mid-band IMT studies in the specific bands of 3.3 and 10.5 GHz; 1.8 addressing review and possible revision of Res. 155 (rev.WRC-19) and 5.484B in the frequency bands to which they apply; and 4 addressing Resolutions and Recommendations Review in accordance with Resolution 95. NTIA looks forward to working with FCC in reconciling these proposals for submission to CITEL PCC II as U.S. proposals. Our point of contact is Mr. Charles Glass, NTIA’s WRC Coordinator, who can be reached at (202) 714-1763 or cglass@ntia.gov. Sincerely, 9 August 2022 Steve Molina Deputy Associate Administrator Office of Spectrum Management Enclosures (5) 99 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DRAFT PROPOSALS FOR THE WORK OF THE CONFERENCE AGENDA ITEM 1.1: to consider, based on the results of the ITU-R studies, possible measures to address, in the frequency band 4 800-4 990 MHz, protection of stations of the aeronautical and maritime mobile services located in international airspace and waters from other stations located within national territories, and to review the pfd criteria in No. 5.441B in accordance with Resolution 223 (Rev.WRC-19); III. BACKGROUND: World Radiocommunication Conference 2015 (WRC-15) adopted No. 5.441B which provides some countries with an identification for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) in the frequency band 4 800-4 990 MHz, or portions thereof, under certain conditions including the establishment of a power-flux density (pfd) limit to protect other mobile services. Technical studies to review this limit were conducted during the WRC-19 cycle; however, consensus was not reached. Discussions at WRC-19 resulted in a modification of No. 5.441B to include additional countries in the footnote, and to further review the pfd limits at WRC-23. Resolution 223 was revised to include specific provisions relating to aircraft stations, fixed- service stations, and other ground-based stations of the mobile service operating in portions of the 4 800 – 4 990 MHz band through the following resolves: 3 that in the frequency bands 4 800-4 825 MHz and 4 835-4 950 MHz, in order to identify potentially affected administrations when applying the procedure for seeking agreement under No. 9.21 by IMT stations in relation to aircraft stations, a coordination distance from an IMT station to the border of another country equal to 300 km (for land path)/450 km (for sea path) applies; 4 that in the frequency band 4 800-4 990 MHz, in order to identify potentially affected administrations when applying the procedure for seeking agreement under No. 9.21 by IMT stations in relation to fixed-service stations or other ground-based stations of the mobile service, a coordination distance from an IMT station to the border of another country equal to 70 km applies; In addition, WRC-19 decided that the pfd limits, which are subject to review at WRC-23, do not apply in certain countries through the following resolves: 5 that the power flux-density (pfd) limits in No. 5.441B, which is subject to review at WRC-23, shall not apply to the following countries: Armenia, Brazil, Cambodia, China, Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Lao P.D.R., Uzbekistan, South Africa, Viet Nam and Zimbabwe. Some administrations heavily utilize portions of the 4.8-4.99 GHz frequency band for fixed and mobile (including aeronautical) applications. Many different systems are currently operating in this band, having had to migrate from lower bands in the past. One example is small UAS datalinks that were migrated to this band. In the United States, the 4 940-4 990 MHz band has been the focus of action to expand access, including various opportunities for commercial mobile service operations. 100 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 IV. PROPOSAL: ARTICLE 5 Frequency allocations Section IV – Table of Frequency Allocations (See No. 2.1) MOD USA/1.1/1 4 800-5 250 MHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 4 800-4 990 FIXED MOBILE 5.440A 5.441A MOD 5.441B 5.442 Radio astronomy 5.149 5.339 5.443 Reasons: See the modifications for No. 5.441B below. MOD USA/1.1/2 5.441B In Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Benin, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, China, Côte d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Eswatini, Russian Federation, Gambia, Guinea, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Kazakhstan, Kenya, Lao P.D.R., Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritius, Mongolia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Uganda, Uzbekistan, the Dem. Rep. of the Congo, Kyrgyzstan, the Dem. People's Rep. of Korea, Sudan, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Viet Nam, Zambia and Zimbabwe, the frequency band 4 800-4 990 MHz, or portions thereof, is identified for use by administrations wishing to implement International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT). This identification does not preclude the use of this frequency band by any application of the services to which it is allocated and does not establish priority in the Radio Regulations. The use of IMT stations is subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21 with concerned administrations, and IMT stations shall not claim protection from stations of other applications of the mobile service. In addition, before an administration brings into use an IMT station in the mobile service, it shall ensure that the power flux-density (pfd) produced by this station does not exceed in the band 4 800-4 990 MHz, −155134 dB(W/(m2 · 1 MHz)) produced up to 19 30 km above sea level and, in the band 4 800-4 950 MHz, −138 dB(W/(m2 · 1 MHz)) produced from 30 m up to 19 km above sea level, at 20 22 km from the coast, defined as the low-water mark, as officially recognized by the coastal State. This pfd criterion is subject to review at WRC-23. Resolution 223 (Rev.WRC-1923) applies. This identification shall be effective after WRC-19. (WRC-1923) Reasons: The new pfd values in the modified 5.441B at 22 km from the coast are sufficient for the protection of AMS and MMS stations. There are two proposals for pfd in this footnote to accommodate the different receiver characteristics of AMS and MMS as well as the frequency bands these services are allowed to operate in. The new pfd values will raise the operational emissions of an IMT station by 17-21 dB relative to the current level allowing greater flexibility for the IMT operators while still maintaining protection for the AMS/MMS stations. The distance from the coast is changed to 22km to be more closely aligned with the edge of territorial sea as commonly recognized and provides additional propagation loss/higher emission level for an IMT station. Resolution 223 reference is updated to reflect modifications at WRC-23, if any. The 101 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 “subject to review” and “effective after WRC-19” sentences are obsolete once WRC-23 takes place and can be deleted. MOD USA/1.1/3 V. RESOLUTION 223 (REV.WRC-1923) Additional frequency bands identified for International Mobile Telecommunications The World Radiocommunication Conference (Sharm el-SheikhTBD, UAE, 202319), considering a) that International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT), including IMT-2000, IMT- Advanced and IMT-2020, is the ITU vision of global mobile access; b) that IMT systems provide telecommunication services on a worldwide scale regardless of location, network or terminal used; c) that IMT provides access to a wide range of telecommunication services supported by fixed telecommunication networks (e.g. public switched telephone network (PSTN)/integrated services digital network (ISDN), high bit rate Internet access), and to other services which are specific to mobile users; d) that the technical characteristics of IMT are specified in ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) and ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) Recommendations, including Recommendations ITU-R M.1457 and ITU-R M.2012, which contain the detailed specifications of the terrestrial radio interfaces of IMT; e) that the evolution of IMT is being studied within ITU-R; f) that the review of IMT-2000 spectrum requirements at WRC-2000 concentrated on the frequency bands below 3 GHz; g) that at WARC-92, 230 MHz of spectrum was identified for IMT-2000 in the frequency bands 1 885-2 025 MHz and 2 110-2 200 MHz, including the frequency bands 1 980-2 010 MHz and 2 170-2 200 MHz for the satellite component of IMT-2000, in No. 5.388 and under the provisions of Resolution 212 (Rev.WRC-19); h) that since WARC-92 there has been a tremendous growth in mobile communications including an increasing demand for broadband multimedia capability; i) that the frequency bands identified for IMT are currently used by mobile systems or applications of other radiocommunication services; j) that Recommendation ITU-R M.1308 addresses the evolution of existing mobile communication systems to IMT-2000, and that Recommendation ITU-R M.1645 addresses the evolution of the IMT systems and maps out their future development; k) that harmonized worldwide frequency bands for IMT are desirable in order to achieve global roaming and the benefits of economies of scale; l) that the frequency bands 1 710-1 885 MHz, 2 500-2 690 MHz and 3 300-3 400 MHz are allocated to a variety of services in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Radio Regulations; m) that the frequency band 2 300-2 400 MHz is allocated to the mobile service on a co- 102 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 primary basis in the three ITU Regions; n) that the frequency band 2 300-2 400 MHz, or portions thereof, is used extensively in a number of administrations by other services including the aeronautical mobile service (AMS) for telemetry in accordance with the relevant provisions in the Radio Regulations; o) that IMT has already been deployed or is being considered for deployment in some countries in the frequency bands 1 710-1 885 MHz, 2 300-2 400 MHz and 2 500-2 690 MHz and equipment is readily available; p) that the frequency bands 1 710-1 885 MHz, 2 300-2 400 MHz and 2 500-2 690 MHz, or parts thereof, are identified for use by administrations wishing to implement IMT; q) that technological advancement and user needs will promote innovation and accelerate the delivery of advanced communication applications to consumers; r) that changes in technology may lead to the further development of communication applications, including IMT; s) that timely availability of spectrum is important to support future applications; t) that IMT systems are envisaged to provide increased peak data rates and capacity that may require a larger bandwidth; u) that ITU-R studies forecasted that additional spectrum may be required to support the future services of IMT and to accommodate future user requirements and network deployments; v) that the frequency band 1 427-1 429 MHz is allocated to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service in all three Regions on a primary basis; w) that the frequency band 1 429-1 525 MHz is allocated to the mobile service in Regions 2 and 3 and to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service in Region 1 on a primary basis; x) that the frequency band 1 518-1 559 MHz is allocated in all three Regions to the mobile- satellite service (MSS) on a primary basis1; y) that WRC-15 identified the frequency band 1 427-1 518 MHz for use by administrations wishing to implement terrestrial IMT systems; z) that there is a need to ensure the continued operations of the MSS in the frequency band 1 518-1 525 MHz; aa) that appropriate technical measures to facilitate adjacent frequency band compatibility between the MSS in the frequency band 1 518-1 525 MHz and IMT in the frequency band 1 492-1 518 MHz need to be studied; ab) Report ITU-R RA.2332, on compatibility and sharing studies between the radio astronomy service and IMT systems in the frequency bands 608-614 MHz, 1 330-1 400 MHz, 1 400-1 427 MHz, 1 610.6-1 613.8 MHz, 1 660-1 670 MHz, 2 690-2 700 MHz, 4 800-4 990 MHz and 4 990-5 000 MHz; ac) that WRC-15 and this conference identified the frequency band 3 300-3 400 MHz for use by administrations wishing to implement terrestrial IMT systems in Nos. 5.429B, 5.429D and 5.429F; ad) that the frequency band 3 300-3 400 MHz is allocated worldwide on a primary basis to the radiolocation service; ae) that a number of administrations use the frequency band 3 300-3 400 MHz, or portions thereof, which is allocated to the fixed and mobile services on a primary basis in No. 5.429; 1 See Table 21-4 for applicable pfd limits. 103 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 af) that the frequency band 4 800-4 990 MHz is allocated worldwide to the mobile and fixed services on a primary basis; ag) that WRC-15 and this conference identified the frequency band 4 800-4 990 MHz for use by administrations wishing to implement terrestrial IMT systems in countries listed in Nos. 5.441A and 5.441B; ah) that appropriate technical measures may be considered by administrations at a national level to facilitate adjacent frequency band compatibility between radio astronomy receivers in the frequency band 4 990-5 000 MHz and IMT systems in the frequency band 4 800-4 990 MHz, emphasizing a) that flexibility must be afforded to administrations: – to determine, at a national level, how much spectrum to make available for IMT from within the identified frequency bands; – to develop their own transition plans, if necessary, tailored to meet their specific deployment of existing systems; – to have the ability for the identified frequency bands to be used by all services having allocations in those frequency bands; – to determine the timing of availability and use of the frequency bands identified for IMT, in order to meet particular user demand and other national considerations; b) that the particular needs of developing countries must be met; c) that Recommendation ITU-R M.819 describes the objectives to be met by IMT-2000 in order to meet the needs of developing countries, noting a) Resolutions 224 (Rev.WRC-19) and 225 (Rev.WRC-12), which also relate to IMT; b) that the sharing implications between services sharing the frequency bands identified for IMT in No. 5.384A, as relevant, will need further study in ITU-R; c) that studies regarding the availability of the frequency band 2 300-2 400 MHz for IMT are being conducted in many countries, the results of which could have implications for the use of those frequency bands in those countries; d) that, due to differing requirements, not all administrations may need all of the IMT frequency bands identified at WRC-07, or, due to the usage by and investment in existing services, may not be able to implement IMT in all of those frequency bands; e) that the spectrum for IMT identified by WRC-07 may not completely satisfy the expected requirements of some administrations; f) that currently operating mobile communication systems may evolve to IMT in their existing frequency bands; g) that services such as the fixed service, the mobile service (second-generation systems), the space operation service, the space research service and the AMS are in operation or planned in the frequency band 1 710-1 885 MHz, or portions thereof; h) that in the frequency band 2 300-2 400 MHz, or portions thereof, there are services such as the fixed, mobile, amateur and radiolocation services which are currently in operation or planned to be in operation in the future; i) that services such as the broadcasting-satellite service (BSS), the BSS (sound), the MSS (in Region 3) and the fixed service (including multipoint distribution/communication systems) are in operation or planned in the frequency band 2 500-2 690 MHz, or portions thereof; 104 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 j) that the identification of several frequency bands for IMT allows administrations to choose the best frequency band or parts thereof for their circumstances; k) that further study of the technical and operational measures regarding adjacent frequency band compatibility between IMT systems operating below 3 400 MHz and fixed- satellite service earth stations operating above 3 400 MHz may be required; l) that ITU-R has identified additional work to address further developments in IMT; m) that the IMT terrestrial radio interfaces as defined in Recommendations ITU-R M.1457 and ITU-R M.2012 are expected to evolve within the framework of ITU-R beyond those initially specified, to provide enhanced services and services beyond those envisaged in the initial implementation; n) that the identification of a frequency band for IMT does not establish priority in the Radio Regulations and does not preclude the use of the frequency band for any application of the services to which it is allocated; o) that the provisions of Nos. 5.317A, 5.384A, 5.388, 5.429B, 5.429D, 5.429F, 5.441A and 5.441B do not prevent administrations from having the choice to implement other technologies in the frequency bands identified for IMT, based on national requirements, recognizing that for some administrations the only way of implementing IMT would be spectrum refarming, requiring significant financial investment, resolves 1 to invite administrations planning to implement IMT to make available, based on user demand and other national considerations, additional frequency bands or portions of the frequency bands above 1 GHz identified in Nos. 5.341B, 5.384A, 5.429B, 5.429D, 5.429F, 5.441A and 5.441B for the terrestrial component of IMT; due consideration should be given to the benefits of harmonized utilization of the spectrum for the terrestrial component of IMT, taking into account the services to which the frequency band is currently allocated; 2 to acknowledge that the differences in the texts of Nos. 5.341B, 5.384A and 5.388 do not confer differences in regulatory status; 3 that in the frequency bands 4 800-4 825 MHz and 4 835-4 950 MHz, in order to identify potentially affected administrations when applying the procedure for seeking agreement under No. 9.21 by IMT stations in relation to aircraft stations, a coordination distance from an IMT station to the border of another country equal to 300 km (for land path)/450 km (for sea path) applies; 4 that in the frequency band 4 800-4 990 MHz, in order to identify potentially affected administrations when applying the procedure for seeking agreement under No. 9.21 by IMT stations in relation to fixed-service stations or other ground-based stations of the mobile service, a coordination distance from an IMT station to the border of another country equal to 70 km applies; 5 that the power flux-density (pfd) limits in No. 5.441B, which is subject to review at WRC- 23, shall not apply to the following countries: Armenia, Brazil, Cambodia, China, Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Lao P.D.R., Uzbekistan, South Africa, Viet Nam and Zimbabwe, invites the ITU Radiocommunication Sector 1 to conduct compatibility studies in order to provide technical measures to ensure coexistence between the MSS in the frequency band 1 518-1 525 MHz and IMT in the frequency band 1 492-1 518 MHz, including guidance on the implementation of frequency arrangements 105 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 for IMT deployment in the frequency band 1 427-1 518 MHz, taking into account the results of these studies; 2 to study the technical and regulatory conditions for the protection of stations of the AMS and the maritime mobile service (MMS) located in international airspace or waters (i.e. outside national territories) and operated in the frequency band 4 800-4 990 MHz; 32 to continue providing guidance to ensure that IMT can meet the telecommunication needs of developing countries and rural areas; 43 to include the results of the studies mentioned in invites the ITU Radiocommunication Sector above in one or more ITU-R Recommendations and Reports, as appropriate, invites the 2023 World Radiocommunication Conference to consider, based on the results of the studies referred to in invites the ITU Radiocommunication Sector above, possible measures to address, in the frequency band 4 800-4 990 MHz, protection of stations of the AMS and MSS located in international airspace and waters from other stations located within national territories and to review the pfd criteria in No. 5.441B. Reasons: With the more relaxed pfd values in the modified 5.441B at 22 km from the coast, resolves 5 can be deleted to provide a more consistent regulatory condition to all administrations. The other modifications to the Resolution 223 are consequential after the agenda item 1.1 is satisfied at WRC-23. VI. ______________ VII.VI. 106 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DRAFT PROPOSALS FOR THE WORK OF THE CONFERENCE Agenda Item 1.2: to consider identification of the frequency bands 3 300-3 400 MHz, 3 600-3 800 MHz, 6 425-7 025 MHz, 7 025-7 125 MHz and 10.0-10.5 GHz for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT), including possible additional allocations to the mobile service on a primary basis, in accordance with Resolution 245 (WRC-19); BACKGROUND Mobile broadband plays a crucial role in providing access to businesses and consumers worldwide. In 2020, the first year of the pandemic, the number of Internet users grew by 10.2 per cent, the largest increase in a decade, driven by developing countries where Internet use went up 13.3 per cent. According to ITU estimates, the number of active mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants continues to grow strongly, reaching 110 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, including a record number of mobile subscriptions with broadband capacity (3G or better).2 Ninety-five percent of the world’s population lives within reach of a mobile broadband service, and the relatively small difference in the number of subscriptions between developed and developing countries demonstrates that connectivity is a priority among people in countries at all levels of development.3 Fifth generation (5G) provides improved data rates and reduced latency. Importantly 5G has been designed to enable capabilities in a wide range of industries including healthcare, transportation, manufacturing, education, and telemedicine; 5G is expected to have a broad impact on our economies and societies. With demand for IMT applications continuing to increase, additional IMT spectrum identifications in the mid- range frequency bands – with its favourable mix of coverage and capacity - will need to be considered to enable future deployments, where these applications and services might be difficult to implement using lower or higher frequency bands. 3 300-3 400 MHz In Region 2, the frequency band 3 300-3 400 MHz is allocated to the radiolocation service on a primary basis. The fixed service is allocated on a primary basis in seven Region 2 countries under footnote 5.429C. The mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service is allocated on a primary basis in thirteen Region 2 countries under footnote 5.429C with IMT identifications in these countries according to footnote 5.429D. 2 https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/facts/FactsFigures2021.pdf 3 https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/facts/FactsFigures2021.pdf 107 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 Proposals: ARTICLE 5 Frequency allocations Section IV – Table of Frequency Allocations (See No. 2.1) NOC USA/1.2/3.3GHz/1 2 700-3 600 MHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 3 300-3 400 3 300-3 400 3 300-3 400 RADIOLOCATION RADIOLOCATION RADIOLOCATION Amateur Amateur Fixed Mobile 5.149 5.429 5.429A 5.429B 5.430 5.149 5.429C 5.429D 5.149 5.429 5.429E 5.429F Reasons: U.S. studies have shown sharing between IMT and radiolocation systems is not feasible. Separation distances of 120 km or more are required for the protection of shipborne radar and separation distance of 130 km, or more is required for protection of land-based radars. Separation distances of 275-310 km or more are required for the protection of airborne radars, depending on the deployment of IMT BS bandwidth. SUP USA/1.2/3.3GHz/2 RESOLUTION 245 (WRC-19) Studies on frequency-related matters for the terrestrial component of International Mobile Telecommunications identification in the frequency bands 3 300-3 400 MHz, 3 600-3 800 MHz, 6 425-7 025 MHz, 7 025-7 125 MHz and 10.0-10.5 GHz Reasons: Consequential action. ______________ 108 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DRAFT PROPOSALS FOR THE WORK OF THE CONFERENCE Agenda Item 1.2: to consider identification of the frequency bands 3 300-3 400 MHz, 3 600-3 800 MHz, 6 425-7 025 MHz, 7 025-7 125 MHz and 10.0-10.5 GHz for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT), including possible additional allocations to the mobile service on a primary basis, in accordance with Resolution 245 (WRC-19); VIII.VII. IX.VIII. BACKGROUND Mobile broadband plays a crucial role in providing access to businesses and consumers worldwide. In 2020, the first year of the pandemic, the number of Internet users grew by 10.2 per cent, the largest increase in a decade, driven by developing countries where Internet use went up 13.3 per cent. According to ITU estimates, the number of active mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants continues to grow strongly, reaching 110 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, including a record number of mobile subscriptions with broadband capacity (3G or better).4 Ninety-five percent of the world’s population lives within reach of a mobile broadband service, and the relatively small difference in the number of subscriptions between developed and developing countries demonstrates that connectivity is a priority among people in countries at all levels of development.5 Fifth generation (5G) provides improved data rates and reduced latency. Importantly 5G has been designed to enable capabilities in a wide range of industries including healthcare, transportation, manufacturing, education, and telemedicine; 5G is expected to have a broad impact on our economies and societies. With demand for IMT applications continuing to increase, additional IMT spectrum identifications in the mid- range frequency bands – with its favourable mix of coverage and capacity - will need to be considered to enable future deployments, where these applications and services might be difficult to implement using lower or higher frequency bands. 10.0-10.5 GHz In Region 2, the 10-10.5 GHz frequency range is allocated on a primary basis to the Earth exploration- satellite (active) and radiolocation services. Fixed and mobile services are allocated on a primary basis to numerous Region 2 countries under footnote 5.480. In the U.S., there is federal use of the 10-10.5 GHz band for applications of the radiolocation service. The United States also relies upon Earth exploration-satellite (passive) sensors operated by NASA and other space agencies in the nearby 10.6-10.7 GHz band, parts of which are shared with fixed and mobile, except aeronautical mobile, services, subject to Resolution 751 (WRC-07). The 10.68-10.7 GHz portion of the band is subject to footnote 5.340 and is also allocated to the radio astronomy service on a co-primary basis. Measurements collected in the 10.6-10.7 GHz frequency band are used to determine both rain rates and sea surface wind speeds, which have an important role in weather prediction and climate monitoring. Proposals: 4 https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/facts/FactsFigures2021.pdf 5 https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/facts/FactsFigures2021.pdf 109 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 NOC USA/1.2/10GHz/1 ARTICLE 5 Frequency allocations SECTION IV – TABLE OF FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS (SEE NO. 2.1) 10-10.7 GHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 10-10.4 10-10.4 10-10.4 EARTH EXPLORATION- EARTH EXPLORATION- EARTH EXPLORATION- SATELLITE (active) 5.474A SATELLITE (active) 5.474A SATELLITE (active) 5.474A 5.474B 5.474C 5.474B 5.474C 5.474B 5.474C FIXED RADIOLOCATION FIXED MOBILE Amateur MOBILE RADIOLOCATION RADIOLOCATION Amateur Amateur 5.474D 5.479 5.474D 5.479 5.480 5.474D 5.479 10.4-10.45 10.4-10.45 10.4-10.45 FIXED RADIOLOCATION FIXED MOBILE Amateur MOBILE RADIOLOCATION RADIOLOCATION Amateur Amateur 5.480 10.45-10.5 RADIOLOCATION Amateur Amateur-satellite 5.481 Reasons: U.S. studies have shown sharing between IMT and radiolocation systems is not feasible. Separation distances of 225 km or more are required from the edge of the IMT deployment for the protection of airborne radars. Additionally, U.S. studies have shown that compatibility between IMT and EESS (passive) is not feasible. Out-of-band emission levels of -40.4 dBW per 100 MHz or lower are required for the protection of EESS (passive) sensors. 110 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 SUP USA/1.2/10GHz/2 RESOLUTION 245 (WRC-19) Studies on frequency-related matters for the terrestrial component of International Mobile Telecommunications identification in the frequency bands 3 300-3 400 MHz, 3 600-3 800 MHz, 6 425-7 025 MHz, 7 025-7 125 MHz and 10.0-10.5 GHz Reasons: Consequential action. ______________ 111 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 X.IX. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA XI.X. DRAFT PROPOSALS FOR THE WORK OF THE CONFERENCE AGENDA ITEM 1.8: to consider, on the basis of ITU-R studies in accordance with Resolution 171 (WRC-19), appropriate regulatory actions, with a view to reviewing and, if necessary, revising Resolution 155 (Rev.WRC-19) and No. 5.484B to accommodate the use of fixed-satellite service (FSS) networks by control and non-payload communications of unmanned aircraft systems. Background: Agenda item 1.8 was established to revise Resolution 155 (Rev.WRC-19). This resolution was initially adopted by WRC-15 on the use of geostationary-satellite networks in the fixed-satellite service in certain frequency bands for the control and non-payload communications (CNPC) of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Report ITU-R M.2171 identifies the spectrum requirements for unmanned aircraft (UA) command and non-payload communication (CNPC) that would be needed to support flight through non- segregated airspace. Studies on technical and regulatory conditions carried out in advance of WRC-15 showed that the use of FSS networks for UA CNPC is feasible under certain conditions. These conditions include flight scenarios which were provided by ICAO and the existing FSS framework. Furthermore, ICAO studies showed that – based on given FSS characteristic envelopes – the FSS based UAS CNPC can be a working solution compliant to the Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) for the RPAS C2 Link6. WRC-15, under its agenda item 1.5, considered the possibility to use fixed-satellite service (FSS) networks to provide UAS CNPC links and adopted Resolution 155 (WRC-15) in order to benefit the opportunity of using existing satellite transponders. Recognizing the need for further studies on regulatory provisions and technical criteria both within ICAO and ITU, WRC-15 decided that consideration of the outcome of these studies, also taking into account the progress obtained by ICAO in the completion of its SARPs on the use of FSS for the UAS CNPC links, would again be considered by WRC-23. WRC-23 agenda item 1.8 was therefore established by WRC-19 to, in accordance with Resolution 171 (WRC-19), consider appropriate regulatory actions, with a view to reviewing and, if necessary, revising Resolution 155 (Rev.WRC-19) and No. 5.484B to accommodate the use of FSS networks by control and non-payload communications of unmanned aircraft systems. On the basis of the studies called for by Resolutions 171 (WRC-19) and 155 (Rev.WRC-19) that define the conditions for operating in the FSS (see resolves 19 of Resolution 155 (Rev.WRC-19)) in the frequency bands for which No. 5.484B already applies, revisions to Resolution 155 (Rev.WRC-19) and RR No. 5.484B are proposed to accommodate the use of FSS networks by UAS CNPC systems. Proposal: MOD USA/1.8/1 6 In ICAO, an “unmanned aircraft system” (UAS) is referred to as a “Remotely piloted aircraft system” (RPAS), the CNPC link is referred to as C2 Link (Command and Control). 112 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 ARTICLE 5 Frequency allocations Section IV – Table of Frequency Allocations (See No. 2.1) 5.484B Resolution 155 (WRC-15)* shall applyThis frequency band, may also be used for the control and non-payload communication of unmanned aircraft systems. Such use shall be limited to internationally standardized aeronautical systems and in accordance with Resolution 155 (Rev.WRC-23). (WRC-1523) * Note by the Secretariat: This Resolution was revised by WRC-19. Reason: Modification of the footnote improves the clarity to the services and systems for which it applies. MOD USA/1.8/2 RESOLUTION 155 (REV.WRC-2319) Regulatory provisions related to earth stations on board unmanned aircraft which operate with geostationary-satellite networks in the fixed-satellite service in certain frequency bands not subject to a Plan of Appendices 30, 30A and 30B for the control and non-payload communications of unmanned aircraft systems in non-segregated airspaces* The World Radiocommunication Conference (Sharm el-SheikhXXX, 201923), considering a) that the operation of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) requires reliable control and non-payload communication (CNPC) links, in particular to relay air traffic control communications and for the remote pilot to control the flight; b) that satellite networks may be used to provide CNPC links of UAS beyond the line-of-sight, as shown in Annex 1 to this Resolution; c) that CNPC links between space stations and stations on board unmanned aircraft (UA) are proposed permitted to be operated under this Resolution in the primary fixed-satellite service (FSS) in frequency bands shared with other primary services, including terrestrial services, however that would not preclude the use of other available allocations to accommodate this application, considering further that UAS CNPC links relate to the safe operation of UAS and have to comply with certain technical, operational and regulatory requirements, * May also be used consistent with international standards and practices approved by the responsible civil aviation authority. 113 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 noting a) that WRC-15 adopted Resolution 156 (WRC-15) on the use of earth stations in motion communicating with geostationary satellite orbit (GSO) FSS space stations in the frequency bands 19.7- 20.2 GHz and 29.5-30.0 GHz; b) that Report ITU-R M.2171 provides information on characteristics of UAS and spectrum requirements to support their safe operation in non-segregated airspace, recognizing a) that the UAS CNPC links will operate in accordance with international standards and recommended practices (SARPs) and procedures established in accordance with the Convention on International Civil Aviation; b) that, in this Resolution, conditions are provided for operations of CNPC links without prejudging whether the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) would be able to develop SARPs to ensure safe operation of UAS under these conditions; c) that Section VI of Article 22 contains limits on equivalent isotropically radiated power at off-axis angles of 3 degrees or more for earth stations of a geostationary satellite network in the fixed-satellite service in the frequency bands 14-14.47 GHz and 29.5-30 GHz; d) that terrestrial services operate in the frequency bands 10.95-11.2 GHz, 11.45-11.7 GHz, 11.7-12.1 GHz (Region 2), 12.1-12.2 GHz (on the territory of the country listed in No. 5.489), 12.2-12.5 GHz (Region 3), 12.5-12.75 GHz (on the territory of the countries listed in No. 5.494 and in Region 3); e) that terrestrial services also operate in the frequency bands 14.0-14.3 GHz (on the territory of countries listed in No. 5.505), 14.25-14.3 GHz (on the territory of countries listed in No. 5.508), 14.3-14.4 GHz (Regions 1 and 3), and 14.4-14.47 GHz; f) that CNPC links using earth stations onboard unmanned aircraft are not subject to the regulatory provisions that apply to earth stations in motion (ESIM), resolves 1 that assignments to stations of , for CNPC links using Earth stations onboard Unmanned Aircraft (“CNPC UA ES”) communicating with a GSO FSS networks operating inspace station within the frequency bands 10.95-11.2 GHz (space-to-Earth), 11.45-11.7 GHz (space-to-Earth), 11.7-12.2 GHz (space-to-Earth) in Region 2, 12.2-12.5 GHz (space-to-Earth) in Region 3, 12.5-12.75 GHz (space-to-Earth) in Regions 1 and 3 and 19.7-20.2 GHz (space-to-Earth), and in the frequency bands 14-14.47 GHz (Earth-to-space) and 29.5- 30.0 GHz (Earth-to-space), may be used for UAS CNPC links in non-segregated airspace*, provided that or parts thereof, are an application of the primary FSS and the following conditions specified in resolves below are met;shall apply: 1.1 with respect to space services in the frequency bands referred to in resolves 1, the notifying administration of the GSO FSS network shall ensure that its CNPC UA ES complies with the following conditions: 1.1.1 with respect to satellite networks or systems of other notifying administrations, the CNPC UA ES characteristics shall remain within the envelope of characteristics of the typical earth stations associated with the satellite network with which the CNPC UA ES communicates; 1.1.2 that CNPC UA ES shall be designed and operated so as to be able to meet their required performance with interference caused by other satellite networks resulting from application of Articles 9 and 11 and the use of CNPC UA ES shall not cause more interference and shall not claim more protection than any typical earth station in that GSO FSS network; * May also be used consistent with international standards and practices approved by the responsible civil aviation authority. 114 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 1.1.3 the operation of CNPC UA ES shall comply with the coordination agreements for the frequency assignments of the typical earth station of the GSO FSS networks obtained under the relevant provisions of the Radio Regulations, taking into account resolves 3.4; 2 that earth stations in motion on board UA may communicate with the space station of a GSO FSS network operating in the frequency bands listed in resolves 1 above, provided that the class of the earth station in motion on board UA is matched with the class of the space station and that other conditions of this Resolution are met (see also instructs the Director of the Radiocommunication Bureau 3 below); 3 that the frequency bands specified in resolves 1 shall not be used for the UAS CNPC links before the adoption of the relevant international aeronautical SARPs consistent with Article 37 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, taking into account instructs the Director of the Radiocommunication Bureau 4; 4 that administrations responsible for an FSS network providing UA CNPC links shall apply the relevant provisions of Articles 9 (necessary provisions need to be identified or developed) and 11 for the relevant assignments, including, as appropriate, assignments to the corresponding space station, specific and typical earth station and earth station in motion on board UA, including the request for publication in the International Frequency Information Circular (BR IFIC) of items referred to in resolves 2 and the course of actions identified in that resolves in order to obtain international rights and recognition as specified in Article 8; 1.1.4 for the implementation of resolves 1.1.1, the notifying administration for the GSO FSS networks with which the CNPC UA ES communicate shall, in accordance with this Resolution, send to the Radiocommunication Bureau (BR) information on assignments for which the UG station class shall be applied or, alternatively, the relevant Appendix 4 notification information related to the characteristics of the CNPC UA ES intended to communicate with those GSO FSS networks, together with the commitment that the CNPC UA ES operation shall be in conformity with the Radio Regulations, including this Resolution; 1.2 with respect to terrestrial services in the frequency bands referred to in resolves 1, the notifying administration of the GSO FSS network shall ensure that its CNPC UA ES complies with the following conditions: 1.2.1 receiving CNPC UA ES in the frequency bands referred to in recognizing d) shall be designed and operated so as to be able to accept the interference from stations of terrestrial services to which the frequency band is allocated when those stations of terrestrial services operate in accordance with the Radio Regulations; 1.2.2 transmitting CNPC UA ES in the frequency bands referred to in recognizing e) shall be designed and operated so as to not cause harmful interference to stations of terrestrial services to which the frequency band is allocated when those terrestrial stations operate in accordance with the Radio Regulations, and Annex 2 (see instructs the Director of the Radiocommunication Bureau 1) to this Resolution shall apply so as to set the conditions for protecting terrestrial services from harmful interference in neighbouring countries in these frequency bands; 1.2.3 higher pfd levels than those provided in Annex 2 produced by CNPC UA ES on the surface of the Earth within any administration shall be subject to the prior agreement of that administration; 1.3 that, in order to protect the radio astronomy service in the frequency band 14.47-14.5 GHz, the notifying administration of the GSO FSS network operating CNPC UA ES in accordance with this Resolution in the frequency band 14-14.47 GHz within line-of-sight of radio astronomy stations are urged to take all practicable steps to ensure that the emissions from CNPC UA ES in the frequency band 14.47-14.5 GHz do not exceed the level and percentage of data loss given in the most recent versions of Recommendations ITU-R RA.769 and ITU-R RA.1513; 5 that earth stations of UAS CNPC links shall operate within the notified and recorded technical parameters of the associated satellite network, including specific or typical earth stations of the GSO FSS network(s) as published by the Radiocommunication Bureau (BR); 6 that earth stations of UAS CNPC links shall not cause more interference to, or claim more protection from, other satellite networks and systems than specific or typical earth stations as indicated in resolves 5 as published by BR; 115 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 7 that, in order to apply resolves 6 above, administrations responsible for the FSS network to be used for UAS CNPC links shall provide the level of interference for the reference assignments of the network used for CNPC links upon request by an administration authorizing the use of UAS CNPC links within its territory; 8 that earth stations of UAS CNPC links of a particular FSS network shall not cause more interference to, or claim more protection from, stations of terrestrial services than specific or typical earth stations of that FSS network as indicated in resolves 5 that have been previously coordinated and/or notified under relevant provisions of Articles 9 and 11; 2 that CNPC UA ES: 2.1 using station class UG are permitted to communicate with a space station of a GSO FSS satellite network operating in the frequency bands listed in resolves 1 and limited to the frequency bands listed in resolves 1 when communicating with a space station of a GSO FSS satellite network under this Resolution; 9 that the use of 2.2 assignments of an FSS satellite network for UAS CNPC links shall not constrain other FSS satellite networks beyond those already imposed by typical earth stations associated with the network during the application of the provisions of Articles 9 and 11 nor 10 that the introduction of UAS CNPC links shall not result in additional coordination constraints on terrestrial services under Articles 9 and 11; 2.3 in the application of this Resolution does not provide a regulatory status different from that derived from the GSO FSS networks with which they communicate, taking into account the provisions referred to in this Resolution (see resolves 3.4); 11 that earth stations on board UA shall be designed and operated so as to be able to accept the interference caused by terrestrial services operating in conformity with the Radio Regulations in the frequency bands listed in resolves 1 without complaints under Article 15; 12 that earth stations on board UA shall be designed and operated so as to be able to operate with interference caused by other satellite networks resulting from application of Articles 9 and 11; 133 that, in order to ensure freedom from harmful interference, that may affect safety-of-flight operation of UAS, the notifying administrations of the GSO FSS network shall cooperate with the administration of the country in which the UA is registered responsible for operating UAS CNPC links shallto: –3.1 ensure that the use of UAS CNPC linksCNPC UA ES be is in accordance with international standards and recommended practices (SARPs) consistent with Article 37 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation; –3.2 take the required measures, consistent with No. 4.10, to ensure freedom from harmful interference to earth stations on board UACNPC UA ES and operated in accordance with this Resolution; –3.3 act immediately when their attention is drawn to any such harmful interference, as freedom from harmful interference to UAS CNPC linksCNPC UA ES is imperative to ensure their safe operation, taking into account resolves 11 1.2.1; –3.4 use assignments associated with the GSO FSS networks for UAS CNPC linksCNPC UA ES (see Figure 1 in Annex 1), including frequency assignments to space stations, specific or typical earth stations and earth stations on board UACNPC UA ES (see resolves 2.2), that have been successfully coordinated under Article 9 (including provisions identified in resolves 4 1.1.4) and recorded in the Master International Frequency Register (MIFR) with a favourable finding under Article 11, including Nos. 11.31, 11.32 or 11.32A where applicable, and except those frequency assignments that have not successfully completed coordination procedures under No. 11.32 by applying Appendix 5 § 6.d.i (see instructs the Director of the Radiocommunication Bureau 2); – ensure that real-time interference monitoring, estimation and prediction of interference risks and planning solutions for potential interference scenarios are addressed by FSS operators and UAS operators with guidance from aviation authorities; 116 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 14 that, unless otherwise agreed between the administrations concerned, UA CNPC earth stations shall not cause harmful interference to terrestrial services of other administrations (see also Annex 2 to this Resolution); 3.5 use techniques to maintain antenna pointing accuracy for the operation of CNPC UA ES with the associated GSO FSS satellites, without inadvertently tracking adjacent GSO satellites; 3.6 take all necessary measures so that CNPC UA ES are subject to permanent monitoring and control by a network control and monitoring centre (NCMC) or equivalent facility in order to comply with the provisions in this Resolution; 3.7 provide NCMC or equivalent facility permanent points of contact for the purpose of tracing any suspected cases of harmful interference from CNPC UA ES and to immediately respond to requests from the points of contact of authorizing administrations; 4 that the procedures in Section VI of Article 15 apply when: 4.1 CNPC UA ES causes harmful interference to stations of primary allocated services that are operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations; 4.2 CNPC UA ES receives harmful interference from stations of a primary allocated service that are not operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations; 4.3 CNPC UA ES receives harmful interference from stations of other than a primary allocated service. 5 that the notifying administration of the GSO FSS network shall ensure that the operation of CNPC UA ES within the territories, including territorial waters and territorial airspaces, of an administration shall be carried out only if authorized by that administration, 15 that, in order to implement resolves 14 above, power flux-density (pfd) hard limits need to be developed for UAS CNPC links; possible examples of such provisional limits to protect the fixed service are provided in Annex 2; subject to agreement between the administrations concerned, that annex may be used for the implementation of this Resolution; 16 that the pfd hard limits provided in Annex 2 shall be reviewed and, if necessary, revised by WRC-231; 17 that, in order to protect the radio astronomy service in the frequency band 14.47-14.5 GHz, administrations operating UAS in accordance with this Resolution in the frequency band 14-14.47 GHz within line-of-sight of radio astronomy stations are urged to take all practicable steps to ensure that the emissions from the UA in the frequency band 14.47-14.5 GHz do not exceed the levels and percentage of data loss given in the most recent versions of Recommendations ITU-R RA.769 and ITU-R RA.1513; 18 to consider the progress obtained by ICAO in the process of preparation of SARPs for UAS CNPC links, to review this Resolution at WRC-23, taking into account the results of the implementation of Resolution 156 (WRC-15), and to take necessary actions as appropriate; 19 that the ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) studies on technical, operational and regulatory aspects in relation to the implementation of this Resolution shall be completed, together with the adoption of relevant ITU-R Recommendations defining the technical characteristics of CNPC links and conditions of sharing with other services, encourages administrations 1 to provide the relevant information where available in order to facilitate the application of resolves 6; 1 WRC-19 received a proposal from one regional organization regarding protection of the fixed service using a revised pfd mask as contained in Annex 2 section b). ITU-R is invited, in continuing its study on the implementation of this Resolution, to consider this mask and take necessary action as appropriate. 117 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 2 to participate actively in the studies referred to in invites the ITU Radiocommunication Sector by submitting contributions to ITU-R, invites the 2023 World Radiocommunication Conference to consider the results of the above studies referred to in this Resolution with a view to reviewing and, if necessary, revising this Resolution, and take necessary actions, as appropriate, invites the ITU Radiocommunication Sector to conduct, as a matter of urgency, relevant studies of technical, operational and regulatory aspects in relation to the implementation of this Resolution1, instructs the Director of the Radiocommunication Bureau 1 upon receipt of the notification information referred to in resolves 1.1.4, the BR shall examine it with respect to conformity with resolves 1.1.1, the commitment received as required by resolves 1.1.4, conformity with resolves 3.4, and conformity with the power flux-density (pfd) limits on the Earth’s surface specified in Annex 2 and with any agreements obtained as referred to in resolves 1.2.3; 2 if the finding from the examination in instructs 1 is favourable, the BR shall publish the modified or additional assignment along with the results of such examinations in the International Frequency Information Circular (BR IFIC) and the modified or additional assignment shall retain the priority date of protection with that of the existing assignment, to examine the relevant part of this Resolution requiring actions to be taken by administrations to implement this Resolution, with a view to sending it to administrations and posting it on the ITU website; 2 to present to subsequent WRCs a progress report relating to the implementation of this Resolution; 3 to define a new class of station in order to be able to process satellite network filings submitted by administrations for earth stations providing UA CNPC links, after the Resolution is implemented, in accordance with this Resolution, and publish the information as referred to in resolves 4; 4 not to process satellite network filing submissions by administrations with a new class of a station for earth stations providing UA CNPC links before resolves 1-12 and 14-19 of this Resolution are implemented; 5 to report to subsequent WRCs on the progress made by ICAO on the development of SARPs for UAS CNPC links, instructs the Secretary-General to bring this Resolution to the attention of the Secretary General of ICAO, invites the International Civil Aviation Organization to provide to the Director of BR, in time for WRC-23, information on ICAO efforts regarding implementation of UAS CNPC links, including the information related to the development of SARPs for UAS CNPC links. 118 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 ANNEX 1 TO RESOLUTION 155 (REV.WRC-19) UAS CNPC links FIGURE 1 Elements of UAS architecture using the FSS 119 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 ANNEX 2 TO RESOLUTION 155 (REV.WRC-1923) Protection of the fixed terrestrial services from UAS CNPC UA ES emissions a) Example provided to WRC-15 The fixed service is allocated by table entries and footnotes in several countries with co-primary status with FSS. Conditions of UA using CNPC shall be such that the fixed service is protected from any harmful interference as follows: An earth station on board UA in the frequency band 14.0-14.47 GHz shall comply with provisional power flux-density (pfd) limits described below: −132 + 0.5 · θ dB(W/(m2 · MHz)) for 0° ≤ θ ≤ 40° −112 dB(W/(m2 · MHz)) for 40° < θ ≤ 90° where θ is the angle of arrival of the radio-frequency wave (degrees above the horizontal). NOTE – The aforementioned limits relate to the pfd and angles of arrival that would be obtained under free-space propagation conditions. b) Example provided to WRC-19 An earth station on board UA in the frequency band 14.0-14.3 GHz shall comply with the pfd limits described below, on the territory of countries listed in No. 5.505: 15log 0.9   124 dB W/ m2  MHz    for 0° ≤ θ ≤ 90° where θ is the angle of arrival of the radio-frequency wave (degrees above the horizontal). An earth station on board UA: – in the frequency band 14.25-14.3 GHz on the territory of countries listed in No. 5.508; – in the frequency band 14.3-14.4 GHz in Regions 1 and 3; – in the frequency band 14.4-14.47 GHz worldwide, shall comply with the pfd limits described below: 2 15log 0.9   133.5dB W/ m  MHz for 0° ≤ θ ≤ 90° where θ is the angle of arrival of the radio-frequency wave (degrees above the horizontal). NOTE – The aforementioned limits relate to the pfd and angles of arrival that would be obtained under free-space propagation conditions. Reason: Modifications to Resolution 155 (Rev.WRC-19) removes provisions that are no longer required, improves clarity on actionable responsibilities, and eliminates duplications. SUP USA/1.8/3 120 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 RESOLUTION 171 (WRC-19) Review and possible revision of Resolution 155 (Rev.WRC-19) and No. 5.484B in the frequency bands to which they apply Reason: Consequential action. ______________ 121 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 XII.XI. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA XIII.XII. DRAFT PROPOSALS FOR THE WORK OF THE CONFERENCE Agenda Item 4: in accordance with Resolution 95 (Rev.WRC-19), to review the Resolutions and Recommendations of previous conferences with a view to their possible revision, replacement or abrogation; Background: Resolution 655 (WRC-15) tasked the ITU-R with studies and other work items related to the definition of time scale and dissemination of time scale via radiocommunication systems. This included strengthening the cooperation between ITU-R and BIPM, the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM), CGPM, as well as other relevant organizations, and to carry out a dialogue concerning the expertise of each organization, to further and more widely study the various aspects of current and potential future reference time scales, including their impacts and applications, to provide advice on the content and structure of time signals to be disseminated by radiocommunication systems, using the combined expertise of the relevant organizations, and to prepare one or more reports containing the results of studies that should include one or more proposals to determine the reference time scale and address other issues mentioned previously. This work, as originally proposed in Resolution 655 (WRC-15), is complete. The United States proposes changes to this Resolution to reflect the completion of the work items as well as to acknowledge the ongoing cooperation between the ITU and other relevant organizations in the various aspects of current and potential future reference time scales and the role of the ITU-R in the dissemination of the international reference time scale by radiocommunication. The United States also proposes adding CGPM Resolution 2 (2018) as an annex to Resolution 655 (WRC-15). This resolution of the CGPM is the basis for the roles of the ITU and other relevant organizations, under the memorandum of understanding between the ITU and the BIPM, in the definition of and dissemination of the international reference time scale. It is provided in an annex for reference. Proposals: 122 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 MOD USA/4293A21/1 RESOLUTION 655 (Rev.WRC-2315) Definition of time scale and dissemination of time signals via radiocommunication systems The World Radiocommunication Conference (DubaiGeneva, 202315), considering a) that the ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) is responsible for the dissemination of time signals via radiocommunication for defining the standard frequency and time signal service and the standard frequency and time signal-satellite service for the dissemination of time signals via radiocommunication; b) that the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) is responsible for establishing and maintaining the second of the International System of Units (SI) and its dissemination through the reference time scale; c) that the definition of reference time scale and dissemination of time signals via radiocommunication systems are important for applications and equipment that require a time traceable to the reference time, considering further a) that ITU-R is an organization member of the Consultative Committee for Time and Frequency (CCTF) and participates in the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) as an observer; b) that BIPM is a Sector Member of ITU-R and participates in the relevant activities of ITU-R, noting a) that the international reference time scale is the legal basis for time-keeping for many countries, and de facto is the time scale used in the majority of countries; b) that disseminated time signals are used not only in telecommunications but also in many industries and practically all areas of human activities; c) that time signals are disseminated by both wired communications covered by Recommendations of the ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) and by systems of different radiocommunication services (space and terrestrial), including the standard frequency and time signal service for which ITU-R is responsible, recognizing a) that No. 26.1 states that: “Attention should be given to the extension of this service to those areas of the world not adequately served”; b) that No. 26.6 states that: “In selecting the technical characteristics of standard frequency and time signal transmissions, administrations shall be guided by the relevant ITU-R Recommendations”; 123 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 c) that the current original definition of the international reference time scale UTC resulted from work completed in 1970 by the International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR) of the ITU, in full cooperation with the CGPM; d) that the ITU World Administrative Radio Conference 1979 (WARC-79) included UTC in the Radio Regulations, and since then UTC, as “strongly endorsed” in Resolution 5 of CGPM (1975), has been used as the main time scale for telecommunication networks (wired and wireless) and for other time-related applications and equipment; e) that the ITU and the BIPM entered into a memorandum of understanding7 recognizing the respective responsibilities of the relevant unions and organizations towards the dissemination of the international reference time scale via telecommunication and the definition of the international reference time scale, as described in CGPM Resolution 2 (2018) in the Annex of this Resolution,, resolves to invite the ITU Radiocommunication Sector 1 to continue strengthen the cooperation between the ITU-R and the BIPM, the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM), CGPM, as well as other relevant organizations, and to carry out a dialogue concerning the various aspects of current and potential future reference time scales, including their impacts and applications, according to the expertise of each organization; 2 to further and more widely study in cooperation with the relevant international organizations, concerned industries and user groups, through the participation of the membership, the various aspects of current and potential future reference time scales, including their impacts and applications; 23 to provide advice on the content and structure of time signals to be disseminated by radiocommunication systems, using the combined expertise of the relevant organizations, as described in the relevant ITU-R Recommendations,; 4 to prepare one or more reports containing the results of studies that should include one or more proposals to determine the reference time scale and address other issues mentioned in 1, 2 and 3 above, resolves that until WRC-23, UTC as described in Recommendation ITU-R TF.460-6 shall continue to apply, and for most practical purposes associated with the Radio Regulations, UTC is equivalent to mean solar time at the prime meridian (0° longitude), formerly expressed in GMT, instructs the Director of the Radiocommunication Bureau 1 to invite the relevant international organizations such as the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), CGPM, CIPM, BIPM, the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS), the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), the International Union of Radio Science (URSI), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the International Astronomical Union (IAU) to participate in the work mentioned in resolves to invite the ITU Radiocommunication Sector; 2 to report on the progress of this Resolution to WRC-23, invites the Director of the Telecommunication Development Bureau to assist the participation of developing countries in meetings, within approved budgetary resources, invites administrations to participate in the studies by submitting contributions to ITU-R, instructs the Secretary-General to bring this Resolution to the attention of IMO, ICAO, CGPM, CIPM, BIPM, IERS, IUGG, URSI, ISO, WMO and IAU. Reasons: The work originally proposed in Resolution 655 (WRC-23) is complete. The resolves have been modified to emphasize the continuing cooperation between the ITU and other relevant 7 The Memorandum of Understanding between the BIPM and ITU was signed by the President of the CIPM and the Director BR of the ITU in 2020 124 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 organizations in the various aspects of current and potential future reference time scales and the role of the ITU-R in the dissemination of the international reference time scale by radiocommunication. ADD USA/4293A21/2 ANNEX TO RESOLUTION 655 (Rev.WRC-23) CGPM Resolution 2 (2018) On the definition of time scales The General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM), at its 26th meeting, considering that – Resolution 1 adopted by the CGPM at its 14th meeting (1971) requested the CIPM to define International Atomic Time (TAI), – no complete self-contained definition of TAI has been provided officially by the CIPM, – the Consultative Committee for the Definition of the Second (CCDS) proposed in its Recommendation S2 (1970) a definition which was extended by a Declaration of the CCDS in 1980, – the CGPM at its 15th meeting (1975) noted that Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), derived from TAI, provides the basis of civil time, and strongly endorsed this usage, recognizing that – the mission of the BIPM is to ensure and promote the global comparability of measurements, including the provision of a coherent international system of units, – the International Astronomical Union (IAU) and the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) with the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) are responsible for defining reference systems for Earth and space applications, – the International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) is responsible for coordinating the dissemination of time and frequency signals and making relevant recommendations, – the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS), a service of the IAU and IUGG, is responsible for providing information required to relate terrestrial and celestial reference systems, including time-varying measurements of the Earth’s rotation angle, UT1 ˗ UTC, the low-precision prediction of UT1 ˗ UTC for time signal broadcasts, DUT1, and for deciding and announcing leap second insertions, noting that – Resolution A4 (1991) of the IAU defined, in Recommendations I and II, the Geocentric Reference System as a system of space-time coordinates for the Earth within the framework of general relativity, and, in Recommendation III, named the time coordinate of that reference system “Geocentric Coordinate Time” (TCG), – Resolution A4 (1991) of the IAU further defined, in Recommendation IV, Terrestrial Time (TT) as another time coordinate in the Geocentric Reference System, differing from TCG by a constant rate; the unit of measurement of TT being chosen to agree with the SI second on the geoid, – Resolution B1.9 (2000) of the IAU redefined TT to be a time scale differing from TCG −10 by a constant rate: dTT/dTCG = 1 – LG, where LG = 6.969290134 × 10 is a defining constant (the numerical value of LG was chosen to conform to the value W0 = 62636856.0 m2s−2 for the gravity potential on the geoid as recommended by Special Commission 3 of the IAG in 1999), 125 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 – the redefinition of TT in 2000 introduced an ambiguity between TT and TAI as the CCDS had stated in 1980 that TAI was to have “the SI second as realized on the rotating geoid as the scale unit” while the definition of TT does not refer to the geoid, states that – TAI is a continuous time scale produced by the BIPM based on the best realizations of the SI second, and is a realization of TT as defined by IAU Resolution B1.9 (2000), – in the transformation from the proper time of a clock to TAI, the relativistic rate shift is computed with respect to the conventionally adopted equipotential W0 = 62636856.0 2 −2 m s of the Earth’s gravity potential, which conforms to the constant LG defining the rate of TT, – as stated in the IAU Resolution A4 (1991), TT ˗ TAI = 32.184 s exactly at 1 January 1977, 0h TAI at the geocentre, in order to ensure continuity of TT with Ephemeris Time, – UTC produced by the BIPM, based on TAI, is the only recommended time scale for international reference and the basis of civil time in most countries, – UTC differs from TAI only by an integral number of seconds as published by the BIPM, – users can derive the rotation angle of the Earth by applying to UTC the observed or predicted values of UT1 ˗ UTC, as provided by the IERS, – UTC provides a means to measure time intervals and to disseminate the standard of frequency during intervals in which leap seconds do not occur, – traceability to UTC is obtained through local real-time realizations “UTC(k)” maintained by laboratories contributing data to the calculation of UTC, identified by “k”, confirms that 1 International Atomic Time (TAI) is a continuous time scale produced by the BIPM based on the best realizations of the SI second. TAI is a realization of Terrestrial Time (TT) with the same rate as that of TT, as defined by the IAU Resolution B1.9 (2000), 2 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is a time scale produced by the BIPM with the same rate as TAI, but differing from TAI only by an integral number of seconds, and recommends that – all relevant unions and organizations consider these definitions and work together to develop a common understanding on reference time scales, their realization and dissemination with a view to consider the present limitation on the maximum magnitude of UT1 ˗ UTC so as to meet the needs of the current and future user communities, – all relevant unions and organizations work together to improve further the accuracy of the prediction of UT1 ˗ UTC and the method for its dissemination to satisfy the future requirements of users. Reasons: This resolution of the CGPM is the basis for the roles of the ITU and other relevant organizations, under the memorandum of understanding between the ITU and the BIPM, in the definition of and dissemination of the international reference time scale. It is provided in this annex for reference. ______________ 126 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 WAC-23/051 (08.22.2022) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Telecommunications and Information Administration Washington, D.C. 20230 Mr. Tom Sullivan Chief, International Bureau Federal Communications Commission 45 L Street NE Washington, DC 20554 Dear Mr. Sullivan: The National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), on behalf of the Executive Branch agencies, provides the attached WRC-23 proposals for Agenda Item 1.6 addressing sub-orbital vehicles, 1.7 addressing a possible new allocation for AMS(R)S at 117.975-137 MHz, 1.10 addressing possible new allocations for the aeronautical mobile service for the use of non-safety aeronautical mobile applications, 1.17 addressing provisions for inter- satellite links, and 7 – Satellite regulatory issues – topic D addressing orbital separation in §§ 1.1 and 1.2 of Annex 4 of RR Appendix 30B. NTIA looks forward to working with FCC in reconciling these proposals for submission to CITEL PCC II as U.S. proposals. Our point of contact is Mr. Charles Glass, NTIA’s WRC Coordinator, who can be reached at (202) 714-1763 or cglass@ntia.gov. Sincerely, 16 June 2022 Steve Molina Deputy Associate Administrator Office of Spectrum Management Enclosures (5) 127 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DRAFT PROPOSALS FOR THE WORK OF THE CONFERENCE Agenda Item 1.6 1.6 to consider, in accordance with Resolution 772 (WRC-19), regulatory provisions to facilitate radiocommunications for sub-orbital vehicles; BACKGROUND INFORMATION: WRC-19 recognized that stations on board sub-orbital vehicles may use systems operating under space and/or terrestrial services, and that the current regulatory provisions and procedures for terrestrial and space services may not be adequate for international use of relevant frequency assignments by stations on board suborbital vehicles. Some inconsistencies were raised during the preparations for WRC-23 agenda item 1.6, between the operational use of stations on-board suborbital vehicles, and the definitions of terrestrial stations in RR No 1.62, earth stations in RR No 1.63, and space stations in RR No 1.64. Radio stations operating on-board suborbital vehicles are currently, and expected in the future, to operate both in frequency bands currently allocated for terrestrial radiocommunication services, and those allocated for space radiocommunication services. While in the RRs, each station shall be classified by the service in which it operates permanently or temporarily (RR No. 1.61), the suborbital vehicle may be physically located within the major portion of Earth’s atmosphere or beyond for a brief period of time, but the physical location of the suborbital vehicle on which the stations are located does not necessarily change the need for, or purpose of, the use of specific radiocommunication services. One objective of Resolution 772 (WRC-19) is to facilitate radiocommunications necessary to safely integrate suborbital vehicles into the same airspace as conventional aircraft during their transition to and from space in order to minimize the airspace disruption. Studies found in Report ITU-R M.2477 show that suborbital vehicle activity requires making unavailable large areas of international and national airspace. This results in airspace disruptions, extra travel time, re-routing flight paths, and additional aircraft fuel consumption. The report shows the feasibility of using existing aircraft avionics systems by suborbital vehicles without modification of the existing Article 5 RR provisions. A WRC Resolution is proposed to clarify the use of frequencies necessary for the safe and efficient operation of suborbital vehicles. 128 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 ADD USA/A1.6/1 RESOLUTION [XYZ] (WRC-23) Radiocommunication Services for Use by Stations On-board Suborbital Vehicles The World Radiocommunication Conference (2023), Considering a) that sub-orbital vehicles operate at higher altitudes than conventional aircraft, with a sub- orbital trajectory; b) that sub-orbital vehicles operate through the lower levels of the atmosphere, where they may operate in the same airspace as conventional aircraft; c) that sub-orbital vehicles may perform various missions (e.g. conducting scientific research or providing transportation) and then return to the Earth’s surface without completing a full orbital flight around the Earth; d) that stations on board sub-orbital vehicles have a need for voice/data communications, navigation, surveillance, and telemetry, tracking and command (TT&C); e) that sub-orbital vehicles must be safely accommodated into airspace used by conventional aircraft during certain phases of flight; f) that there is a need to ensure that equipment installed on sub-orbital vehicles can communicate with air traffic management systems and relevant ground control facilities; recognizing a) that some sub-orbital flights could reach altitudes for a brief period of time in space without sufficient energy to sustain persistent orbit; b) that there is no internationally agreed legal demarcation between the Earth’s atmosphere and the space domain; c) that Report ITU-R M.2477 describes sub-orbital flight as an intentional flight of a vehicle expected to reach the upper atmosphere with a portion of its flight path that may occur in space without completing a full orbit around the Earth before returning back to the surface of the Earth; 129 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 d) that Report ITU-R M.2477 describes a sub-orbital vehicle as a vehicle executing sub-orbital flight; e) that stations on-board sub-orbital vehicles may use systems operating under space and/or terrestrial services; f) that Annex 10 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation contains Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) for aeronautical radionavigation and radiocommunication systems used by international civil aviation; g) that most space launch systems may include components or items not reaching orbital trajectories, but some of these components or items may be developed as reusable items operating on sub-orbital trajectories; noting a) that Report ITU-RM.2477 provides information on radiocommunications for sub-orbital vehicles, including a description of the flight trajectory, categories of sub-orbital vehicles, technical studies related to possible avionics systems used by sub-orbital vehicles, and service allocations of those systems; b) that the provisions of No. 4.10 may apply to certain aspects of sub-orbital vehicle operations; c) that the development of compatibility criteria between International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standardized aeronautical systems is the responsibility of ICAO; resolves 1 that stations on-board suborbital vehicles may be terrestrial stations (RR No. 1.62) and earth stations (RR No. 1.63) and can be used in all phases of flight, within their respective service allocations (RR No. 1.61). The stations shall not impose any new constraints on applications of the same service and other radiocommunication services that are allocated on a primary basis. instructs the Secretary-General to bring this Resolution to the attention of ICAO. invites the International Civil Aviation Organization to take into account this Resolution and relevant portions of Report ITU-R M.2477 in the course of developing SARPs for ICAO systems that may be used by sub-orbital vehicles. 130 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 Reasons: This action will clarify that stations on-board suborbital vehicles may include terrestrial stations and earth stations and they can be used in all phases of flight, within their respective service allocations. SUP USA/A1.6/2 RESOLUTION 772 (WRC-19) Consideration of regulatory provisions to facilitate the introduction of sub orbital vehicles Reasons: This resolution may be suppressed by WRC-23 because of a decision to add a new WRC Resolution clarifying the use of frequencies on-board suborbital vehicles. ______________ 131 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 XIV.XIII. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA XV.XIV. DRAFT PROPOSALS FOR THE WORK OF THE CONFERENCE AGENDA ITEM 1.7: Studies on a possible new allocation to the aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service within the frequency band 117.975-137 MHz in order to support aeronautical VHF communications in the Earth-to-space and space-to-Earth directions (WRC-19) BACKGROUND INFORMATION: The frequency band 117.975- 137 MHz is allocated on a primary basis to the AM(R)S service and used for air-ground, ground-air and air-air systems, providing critical voice and data communications for air traffic management and airline operational control on a global basis. Resolution 428 (WRC-19) invites WRC-23 to consider a new primary allocation to the AMS(R)S based on the results of sharing and compatibility studies. This new AMS(R)S service is intended to support direct pilot-air traffic controller voice as well as data communications in oceanic and remote areas without modifying aircraft equipment. The AM(R)S allocation in 117.975-137 MHz supports Air Traffic Control (ATC) and Aeronautical Operational Control (AOC) systems for aircraft. This includes both standard voice communications but also datalink systems utilizing data messages for ATC and AOC functions to aircraft in the air and on the ground. There is significant utilization by terrestrial VHF systems within this allocation today, thus severely limiting options for new regional or national satellite frequency assignments that would need to be harmonized with existing terrestrial assignments. The ITU-R studies carried out under Resolution 428 (WRC-19) supports a recommendation for a new primary AMS(R)S service in the 117.975 – 136 MHz frequency band provided such an allocation is found to be compatible with existing services. The new allocation must protect existing primary services in and adjacent to the frequency band 117.975-137 MHz and should not constrain the planned usage of those systems. PROPOSAL Support a new primary AMS(R)S allocation in the 117.975 – 136 MHz frequency band, under Resolution 428 (WRC-19), limited to relaying voice-only aeronautical air traffic control communications that operate in accordance with international standards and recommended practices and procedures established by the Convention on International Civil Aviation. Such use shall not cause harmful interference to nor claim protection from the AM(R)S systems operating in the frequency band 117.975-137 MHz. Satellite datalink applications using the AMS(R)S allocation within a portion of the frequency band 117.975-137 MHz may be considered by a future competent world radiocommunication conference. 132 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 ARTICLE 5 Frequency allocations Section IV – Table of Frequency Allocations (See No. 2.1) MOD USA/AI 1.7/1 75.2-137.175 MHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 75.2-87.5 75.2-75.4 FIXED FIXED MOBILE except aeronautical MOBILE mobile 5.179 75.4-76 75.4-87 FIXED FIXED MOBILE MOBILE 76-88 BROADCASTING Fixed 5.182 5.183 5.188 Mobile 87-100 5.175 5.179 5.187 FIXED 87.5-100 MOBILE BROADCASTING 5.185 BROADCASTING 88-100 5.190 BROADCASTING 100-108 BROADCASTING 5.192 5.194 108-117.975 AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION 5.197 5.197A 117.975-1367 AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R) AERONAUTICAL MOBILE SATELLITE (R) ADD 5.A17 5.111 5.200 5.201 5.202 13617.975-137 AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R) 5.111 5.200 5.201 5.202 ADD USA/AI 1.7/2 5.A17 The use of the band 117.975-136 MHz by the aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service is limited to relaying voice-only aeronautical air traffic control communications that operate in accordance with international standards and recommended practices and procedures established by the Convention on International Civil Aviation. In assigning frequencies to stations of the aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service, administrations shall take account of the frequencies assigned to stations of the aeronautical mobile (R) service. (WRC-23) Reasons: Studies conducted under Resolution 428 (WRC-19) have demonstrated that a new AMS(R)S allocation in the 117.975-136 MHz frequency band would provide benefits to aviation operations in oceanic and remote areas where ground-based communications are not feasible. Since the relay of air traffic control 133 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 voice communications is a supplement to ground-based stations, such use shall take account of the frequencies assigned to stations of the aeronautical mobile (R) service when assigning frequencies to stations of the aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service. SUP USA/A1.7/3 RESOLUTION 428 (WRC-19) Studies on a possible new allocation to the aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service within the frequency band 117.975-137 MHz in order to support aeronautical VHF communications in the Earth-to-space and space-to-Earth directions Reasons: This resolution may be suppressed by WRC-23 because of a decision to add a new provision in Article 5 for AMS(R)S. ________________ 134 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 XVI.XV. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA XVII.XVI. DRAFT PROPOSALS FOR THE WORK OF THE CONFERENCE AGENDA ITEM 1.10: to conduct studies on spectrum needs, coexistence with radiocommunication services and regulatory measures for possible new allocations for the aeronautical mobile service for the use of non-safety aeronautical mobile applications, in accordance with Resolution 430 (WRC-19) BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Resolution 430 (WRC-19), calls for: 1) Sharing and compatibility studies in the 22-22.21 GHz frequency band, already allocated on a primary basis to mobile, except aeronautical mobile to determine if the “except aeronautical mobile” restriction can be revised or deleted, while ensuring the protection of primary services in the frequency bands considered and, as appropriate, in adjacent frequency bands. 2) Sharing and compatibility studies on a possible new primary allocation to the aeronautical mobile service (AMS) for non-safety aeronautical applications in the frequency band 15.4-15.7 GHz, while ensuring the protection of primary services in the frequency bands considered and, as appropriate, in adjacent frequency bands. 3) Definition of appropriate protection for passive services and the Radio Astronomy Service (RAS) allocated in adjacent frequency bands from unwanted emissions of the AMS. The frequency band 15.4-15.7 GHz is widely used by the radiolocation (RLS) and aeronautical radionavigation services (ARNS) for critical applications. There has been a significant investment in support of the airborne radar applications within this frequency band. ITU-R past studies show sharing between RLS and AMS could be difficult, requiring extremely large separation distances. Additionally, the sub-band 15.43-15.63 GHz is allocated to the fixed-satellite service (space-to-Earth) on a primary basis for use by feeder links of non-geostationary systems in the mobile satellite service. The aeronautical radionavigation service in the 15.4-15.7 GHz band is used for landing systems and unmanned aircraft detect and avoid (DAA) systems. An ITU-R Recommendation is currently being developed to provide characteristics and protection requirements for these aeronautical radionavigation systems. Sharing studies between aeronautical radionavigation systems and the radiolocation systems in the 15.4 -15.7 GHz frequency band show that sharing between non-safety AMS and radiolocation systems is not feasible due to a high transmitted EIRP limit from the non-safety AMS resulting in a large separation distance. The 22-22.21 GHz frequency band under consideration is adjacent to the 22.21-22.5 GHz frequency band allocated to the Earth Exploration Satellite Service (passive). The 22.21-22.5 GHz frequency band allows for remote sensing observations near an H2O absorption line that is essential not only for measuring atmospheric water vapor, but also for reducing error in other geophysical parameters due to the presence of water vapor. Compatibility studies between non-safety AMS systems in the 22-22.21 GHz band and EESS (passive) systems in the 22.21-22.5 GHz band show that various AMS scenarios (e.g., wildfire observation and network-above-the-clouds) are not compatible with EESS (passive) operations based on the anticipated out- of-band emission levels from the non-safety AMS links. The frequency band 22.21-22.5 GHz is also allocated to the RAS on a primary basis, and is subject to footnote No 5.149, which urges administrations to take all practicable steps to protect the RAS from harmful 135 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 interference. The radio astronomy service is extremely susceptible to interference from space and airborne transmitters (No. 29.12). 136 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 PROPOSAL ARTICLE 5 Frequency allocations Section IV – Table of Frequency Allocations (See No. 2.1) NOC USA/AI 1.10 15.4 – 15.7 GHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 15.4-15.43 RADIOLOCATION 5.511E 5.511F AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION 15.43-15.63 FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) 5.511A RADIOLOCATION 5.511E 5.511F AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION 5.511C 15.63-15.7 RADIOLOCATION 5.511E 5.511F AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION Reasons: Sharing studies between non-safety AMS and the incumbent services have been performed resulting in a large separation distance. The results show that it is not feasible for the non-safety AMS to obtain an allocation. Therefore, no change is proposed for the 15.4 – 15.7 GHz frequency band. NOC USA/AI 1.10 22-22.21 GHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 22-22.21 FIXED MOBILE except aeronautical mobile 5.149 Reasons: Compatibility studies between non-safety AMS and the incumbent services in the adjacent frequency band have been performed. The results show that various AMS scenarios (e.g., wildfire observation and network-above-the-clouds) are not compatible with EESS (passive) operations based on the anticipated out-of-band emission levels from the non-safety AMS links. Therefore, no change is proposed for the 22-22.21 GHz frequency band. _____________________ 137 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 XVIII.XVII. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA XIX.XVIII. DRAFT PROPOSALS FOR THE WORK OF THE CONFERENCE AGENDA ITEM 1.17: to determine and carry out, on the basis of ITU-R studies in accordance with Resolution 773 (WRC-19), the appropriate regulatory actions for the provision of inter-satellite links in specific frequency bands, or portions thereof, by adding an inter-satellite service allocation where appropriate; Background Space station operations in low-Earth orbit are increasing at a rapid rate for scientific, academic, and commercial purposes. These stations vary in size from as large as the International Space Station to as small as single unit cubesats8 and have wide ranging data requirements. Users of these systems require moving data from space to Earth, or other satellite terminal locations in an efficient, fast, and cost-effective manner. Considering the above, satellite manufacturers are developing technologies addressing this need, including the possible use of satellite-to-satellite links with transmissions limited to the same direction of transmission (e.g., Earth-to-space direction or space-to-Earth direction) of the GSO or non-GSO FSS service providers’ space station. The ITU-R has conducted extensive sharing and compatibility studies to assess the feasibility of introducing satellite-to-satellite links in many of the frequency bands called out in Resolution 773 (WRC-19). Based on these studies, the United States of America proposes that use of satellite-to- satellite links be recognized in the Radio Regulations within the fixed-satellite service in the frequency bands 18.1-18.6 GHz, 18.8-20.2 GHz and 27.5-30 GHz with transmissions limited to the same direction of transmission (e.g., Earth-to-space direction or space-to-Earth direction) of the GSO or non-GSO FSS service providers’ space station. Non-GSO user space stations using satellite-to-satellite links shall only transmit and receive within the cone of coverage9 of the associated GSO or non-GSO FSS service provider space stations. Non-GSO user space stations will always operate at an orbital altitude that is lower than the orbital altitude of the FSS network or system with which it is communicating. The non-GSO user is to be part of the FSS network or system providing the service and will operate in a manner that would replicate the operations of other users of the FSS network or system. Other user space stations, e.g., a space science satellite, would include FSS frequencies and be part of the FSS network or system as a non-GSO space station under a contract with the FSS network or system operator providing the service. A proposed new WRC-23 Resolution provides satellite-to-satellite link operating conditions and regulatory provisions to ensure protection of incumbent services operations. The United States of America further proposes no change to the Radio Regulations for the frequency band 11.7-12.7 GHz due to lack of sufficient ITU-R studies supporting satellite-to- satellite link operations in this frequency range. 8 A single unit cubesat has the dimensions of 10x10x10 centimeters and typical mass less than 2 kilograms. 9 The cone of coverage is the conical volume of space defined by a cone whose apex is at the service provider space station and whose base does not extend beyond the edge of the notified service area of the individual service provider space station. 138 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 Proposals ARTICLE 5 Frequency allocations Section IV – Table of Frequency Allocations (See No. 2.1) NOC USA/4079A17/1 11.7-13.4 GHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 11.7-12.5 11.7-12.1 11.7-12.2 FIXED FIXED 5.486 FIXED MOBILE except aeronautical FIXED-SATELLITE MOBILE except aeronautical mobile (space-to-Earth) 5.484A 5.484B mobile BROADCASTING 5.488 BROADCASTING BROADCASTING-SATELLITE Mobile except aeronautical mobile BROADCASTING-SATELLITE 5.492 5.485 5.492 12.1-12.2 FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) 5.484A 5.484B 5.488 5.485 5.489 5.487 5.487A 12.2-12.7 12.2-12.5 FIXED FIXED MOBILE except aeronautical FIXED-SATELLITE mobile (space-to-Earth) 5.484B BROADCASTING MOBILE except aeronautical BROADCASTING-SATELLITE mobile 5.492 BROADCASTING 5.487 5.487A 5.487 5.484A 12.5-12.75 5.487A 5.488 5.490 12.5-12.75 FIXED-SATELLITE 12.7-12.75 FIXED (space-to-Earth) 5.484A 5.484B FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) 5.484A 5.484B (Earth-to-space) MOBILE except aeronautical MOBILE except aeronautical mobile mobile BROADCASTING- 5.494 5.495 5.496 SATELLITE 5.493 Reasons: Limited ITU-R studies were done in accordance with Resolution 773 (WRC-19) supporting only satellite-to-satellite link operations in the downlink direction in the frequency range 11.7-12.7 GHz with no corresponding uplink direction spectrum. 139 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 MOD USA/4079A17/2 15.4-18.4 GHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 18.1-18.4 FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) 5.484A 5.516B 5.517A (Earth-to-space) 5.520 (space-to-space) ADD 5.A117 MOBILE 5.519 5.521 Reasons: Include footnote in Article 5 recognizing satellite-to-satellite operations as part of the fixed-satellite service in the indicated frequency bands. ADD USA/4079A17/3 5.A117 Space-to-space use is limited to transmissions in the space-to-Earth direction in the 18.1-18.6 GHz and 18.8-20.2 GHz frequency bands, and to transmissions in the Earth-to-space direction in the 27.5-30 GHz frequency band. Operations shall be in accordance with draft new Resolution [USA/A17/SAT-TO-SAT] (WRC-23). No. 4.10 does not apply. Reasons: New footnote recognizing satellite-to-satellite operations in the fixed-satellite service with provisions for operation specified in a new WRC-23 Resolution. Such use would not fall under the safety service provisions of Article 4.10. MOD USA/4079A17/4 18.4-22 GHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 18.4-18.6 FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) 5.484A 5.516B 5.517A (Space-to-space) ADD 5.A117 MOBILE 18.6-18.8 18.6-18.8 18.6-18.8 EARTH EXPLORATION- EARTH EXPLORATION- EARTH EXPLORATION- SATELLITE (passive) SATELLITE (passive) SATELLITE (passive) FIXED FIXED FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE FIXED-SATELLITE FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) 5.517A 5.522B (space-to-Earth) 5.516B 5.517A (space-to-Earth) 5.517A 5.522B MOBILE except aeronautical 5.522B MOBILE except aeronautical mobile MOBILE except aeronautical mobile Space research (passive) mobile Space research (passive) SPACE RESEARCH (passive) 5.522A 5.522C 5.522A 5.522A 18.8-19.3 FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) 5.516B 5.517A 5.523A (Space-to-space) ADD 5.A117 MOBILE 140 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 19.3-19.7 FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) (Earth-to-space) 5.517A 5.523B 5.523C 5.523D 5.523E (space-to-space) ADD 5.A117 MOBILE 19.7-20.1 19.7-20.1 19.7-20.1 FIXED-SATELLITE FIXED-SATELLITE FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) 5.484A 5.484B (space-to-Earth) 5.484A 5.484B (space-to-Earth) 5.484A 5.484B 5.516B 5.527A 5.516B 5.527A 5.516B 5.527A (space-to-space) ADD 5.A117 (space-to-space) ADD 5.A117 (space-to-space) ADD 5.A117 Mobile-satellite (space-to-Earth) MOBILE-SATELLITE Mobile-satellite (space-to-Earth) (space-to-Earth) 5.524 5.525 5.526 5.527 5.528 5.524 5.529 5.524 20.1-20.2 FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) 5.484A 5.484B 5.516B 5.527A (space-to-space) ADD 5.A117 MOBILE-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) 5.524 5.525 5.526 5.527 5.528 Reasons: Include footnote in Article 5 recognizing satellite-to-satellite operations as part of the fixed-satellite service in the indicated frequency bands. MOD USA/4079A17/5 24.75-29.9 GHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 27.5-28.5 FIXED 5.537A FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) 5.484A 5.516B 5.517A 5.539 (space-to-space) ADD 5.A117 MOBILE 5.538 5.540 28.5-29.1 FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) 5.484A 5.516B 5.517A 5.523A 5.539 (space-to-space) ADD 5.A117 MOBILE Earth exploration-satellite (Earth-to-space) 5.541 5.540 29.1-29.5 FIXED FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) 5.516B 5.517A 5.523C 5.523E 5.535A 5.539 5.541A (space-to-space) ADD 5.A117 MOBILE Earth exploration-satellite (Earth-to-space) 5.541 5.540 141 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 29.5-29.9 29.5-29.9 29.5-29.9 FIXED-SATELLITE FIXED-SATELLITE FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) 5.484A 5.484B (Earth-to-space) 5.484A 5.484B (Earth-to-space) 5.484A 5.484B 5.516B 5.527A 5.539 5.516B 5.527A 5.539 5.516B 5.527A 5.539 (space-to-space) ADD 5.A117 (space-to-space) ADD 5.A117 (space-to-space) ADD 5.A117 Earth exploration-satellite MOBILE-SATELLITE Earth exploration-satellite (Earth-to-space) 5.541 (Earth-to-space) (Earth-to-space) 5.541 Mobile-satellite (Earth-to-space) Earth exploration-satellite Mobile-satellite (Earth-to-space) (Earth-to-space) 5.541 5.540 5.542 5.525 5.526 5.527 5.529 5.540 5.540 5.542 Reasons: Include footnote in Article 5 recognizing satellite-to-satellite operations as part of the fixed-satellite service in the indicated frequency bands. MOD USA/4079A17/6 29.9-34.2 GHz Allocation to services Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 29.9-30 FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) 5.484A 5.484B 5.516B 5.527A 5.539 (space-to-space) ADD 5.A117 MOBILE-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) Earth exploration-satellite (Earth-to-space) 5.541 5.543 5.525 5.526 5.527 5.538 5.540 5.542 Reasons: Include footnote in Article 5 recognizing satellite-to-satellite operations as part of the fixed-satellite service in the indicated frequency bands. MOD USA/4079A17/7 ARTICLE 21 Terrestrial and space services sharing frequency bands above 1 GHz Section V − Limits of power flux-density from space stations TABLE 21-4 (REV.WRC-1923) Limit in dB(W/m2) for angles Reference Frequency band Service* of arrival (δ) above the horizontal plane bandwidth 0°-5° 5°-25° 25°-90° 13.4-13.65 GHz Fixed-satellite 0°-25° 25°-80° 80°-84° 84°-90° 4 kHz (Region 1) (space-to-Earth) −159 + −149 19 −149 − −151 19 (geostationary-satellite 0.4δ 19 0.5(δ − 80) 19 orbit) 17.7-19.3 GHz 7, 8 Fixed-satellite 0°-5° 5°-25° 25°-90° 1 MHz 142 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 (space-to-Earth) −115 14, 15 −115 + 0.5(δ − 5) 14, 15 −105 14, 15 Fixed-satellite or or or 8bis (space-to-space) −115 − X 13 −115 − X + ((10 + X )/20) −105 13 Meteorological-satellite (δ − 5) 13 (space-to-Earth) 17.7-19.3 GHz 7, 8 Fixed-satellite 0-3 3-12 12-25 −105 16 1 MHz (space-to-Earth) −120 16 −120 + −112 + Fixed-satellite (8/9) (7/13) (space-to-space) (δ − 3) 16 (δ − 12) 16 19.3-19.7 GHz Fixed-satellite 0-3 3-12 12-25 −105 16 1 MHz (space-to-Earth) −120 16 −120 + −112 + Fixed-satellite (8/9) (7/13) (space-to-space) (δ − 3) 16 (δ − 12) 16 TABLE 21-4 (CONTINUED) (REV.WRC-1523) Limit in dB(W/m2) for angles Reference Frequency band Service* of arrival (δ) above the horizontal plane bandwidth 0°-5° 5°-25° 25°-90° 19.3-19.7 GHz Fixed-satellite −115 15 −115 + 0.5(δ − 5) 15 −105 15 1 MHz 21.4-22 GHz (space-to-Earth) (Regions 1 and 3) Fixed-satellite 22.55-23.55 GHz (space-to-space) 24.45-24.75 GHz Broadcasting-satellite 25.25-27.5 GHz Earth exploration- 27.500- satellite (space-to-Earth) 27.501 GHz Inter-satellite Space research (space-to-Earth) 31.0-31.3 GHz Space research −115 −115 + 0.5(δ − 5) −105 1 MHz 34.7-35.2 GHz (space-to-Earth transmissions referred to in No. 5.550 on the territories of countries listed in No. 5.549) 31.8-32.3 GHz Space research −120 20 −120 + 0.75(δ − 5) 20 −105 1 MHz 32.3-33 GHz Inter-satellite −135 −135  (δ − 5) −115 1 MHz Reasons: Include FSS (space-to-space) in Article 21, Table 21-4 to ensure that pfd limits to protect terrestrial services that apply to FSS (space-to-Earth) also apply to FSS (space-to-space). ADD USA/4079A17/8 8bis 21.16.2bis That for the protection of the Earth exploration-satellite service (EESS) (passive) over oceans in the frequency band 18.6-18.8 GHz, Resolution [A117 FSS SAT-TO-SAT] (WRC-23) shall apply. 143 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 Reasons: Add a new provision in Article 21 to provide a pointer to Resolution [A117 FSS SAT-TO- SAT] (WRC-23) for protection of Earth exploration-satellite service (EESS) (passive) over oceans in the frequency band 18.6-18.8 GHz. MOD USA/4079A17/9 Appendix 4 (REV WRC-1923) Consolidate list and tables of characteristics for use in the Application of the procedures of Chapter III Annex 2 Characteristics of satellite networks, earth stations, or radio astronomy stations 144 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 TABLE A GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SATELLITE NETWORK OR SYSTEM, EARTH STATION OR RADIO ASTRONOMY STATION (Rev.WRC-1923) 2A 2A _ A GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SATELLITE NETWORK OR SYSTEM, EARTH STATION OR RADIO ASTRONOMY STATION of Article 9 of Article 9 of Article satellite network network satellite (Articles 4 and 5) and 4 (Articles 8) and 6 (Articles astronomy Radio Items in Appendix in ItemsAppendix in ItemsAppendix Appendices 30A or 30B) 30B) or 30A Appendices of Appendices 30 or 30A) or30A) 30 of Appendices Notice for a satellite network network a satellite Notice for Advance publication of a non- of Advance publication a non- of Advance publication Appendix 30 (Articles 4 and 5) and 4 30 (Articles Appendix Notification or coordination of aof or coordination Notification (feeder-link) under Appendix 30A 30A Appendix under (feeder-link) Notice for a satellite network in the in the network a satellite Notice for broadcasting-satellite service under under service broadcasting-satellite station (including notification under under notification (including station satellite service under Appendix 30B 30B Appendix under service satellite Notification or coordination of a non- of or coordination Notification Notification or coordination of an earth an earth of or coordination Notification Advance publication of ageostationary- of Advance publication subject to coordination under Section II Section under coordination to subject geostationary-satellite network or system network geostationary-satellite or system network geostationary-satellite or system network geostationary-satellite Notice for a satellite network in the fixed- in the network a satellite Notice for geostationary-satellite network (including (including network geostationary-satellite space operation functions under Article Article under functions operation space not subject to coordination under Section II Section under coordination to not subject A.19.b a commitment in accordance with resolves 1.5 of Resolution 156 (WRC-15) that the administration A.19.b responsible for the use of the assignment shall implement resolves 1.4 of Resolution 156 (WRC-15) Required only for geostationary-satellite networks operating in the fixed-satellite sebrvice in the + frequency bands 19.7-20.2 GHz and 29.5-30.0 GHz communicating with transmitting earth stations in motion A.20 COMPLIANCE WITH resolves 1.1.4 OF RESOLUTION 169 (WRC-19) A.20 A.20.a a commitment that the ESIM operation would be in conformity with the Radio Regulations and A.20.a Resolution 169 (WRC-19) + Required only for the notification of earth stations in motion submitted in accordance with Resolution 169 (WRC-19) A.21 COMPLIANCE WITH resolves 1.2.6 OF RESOLUTION 169 (WRC-19) A.21 A.21.a a commitment that, upon receiving a report of unacceptable interference, the notifying administration for A.21.a the GSO FSS network with which ESIMs communicate shall follow the procedures in resolves 4 of Resolution 169 (WRC-19) + Required only for the notification of earth stations in motion submitted in accordance with Resolution 169 (WRC-19) A.22 COMPLIANCE WITH resolves 7 OF RESOLUTION 169 (WRC-19) A.22 A.22.a a commitment that aeronautical ESIMs would be in conformity with the pfd limits on the Earth’s surface A.22.a specified in Part II of Annex 3 to Resolution 169 (WRC-19) + Required only for the notification of earth stations in motion submitted in accordance with Resolution 169 (WRC-19) A.23 COMPLIANCE WITH RESOLUTION 35 (WRC-19) A.23 A.23.a a commitment stating that the characteristics as modified will not cause more interference or require more protection than the characteristics provided in the latest notification information published in O A.23.a Part I-S of the BR IFIC for the frequency assignments to the non-geostationary-satellite system A.24 COMPLIANCE WITH NOTIFICATION OF A NON-GSO SHORT DURATION MISSION A.24 A.24.a a commitment by the administration that, in the case that unacceptable interference caused by a non-GSO A.24a satellite network or system identified as short-duration mission in accordance with Resolution 32 (WRC-19) is not resolved, the administration shall undertake steps to eliminate the interference or + reduce it to an acceptable level Required only for notification A.25 INCLUSION OF SPACE-TO-SPACE OPERATIONS A.25 A.25.a an indicator showing whether space-to-space operations in accordance with Resolution [USA/A17/SAT- A.25.a TO-SAT] (WRC-23) with transmission in the 27.5-30.0 GHz bands, or parts thereof, and reception in the X X X 18.1-18.6 and 18.8-20.2 GHz bands, or parts thereof, are included A.25.a.1 the calculated worst-case off-axis angle between the main lobe of the space station transmitting in the A.25.a.1 X X X 27.5-30.0 GHz bands, or parts thereof, and the Earth surface A.25.b an indicator showing whether space-to-space operations in accordance with Resolution [USA/A17/SAT- A.25.b TO-SAT] (WRC-23) with transmission in the 18.1-18.6 and 18.8-20.2 GHz bands, or parts thereof, and X X X reception in the 27.5-30.0 GHz bands, or parts thereof, are included 145 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 DA Federal Communications Commission A.25.b.1 Items in Appendix shall not exceed the limits given in Table Table 22-2 the in limits exceed not given shall transmissions Earth station typical and ofoperationsspace-to-space combined from all by emissions orbit any the in at point geostationary-satellite powertheflux-density produced equivalent that commitment the 29.5-30.0showingGHzthe in GHz 27.5-28.6 and bands for receiving non-GSO systems indicator an A A _ GENERALCHARACTERISTICS THEOF SATELLITE NETWORK SYSTEM, OR EARTH STATION OR RADIO RADIO ASTRONOMY STATION 146 Advance publication of a geostationary- satellite network Advance publication of a non- X geostationary-satellite network or system subject to coordination under Section II of Article 9 Advance publication of a non- geostationary-satellite network or system not subject to coordination under Section II of Article 9 Notification or coordination of a X geostationary-satellite network (including space operation functions under Article 2A of Appendices 30 or 30A) X Notification or coordination of a non- geostationary-satellite network or system Notification or coordination of an earth station (including notification under Appendices 30A or 30B) Notice for a satellite network in the broadcasting-satellite service under Appendix 30 (Articles 4 and 5) Notice for a satellite network (feeder-link) under Appendix 30A (Articles 4 and 5) Notice for a satellite network in the fixed- satellite service under Appendix 30B (Articles 6 and 8) A.25.b.1 Items in Appendix Radio astronomy Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 Reasons: Four new Appendix 4 data elements are added to provide indicators for space-to-space operations for space stations operating in accordance with Resolution [USA/A17/FSS SAT-TO-SAT] (WRC-23) ADD USA/4079A17/10 DRAFT NEW RESOLUTION [USA/A17/FSS SAT-TO-SAT] (WRC-23) Use of 18.1-18.6, 18.8-20.2 and 27.5-30.0 GHz frequency bands for satellite-to- satellite transmissions in the fixed-satellite service The World Radiocommunication Conference ([tbc], 2023), considering a) that there is a need for non-geostationary satellite orbit (non-GSO) space stations to be able to relay collected data to the Earth, and that part of this need could be met by allowing such non-GSO space stations to communicate with fixed-satellite service (FSS) space stations operating in the geostationary satellite orbit (GSO) and in the non-GSO in the 18.1-18.6 GHz, 18.8-20.2 and 27.5-30.0 GHz frequency bands, or parts thereof; b) that No. 1.21 states that, in some cases, the fixed satellite service includes satellite-to- satellite links c) that the ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) has carried out extensive sharing and compatibility studies between incumbent services in the 18.1-18.6 GHz, 18.8-20.2 GHz, and 27.5-30 GHz frequency bands and satellite-to-satellite transmissions in the fixed-satellite service; d) that the frequency bands 18.1-18.6, 18.8-20.2 GHz (space-to-Earth) and 27.5-30.0 GHz (Earth-to-space) are also allocated to terrestrial and space services used by a variety of different systems, and these existing services and their future development need to be protected, without the imposition of undue constraints, from the operation of satellite-to-satellite links, recognizing that any course of action taken under this Resolution has no impact on the original date of receipt of the frequency assignments of the GSO FSS satellite network or the non-GSO FSS system with which non-GSO space stations communicate or on the coordination requirements of that satellite network, resolves 1 that, for a non-GSO space station subject to this Resolution communicating with a GSO or non-GSO FSS space station within the frequency bands 18.1-18.6 GHz, 18.8-20.2 GHz and 27.5-30 GHz, or parts thereof, the following conditions shall apply: a) the non-GSO space station transmitting in the 27.5-30 GHz frequency bands and receiving in the 18.1-18.6 GHz and 18.8-20.2 GHz frequency bands shall only operate space-to-space links when its apogee altitude27 is lower than the minimum operational altitude28 of the GSO or non-GSO FSS space 27 See item A.4.b.4.d of Appendix 4. 147 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 station it communicates with and when the off-nadir angle between this GSO or non-GSO FSS space station and the non-GSO space station it communicates with is less than or equal to θMax (as defined in Annex 1 of this Resolution); b) the GSO/non-GSO FSS space station receiving in the 27.5-30 GHz frequency bands and transmitting in the 18.1-18.6 GHz and 18.8-20.2 GHz frequency bands, or parts thereof, shall only operate space-to-space links when its minimum operational altitude is higher than the apogee altitude of the non- GSO space station with which it communicates; c) the non-GSO space station communicating with a GSO or non-GSO FSS space station, shall remain under the characteristics envelop of the recorded assignments of the earth stations associated with the satellite network/system with which it is communicating; d) that for the protection of the Earth exploration-satellite service (EESS) (passive) over oceans in the frequency band 18.6-18.8 GHz, the non-GSO FSS space station with an orbit of apogee less than 20 000 km, operating space-to-space links, and transmitting in the 18.1-18.6 GHz and 18.8-20.2 GHz frequency bands, when communicating with a non-GSO space station as described in resolves 1 a), shall operate as defined by the following: the out-of-band power flux density level produced at the surface of the Earth over oceans from a non-GSO FSS space station shall not exceed -126.4 dB(W/m2/200 MHz) within the 18.6-18.8 GHz frequency band; 2 that non-GSO space stations subject to this Resolution receiving in the frequency bands 18.1- 18.6 GHz and 18.8-20.2 GHz, or portions thereof: a) shall not claim protection from FSS and MSS networks and systems as well as fixed and mobile stations operating in conformity with the Radio Regulations; b) shall only receive the same emissions that are also being directed to earth stations from FSS space stations at higher orbital altitudes so that the interference environment can remain unchanged with respect to fixed and mobile stations, as well as to earth stations of other GSO and non-GSO FSS networks/systems from what is coordinated and notified in accordance with the Radio Regulations; 3 that GSO and non-GSO FSS space stations subject to this Resolution; a) receiving in the frequency band 27.5-30 GHz from NGSO space stations shall not claim protection for these satellite-to-satellite transmissions from FSS and MSS networks and systems, as well as fixed and mobile stations operating in 27.5-29.5 GHz, and in conformity with the Radio Regulations; b) shall comply with the provisions contained in Article 21 in the frequency band 18.1- 18.6 GHz and 18.8-19.7 GHz to protect terrestrial services; 4 that non-GSO space stations transmitting in the frequency bands 27.5-30 GHz, or parts thereof: a) shall not produce a power flux density at any point in the GSO arc greater than the power flux density produced by earth stations associated with the satellite network/system with which they communicate; b) shall comply with the provisions contained in Annex 2 to this Resolution in the frequency band 27.5-29.5 GHz to protect terrestrial services; 28 See item A.4.b.4.f of Appendix 4. 148 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 c) shall only communicate with a GSO FSS space station when transmitting in the 29.1-29.5 GHz frequency band and shall only use a sun-synchronous orbit29; d) shall not cause unacceptable interference to or otherwise impose constraints on operation or development of the non-GSO FSS service and protect non-GSO FSS space stations by complying with the provisions contained in Annex 3 to this Resolution; 5 that, in order to accommodate satellite-to-satellite transmissions, GSO and non-GSO FSS space stations receiving in the 27.5-30 GHz frequency bands and transmitting in the 18.1-18.6 GHz and 18.8-20.2 GHz frequency bands, or parts thereof, shall operate in compliance with the Radio Regulations and any existing coordination agreements between administrations, resolves further 1 that, subject to this Resolution: a) the notifying administration of the GSO FSS network receiving in the 27.5-30.0 GHz bands and transmitting in the 18.1-18.6 GHz, 18.8-20.2 GHz bands shall indicate to the Radiocommunication Bureau (BR), that it intends to include satellite-to-satellite operations for this GSO FSS network in accordance with this Resolution; b) the notifying administration of the non-GSO FSS system receiving in the 27.5-29.1 GHz and 29.5-30.0 GHz bands and transmitting in the 18.1-18.6 GHz and 18.8-20.2 GHz bands shall indicate to the BR that it intends to include satellite-to-satellite operations for this non- GSO FSS system in accordance with this Resolution; c) the notifying administration of the non-GSO FSS system receiving in the 27.5-28.6 GHz and 29.5-30.0 GHz bands shall indicate to the BR the commitment that the equivalent power flux-density produced at any point in the geostationary-satellite orbit by emissions from all combined operations of space-to-space and typical Earth station transmissions shall not exceed the limits given in Table 22-2; d) the notifying administration of the non-GSO space station/stations transmitting in the 27.5-30.0 GHz bands towards a GSO FSS network and receiving in the 18.1-18.6 GHz and 18.8- 20.2 GHz bands shall send to the BR, the relevant Appendix 4 advance publication information containing the characteristics of the non-GSO space station/stations and the associated name of the GSO FSS network with which it intends to communicate; e) the notifying administration of the non-GSO space station/stations transmitting in the 27.5-29.1 GHz and 29.5-30.0 GHz bands towards a non-GSO FSS system at a higher orbital altitude and receiving in the 18.1-18.6 GHz and 18.8-20.2 GHz bands shall send to the BR, the relevant Appendix 4 advance publication information containing the characteristics of the non- GSO space station/stations and the associated name of the non-GSO FSS system with which it intends to communicate; f) that in case of unacceptable interference caused by a non-GSO space station transmitting in the 27.5-30.0 GHz bands: 29 Sun-synchronous orbits are identified by the Appendix 4 indicator A.4.b.4.m 149 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 1. the notifying administration for the non-GSO space station transmitting in the 27.5-30.0 GHz bands shall cooperate with an investigation on the matter and provide, to the extent of its ability, any required information on the operation of the transmitting space station and a point of contact to provide such information; 2. the notifying administration for the non-GSO space station transmitting in the 27.5- 30.0 GHz bands and the notifying administration of the GSO or non-GSO FSS network or system with which the non-GSO transmitting space station communicates shall, jointly or individually, as the case may be, upon receipt of a report of unacceptable interference, take required action to eliminate or reduce interference to an acceptable level; g) that the administration responsible for the GSO or non-GSO FSS network or system with which the non-GSO transmitting space station communicates shall ensure that: 1. for the operation of non-GSO space stations transmitting in the FSS (space-to-space) service in the 27.5-30.0 GHz bands, techniques to maintain pointing accuracy with the associated FSS satellite, without inadvertently tracking adjacent GSO satellites or non- associated non-GSO satellites, are employed; 2. all necessary measures are taken so that non-GSO transmitting space stations in the 27.5-30.0 GHz bands in the FSS (space-to-space) service are subject to permanent monitoring and control by a network control and monitoring centre (NCMC) or equivalent facility in order to comply with the provisions in this Resolution, and are capable of receiving and acting upon at least “enable transmission” and “disable transmission” commands from the NCMC or equivalent facility; 3. a permanent point of contact is provided for the purpose of tracing any suspected cases of unacceptable interference from non-GSO transmitting space stations in the 27.5-30.0 GHz bands in the FSS (space-to-space) service and to immediately respond to requests from the focal point; 2 that, upon receipt of the foregoing required information, the BR shall examine that information with respect to the existing regulatory provisions, as well as any conditions prescribed in this Resolution, and publish the result of such examination in the International Frequency Information Circular (BR IFIC), instructs the Director of the Radiocommunication Bureau 1 to take all necessary actions to facilitate the implementation of this Resolution, together with providing any assistance for the resolution of interference, when required; 2 to report to future world radiocommunication conferences any difficulties or inconsistencies encountered in the implementation of this Resolution 3 that, upon examination of the information submitted by the notifying administration under resolves further 1d or 1e, if no recorded frequency assignments with typical earth stations for the relevant frequency bands can be identified for the GSO FSS network or NGSO FSS system with which the notifying administration’s non-GSO space station intends to communicate, the BR shall return the information to the notifying administration with an unfavorable finding. 150 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 ANNEX 1 TO RESOLUTION [USA/A17/FSS SAT-TO-SAT] (WRC-23) Determination of the off-nadir angle 1 a non-GSO FSS space station transmitting in the 27.5-30 GHz bands and receiving in the 18.1- 18.6 GHz, 18.8-20.2 GHz bands shall only communicate with a GSO or non-GSO FSS space station at a higher orbital altitude when the off-nadir angle between this GSO or non-GSO FSS space station and the non-GSO FSS space station it communicates with is less than or equal to: where REarth = 6378.145 km, AltHigher_FSS = altitude of the GSO or non-GSO space station at higher orbital altitude in km 2 In case the notified service area of the GSO or non-GSO FSS network/system at higher orbital altitude is not global, the maximum off-nadir angle θMax will vary at each azimuth according to the notified service area and there will be a specific maximum off-nadir angle associated to each azimuth based on the position in space of the FSS network/system at higher orbital altitude and the geographic coordinates (latitude, longitude) of the border of the notified service area at each azimuth, which are extracted from the Graphical Interface Management System (GIMS) database container that was submitted to the BR when notifying a specific non-global service area. With 151 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 where: = latitude of the service area border for the azimuth φ = longitude of the service area border for the azimuth φ = latitude of the sub-satellite point of the GSO/non-GSO space station = longitude of the sub-satellite point of the GSO/non-GSO space station ANNEX 2 TO RESOLUTION [USA/A17/FSS SAT-TO-SAT] (WRC-23) Provisions for non-GSO space stations transmitting in the 27.5-30 GHz bands to protect terrestrial services in the frequency band 27.5-29.5 GHz The maximum pfd produced at the surface of the Earth by emissions from a Non-GSO space station transmitting in the 27.5-30 GHz bands shall not exceed: pfd(θ) = −115 (dB(W/(m2  1 MHz))) for 0°≤ θ ≤ 5° pfd(θ) = −115+0.5(θ-5) (dB(W/(m2  1 MHz))) for 5°≤ θ ≤ 25° pfd(θ) = −105 (dB(W/(m2  1 MHz))) for 25°< θ ≤ 90° where θ is the angle of arrival of the radio-frequency wave (degrees above the horizon). ANNEX 3 TO RESOLUTION [USA/A17/ FSS SAT-TO-SAT] (WRC-23) Provisions for non-GSO space stations transmitting in the 27.5-30.0 GHz bands to protect non-GSO FSS systems The following conditions for non-GSO space stations transmitting in the 27.5-30.0 GHz bands to protect non-GSO space stations shall apply: a) A non-GSO space station transmitting in the 27.5-29.1 GHz and 29.5-30 GHz bands towards a GSO FSS network shall never exceed the following on-axis e.i.r.p. spectral density limits: 1. For non-GSO space station transmit on-axis antenna gains greater than 40.6 dBi: -17.5 dBW/Hz 2. For non-GSO space station transmit on-axis antenna gains less than 40.6 dBi: -17.5 – (40.6 – on-axis gain of non-GSO space station antenna in dBi) dBW/Hz. b) A non-GSO space station transmitting in the 29.1-29.5 GHz bands towards a GSO FSS network shall never exceed an on-axis e.i.r.p. spectral density of -20 dBW/Hz c) A non-GSO space station transmitting in the 27.5-29.1 GHz and 29.5-30 GHz bands towards a non-GSO FSS system with a minimum operational altitude higher than 2000 km shall never exceed an on-axis e.i.r.p. spectral density of -20 dBW/Hz 152 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 d) For off-axis angles greater than the 3 dB beam width of a 30 cm antenna, the off-axis e.i.r.p. emissions of a non-GSO space station transmitting in the 27.5-29.1 GHz and 29.5-30 GHz bands to communicate with a non-GSO FSS system with a minimum operational altitude higher than 2000 km shall never exceed the envelope generated by the combination of an input power spectral density at the antenna flange of -62 dBW/Hz coupled with the off-axis gain derived from Recommendation ITU-R S.580-6 assuming an antenna size of 30 cm. e) A non-GSO space station transmitting in the 27.5-29.1 GHz and 29.5-30 GHz bands towards a non-GSO FSS system with a minimum operational altitude lower than 2000 km shall never exceed an on-axis e.i.r.p. spectral density of -30 dBW/Hz Reasons: Draft new WRC-23 Resolution provides the operating conditions for satellite-to-satellite operations in the fixed-satellite service to ensure protection of incumbent services operations. SUP USA/4079A17/11 RESOLUTION 773 (WRC-19) Study of technical and operational issues, and regulatory provisions for satellite-to- satellite links in the frequency bands 11.7-12.7 GHz, 18.1-18.6 GHz, 18.8-20.2 GHz and 27.5-30 GHz Reasons: Adoption by WRC-23 of the aforementioned proposals satisfies the agenda item and therefore Resolution 773 (WRC-19) is no longer needed. _________________ 153 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 XX.XIX. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA XXI.XX. DRAFT PROPOSALS FOR THE WORK OF THE CONFERENCE AGENDA ITEM 7: to consider possible changes, and other options, in response to Resolution 86 (Rev. Marrakesh, 2002) of the Plenipotentiary Conference, an advance publication, coordination, notification and recording procedures for frequency assignments pertaining to satellite networks, in accordance with Resolution 86 (Rev.WRC-07), in order to facilitate rational, efficient and economical use of radio frequencies and any associated orbits, including the geostationary satellite orbit; Resolution 86 (Rev.WRC-07) – Implementation of Resolution 86 (Rev. Marrakesh, 2002) of the Plenipotentiary Conference Topic D - Modifications to Appendix 1 to Annex 4 of RR Appendix 30B BACKGROUND INFORMATION: WRC-19 adopted modifications to Sections 1.1 and 1.2 of Annex 4 of RR Appendix 30B by amending the minimum orbital separation between GSO satellite networks to be exceeded in order to be considered as unaffected and not be identified by the Bureau when performing its examination under § 6.5 of RR Appendix 30B. The minimum orbital separations were changed from 10° and 9° to 7° and 6°, in §§ 1.1 and 1.2 of Annex 4 of RR Appendix 30B, respectively. However, these modifications were not reflected in Section 2 of Appendix 1 to Annex 4 of RR Appendix 30B. This topic proposes to align Appendix 1 to Annex 4 of RR Appendix 30B with the values of orbital separation in §§ 1.1 and 1.2 of Annex 4 of RR Appendix 30B. With these modifications, the method proposed in Appendix 1 to Annex 4 of RR Appendix 30B will be consistent with the changes approved in WRC-19. 154 Federal Communications Commission DA 22-954 Proposal APPENDIX 30B (REV.WRC-1923) Provisions and associated Plan for the fixed-satellite service in the frequency bands 4 500-4 800 MHz, 6 725-7 025 MHz, 10.70-10.95 GHz, 11.20-11.45 GHz and 12.75-13.25 GHz MOD USA/7D/1 APPENDIX 1 TO ANNEX 4 (REV.WRC-23) Method for determination of the overall single-entry and aggregate carrier-to-interference value averaged over the necessary bandwidth of the modulated carrier … XXII.XXI. 2 AGGREGATE C/I The aggregate (C/I)agg at a given downlink test point is given by: (C / I ) t j  n  10  (C / I )agg  10 log10  10  dB j    j = 1, 2, 3 . . . n, where: (C/I)tj: overall carrier-to-interference ratio due to interference from the j-th allotment or assignment calculated using the method for overall single- entry (C/I)t as provided in § 1 of Appendix 1 to this Annex; and n: total number of interfering allotments or assignments for which the orbital separation with the desired satellite is less than or equal to 710° in the case of the 6/4 GHz band and less than or equal to 69° in the case of the 13/10-11 GHz band. Reason: To align Appendix 1 to Annex 4 of RR Appendix 30B with the WRC-19 approved values of orbital separation contained in §§ 1.1 and 1.2 of Annex 4 of RR Appendix 30B. ______________ 155