*Pages 1--53 from * This report was prepared by Linda Blake of the International Bureau’s Strategic Analysis & Negotiations Division. “Acknowledgements: Irene Wu (IB), Kiran Duwadi (IB), Cathy Hsu (IB), and Jim Lande (WCB) provided invaluable assistance in preparing this report.” 2 Publication: Trends in the International Telecommunications Industry, September 2005 You can help us provide the best possible information to the public by completing this form and returning it to the Strategic Analysis and Negotiations Division of the FCC's International Bureau. 1. 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Contact Linda Blake or e- mail LINDA. BLAKE@ FCC. GOV of TTY equipment, should call 202- 418- 0484 Fax this response to Or Mail this response to 202- 418- 0398 FCC International Bureau SAND Division/ MNIA Washington, DC 20554 3 Trends in the International Telecommunications Industry Table of Contents Figures Figure 1: International Percentage of Total Toll Figure 2: International Service End- User Revenues Figure 3: Shares of Billed Revenues by Type of International Telephone Service Figure 4: U. S. Billed Minutes by Destination: 2003 Figure 5: Growth in U. S. Billed and Foreign Billed Minutes of Calling Figure 6: Growth in Minutes Compared with Decline in Prices Figure 7: Facilities- Based and Facilities- Resale International Message Telephone Service Revenues Figure 8: Per- Minute Settlement Payouts for US Billed and Per- Minute Settlement Receipts for Foreign Billed International Minutes Figure 9: Billed Revenue per Minute Compared with Retained Revenue per Minute Figure 10: Net Settlement Payouts Figure 11: Investment Cost per Circuit for Trans- Atlantic Submarine Cable Figure 12: 64 Kbps Equivalent International Circuits by Type of Circuit Figure 13: Voice Equivalent International Circuits by Use of Circuit Figure 14: Average Revenue per Voice Equivalent Circuit Tables Long- Term Trends in the International Market Table 1: International and Domestic Toll Service Revenues Table 2: International Telephone Service Per- Minute Data Table 3: Selected Traffic Statistics for International Telephone Service Table 4: International Telephone Service Minutes of Traffic Originating in the United States Compared with Traffic Originating in Other Countries Table 5: Cost of Selected Submarine Cable Systems Traffic and Circuit Data for Selected International Points Table 6: U. S. Billed Minutes of International Telephone Service Table 7: Foreign Billed Minutes of International Telephone Service Table 8: U. S. Billed Revenues for International Telephone Service Table 9: U. S. Billed Revenues per Minute for International Telephone Service Table 10: Net Settlement Payouts for International Telephone Service Table 11: Submarine and Terrestrial Circuits in Service Table 12: Satellite Circuits in Service Table 13: Circuits Used for International Telephone Service Table 14: U. S. Billed Revenues for International Private Line Service Traffic for Regions of the World Table 15: U. S. Billed Minutes of International Telephone Service Table 16: Foreign Billed Minutes of International Telephone Service Table 17: U. S. Billed Revenues for International Telephone Service 4 Trends in the International Telecommunications Industry Table of Contents -- Continued Table 18: Average U. S. Billed Revenue per Minute for International Telephone Service T able 19: U. S. Billed Revenues for International Private Line Service Rate Information for Selected International Points Table 20: Selected Prepaid Calling Card Rates for 7- Minute Calls Table 21: Private Line Revenue per 64 Kbps Equivalent Circuit Table 22: Accounting Rates for Peak- Period International Telephone Service Calls Table 23: Dollar Equivalent Accounting Rates for Peak- Period International Telephone Service Calls Traffic Information for Selected Carriers Table 24: Revenues for Facilities- Based and Facilities- Resale International Message Telephone Service Table 25: Shares of Facilities- Based and Facilities- Resale International Message Telephone Service Revenues Table 26: Shares of International Message Telephone Service Including Pure Resale and End- User Revenues Table 27: Revenue per Minute Data Appendices Appendix A: Notes to Tables Appendix B: Sources of International Traffic Data Appendix C: Data Collection Definitions and History 5 Table 1 International and Domestic Toll Service Revenues (Revenue Amounts Shown in Millions) International Service Revenues 1/ Total Toll International Revenues 2/ as % of Telephone Private Line Miscellaneous Total International Total Toll Facilities-Based, Facilities- Pure Telephone Record Telex Telegraph Other End Carrier's End Carrier's End Carrier's Resale, and Resale User Carrier & User Carrier & User Carrier & ISR 3/ 3/ 4/ End User 4/ End User 4/ End User 4/ 1950 $9.0 $0.2 $1.1 $39.3 $49.5 $49.5 $1,245 4.0 % 1951 12.1 0.3 1.9 $0.2 42.6 54.9 57.2 1,403 4.1 1952 15.4 0.3 2.8 0.4 41.3 57.2 60.3 1,535 3.9 1953 13.1 0.3 3.7 0.7 42.5 56.2 60.2 1,642 3.7 1954 13.7 0.2 4.3 0.8 45.0 59.5 64.0 1,796 3.6 1955 15.7 0.2 4.8 1.2 46.6 63.6 68.6 2,049 3.3 1956 18.7 0.3 5.3 1.9 49.8 70.4 76.0 2,277 3.3 1957 22.7 0.6 6.0 2.8 50.3 75.8 82.4 2,525 3.3 1958 27.8 1.4 6.8 3.6 50.2 81.6 89.8 2,680 3.4 1959 33.1 3.4 8.4 5.4 55.0 93.5 105.3 3,008 3.5 1960 42.3 7.1 7.5 7.5 57.9 107.8 122.3 3,243 3.8 1961 50.9 9.1 8.6 10.0 57.1 118.1 135.7 3,495 3.9 1962 61.4 11.1 9.5 12.2 56.2 129.7 150.3 3,786 4.0 1963 69.4 12.4 12.1 13.7 56.3 139.4 163.9 4,095 4.0 1964 62.9 13.6 14.6 17.2 58.0 138.1 166.3 4,615 3.6 1965 78.2 15.9 20.2 21.3 50.6 150.1 186.2 5,092 3.7 1966 100.1 17.6 29.0 27.3 49.7 177.2 223.7 5,843 3.8 1967 114.2 15.1 31.3 33.7 49.8 197.7 244.0 6,375 3.8 1968 126.9 15.4 36.6 44.3 50.5 221.8 273.8 7,126 3.8 1969 172.0 16.8 45.4 56.0 53.8 281.8 344.0 8,232 4.2 1970 196.6 15.5 49.9 63.1 53.1 312.8 378.2 8,956 4.2 1971 237.4 12.7 52.0 72.5 49.2 359.1 423.8 9,962 4.3 1972 291.8 14.2 57.7 88.3 44.8 424.9 496.9 11,323 4.4 1973 364.9 15.1 62.8 115.0 47.7 527.6 605.5 13,126 4.6 1974 428.7 12.9 64.1 142.7 52.3 623.7 700.8 14,582 4.8 1975 490.2 13.2 69.2 163.4 42.5 696.1 778.5 16,098 4.8 1976 601.1 14.1 74.8 188.0 37.3 826.4 915.4 18,680 4.9 1977 744.3 13.8 84.4 225.2 35.5 1,005.0 1,103.2 21,159 5.2 1978 954.4 14.0 93.3 267.3 37.1 1,258.9 1,366.2 24,426 5.6 1979 1,138.2 14.7 96.0 299.4 37.7 1,475.3 1,585.9 27,599 5.7 1980 2,097.2 14.8 100.0 324.9 62.6 2,484.7 2,599.5 31,001 8.4 1981 2,239.4 14.1 111.9 349.6 61.8 2,650.8 2,776.7 39,180 7.1 1982 2,382.1 14.3 123.7 363.3 56.4 2,801.8 2,939.8 43,919 6.7 1983 2,876.1 15.1 138.9 378.6 53.8 3,308.5 3,462.6 46,970 7.4 1984 3,197.0 7.2 150.4 393.8 45.6 3,636.4 3,794.0 51,156 7.4 1985 3,487.4 8.5 163.4 414.7 44.9 3,946.9 4,118.8 54,815 7.5 1986 4,004.4 10.7 164.2 389.6 41.6 4,435.6 4,610.5 57,468 8.0 1987 4,749.6 $14.1 26.8 164.1 360.1 35.1 5,146.3 5,349.9 58,519 9.1 1988 5,799.8 65.3 194.2 310.1 29.7 6,340.3 6,399.0 62,600 10.2 1989 6,901.1 112.9 208.0 243.1 27.0 7,390.5 7,492.0 66,024 11.3 1990 8,042.3 166.9 201.4 196.1 23.9 8,480.5 8,630.7 66,792 12.9 1991 9,219.1 440.7 309.0 200.0 15.2 $22.7 9,810.1 10,206.7 68,558 14.9 1992 10,331.3 514.0 323.4 155.4 15.6 24.1 10,901.1 11,363.7 71,983 15.8 1993 11,504.5 594.0 366.1 135.1 11.8 23.4 12,100.2 12,634.8 75,290 16.8 1994 12,430.9 1,122.7 440.9 122.7 12.4 25.3 13,144.3 14,154.8 80,726 17.5 1995 14,159.8 1,759.4 514.2 119.3 6.3 47.9 15,023.4 16,606.8 85,475 19.4 1996 14,234.1 3,642.7 660.7 118.9 5.0 26.1 15,409.1 18,687.5 93,361 20.0 1997 15,250.4 4,113.1 850.9 109.8 3.5 28.3 16,654.2 20,356.0 $89,193 100,793 18.7 %20.2 1998 14,246.4 4,798.3 921.5 50.5 2.7 36.3 15,737.2 20,055.7 91,607 105,055 17.2 19.1 1999 14,527.6 4,528.0 1,215.9 56.8 1.6 30.8 16,285.5 20,360.8 93,311 108,246 17.5 18.8 2000 14,172.2 7,366.7 1,501.9 32.7 1.3 250.6 16,751.4 23,381.4 87,767 109,615 19.1 21.3 2001 10,844.4 5,341.8 1,467.0 10.3 0.3 199.2 13,392.3 18,200.0 79,302 99,301 16.9 18.3 2002 9,446.4 5,100.7 988.1 5/ 5/ 112.8 12,005.9 16,596.6 67,222 83,697 17.9 19.8 2003 8,401.7 5,750.3 620.5 5/ 5/ 156.1 10,303.4 15,478.7 58,983 77,188 17.5 20.1 See notes at the end of the tables. 17 Table 2 International Telephone Service Per- Minute Data 1/ (Revenues, Pa youts, Recei pts and Minutes Amounts Shown in Millions) Foreign Billed Amounts Per- Minute Data 6/ Number End- User Payouts Retained Number Receipts End- User Payout Retained Receipts Net Retained of Billed to Revenues of from Billed to Revenues from Revenues Minutes Revenues Foreign Minutes Foreign Revenues Foreign Foreign for all U. S. 4/ Carriers Carriers 6/ Carriers Carriers and Foreign Minutes 1964 20.2 $62.9 $30.3 $32.6 12.0 $19.6 $3.11 $1.50 $1.62 $1.63 $1.62 1965 25.5 78.2 37.2 41.1 15.4 24.7 3.07 1.46 1.61 1.60 1.61 1966 32.3 100.1 47.6 52.5 18.9 30.1 3.10 1.47 1.63 1.59 1.61 1967 39.7 114.2 54.6 59.6 23.4 31.8 2.88 1.38 1.50 1.36 1.45 1968 46.4 126.9 61.5 65.4 28.2 40.0 2.73 1.33 1.41 1.42 1.41 1969 64.6 172.0 82.7 89.4 38.3 51.6 2.66 1.28 1.38 1.35 1.37 1970 81.1 196.6 98.9 97.7 51.0 59.8 2.43 1.22 1.21 1.17 1.19 1971 100.9 237.4 120.7 116.6 68.4 75.1 2.35 1.20 1.16 1.10 1.13 1972 126.5 291.8 148.2 143.6 91.7 98.6 2.31 1.17 1.14 1.08 1.11 1973 159.3 364.9 184.4 180.5 111.5 120.2 2.29 1.16 1.13 1.08 1.11 1974 190.7 428.7 216.6 212.1 142.0 152.2 2.25 1.14 1.11 1.07 1.09 1975 219.4 490.2 247.4 242.9 167.0 176.9 2.23 1.13 1.11 1.06 1.09 1976 272.7 601.1 303.0 298.1 197.2 207.2 2.20 1.11 1.09 1.05 1.08 1977 341.3 744.3 374.9 369.3 253.0 259.6 2.18 1.10 1.08 1.03 1.06 1978 455.6 954.4 496.2 458.2 346.0 314.8 2.09 1.09 1.01 0.91 0.96 1979 646.4 1,138.2 692.7 445.4 409.8 475.1 1.76 1.07 0.69 1.16 0.87 1980 1,569.2 2,097.2 1,063.1 1,034.1 1,162.4 715.9 1.34 0.68 0.66 0.62 0.64 1981 1,857.2 2,239.4 1,329.6 909.8 1,436.6 798.6 1.21 0.72 0.49 0.56 0.52 1982 2,186.6 2,382.1 1,673.6 708.5 1,612.7 961.4 1.09 0.77 0.32 0.60 0.44 1983 2,649.7 2,876.1 2,035.5 840.5 1,808.3 1,085.9 1.09 0.77 0.32 0.60 0.43 1984 3,037.0 3,197.0 2,268.8 928.2 1,970.6 1,065.7 1.05 0.75 0.31 0.54 0.40 1985 3,446.3 3,487.4 2,398.2 1,089.2 2,262.6 1,243.1 1.01 0.70 0.32 0.55 0.41 1986 4,126.1 4,004.4 2,864.6 1,139.9 2,511.0 1,395.9 0.97 0.69 0.28 0.56 0.38 1987 4,819.2 4,751.1 3,422.9 1,328.2 2,822.7 1,670.6 0.99 0.71 0.28 0.59 0.39 1988 5,679.4 5,806.3 4,039.1 1,767.2 3,228.2 1,906.3 1.02 0.71 0.31 0.59 0.41 1989 6,750.7 6,912.3 4,735.4 2,176.9 3,810.3 2,212.7 1.02 0.70 0.32 0.58 0.42 1990 8,029.7 8,059.0 5,297.4 2,761.6 4,340.9 2,426.3 1.00 0.66 0.34 0.56 0.42 1991 9,071.7 9,263.2 5,852.4 3,410.8 4,768.6 2,410.4 1.02 0.65 0.38 0.51 0.42 1992 10,293.8 10,382.5 6,007.7 4,374.8 5,369.7 2,481.2 1.01 0.58 0.42 0.46 0.44 1993 11,513.3 11,563.7 6,372.0 5,191.7 5,786.0 2,476.7 1.00 0.55 0.45 0.43 0.44 1994 13,615.6 12,542.9 7,009.7 5,533.2 6,384.9 2,501.8 0.92 0.51 0.41 0.39 0.40 1995 15,888.8 14,335.4 7,569.0 6,766.4 7,050.6 2,464.1 0.90 0.48 0.43 0.35 0.40 1996 19,325.1 14,597.8 8,252.3 6,345.5 8,293.2 2,450.9 0.76 0.43 0.33 0.30 0.32 1997 22,753.1 15,661.6 8,031.0 7,630.5 9,170.0 2,458.9 0.69 0.35 0.34 0.27 0.32 1998 24,249.9 14,726.3 7,021.7 7,704.5 10,198.5 2,158.2 0.61 0.29 0.32 0.21 0.29 1999 28,515.4 14,980.3 6,383.1 8,597.3 10,765.0 1,576.0 0.53 0.22 0.30 0.15 0.26 2000 30,134.8 14,908.8 5,536.0 9,372.8 12,888.2 1,447.6 0.49 0.18 0.31 0.11 0.25 2001 33,286.8 11,379.6 4,526.2 6,853.5 13,478.0 1,118.4 0.34 0.14 0.21 0.08 0.17 2002 35,988.3 9,956 3,872.9 6,083.6 13,676.8 738.0 0.28 0.11 0.17 0.05 0.14 2003 42,664.3 8,977 3,649.3 5,294.3 15,674.0 669.3 0.21 0.09 0.12 0.04 0.10 See notes at the end of the tables. U. S. Billed Amounts 18 Table 3 Selected Traffic Statistics for International Telephone Service 1/ (Revenues, Payouts, Receipts and Minutes Amounts Shown in Millions) Annual International 199319941995 19961997199819992000 2001 2002 2003 Growth Telephone Rates Service 1998 to 2003 7/ U. S. Minutes US Originated and Received 11,163 13,110 15,135 18,174 21,288 21,712 25,169 26,737 27,543 31,197 35,887 9.5 % Collect or Toll Free US Billed Country Direct and 350 500 728 1,053 933 1,736 1,935 1,236 1,330 1,127 1,422 n. m. Country Beyond 8/ Calls Reoriginated by U. S. n. a. 5 26 98 532 802 1,412 2,161 4,414 3,664 5,355 45.3 Carriers 8/ Total U. S. Billed Minutes 11,513 13,616 15,889 19,325 22,753 24,250 28,515 30,135 33,287 35,988 42,664 10.9 Foreign Minutes 9/ 5,786 6,385 7,051 8,293 9,170 10,198 10,765 12,888 13,478 13,677 15,674 8.7 Transiting Minutes 505 582 520 562 823 1,599 1,384 1,023 742 1,998 1,692 n. m. Total Minutes 17,804 20,583 23,460 28,180 32,746 36,048 40,664 44,046 47,507 51,663 60,030 10.0 U. S. Messages 1,945 2,347 2,830 3,520 4,259 4,477 5,305 5,742 6,265 6,107 7,350 8.9 Foreign Messages 1,220 1,408 1,525 1,976 2,103 2,134 2,682 2,904 2,942 3,030 3,608 9.0 Total Messages 3,165 3,755 4,354 5,496 6,361 6,611 7,987 8,646 9,207 9,136 10,958 8.9 Average Minutes per Message U. S. Calls 5.9 5.8 5.6 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.9 5.8 Foreign Calls 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.2 4.4 4.8 4.0 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.3 All Telephone Calls 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.1 5.1 5.5 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.7 5.5 Billed Revenues $11,505 $12,431 $14,160 $14,234 $15,250 $14,246 $14,528 $14,172 $10,844 $9,446 $8,402 -11.3 Settlement Payments $6,372 $7,010 $7,569 $8,252 $8,031 $7,022 $6,383 $5,536 $4,526 $3,873 $3,649 -13.2 Retained Billed Revenues $5,133 $5,421 $6,591 $5,982 $7,219 $7,225 $8,145 $8,636 $6,318 $5,574 $4,752 -9.6 Settlement Receipts $2,477 $2,502 $2,464 $2,451 $2,459 $2,158 $1,576 $1,448 $1,118 $738 $669 -21.3 Transiting Traffic Receipts $452 $496 $565 $369 $408 $1,094 $369 $349 $125 $290 $223 n. m. Transiting Traffic Payments $261 $279 $398 $226 $265 $715 $163 $187 $63 $136 $19 n. m. Net Settlement Payments ($ 3,705) ($ 4,291) ($ 4,938) ($ 5,658) ($ 5,429) ($ 4,484) ($ 4,601) ($ 3,927) ($ 3,346) ($ 2,981) ($ 2,776) n. m. Net Revenues 10/ $7,800 $8,140 $9,222 $8,576 $9,821 $9,762 $9,926 $10,245 $7,499 $6,465 $5,625 -11.7 Per Minute of U. S. Traffic: U. S. Billings $1.00 $0.91 $0.89 $0.74 $0.67 $0.59 $0.51 $0.47 $0.33 $0.26 $0.20 -20.0 Settlement Payments $0.55 $0.51 $0.48 $0.43 $0.35 $0.29 $0.22 $0.18 $0.14 $0.11 $0.09 -21.8 Retained Revenues $0.45 $0.40 $0.41 $0.31 $0.32 $0.30 $0.29 $0.29 $0.19 $0.15 $0.11 -18.5 Per Minute of Foreign Traffic: Settlement Receipts $0.43 $0.39 $0.35 $0.30 $0.27 $0.21 $0.15 $0.11 $0.08 $0.05 $0.04 -27.6 Per Transiting Minute Revenues $0.38 $0.37 $0.32 $0.25 $0.17 $0.24 $0.15 $0.16 $0.08 $0.08 $0.12 -15.7 Net Revenue per Minute $0.44 $0.40 $0.39 $0.30 $0.30 $0.27 $0.24 $0.23 $0.16 $0.13 $0.09 -19.7 Percent Billings for Settlements 55.4% 56.4% 53.5% 58.0% 52.7% 49.3% 43.9% 39.1% 41.7% 41.0% 43.4% Average Price for a U. S. Call $5.92 $5.30 $5.00 $4.04 $3.58 $3.18 $2.74 $2.47 $1.73 $1.55 $1.14 -18.6 See notes at the end of the tables. 19 Table 4 International Telephone Service Minutes of Traffic Ori ginating In the United States Compared with Traffic Originating in Other Countries 1/ 11/ (Amounts Shown in Millions) Annual 199319941995 19961997199819992000 2001 2002 2003 Growth Rates 1998 to 2003 7/ Total United States 11,513 13,616 15,889 19,325 22,753 24,250 28,515 29,216 33,287 35,988 42,664 11.0 % Total Other Countries 36,687 40,284 44,411 50,675 59,047 68,750 80,385 103,484 110,713 119,212 133,736 14.0 Total World 48,200 53,900 60,300 70,000 81,800 93,000 108,900 132,700 144,000 155,200 176,400 13.2 U. S. as a Percent of World 23.9% 25.3% 26.3% 27.6% 27.8% 26.1% 26.2% 22.0% 23.1% 23.2% 24.2% AT& T 7,201 8,040 8,831 9,546 10,331 10,452 10,900 9,787 11,975 12,787 13,681 6.0 MCI, Inc. 2,857 3,529 4,486 5,372 5,913 7,195 8,306 12,412 11,455 12,260 13,524 12.9 Sprint 1,181 1,490 1,772 2,745 2,794 2,916 3,640 3,945 5,447 4,774 6,459 15.7 Bell Canada 1,250 1,350 1,600 1,900 n. a. n. a. n. a. n. m. BT 2,310 2,489 2,909 3,158 3,735 4,249 4,029 4,559 4,234 4,059 4,178 -0.4 Cable & Wireless 820 1,018 1,107 1,411 2,065 2,646 2,528 3,488 3,114 3,459 n. a. n. m. China Telecom 12/ 900 1,170 1,390 1,433 1,632 1,712 1,950 2,240 1,783 1,325 1,460 -6.0 Deutsche Telekom 12/ 4,680 5,147 5,244 5,100 4,813 4,711 4,385 4,525 4,900 5,275 5,200 3.3 France Telecom 2,576 2,603 2,805 3,116 3,545 3,911 4,390 4,393 4,592 4,603 4,696 3.2 PCCW 1,377 1,578 1,692 1,739 1,718 1,682 1,668 1,200 1,270 1,169 1,445 -4.9 Stentor 1,552 1,525 1,467 1,650 1,778 n. a. n. a. n. a. n. a. n. a. n. a. n. m. Swisscom 1,572 1,649 1,778 1,936 2,164 2,258 2,259 1,633 1,757 2,137 3,052 4.1 Telecom Italia 1,610 1,708 1,908 2,184 2,352 2,339 2,391 2,706 3,042 3,405 3,682 10.3 See notes at the end of the tables. 20 Estimated Total Usable Cost When 64 kbps 64 kbps Investment Cost New Circuits as Circuits as per Usable System 13/ Year Techology ($ Million) Planned 14/ Planned 14/ Planned Circuit 15/ Trans- Atlantic TAT- 1 1956 Coax Cable $50 45 40 $1,238,452 TAT- 2 1959 Coax Cable 43 49 44 968,254 TAT- 3 1963 Coax Cable 51 88 79 642,540 TAT- 4 1965 Coax Cable 50 69 62 811,594 TAT- 5 1970 Coax Cable 70 720 648 108,642 TAT- 6 1976 Coax Cable 197 4,000 3,200 61,563 TAT- 7 1983 Coax Cable 180 4,246 3,821 47,103 TAT- 8 1988 Fiber Optic 360 7,560 6,048 59,524 PTAT- 1 1989 Fiber Optic 400 17,010 17,010 23,516 TAT- 9 1992 Fiber Optic 406 15,120 15,120 26,852 TAT- 10 1992 Fiber Optic 300 22,680 15,120 19,841 TAT- 11 1993 Fiber Optic 280 22,680 15,120 18,519 TAT- 12/ 13 1996 Fiber Optic 756 60,480 60,480 12,500 Gemini 1997 Fiber Optic 520 120,960 120,960 4,299 AC- 1 1998 Fiber Optic 750 241,920 241,920 3,100 Colombus III 1999 Fiber Optic 236 120,960 120,960 1,951 Level 3 2000 Fiber Optic 300 1,935,360 1,935,360 155 AC- 2 2000 Fiber Optic 300 1,935,360 1,935,360 155 TAT- 14 2001 Fiber Optic 1,500 1,935,360 1,935,360 775 FLAG- Atlantic- 1 2001 Fiber Optic 1,200 1,935,360 1,935,360 620 Hibernia Atlantic 2003 Fiber Optic 630 1,935,360 1,935,360 326 (formerly 360Atlantic) Apollo Cable 2003 Fiber Optic 1,200 3,870,720 3,870,720 310 Americas TCS- 1 1990 Fiber Optic 133 1,890 1,890 70,370 Taino- Carb 1992 Fiber Optic 17 45,360 45,360 375 Americas 1 1994 Fiber Optic 268 22,680 22,680 11,817 Pan American Cable System 1998 Fiber Optic 214 120,960 120,960 1,769 Americas II 2000 Fiber Optic 310 604,800 604,800 513 MAC 2000 Fiber Optic 200 241,920 241,920 827 PAC 2000 Fiber Optic 365 241,920 241,920 1,509 MAYA- 1 2000 Fiber Optic 150 90,720 90,720 1,653 SAC 2000 Fiber Optic 700 483,840 483,840 1,447 ARCOS- 1 2001 Fiber Optic 285 181,440 181,440 1,571 Emergia Cable System 2001 Fiber Optic 900 483,840 483,840 1,860 (formerly SAm- 1) SMPR- 1 2004 Fiber Optic 15 30,240 30,240 496 Trans- Pacific HAW- 4/ TPC- 3 1989 Fiber Optic 601 7,560 7,560 79,497 TPC- 4 1992 Fiber Optic 408 15,120 15,120 26,984 HAW- 5 1993 Fiber Optic 152 15,120 15,120 10,053 PacRimEast 1993 Fiber Optic 280 7,560 7,560 37,037 PacRimWest 1995 Fiber Optic 282 7,560 7,560 37,302 TPC- 5 1996 Fiber Optic 1,348 120,960 120,960 11,144 PC- 1 1999 Fiber Optic 1,200 967,680 967,680 1,240 China- U. S. CN 2000 Fiber Optic 1,100 967,680 967,680 1,137 Southern Cross 2000 Fiber Optic 800 483,840 483,840 1,653 Australia- Japan Cable (Guam) 2001 Fiber Optic 350 967,680 967,680 362 Japan- U. S. CN 2001 Fiber Optic 1,000 967,680 967,680 1,033 Tyco Pacific 2003 Fiber Optic 1,700 5,564,160 5,564,160 306 See notes at the end of the tables. Table 5 Cost of Selected Submarine Cable Systems (Including Some Systems Removed from Service and Some Planned Systems) 21 Table 6 U. S. Billed Minutes of International Tele phone Service 1/ For Selected International Points (In Millions) Annual U. S. Billed Minutes 199319941995 19961997199819992000 2001 2002 2003 Growth Rate 1998 to 2003 7/ Australia 126.5 157.0 201.3 282.6 389.2 439.9 397.0 492.9 504.3 499.7 529.6 4.8 % Brazil 171.4 221.9 283.0 374.7 495.3 568.1 586.4 677.8 773.9 797.5 1,029.0 12.2 Canada 2,493.8 2,787.3 3,049.3 3,464.9 3,922.1 3,860.6 4,292.2 4,623.1 4,915.1 4,850.3 5,493.7 6.5 China 110.3 169.5 231.0 299.3 380.2 418.3 397.1 501.0 398.9 395.7 559.1 3.5 Colombia 200.2 231.1 256.5 288.0 263.0 217.8 320.9 382.5 435.7 357.7 838.9 22.8 Dominican Republic 255.2 314.2 410.5 416.4 379.1 438.4 749.9 665.5 716.4 1,005.7 780.3 11.6 Egypt 49.0 56.9 68.6 90.0 109.9 111.3 169.1 94.4 170.7 291.8 260.4 20.3 El Salvador 107.0 120.8 135.7 141.8 154.9 197.9 237.4 298.1 331.6 669.3 1,016.7 38.5 France 263.7 304.9 362.8 442.6 511.0 560.3 577.1 539.4 725.5 653.5 681.4 4.8 Germany 572.6 604.1 662.3 782.4 1,008.3 1,153.4 1,466.4 1,251.4 886.9 1,057.4 1,501.9 0.0 Greece 75.6 82.1 86.5 91.3 97.5 115.3 183.8 213.8 259.9 172.9 203.6 8.5 Guatemala 93.8 105.4 115.1 128.0 127.3 144.7 189.8 233.1 368.9 909.1 1,455.9 61.2 Haiti 52.9 62.8 73.6 79.2 93.6 99.6 135.9 94.4 67.3 107.8 231.8 9.5 Hong Kong 143.2 213.9 315.8 539.7 677.3 565.3 193.0 163.3 278.1 171.2 232.6 -11.5 India 134.2 191.6 285.7 428.0 583.3 749.7 960.1 1,243.5 1,332.7 1,512.2 1,319.4 12.9 Israel 162.7 195.7 214.3 239.8 214.2 220.4 363.8 307.3 267.8 309.5 536.5 11.6 Italy 229.7 250.9 279.4 336.3 476.6 515.1 701.3 499.8 685.9 722.7 748.6 6.7 Jamaica 145.0 167.5 186.7 220.9 252.9 289.1 364.4 289.3 373.2 524.0 438.9 10.3 Japan 400.5 469.2 576.3 703.4 857.4 799.4 819.9 859.2 884.2 831.6 905.4 2.0 Korea, Republic of 238.8 283.4 319.3 382.5 428.4 381.3 322.9 335.8 430.5 394.8 439.9 4.6 Mexico 1,398.9 1,656.2 2,012.2 2,390.4 2,766.5 3,013.6 4,053.6 5,509.4 5,123.9 4,973.5 4,709.1 8.2 Morocco 9.2 11.7 13.6 14.1 14.4 16.3 64.8 34.0 51.0 88.8 71.6 28.4 Netherlands 107.3 130.4 163.6 207.2 225.3 273.0 308.2 236.6 283.4 404.5 495.1 12.0 Nigeria 38.5 39.5 52.1 75.1 105.3 160.7 133.5 104.9 92.2 98.3 118.8 -7.0 Pakistan 68.7 84.1 107.2 133.9 164.7 204.4 304.9 454.2 517.3 612.6 642.9 25.5 Peru 89.7 105.8 121.8 145.0 165.2 180.9 241.4 163.4 171.3 161.6 397.2 8.2 Philippines 224.7 267.3 295.7 356.3 452.3 557.1 757.6 1,042.3 1,664.7 2,275.5 1,458.9 27.8 Poland 81.6 110.3 133.4 161.4 170.8 189.4 273.1 276.1 372.8 270.5 361.9 10.5 Russia 45.6 63.7 78.4 100.9 122.5 156.3 193.8 183.6 171.8 148.8 284.0 6.3 Saudi Arabia 67.6 77.5 88.2 101.3 110.1 108.1 111.1 109.5 180.5 179.5 332.5 6.3 Sierra Leone 4.5 4.8 5.8 8.9 12.1 39.7 10.0 4.8 9.3 19.3 19.0 -3.0 Singapore 56.8 73.0 100.1 148.7 202.7 168.4 120.3 115.7 124.5 109.0 125.5 -4.7 South Africa 36.3 53.7 73.8 97.5 111.6 128.0 163.9 114.7 127.4 75.6 234.1 2.3 Spain 109.5 119.4 130.3 147.9 191.0 245.3 329.1 341.1 322.7 367.4 498.4 11.5 Switzerland 104.4 115.4 135.6 181.1 246.3 197.6 240.3 179.3 216.7 270.0 412.9 12.8 Taiwan 184.7 226.0 271.6 321.7 379.4 325.3 335.6 351.0 349.5 261.5 265.2 -4.9 Thailand 62.9 78.4 92.3 114.6 117.2 121.2 117.9 131.8 170.6 146.4 162.0 7.0 Turkey 40.1 45.6 51.3 59.3 62.5 106.9 241.2 162.0 205.6 258.1 276.6 16.0 United Kingdom 800.2 906.4 1,025.1 1,226.4 1,553.8 1,561.2 1,673.6 1,621.1 1,922.1 2,179.7 2,630.9 10.7 Vietnam 20.6 45.2 74.3 114.2 165.2 192.0 252.0 312.8 282.6 252.2 182.9 -1.0 Total for Countries Shown Above 9,577.8 11,204.9 13,139.9 15,837.6 18,760.7 19,791.3 23,354.4 25,213.9 27,167.6 29,386.8 32,883.1 9.9 % Total for Other Countries 1,935.5 2,410.8 2,748.9 3,487.6 3,992.4 4,458.6 5,161.0 4,920.9 6,119.2 6,601.5 9,781.2 15.0 Total for All Countries 11,513.3 13,615.6 15,888.8 19,325.1 22,753.1 24,249.9 28,515.4 30,134.8 33,286.8 35,988.3 42,664.3 10.9 Total for 5 Largest Routes 49.2% 47.2% 46.1% 44.3% 44.4% 42.6% 43.6% 46.0% 44.9% 43.9% 37.0% Canada, India Mexico, Philippines 43.9% 42.7% 42.0% 40.7% 40.8% 40.2% 41.2% 46.6% 44.9% 43.9% 36.6% and UK as Percent of Total Other Countries Shown 39.3% 39.8% 40.8% 41.4% 41.6% 41.6% 40.9% 38.9% 39.6% 42.1% 42.1% Above as Percent of Total Countries not Shown Above 16.9% 17.6% 17.2% 17.9% 17.7% 18.2% 17.9% 14.5% 15.4% 14.0% 21.3% as Percent of Total See notes at the end of the tables. 22 Table 7 Foreign Billed Minutes of International Tele phone Service 1/ For Selected International Points (In Millions) Annual Foreign Minutes 199319941995 19961997199819992000 2001 2002 2003 Growth Rate 1998 to 2003 7/ Australia 118.6 140.1 150.1 155.8 131.6 236.6 446.0 314.3 271.3 296.2 301.4 -0.5 % Brazil 46.9 62.1 101.7 123.5 159.2 180.2 185.9 203.2 232.8 317.6 263.9 11.0 Canada 1,605.6 1,800.8 2,067.3 2,845.9 3,141.9 3,359.0 3,922.1 5,139.3 5,066.4 4,432.0 4,822.5 6.4 China 41.1 48.5 52.4 58.3 61.8 79.4 46.9 65.7 57.7 70.7 88.7 4.8 Colombia 51.8 58.9 59.7 61.4 67.6 51.2 57.2 89.1 94.2 94.6 117.7 17.8 Dominican Republic 62.3 69.2 97.4 125.1 107.8 113.2 122.0 219.2 192.1 272.9 214.6 17.0 Egypt 8.0 8.6 9.2 9.6 10.7 11.7 11.2 11.3 11.8 13.2 30.6 16.5 El Salvador 7.8 8.0 8.6 9.9 12.7 16.0 24.8 71.6 61.9 70.2 92.8 39.9 France 161.7 170.3 181.2 203.6 216.7 270.8 226.2 253.9 231.6 338.5 358.7 7.5 Germany 262.6 277.1 290.6 313.0 325.2 365.9 333.0 384.6 477.2 863.1 864.5 23.4 Greece 25.4 34.2 30.6 33.0 35.1 42.8 38.6 46.1 47.5 47.6 52.3 4.9 Guatemala 14.0 12.8 14.3 11.8 15.4 17.9 18.7 27.0 48.0 43.3 59.3 29.6 Haiti 5.5 6.9 10.4 7.1 5.0 7.1 6.8 4.7 8.0 8.2 18.4 18.2 Hong Kong 89.9 101.0 102.4 96.3 78.4 50.5 103.7 83.9 81.6 139.1 229.4 27.2 India 57.3 52.0 51.8 50.1 49.7 58.5 44.2 77.4 77.8 83.5 289.2 32.7 Israel 53.2 59.3 70.4 78.9 121.6 171.4 237.4 261.7 260.3 288.1 302.7 10.3 Italy 99.1 101.4 104.0 114.4 117.8 134.0 201.1 133.8 125.5 176.2 217.2 5.7 Jamaica 38.4 36.1 44.3 50.1 49.9 51.9 54.2 59.2 68.0 98.2 89.2 14.1 Japan 291.5 308.8 322.5 346.5 342.9 336.4 309.2 310.2 343.3 357.9 505.8 7.6 Korea, Republic of 102.2 125.2 140.7 159.1 199.9 219.7 203.8 279.6 266.2 253.0 280.2 5.3 Mexico 676.3 748.8 835.7 948.1 942.2 1,086.3 1,124.1 1,574.5 1,700.1 1,449.6 1,703.7 9.2 Morocco 4.2 4.5 4.8 4.8 5.8 6.4 6.0 7.2 10.8 4.5 4.3 -6.6 Netherlands 77.0 82.5 82.7 85.6 98.7 122.2 136.8 143.4 187.4 222.9 302.9 19.6 Nigeria 11.3 18.5 18.9 9.2 8.7 17.4 9.2 11.0 17.7 13.4 10.4 -2.7 Pakistan 7.6 8.4 9.2 10.0 10.5 15.6 8.8 14.7 9.3 11.2 61.8 22.6 Peru 14.7 20.2 24.0 25.5 24.5 31.4 27.5 33.4 33.2 35.5 49.9 9.2 Philippines 37.0 42.9 42.3 50.2 33.4 50.8 38.9 57.3 73.3 104.3 85.4 18.0 Poland 28.7 34.0 31.5 27.1 27.3 27.8 24.9 24.2 13.3 20.0 16.1 -10.8 Russia 31.6 30.2 26.6 31.0 29.8 22.0 17.4 27.6 54.9 24.1 18.1 2.0 Saudi Arabia 29.8 28.2 24.1 27.2 31.8 36.9 32.0 24.0 35.7 30.3 27.8 -3.3 Sierra Leone 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.2 1.2 0.6 1.2 1.1 1.9 1.3 11.0 Singapore 37.7 43.5 51.1 53.5 61.4 65.8 26.4 72.7 73.5 65.0 87.7 12.6 South Africa 20.8 24.3 26.7 29.3 31.1 36.5 38.9 39.0 28.1 36.7 77.9 9.8 Spain 45.4 51.8 46.1 61.5 85.3 76.0 85.1 112.0 108.3 144.4 139.0 14.0 Switzerland 66.1 73.0 77.3 91.9 98.0 102.1 81.7 118.1 98.0 125.6 156.4 9.7 Taiwan 88.7 93.9 108.5 112.2 139.1 152.9 121.8 167.0 170.5 162.6 194.2 6.1 Thailand 18.9 22.6 26.3 29.7 26.3 32.2 23.5 25.6 30.2 32.4 37.1 5.4 Turkey 16.8 17.8 21.1 25.9 25.0 28.4 27.0 25.9 24.6 30.3 34.3 3.6 United Kingdom 546.7 590.0 690.7 737.7 945.5 1,175.2 1,119.1 1,001.9 1,351.7 1,370.0 1,597.3 7.2 Vietnam 1.0 2.1 3.1 5.2 4.1 4.5 7.4 4.5 5.0 4.7 4.1 -5.0 Total for Countries Shown Above 4,903.4 5,418.6 6,060.8 7,219.9 7,880.8 8,865.7 9,550.2 11,520.6 12,049.8 12,153.4 13,809.1 8.9 % Total for Other Countries 882.7 966.3 989.7 1,073.2 1,289.3 1,332.8 1,214.8 1,367.6 1,428.2 1,523.4 1,864.9 7.1 Total for All Countries 5,786.0 6,384.9 7,050.6 8,293.2 9,170.0 10,198.5 10,765.0 12,888.2 13,478.0 13,676.8 15,674.0 8.7 Total for 5 Largest Routes 58.5% 58.3% 59.7% 62.6% 62.1% 62.0% 63.2% 65.3% 66.3% 61.9% 60.6% Canada, India Mexico, Philippines 50.5% 50.7% 52.3% 55.9% 55.8% 56.2% 58.0% 60.9% 61.4% 54.4% 54.2% and UK as Percent of Total Other Countries Shown 34.2% 34.2% 33.7% 31.2% 30.2% 30.7% 30.7% 28.5% 28.0% 34.5% 33.9% Above as Percent of Total Countries not Shown Above 15.3% 15.1% 14.0% 12.9% 14.1% 13.1% 11.3% 10.6% 10.6% 11.1% 11.9% as Percent of Total See notes at the end of the tables. 23 Table 8 U. S. Billed Revenues for International Tele phone Service 1/ For Selected International Points (In Millions) U. S. Billed Revenues 199319941995 19961997199819992000 2001 2002 2003 Percent Change 1998 to 2003 Australia $158.0 $170.6 $202.5 $192.2 $118.4 $186.3 $220.2 $250.3 $191.4 136.2 134.9 -27.6 % Brazil 181.5 215.0 271.3 290.7 362.2 382.0 336.1 304.9 194.0 179.4 146.4 -61.7 Canada 1,027.2 991.9 1,039.8 1,020.1 1,203.4 1,195.0 1,204.1 1,221.0 920.8 928.6 877.0 -26.6 China 198.5 261.2 338.7 383.9 434.7 375.8 289.7 238.2 116.1 95.2 98.1 -73.9 Colombia 215.1 232.3 257.5 242.6 234.8 168.2 208.6 163.6 114.1 73.6 96.2 -42.8 Dominican Republic 249.5 262.3 342.9 292.8 216.5 197.8 202.4 168.1 143.6 149.8 124.3 -37.1 Egypt 66.2 72.2 85.9 93.9 113.5 108.0 137.0 66.2 75.0 80.6 53.7 -50.3 El Salvador 132.4 144.7 166.9 165.7 167.6 161.0 163.3 180.2 105.3 186.6 129.7 -19.4 France 261.9 277.9 294.6 274.4 323.2 280.8 204.7 222.1 239.2 143.0 170.7 -39.2 Germany 600.9 575.5 581.6 510.1 505.8 458.4 544.0 410.4 340.3 301.4 465.2 1.5 Greece 86.1 87.9 95.0 90.4 94.3 91.9 112.9 132.2 64.7 47.4 46.1 -49.8 Guatemala 111.7 121.7 134.8 137.3 127.4 120.8 126.0 146.1 138.4 300.1 300.0 148.4 Haiti 64.5 77.1 86.5 78.5 75.4 71.3 77.9 48.6 31.3 35.9 50.7 -28.9 Hong Kong 195.7 230.4 283.2 319.8 318.1 199.7 104.8 72.7 52.6 58.4 79.0 -60.4 India 252.8 298.5 395.3 433.9 561.2 610.5 634.5 799.4 685.4 600.2 322.4 -47.2 Israel 203.3 215.6 248.6 235.5 215.3 174.8 171.8 106.5 87.4 79.0 86.3 -50.6 Italy 241.2 255.8 278.4 265.8 352.0 358.5 410.4 273.2 231.1 183.0 196.0 -45.3 Jamaica 152.6 176.4 192.9 201.3 202.1 213.2 233.0 166.8 138.7 165.3 119.5 -43.9 Japan 494.2 490.9 573.8 537.8 529.6 371.8 368.3 320.3 259.2 265.7 244.8 -34.1 Korea, Republic of 325.6 325.6 347.3 355.2 379.2 307.9 226.1 200.3 157.0 125.4 110.9 -64.0 Mexico 1,400.0 1,547.8 1,700.8 1,775.7 1,850.0 1,794.2 2,027.8 2,858.7 1,471.1 1,346.3 572.2 -68.1 Morocco 12.2 14.4 18.2 16.8 18.3 13.7 47.1 21.0 22.1 20.9 20.3 47.9 Netherlands 109.8 112.3 128.0 118.3 112.6 108.5 134.9 111.3 107.7 84.1 111.4 2.6 Nigeria 44.9 42.9 56.5 65.0 83.6 109.7 88.8 44.6 38.2 30.0 31.8 -71.0 Pakistan 116.8 130.9 164.1 166.2 184.4 202.9 225.8 305.5 235.9 176.8 131.6 -35.2 Peru 95.5 109.4 125.7 126.1 144.2 144.4 161.9 79.7 53.3 31.7 47.7 -67.0 Philippines 315.8 345.8 382.3 383.9 435.5 424.0 470.3 488.0 514.9 583.1 239.9 -43.4 Poland 86.1 98.9 113.8 117.8 129.2 107.8 110.9 108.6 137.9 71.1 46.1 -57.2 Russia 88.6 115.9 123.3 129.0 142.9 107.8 120.0 79.6 46.1 35.4 67.8 -37.1 Saudi Arabia 95.3 96.9 106.1 106.4 118.8 108.3 97.5 82.3 96.3 53.1 86.0 -20.6 Sierra Leone 8.7 8.6 10.4 10.8 13.0 18.8 7.5 2.9 7.7 8.3 5.9 -68.4 Singapore 78.4 87.0 107.6 126.3 112.8 93.9 69.7 59.6 54.9 60.2 60.2 -35.8 South Africa 38.8 50.6 69.8 66.8 87.6 87.1 92.8 73.9 43.7 34.9 56.6 -35.0 Spain 120.9 127.9 140.4 138.5 150.6 176.6 207.2 188.6 117.2 87.2 114.8 -35.0 Switzerland 107.9 116.1 119.6 111.9 112.5 96.2 102.7 78.7 63.6 48.1 74.0 -23.1 Taiwan 239.3 237.5 263.6 238.2 260.4 205.8 181.2 166.3 110.8 70.3 54.6 -73.5 Thailand 96.0 99.8 117.1 117.4 127.2 113.9 101.3 85.2 57.2 32.5 45.2 -60.3 Turkey 53.0 56.9 61.5 61.6 66.3 97.8 132.4 80.3 53.2 55.0 85.0 -13.0 United Kingdom 699.5 719.4 750.7 699.2 761.4 659.4 693.5 693.9 700.3 423.9 463.9 -29.6 Vietnam 46.7 82.8 127.1 153.8 209.7 216.8 213.7 282.6 246.8 128.7 53.6 -75.3 Total for Countries Shown Above 9,073.3 9,685.2 10,904.3 10,851.9 11,655.6 10,921.1 11,262.5 11,382.7 8,464.4 7,516.5 6,220.6 -43.0 % Total for Other Countries 2,431.2 2,745.6 3,144.2 3,406.0 3,594.8 3,325.3 3,265.0 2,789.5 2,380.0 1,930.0 2,181.0 -34.4 Total for All Countries 11,504.5 12,430.9 14,159.8 14,234.1 15,250.4 14,246.4 14,527.6 14,172.2 10,844.4 9,446.4 8,401.7 -41.0 Canada, India Mexico, Philippines 32.1% 31.4% 30.1% 30.3% 31.5% 32.9% 34.6% 42.8% 39.6% 41.1% 29.5% and UK as Percent of Total Other Countries Shown 46.7% 46.5% 46.9% 45.9% 44.9% 43.8% 42.9% 37.6% 38.5% 38.5% 44.6% Above as Percent of Total Countries not Shown Above 21.1% 22.1% 23.0% 23.8% 23.6% 23.3% 22.5% 19.7% 21.9% 20.4% 26.0% as Percent of Total See notes at the end of the tables. 24 Table 9 U. S. Billed Revenues per Minute for International Tele phone Service For Selected International Points Billed Revenues per Minute 199319941995 19961997199819992000 2001 2002 2003 Percent Change 1998 to 2003 Australia $1.25 $1.09 $1.01 $0.68 $0.30 $0.42 $0.55 $0.51 $0.38 $0.27 $0.25 -39.9 % Brazil 1.06 0.97 0.96 0.78 0.73 0.67 0.57 0.45 0.25 0.22 0.14 -78.8 Canada 0.41 0.36 0.34 0.29 0.31 0.31 0.28 0.26 0.19 0.19 0.16 -48.4 China 1.80 1.54 1.47 1.28 1.14 0.90 0.73 0.48 0.29 0.24 0.18 -80.5 Colombia 1.07 1.01 1.00 0.84 0.89 0.77 0.65 0.43 0.26 0.21 0.11 -85.2 Dominican Republic 0.98 0.83 0.84 0.70 0.57 0.45 0.27 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.16 -64.7 Egypt 1.35 1.27 1.25 1.04 1.03 0.97 0.81 0.70 0.44 0.28 0.21 -78.8 El Salvador 1.24 1.20 1.23 1.17 1.08 0.81 0.69 0.60 0.32 0.28 0.13 -84.3 France 0.99 0.91 0.81 0.62 0.63 0.50 0.35 0.41 0.33 0.22 0.25 -50.0 Germany 1.05 0.95 0.88 0.65 0.50 0.40 0.37 0.33 0.38 0.29 0.31 -22.1 Greece 1.14 1.07 1.10 0.99 0.97 0.80 0.61 0.62 0.25 0.27 0.23 -71.6 Guatemala 1.19 1.15 1.17 1.07 1.00 0.83 0.66 0.63 0.38 0.33 0.21 -75.3 Haiti 1.22 1.23 1.18 0.99 0.81 0.72 0.57 0.51 0.47 0.33 0.22 -69.4 Hong Kong 1.37 1.08 0.90 0.59 0.47 0.35 0.54 0.45 0.19 0.34 0.34 -3.8 India 1.88 1.56 1.38 1.01 0.96 0.81 0.66 0.64 0.51 0.40 0.24 -70.0 Israel 1.25 1.10 1.16 0.98 1.01 0.79 0.47 0.35 0.33 0.26 0.16 -79.7 Italy 1.05 1.02 1.00 0.79 0.74 0.70 0.59 0.55 0.34 0.25 0.26 -62.4 Jamaica 1.05 1.05 1.03 0.91 0.80 0.74 0.64 0.58 0.37 0.32 0.27 -63.1 Japan 1.23 1.05 1.00 0.76 0.62 0.47 0.45 0.37 0.29 0.32 0.27 -41.9 Korea, Republic of 1.36 1.15 1.09 0.93 0.89 0.81 0.70 0.60 0.36 0.32 0.25 -68.8 Mexico 1.00 0.93 0.85 0.74 0.67 0.60 0.50 0.52 0.29 0.27 0.12 -79.6 Morocco 1.33 1.23 1.35 1.19 1.27 0.84 0.73 0.62 0.43 0.24 0.28 -66.3 Netherlands 1.02 0.86 0.78 0.57 0.50 0.40 0.44 0.47 0.38 0.21 0.22 -43.4 Nigeria 1.17 1.09 1.08 0.86 0.79 0.68 0.67 0.42 0.41 0.31 0.27 -60.7 Pakistan 1.70 1.56 1.53 1.24 1.12 0.99 0.74 0.67 0.46 0.29 0.20 -79.4 Peru 1.07 1.03 1.03 0.87 0.87 0.80 0.67 0.49 0.31 0.20 0.12 -84.9 Philippines 1.41 1.29 1.29 1.08 0.96 0.76 0.62 0.47 0.31 0.26 0.16 -78.4 Poland 1.06 0.90 0.85 0.73 0.76 0.57 0.41 0.39 0.37 0.26 0.13 -77.6 Russia 1.94 1.82 1.57 1.28 1.17 0.69 0.62 0.43 0.27 0.24 0.24 -65.4 Saudi Arabia 1.41 1.25 1.20 1.05 1.08 1.00 0.88 0.75 0.53 0.30 0.26 -74.2 Sierra Leone 1.94 1.78 1.80 1.22 1.07 0.47 0.75 0.61 0.83 0.43 0.31 -33.8 Singapore 1.38 1.19 1.08 0.85 0.56 0.56 0.58 0.52 0.44 0.55 0.48 -13.9 South Africa 1.07 0.94 0.95 0.69 0.78 0.68 0.57 0.64 0.34 0.46 0.24 -64.5 Spain 1.10 1.07 1.08 0.94 0.79 0.72 0.63 0.55 0.36 0.24 0.23 -68.0 Switzerland 1.03 1.01 0.88 0.62 0.46 0.49 0.43 0.44 0.29 0.18 0.18 -63.2 Taiwan 1.30 1.05 0.97 0.74 0.69 0.63 0.54 0.47 0.32 0.27 0.21 -67.4 Thailand 1.53 1.27 1.27 1.02 1.09 0.94 0.86 0.65 0.34 0.22 0.28 -70.3 Turkey 1.32 1.25 1.20 1.04 1.06 0.91 0.55 0.50 0.26 0.21 0.31 -66.4 United Kingdom 0.87 0.79 0.73 0.57 0.49 0.42 0.41 0.43 0.36 0.19 0.18 -58.3 Vietnam 2.27 1.83 1.71 1.35 1.27 1.13 0.85 0.90 0.87 0.51 0.29 -74.1 Average for Countries Shown Above 0.95 0.86 0.83 0.69 0.62 0.55 0.48 0.45 0.31 0.26 0.19 -4.3 % Average for Other Countries 1.26 1.14 1.14 0.98 0.90 0.75 0.63 0.57 0.39 0.29 0.22 -2.3 Average for All Countries 1.00 0.91 0.89 0.74 0.67 0.59 0.51 0.47 0.33 0.26 0.20 -3.8 Canada, India Mexico, Philippines 0.73 0.67 0.64 0.55 0.52 0.48 0.43 0.43 0.29 0.25 0.16 and UK as Percent of Total Average for Other Countries 1.19 1.07 1.03 0.82 0.72 0.62 0.54 0.48 0.34 0.27 0.22 Shown Above See notes at the end of the tables. 25 Table 10 Net Settlement Payouts for International Telephone Service 1/ For Selected International Points (In Millions) Net Settlement Payouts 199319941995 19961997199819992000 2001 2002 2003 Percent Change 1998 to 2003 Australia ($ 6.1) ($ 19.0) $8.7 $21.9 $37.2 $26.5 $55.6 $71.1 $20.2 $15.7 $16.2 -39.0 % Brazil 90.7 104.2 102.7 132.9 153.7 129.8 87.1 77.5 61.9 40.0 45.5 -64.9 Canada 130.2 136.7 125.4 99.7 73.9 77.4 47.8 6.0 11.6 (2.5) (17.9) n. m. China 77.7 152.1 231.0 263.2 233.9 140.6 122.7 97.3 43.0 15.7 14.1 -90.0 Colombia 111.7 122.9 131.9 139.2 110.5 56.2 68.9 75.1 47.9 25.9 43.4 -22.8 Dominican Republic 120.2 126.5 125.4 111.4 84.7 93.5 107.8 43.3 18.3 34.5 45.5 -51.3 Egypt 33.3 37.0 41.7 55.8 64.7 55.1 78.3 35.9 32.2 40.3 36.2 -34.3 El Salvador 65.0 69.6 77.1 75.0 67.6 70.9 60.4 52.9 51.8 56.4 79.0 11.4 France 40.7 41.5 44.2 45.3 39.3 22.7 18.2 18.7 57.3 45.0 22.7 -0.2 Germany 129.4 79.4 64.2 53.0 66.4 51.9 33.2 64.3 36.1 54.8 88.9 71.3 Greece 38.7 36.0 33.9 26.6 25.4 20.6 25.1 18.2 15.1 9.0 13.2 -36.1 Guatemala 52.1 56.7 58.7 64.0 53.2 41.0 46.7 57.5 57.8 71.6 100.5 145.2 Haiti 30.9 34.6 37.1 42.7 52.5 54.1 61.8 34.8 26.9 19.8 28.4 -47.5 Hong Kong 33.9 56.7 106.3 207.8 237.6 158.0 13.4 5.4 9.0 1.9 (2.8) -101.8 India 58.2 109.4 202.9 298.1 409.7 417.6 523.1 542.0 493.8 372.8 168.8 -59.6 Israel 105.0 128.5 119.1 103.4 41.5 12.6 16.7 11.9 2.1 8.2 13.0 2.9 Italy 85.2 72.3 65.9 51.8 63.1 54.3 66.4 37.9 46.2 70.2 65.3 20.1 Jamaica 78.4 93.1 99.4 115.5 132.3 154.9 154.5 89.7 61.6 67.2 47.2 -69.5 Japan 52.6 76.7 119.3 169.0 210.7 65.9 61.1 43.8 39.2 42.1 29.3 -55.6 Korea, Republic of 103.2 111.0 118.7 122.1 101.5 18.4 32.3 6.8 12.7 8.9 (1.2) -106.3 Mexico 720.0 818.9 871.7 875.0 703.3 648.9 652.3 755.7 471.2 421.9 360.2 -44.5 Morocco 7.5 9.8 11.0 5.5 3.4 1.4 17.1 6.4 7.8 17.8 12.1 n. m. Netherlands 8.0 10.8 22.3 22.8 16.5 11.3 (0.1) 7.8 11.8 12.6 16.2 42.7 Nigeria 18.8 9.5 8.5 41.7 68.5 100.3 70.9 31.3 18.1 18.1 15.4 -84.6 Pakistan 69.8 88.1 107.3 127.6 120.3 114.6 152.3 185.4 144.4 139.1 120.9 5.5 Peru 53.4 58.7 62.1 72.3 74.6 64.0 62.2 23.1 20.7 18.0 16.2 -74.7 Philippines 144.0 150.7 154.2 162.1 164.7 150.5 187.1 144.8 190.3 211.3 191.3 27.1 Poland 31.8 42.1 52.3 57.9 43.6 36.9 48.1 31.5 27.7 27.5 14.6 -60.5 Russia 20.8 39.0 60.6 67.1 44.4 35.8 55.9 27.9 14.7 8.6 9.9 -72.5 Saudi Arabia 37.7 50.2 66.9 77.6 71.2 53.5 46.6 18.7 26.6 36.4 36.2 -32.4 Sierra Leone 3.7 3.6 3.6 4.8 6.5 10.0 3.3 1.5 2.8 4.1 3.5 -64.4 Singapore 7.8 13.1 22.4 42.6 56.6 26.3 11.6 6.6 3.3 (0.2) 1.0 -96.4 South Africa 13.0 18.1 27.0 35.6 37.0 34.7 37.7 21.3 22.0 6.4 21.3 -38.6 Spain 54.9 55.7 53.0 36.2 21.2 26.1 25.6 20.7 15.1 28.0 28.1 7.4 Switzerland 15.6 17.9 19.3 22.7 23.5 14.0 18.0 8.4 13.2 16.8 31.6 126.0 Taiwan 48.9 79.1 95.0 118.4 133.9 42.3 27.8 21.9 18.6 4.4 4.4 -89.5 Thailand 36.2 44.8 50.7 64.1 57.3 34.4 27.5 20.2 43.7 16.0 12.6 -63.3 Turkey 21.3 26.0 24.0 18.9 16.6 28.4 69.4 32.4 31.1 32.7 23.9 -15.7 United Kingdom 67.3 77.1 55.3 41.1 23.4 (15.9) 25.9 12.7 14.8 1.3 (13.0) -18.0 Vietnam 21.5 40.4 62.3 94.1 139.8 151.0 179.4 209.2 171.5 116.1 46.9 -68.9 Total for Countries Shown Above 2,832.9 3,279.5 3,743.2 4,186.2 4,085.2 3,290.7 3,399.6 2,977.3 2,414.2 2,134.1 1,788.5 -45.6 % Total for Other Countries 872.0 1,011.3 1,194.7 1,472.3 1,343.9 1,193.4 1,201.9 949.9 931.4 847.0 987.9 -17.2 Total for All Countries 3,705.0 4,290.9 4,937.8 5,658.4 5,429.2 4,484.1 4,601.5 3,927.2 3,345.6 2,981.1 2,776.5 -38.1 Canada, India Mexico, Philippines 30.2% 30.1% 28.5% 26.1% 25.3% 28.5% 31.2% 37.2% 35.3% 33.7% 24.8% and UK as Percent of Total Other Countries Shown 46.2% 46.3% 47.3% 47.9% 49.9% 44.9% 42.7% 38.6% 36.8% 37.9% 39.6% Above as Percent of Total Countries not Shown Above 23.5% 23.6% 24.2% 26.0% 24.8% 26.6% 26.1% 24.2% 27.8% 28.4% 35.6% as Percent of Total See notes at the end of the tables. 26 Table 11 Submarine and Terrestrial Circuits in Service 15/ For Selected International Points Cable & Terrestrial Circuits 199319941995 19961997199819992000 2001 2002 2003 Percent Change 1998 to 2003 Australia n. a. n. a. 2,874 4,416 8,201 8,819 21,740 40,241 94,186 103,601 121,082 1273.0 % Brazil n. a. n. a. 1,264 2,119 3,229 4,423 5,986 27,233 31,382 31,106 21,923 395.7 Canada n. a. n. a. 51,223 65,440 124,489 108,235 185,171 393,519 465,547 391,446 443,652 309.9 China n. a. n. a. 409 744 1,013 1,469 4,463 16,475 54,601 47,955 51,517 3406.9 Colombia n. a. n. a. 914 1,166 1,190 1,371 1,671 4,059 6,908 12,871 14,579 963.4 Dominican Republic n. a. n. a. 1,477 1,464 1,512 2,128 2,009 2,696 3,559 8,472 6,703 215.0 Egypt n. a. n. a. 30 63 115 257 296 281 181 245 361 40.5 El Salvador n. a. n. a. 120 0 114 185 279 234 354 5,972 4,931 2565.4 France n. a. n. a. 2,622 5,351 6,312 6,703 15,714 26,172 31,352 27,015 58,457 772.1 Germany n. a. n. a. 3,532 8,449 12,909 12,735 33,710 101,669 83,327 124,648 273,425 2047.0 Greece n. a. n. a. 142 278 349 174 474 575 2,577 425 420 141.4 Guatemala n. a. n. a. 0 0 34 145 134 219 326 1,063 1,389 857.9 Haiti n. a. n. a. 90 60 60 61 88 88 152 148 178 191.8 Hong Kong n. a. n. a. 1,406 2,581 4,041 5,748 10,537 15,516 20,489 72,739 125,792 2088.4 India n. a. n. a. 608 1,041 1,453 1,008 3,793 5,619 11,982 25,140 39,316 3800.4 Israel n. a. n. a. 528 863 1,291 1,923 3,557 3,575 4,330 3,699 2,152 11.9 Italy n. a. n. a. 1,534 2,254 2,334 2,840 3,140 12,847 32,240 34,409 20,195 611.1 Jamaica n. a. n. a. 273 263 228 445 470 586 995 1,139 1,593 258.0 Japan n. a. n. a. 6,435 12,786 16,303 20,047 62,391 125,321 173,099 219,871 408,134 1935.9 Korea, Republic of n. a. n. a. 1,105 2,379 5,548 5,919 11,488 38,940 63,904 40,707 46,934 692.9 Mexico n. a. n. a. 24,860 41,059 60,083 69,250 104,348 169,052 228,618 232,473 266,015 284.1 Morocco n. a. n. a. 61 62 62 64 59 60 63 59 87 35.9 Netherlands n. a. n. a. 1,808 2,985 3,230 8,182 23,103 68,439 66,064 223,794 225,753 2659.1 Nigeria n. a. n. a. 0 30 0 0 0 66 2 2 90 n. m. Pakistan n. a. n. a. 0 32 0 1 5 316 559 797 966 96500.0 Peru n. a. n. a. 0 0 0 03139001,915 3,122 2,126 n. m. Philippines n. a. n. a. 1,804 2,265 3,616 4,546 5,109 6,435 11,885 19,696 28,489 526.7 Poland n. a. n. a. 347 580 659 928 961 957 884 886 1,320 42.2 Russia n. a. n. a. 677 659 1,267 1,681 2,610 3,271 1,285 1,188 1,958 16.5 Saudi Arabia n. a. n. a. 90 150 179 149 210 210 2,669 277 241 61.7 Sierra Leone n. a. n. a. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00n. m. Singapore n. a. n. a. 597 1,449 2,048 2,584 9,241 25,045 39,525 63,717 81,228 3043.5 South Africa n. a. n. a. 174 357 523 577 575 581 1,930 501 1,882 226.2 Spain n. a. n. a. 1,136 1,353 2,685 2,978 2,540 2,893 35,750 4,686 5,334 79.1 Switzerland n. a. n. a. 1,156 1,553 2,347 3,825 8,561 8,999 20,684 71,521 165,229 4219.7 Taiwan n. a. n. a. 1,058 1,825 2,501 3,204 7,167 12,784 30,095 28,842 30,892 864.2 Thailand n. a. n. a. 140 256 599 879 1,149 1,418 6,498 7,095 4,839 450.5 Turkey n. a. n. a. 149 238 343 194 414 356 2,922 304 395 103.6 United Kingdom n. a. n. a. 14,952 32,034 41,537 104,039 300,402 701,941 667,809 691,695 1,027,660 887.8 Vietnam n. a. n. a. 1 210 508 534 582 547 589 829 794 48.7 Total for Countries Shown Above n. a. n. a. 125,596 198,814 312,912 388,250 834,460 1,820,135 2,201,237 2,504,155 3,488,031 798.4 % Total for Other Countries n. a. n. a. 12,917 18,465 27,800 39,206 46,262 70,819 121,389 260,398 266,233 579.1 Total for All Countries n. a. n. a. 138,513 217,279 340,712 427,456 880,722 1,890,954 2,322,626 2,764,553 3,754,264 778.3 Canada, India Mexico, Philippines n. a. n. a. 67.5% 65.3% 67.9% 67.2% 68.0% 67.5% 59.7% 49.2% 48.1% and UK as Percent of Total Other Countries Shown n. a. n. a. 23.2% 26.2% 24.0% 23.7% 26.8% 28.7% 35.1% 41.4% 44.8% Above as Percent of Total Countries not Shown Above n. a. n. a. 9.3% 8.5% 8.2% 9.2% 5.3% 3.7% 5.2% 9.4% 7.1% as Percent of Total See notes at the end of the tables. 27 Table 12 Satellite Circuits in Service 15/ For Selected International Points Activated Satellite Circuits 199319941995 19961997199819992000 2001 2002 2003 Percent Change 1998 to 2003 Australia n. a. n. a. 293 291 271 232 4,040 2,508 3,609 4,277 3,430 1378.4 % Brazil n. a. n. a. 633 645 852 1,252 3,914 4,096 1,260 735 816 -34.8 Canada n. a. n. a. 1,272 647 1,992 634 1,284 1,763 504 3 3 -99.5 China n. a. n. a. 705 852 914 996 969 10,094 6,771 6,854 1,719 72.6 Colombia n. a. n. a. 346 400 695 724 2,062 3,180 3,678 3,208 541 -25.3 Dominican Republic n. a. n. a. 683 971 1,339 629 636 612 440 469 158 -74.9 Egypt n. a. n. a. 210 199 226 289 2,347 423 360 366 217 -24.9 El Salvador n. a. n. a. 237 408 407 469 1,068 1,950 1,387 1,233 432 -7.9 France n. a. n. a. 300 345 343 343 22 22 56 62 70 -79.6 Germany n. a. n. a. 455 75 347 257 612 449 392 274 444 72.8 Greece n. a. n. a. 198 201 224 163 317 770 1,079 914 321 96.9 Guatemala n. a. n. a. 338 415 423 502 578 894 809 697 402 -19.9 Haiti n. a. n. a. 311 201 194 195 290 432 816 854 381 95.4 Hong Kong n. a. n. a. 275 356 333 208 2,215 1,416 653 31 119 -42.8 India n. a. n. a. 690 862 768 955 840 772 867 1,386 653 -31.6 Israel n. a. n. a. 300 483 635 458 2,915 7,128 1,361 1 0 -100.0 Italy n. a. n. a. 177 318 223 346 296 187 41 38 38 -89.0 Jamaica n. a. n. a. 374 431 489 460 841 899 1,858 1,540 786 70.9 Japan n. a. n. a. 1,393 1,171 1,033 933 1,057 3,100 276 727 2,399 157.1 Korea, Republic of n. a. n. a. 534 640 493 481 460 745 580 291 1,128 134.5 Mexico n. a. n. a. 78 74 472 286 56 107 891 788 41 -85.7 Morocco n. a. n. a. 33 34 58 60 72 83 75 85 61 1.7 Netherlands n. a. n. a. 91 43 43 43 21 21 32 30 30 -30.2 Nigeria n. a. n. a. 242 185 235 328 591 743 1,035 1,170 663 102.1 Pakistan n. a. n. a. 269 339 339 368 442 578 565 539 565 53.5 Peru n. a. n. a. 344 528 687 799 1,418 1,287 593 1,416 284 -64.5 Philippines n. a. n. a. 206 137 48 19 11 897 380 394 90 373.7 Poland n. a. n. a. 224 259 258 258 257 249 258 289 287 11.2 Russia n. a. n. a. 613 694 554 461 455 737 231 120 132 -71.4 Saudi Arabia n. a. n. a. 317 365 396 380 533 545 805 823 490 28.9 Sierra Leone n. a. n. a. 17 31 31 31 31 32 66 73 61 96.8 Singapore n. a. n. a. 306 291 213 214 394 210 244 193 0 -100.0 South Africa n. a. n. a. 169 278 322 514 398 1,684 5,793 5,819 357 -30.5 Spain n. a. n. a. 61 102 124 166 67 164 145 62 62 -62.7 Switzerland n. a. n. a. 176 116 2 0 0 44,744 4,744 2,847 n. m. Taiwan n. a. n. a. 171 148 132 127 130 2,224 761 773 38 -70.1 Thailand n. a. n. a. 286 400 320 193 205 158 112 84 24 -87.6 Turkey n. a. n. a. 80 189 136 138 389 2,992 3,925 1,449 89 -35.5 United Kingdom n. a. n. a. 1,229 441 202 211 460 2,219 1,433 2,324 4,296 1936.0 Vietnam n. a. n. a. 194 308 188 188 157 235 155 163 75 -60.1 Total for Countries Shown Above n. a. n. a. 14,830 14,873 16,961 15,310 32,850 56,609 49,040 45,298 24,549 60.3 % Total for Other Countries n. a. n. a. 11,075 14,399 20,410 21,346 27,975 36,107 33,040 35,011 25,546 19.7 Total for All Countries n. a. n. a. 25,905 29,272 37,371 36,656 60,825 92,716 82,080 80,309 50,095 36.7 Canada, India Mexico, Philippines n. a. n. a. 13.4% 7.4% 9.3% 5.7% 4.4% 6.2% 5.0% 6.1% 10.1% and UK as Percent of Total Other Countries Shown n. a. n. a. 43.8% 43.4% 36.1% 36.0% 49.6% 54.8% 54.8% 50.3% 38.9% Above as Percent of Total Countries not Shown Above n. a. n. a. 42.8% 49.2% 54.6% 58.2% 46.0% 38.9% 40.3% 43.6% 51.0% as Percent of Total See notes at the end of the tables. 28 Table 13 Circuits Used for International Telephone Service 15/ For Selected International Points IMTS Circuits 199319941995 19961997199819992000 2001 2002 2003 Percent Change 1998 to 2003 Australia n. a. n. a. 2,310 2,247 4,173 3,494 2,521 3,366 5,845 9,292 7,597 117.4 % Brazil n. a. n. a. 1,430 1,530 1,595 2,030 1,919 2,639 3,318 5,724 6,718 230.9 Canada n. a. n. a. 44,384 41,869 50,501 54,909 77,798 80,874 140,285 125,435 125,338 128.3 China n. a. n. a. 1,058 1,290 1,501 1,606 1,673 1,557 1,761 1,585 2,312 44.0 Colombia n. a. n. a. 1,026 1,178 1,137 1,168 1,373 1,699 2,566 4,008 3,232 176.7 Dominican Republic n. a. n. a. 1,555 1,661 2,156 2,310 1,973 2,258 2,725 3,266 3,056 32.3 Egypt n. a. n. a. 235 203 215 278 270 300 332 407 514 84.9 El Salvador n. a. n. a. 338 359 390 474 637 690 721 988 1,240 161.6 France n. a. n. a. 2,143 2,810 3,142 4,389 5,336 5,896 8,595 13,738 22,050 402.4 Germany n. a. n. a. 2,706 3,835 5,120 5,595 9,244 11,315 12,472 20,880 18,447 229.7 Greece n. a. n. a. 314 330 404 285 373 524 477 507 475 66.7 Guatemala n. a. n. a. 308 365 368 465 503 702 633 1,247 1,546 232.5 Haiti n. a. n. a. 392 246 244 240 236 298 328 358 328 36.7 Hong Kong n. a. n. a. 779 1,007 1,273 1,227 1,313 1,657 2,783 2,553 7,912 544.8 India n. a. n. a. 1,004 1,358 1,418 1,144 1,453 1,839 1,993 3,529 8,945 681.9 Israel n. a. n. a. 676 860 1,082 1,018 1,141 1,357 1,306 1,307 1,209 18.8 Italy n. a. n. a. 1,545 1,772 1,700 2,234 2,635 2,740 4,965 15,613 20,067 798.3 Jamaica n. a. n. a. 587 620 639 771 668 802 1,041 969 1,204 56.2 Japan n. a. n. a. 4,888 5,629 6,582 7,041 8,681 11,133 10,764 15,125 12,387 75.9 Korea, Republic of n. a. n. a. 1,143 1,492 2,246 2,299 2,678 2,858 2,807 3,037 3,887 69.1 Mexico n. a. n. a. 23,270 27,812 37,030 40,350 52,280 64,529 71,216 83,465 84,320 109.0 Morocco n. a. n. a. 91 89 113 115 112 114 114 113 142 23.5 Netherlands n. a. n. a. 1,224 1,073 1,179 2,087 1,831 3,401 3,497 3,012 5,247 151.4 Nigeria n. a. n. a. 232 208 232 294 364 365 303 333 454 54.4 Pakistan n. a. n. a. 268 329 269 300 305 443 813 1,115 1,373 357.7 Peru n. a. n. a. 277 343 383 404 540 758 593 1,089 1,154 185.6 Philippines n. a. n. a. 1,856 2,003 2,835 3,125 3,143 3,862 6,588 10,642 7,146 128.7 Poland n. a. n. a. 554 744 760 1,089 1,085 1,105 1,057 1,129 1,526 40.1 Russia n. a. n. a. 1,108 1,052 1,266 1,269 1,541 1,455 1,160 1,158 1,639 29.2 Saudi Arabia n. a. n. a. 319 378 461 297 328 358 478 518 478 60.9 Sierra Leone n. a. n. a. 16 27 27 27 27 24 38 38 46 70.4 Singapore n. a. n. a. 378 623 641 835 867 975 1,181 1,990 1,658 98.6 South Africa n. a. n. a. 259 382 423 432 432 524 579 656 592 37.0 Spain n. a. n. a. 1,120 1,209 1,722 1,990 1,463 2,726 3,982 3,939 3,982 100.1 Switzerland n. a. n. a. 927 952 1,237 2,251 1,991 2,799 4,586 3,912 4,944 119.6 Taiwan n. a. n. a. 1,070 1,377 1,635 1,368 1,647 1,586 1,768 2,201 12,185 790.7 Thailand n. a. n. a. 342 357 439 490 487 460 489 580 613 25.1 Turkey n. a. n. a. 180 233 287 209 321 355 385 351 381 82.3 United Kingdom n. a. n. a. 8,530 13,149 18,197 25,444 54,789 48,762 42,226 50,163 52,112 104.8 Vietnam n. a. n. a. 191 508 661 662 643 601 571 571 504 -23.9 Total for Countries Shown Above n. a. n. a. 111,033 123,509 155,683 176,015 246,621 269,706 347,341 396,543 428,960 143.7 % Total for Other Countries n. a. n. a. 20,689 22,599 26,674 28,790 30,805 32,901 36,299 52,127 55,441 92.6 Total for All Countries n. a. n. a. 131,722 146,108 182,357 204,805 277,426 302,607 383,640 448,670 484,401 136.5 Canada, India Mexico, Philippines n. a. n. a. 60.0% 59.0% 60.3% 61.0% 68.3% 66.0% 68.4% 60.9% 57.4% and UK as Percent of Total Other Countries Shown n. a. n. a. 24.3% 24.3% 23.8% 23.7% 18.4% 20.6% 20.6% 25.2% 28.9% above as Percent of Total Countries not Shown Above n. a. n. a. 15.7% 16.7% 15.9% 15.3% 13.3% 13.3% 11.0% 13.9% 13.8% as Percent of Total See notes at the end of the tables. 29 Table 14 U. S. Billed Revenues for International Private Line Service 1/ For Selected International Points (In Millions) Private Line Revenues 199319941995 19961997199819992000 2001 2002 2003 Percent Change 1998 to 2003 Australia $15.9 $19.9 $21.8 $25.5 $40.1 $47.4 $81.6 $100.5 $74.4 $36.5 $29.3 -38.2 % Brazil 6.4 7.7 10.6 14.8 17.9 26.6 26.1 26.1 32.6 22.1 13.1 -50.7 Canada 42.0 55.4 59.8 60.6 67.1 60.2 88.0 98.0 86.4 70.8 54.1 -10.1 China 0.6 1.1 1.7 2.9 5.8 12.7 32.6 61.2 84.1 56.9 8.0 -37.3 Colombia 2.1 2.8 3.7 6.0 7.0 15.3 18.2 23.7 12.9 15.8 11.3 -26.0 Dominican Republic 1.7 2.5 4.1 5.2 6.4 4.8 6.5 6.6 6.5 6.1 3.8 -21.7 Egypt 0.2 0.1 1.0 0.1 1.1 1.4 4.8 2.3 2.2 2.1 0.8 -44.8 El Salvador 0.3 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.4 2.2 3.8 7.3 4.4 2.3 1.3 -42.8 France 13.6 13.2 14.1 18.3 20.4 14.2 12.4 8.4 5.5 2.9 3.8 -73.1 Germany 12.1 18.3 26.8 31.3 48.5 37.9 44.6 36.7 31.6 46.9 25.7 -32.1 Greece 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.4 1.2 1.8 1.5 1.6 0.2 -55.8 Guatemala 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.4 2.3 6.8 3.5 2.4 1.8 29.7 Haiti 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 1.3 2.1 1.1 1.2 2.2 478.2 Hong Kong 15.0 18.6 24.2 32.3 33.4 42.6 60.1 62.5 29.7 9.5 12.9 -69.8 India 1.7 3.6 6.0 10.3 14.6 24.7 29.3 50.7 64.9 82.4 84.2 240.8 Israel 1.8 1.8 3.9 6.5 7.5 8.1 15.1 12.1 13.1 6.9 3.1 -61.4 Italy 2.6 2.9 3.7 6.2 8.5 5.5 7.5 5.8 5.5 4.2 1.0 -82.6 Jamaica 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.2 4.4 10.9 6.1 4.5 5.6 156.9 Japan 48.5 49.2 46.6 64.0 92.3 109.5 160.7 189.4 207.3 81.4 61.1 -44.2 Korea, Republic of 7.7 7.8 9.1 13.4 17.6 29.2 52.7 31.8 33.4 13.8 13.6 -53.4 Mexico 16.7 21.5 29.6 29.9 33.9 41.6 69.1 98.7 90.5 53.9 41.8 0.4 Morocco 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.3 6720.7 Netherlands 5.9 6.2 9.7 13.6 14.9 15.7 14.7 9.9 9.0 8.4 3.0 -80.9 Nigeria 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.0 5.8 4.7 4.6 1.1 68.3 Pakistan 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.6 1.9 2.0 3.6 4.0 3.0 0.9 -51.3 Peru 1.0 1.3 1.9 2.9 4.1 5.2 7.0 10.3 5.1 5.0 2.2 -58.5 Philippines 3.5 3.9 4.9 6.0 8.9 13.7 17.6 14.3 14.2 9.8 8.5 -38.3 Poland 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.6 54.2 Russia 1.2 5.7 6.8 12.4 11.0 13.3 7.9 4.6 2.5 2.3 1.7 -87.2 Saudi Arabia 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.9 1.7 2.1 2.8 2.3 3.5 3.9 1.6 -25.0 Sierra Leone 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 7.7 Singapore 9.9 15.0 18.7 20.4 26.3 33.8 48.9 56.1 50.2 19.2 10.7 -68.4 South Africa 0.2 0.5 1.1 3.9 6.3 8.1 11.2 18.1 15.5 11.0 1.3 -83.7 Spain 1.9 1.4 1.7 2.4 3.3 1.2 2.8 2.3 1.5 0.8 0.5 -60.1 Switzerland 6.0 6.3 6.8 7.1 8.4 8.2 6.0 2.8 4.6 5.1 3.2 -60.9 Taiwan 3.2 4.0 5.9 7.2 11.1 19.8 30.7 38.4 25.1 9.8 5.4 -72.9 Thailand 0.9 1.3 2.0 2.8 3.9 4.4 5.7 6.6 11.0 2.4 1.0 -76.3 Turkey 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.5 1.9 2.6 8.3 1.7 1.0 0.5 -73.5 United Kingdom 82.7 96.4 107.4 132.6 183.0 120.8 92.9 144.9 140.0 81.1 52.3 -56.7 Vietnam 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.7 0.7 1.8 83.7 Total for Countries Shown Above 310.1 374.4 440.4 548.0 713.7 740.1 978.1 1,172.8 1,091.3 693.3 475.0 -35.8 % Total for Other Countries 56.0 66.4 73.8 112.7 137.2 181.4 237.8 307.1 326.1 294.7 145.5 -19.8 Total for All Countries 366.1 440.9 514.2 660.7 850.9 921.5 1,215.9 1,479.9 1,417.4 988.1 620.5 -32.7 Canada, India Mexico, Philippines 40.0% 41.0% 40.4% 36.2% 36.1% 28.3% 24.4% 27.5% 27.9% 30.2% 38.8% and UK as Percent of Total Other Countries Shown 44.7% 43.9% 45.3% 46.7% 47.7% 52.0% 56.0% 51.8% 49.1% 40.0% 37.7% Above as Percent of Total Countries not Shown Above 15.3% 15.1% 14.4% 17.1% 16.1% 19.7% 19.6% 20.7% 23.0% 29.8% 23.4% as Percent of Total 30 Table 15 U. S. Billed Minutes of International Telephone Service 1/ By Region of the World (In Millions) Annual U. S. Billed Minutes 199319941995 19961997199819992000 2001 2002 2003 Growth Rates 1999 to 2003 7/ Africa 235.3 303.4 408.0 525.1 602.2 772.7 907.7 731.2 1,041.5 1,206.6 2,076.9 24.1 % Antarctica and Maritime 11.9 10.3 8.9 4.4 10.3 16.6 3.5 1.3 2.2 2.5 3.5 n. m. Asia 1,756.7 2,241.9 2,851.2 3,781.7 4,704.7 4,783.6 4,879.7 5,870.0 6,872.4 7,510.4 7,355.9 11.3 Caribbean 735.4 912.4 1,088.8 1,264.3 1,372.2 1,645.0 2,062.9 1,798.8 1,882.7 2,363.1 2,328.6 5.3 Eastern Europe 246.8 337.5 408.9 538.6 586.8 712.2 1,074.5 995.1 1,331.2 1,388.5 2,087.0 18.1 Middle East 400.5 474.3 555.7 656.9 636.8 680.7 933.5 817.1 933.9 951.8 1,563.7 12.6 North and Central America 4,337.4 5,019.2 5,577.1 6,440.2 7,346.4 7,633.1 9,284.7 11,196.8 11,339.7 12,128.6 13,496.9 8.6 Oceania 209.3 251.9 299.8 418.8 595.0 643.2 598.1 669.3 737.0 848.2 895.5 11.0 South America 849.6 1,028.9 1,282.3 1,593.3 1,782.8 1,802.0 2,051.8 2,163.0 2,622.7 2,353.5 4,121.8 15.9 Western Europe 2,714.1 3,018.5 3,408.1 4,082.0 5,092.2 5,542.1 6,695.7 5,858.4 6,488.2 7,204.8 8,723.5 7.6 Total for All Countries 16/ 11,513.3 13,615.6 15,888.8 19,325.1 22,753.1 24,249.9 28,515.4 30,134.8 33,286.8 35,988.3 42,664.3 10.3 % North and Central America 37.7% 36.9% 35.1% 33.3% 32.3% 31.5% 32.6% 37.2% 34.1% 33.7% 31.6% as Percent of Total Western Europe 23.6% 22.2% 21.4% 21.1% 22.4% 22.9% 23.5% 19.4% 19.5% 20.0% 20.4% as Percent of Total Other Regions of the World 38.8% 41.0% 43.4% 45.6% 45.3% 45.7% 44.0% 43.4% 46.4% 46.3% 47.9% as Percent of Total See notes at the end of the tables. Table 16 Foreign Billed Minutes of International Telephone Service 1/ By Region of the World (In Millions) Annual Foreign Billed 199319941995 19961997199819992000 2001 2002 2003 Growth Minutes Rates 1999 to 2003 7/ Africa 70.2 82.4 89.7 88.2 99.7 121.3 110.0 134.6 149.2 113.9 218.7 12.8 % Antarctica and Maritime 2.9 2.1 1.5 5.3 0.9 0.0 6.4 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.0 n. m. Asia 810.7 890.4 961.2 1,025.8 1,070.5 1,134.1 989.8 1,210.6 1,244.8 1,341.5 1,993.1 16.2 Caribbean 276.7 297.4 351.3 368.8 353.5 364.5 357.3 481.8 461.2 569.8 534.1 10.2 Eastern Europe 115.0 121.3 119.5 125.2 127.1 148.6 107.8 124.0 158.7 110.1 147.9 5.3 Middle East 149.5 152.3 168.0 177.6 231.0 302.3 353.7 373.0 377.2 404.4 431.5 4.9 North and Central America 2,383.1 2,660.6 2,982.3 3,900.5 4,201.3 4,570.3 5,224.4 6,979.1 7,078.6 6,192.9 6,890.9 4.4 Oceania 179.2 204.8 211.2 222.3 214.7 340.0 539.5 387.8 346.9 372.7 396.5 -6.3 South America 240.7 291.2 354.4 388.5 457.6 491.3 455.6 550.7 570.2 653.0 796.4 13.7 Western Europe 1,536.5 1,655.4 1,811.6 1,971.5 2,389.2 2,712.4 2,611.2 2,635.0 3,078.4 3,903.3 4,252.4 14.7 Total for All Countries 16/ 5,786.0 6,384.9 7,050.6 8,293.2 9,170.0 10,198.5 10,765.0 12,888.2 13,478.0 13,676.8 15,674.0 8.4 % North and Central America 41.2% 41.7% 42.3% 47.0% 45.8% 44.8% 48.5% 54.2% 52.5% 45.3% 44.0% as Percent of Total Western Europe 26.6% 25.9% 25.7% 23.8% 26.1% 26.6% 24.3% 20.4% 22.8% 28.5% 27.1% as Percent of Total Other Regions of the World 32.3% 32.4% 32.0% 29.2% 28.1% 28.6% 27.2% 25.4% 24.6% 26.2% 28.9% as Percent of Total See notes at the end of the tables. 31 Table 17 U. S. Billed Revenues for International Telephone Service 1/ By Region of the World (In Millions) U. S. Billed Revenues 199319941995 19961997199819992000 2001 2002 2003 Africa $323.7 $405.9 $524.5 $566.0 $607.5 $626.7 $645.4 $417.9 $413.1 $352.1 440.7 Antarctica and Maritime 122.1 86.5 38.8 30.6 39.2 27.7 12.7 5.1 8.3 4.7 5.2 Asia 2,540.9 2,791.9 3,346.5 3,478.4 3,863.0 3,387.5 3,102.7 3,203.1 2,643.0 2,347.0 1,631.6 Caribbean 753.6 873.3 1,058.4 1,063.9 1,024.9 1,081.8 984.3 796.6 604.2 600.2 551.4 Eastern Europe 345.7 439.3 496.8 551.0 600.6 497.1 592.7 503.9 424.3 299.6 352.6 Middle East 544.2 578.6 685.9 693.4 686.8 617.6 664.0 519.5 437.4 316.8 393.4 North and Central America 2,940.9 3,110.5 3,333.9 3,410.3 3,680.5 3,602.1 3,853.8 4,749.9 2,868.6 3,022.6 2,121.8 Oceania 284.0 304.1 340.9 361.4 315.2 321.5 359.5 369.6 307.1 252.7 236.5 South America 927.8 1,055.5 1,306.5 1,351.7 1,468.4 1,300.4 1,271.8 1,033.4 797.4 588.1 665.8 Western Europe 2,699.7 2,764.1 2,916.4 2,723.1 2,939.8 2,770.7 3,029.7 2,562.4 2,332.2 1,655.5 2,000.6 Total for All Countries 16/ 11,504.5 12,430.9 14,159.8 14,234.1 15,250.4 14,246.4 14,527.6 14,172.2 10,844.4 9,446.4 8,401.7 North and Central America 25.6% 25.0% 23.5% 24.0% 24.1% 25.3% 26.5% 33.5% 26.5% 32.0% 25.3% as Percent of Total Western Europe 23.5% 22.2% 20.6% 19.1% 19.3% 19.4% 20.9% 18.1% 21.5% 17.5% 23.8% as Percent of Total Other Regions of the World 51.0% 52.7% 55.9% 56.9% 56.6% 55.3% 52.6% 48.4% 52.0% 50.5% 50.9% as Percent of Total See notes at the end of the tables. Table 18 Average U. S. Billed Revenue per Minute for International Telephone Service By Region of the World Average Revenue per Minute 199319941995 19961997199819992000 2001 2002 2003 10 Year Decline Africa $1.38 $1.34 $1.29 $1.08 $1.01 $0.81 $0.71 $0.57 $0.40 $0.29 $0.21 -85 % Antarctica and Maritime 10.25 8.37 4.37 6.97 3.80 1.67 3.61 3.83 3.73 1.92 1.48 -86 Asia 1.45 1.25 1.17 0.92 0.82 0.71 0.64 0.55 0.38 0.31 0.22 -85 Caribbean 1.02 0.96 0.97 0.84 0.75 0.66 0.48 0.44 0.32 0.25 0.24 -77 Eastern Europe 1.40 1.30 1.21 1.02 1.02 0.70 0.55 0.51 0.32 0.22 0.17 -88 Middle East 1.36 1.22 1.23 1.06 1.08 0.91 0.71 0.64 0.47 0.33 0.25 -81 North and Central America 0.68 0.62 0.60 0.53 0.50 0.47 0.42 0.42 0.25 0.25 0.16 -77 Oceania 1.36 1.21 1.14 0.86 0.53 0.50 0.60 0.55 0.42 0.30 0.26 -81 South America 1.09 1.03 1.02 0.85 0.82 0.72 0.62 0.48 0.30 0.25 0.16 -85 Western Europe 0.99 0.92 0.86 0.67 0.58 0.50 0.45 0.44 0.36 0.23 0.23 -77 Total for All Countries 16/ 1.00 0.91 0.89 0.74 0.67 0.59 0.51 0.47 0.33 0.26 0.20 -80 % See notes at the end of the tables. Table 19 U. S. Billed Revenues for International Private Line Service 1/ By Region of the World (In Millions) Private Line Revenues 199319941995 19961997199819992000 2001 2002 2003 Africa $8.3 $4.4 $4.7 $6.9 $10.4 $14.6 $23.3 $41.3 $40.3 $35.3 9.038696 Antarctica and Maritime 0.2 0.9 0.2 6.6 6.0 8.7 11.7 12.6 17.9 19.8 8.639508 Asia 93.7 109.5 125.4 169.1 229.5 308.6 462.9 557.5 565.9 336.0 220.1695 Caribbean 10.6 9.8 14.4 24.6 27.7 26.5 35.0 48.4 48.2 40.5 36.55041 Eastern Europe 1.9 8.8 9.6 16.6 16.2 22.9 34.5 21.8 16.7 12.1 6.512249 Middle East 7.2 7.5 9.1 13.6 14.2 19.6 31.6 32.4 35.9 28.6 26.61094 North and Central America 62.7 83.1 96.9 101.9 114.3 117.3 178.8 238.4 208.6 144.0 113.3061 Oceania 23.3 29.9 33.2 38.3 53.4 61.2 104.7 123.9 102.0 66.8 48.12719 South America 22.3 28.7 34.1 50.0 63.4 96.9 120.6 177.6 162.6 137.2 52.72669 Western Europe 136.0 158.3 186.4 232.3 314.9 244.8 212.4 247.7 219.1 167.0 97.76609 Total for All Countries 16/ 366.1 440.9 514.2 660.7 850.9 921.5 1,215.9 1,501.9 1,417.4 988.1 620.5 See notes at the end of the tables. 32 Table 20 Selected Prepaid Calling Card Rates for 7- Minute Calls 25/ 33/ As of June 2005 Americatel AT& T IDT/ Uniontelecard MCI Radiant Sprint Lowest 26/ USPS Sams Super Simple Minute Costco Clear World 32/ of Cards 27/ Club Clean Asia Pass Card Connect 4Less Shown Card 28/ USA 30/ 30/ 31/ 31/ 27/ 28/ 29/ Australia $9.07 $1.88 $1.18 $0.27 $0.21 $1.40 $0.77 $0.30 $0.35 $1.40 $0.21 Brazil $3.06 $2.34 $1.47 $0.47 $0.63 $2.52 $1.40 $0.43 $0.35 $3.50 $0.35 Canada $9.07 $1.42 $0.89 $0.24 $0.13 $0.77 $0.49 $0.35 $0.21 $0.35 $0.13 China $3.33 $1.88 $1.18 $0.03 $0.13 $2.10 $1.40 $0.47 $0.21 $1.75 $0.03 Colombia $2.25 $2.81 $1.77 $0.61 $0.82 $2.45 $1.68 $0.45 $0.42 $2.31 $0.42 Dominican Republic $9.07 $2.81 $1.77 $0.59 $0.84 $1.89 $1.12 $0.82 $0.42 $1.12 $0.42 Egypt $9.07 $5.61 $3.53 $1.41 $1.85 $5.46 $2.73 $1.17 $1.40 $4.41 $1.17 El Salvador $3.05 $3.74 $2.35 $0.88 $1.20 $2.73 $1.89 $1.40 $0.63 $3.50 $0.63 France $9.07 $1.88 $1.18 $0.27 $0.18 $1.05 $0.84 $0.38 $0.21 $0.49 $0.18 Germany $9.07 $1.88 $1.18 $0.27 $0.19 $0.98 $0.84 $0.39 $0.21 $0.42 $0.19 Greece $9.07 $1.88 $1.18 $0.31 $0.26 $1.82 $1.05 $0.59 $0.42 $2.80 $0.26 Guatemala $3.67 $4.21 $2.65 $0.88 $1.40 $3.78 $2.24 $1.52 $0.70 $3.50 $0.70 Haiti $3.88 $7.01 $4.41 $1.59 $2.52 $5.81 $4.06 $1.67 $0.77 $4.76 $0.77 Hong Kong $9.07 $2.34 $1.47 $0.27 $0.13 $1.19 $0.70 $0.33 $0.28 $1.26 $0.13 India $9.07 $4.67 $2.94 $1.25 $1.95 $8.05 $4.55 $0.80 $0.98 $2.10 $0.80 Israel $9.07 $2.34 $1.47 $0.27 $0.38 $1.75 $1.75 $0.48 $0.21 $1.40 $0.21 Italy $9.07 $1.88 $1.18 $0.27 $0.19 $1.26 $0.91 $0.38 $0.21 $0.35 $0.19 Jamaica $8.02 $0.48 $0.30 $0.72 $0.57 $4.55 $2.52 $1.21 $0.56 $1.12 $0.30 Japan $9.07 $1.88 $1.18 $0.32 $0.16 $1.47 $0.84 $0.52 $0.35 $0.42 $0.16 Korea, Republic of $9.07 $2.81 $1.77 $0.27 $0.13 $1.61 $0.84 $0.47 $0.35 $2.10 $0.13 Mexico $3.26 $2.81 $1.77 $0.54 $0.96 $2.24 $1.33 $0.53 $0.56 $0.49 $0.49 Morocco $9.07 $7.47 $4.70 $1.76 $2.86 $7.70 $3.43 $2.50 $1.75 $3.50 $1.75 Netherlands $9.07 $2.34 $1.47 $0.27 $1.68 $0.98 $0.91 $0.34 $0.35 $1.40 $0.27 Nigeria $9.07 $3.28 $2.06 $0.64 $1.01 $7.84 $4.20 $0.86 $0.84 $5.60 $0.64 Pakistan $9.07 $6.55 $4.12 $1.59 $1.93 $7.70 $3.43 $1.40 $1.40 $5.25 $1.40 Peru $2.46 $2.34 $1.47 $0.44 $0.57 $3.50 $2.45 $1.13 $0.49 $3.50 $0.44 Philippines $9.07 $5.15 $3.24 $1.41 $1.58 $2.80 $1.75 $1.67 $0.56 $1.89 $0.56 Poland $9.07 $2.34 $1.47 $0.32 $0.26 $1.96 $1.12 $0.70 $0.21 $2.10 $0.21 Russia $9.07 $2.34 $1.47 $0.44 $0.57 $2.80 $1.82 $0.72 $0.35 $3.50 $0.35 Saudi Arabia $9.07 $4.67 $2.94 $1.28 $1.51 $5.60 $3.29 $1.05 $1.05 $4.90 $1.05 Sierra Leone $9.07 $5.61 $3.53 $1.76 $1.89 $8.40 $4.83 $1.40 $1.40 $5.60 $1.40 Singapore $9.07 $1.88 $1.18 $0.24 $0.95 $1.26 $0.63 $0.35 $0.35 $1.40 $0.24 South Africa $9.07 $7.47 $4.70 $0.58 $0.76 $4.20 $2.03 $0.82 $0.70 $3.50 $0.58 Spain $4.43 $6.55 $4.12 $0.24 $0.19 $1.12 $0.91 $0.41 $0.21 $1.40 $0.19 Switzerland $9.07 $6.55 $4.12 $0.24 $0.21 $1.12 $0.63 $0.35 $0.35 $1.05 $0.21 Taiwan $9.07 $6.55 $4.12 $0.27 $0.13 $1.54 $0.77 $0.46 $0.35 $1.75 $0.13 Thailand $9.07 $2.81 $1.77 $0.44 $0.32 $3.36 $2.03 $1.17 $0.56 $4.20 $0.32 Turkey $9.07 $3.74 $2.35 $0.88 $1.20 $4.13 $2.38 $1.40 $0.63 $3.50 $0.63 United Kingdom $9.07 $1.88 $1.18 $0.24 $0.13 $0.98 $0.77 $0.31 $0.14 $0.35 $0.13 Vietnam $9.07 $8.41 $5.29 $1.76 $2.52 $13.86 $7.70 $3.90 $3.36 $6.23 $1.76 Weighted Average Price per Minute for Rates Shown $1.02 $0.42 $0.26 $0.08 $0.10 $0.34 $0.21 $0.10 $0.06 $0.22 $0.05 See notes at the end of the tables. 33 Table 21 Private Line Revenue per 64 Kbps Equivalent Circuit 34/ For Canada & Mexico, Europe, Asia and Other Points Canada & Mexico Western Europe AsiaOther World Points Total All Point s Equivalent Revenue Equivalent Revenue Equivalent Revenue Equivalent Revenue Equivalent Revenue 64 Kbps Per 64 Kbps Per 64 Kbps Per 64 Kbps Per 64 Kbps Per Circuits Circuit Circuits Circuit Circuits Circuit Circuits Circuit Circuits Circuit 1996 62,557 $1,725 29,957 $9,833 14,751 $15,775 11,442 $18,311 118,707 $6,883 1997 73,140 $1,489 46,795 $8,206 27,130 $10,961 16,178 $14,877 163,243 $6,036 1998 104,380 $1,145 57,725 $4,680 57,128 $7,319 25,694 $13,207 244,927 $4,562 1999 124,042 $1,352 53,557 $3,674 101,608 $5,788 54,275 $9,576 333,482 $4,153 2000 305,940 $915 138,054 $2,582 167,728 $3,970 75,519 $7,703 687,241 $2,897 2001 315,808 $569 307,016 $985 468,956 $1,778 92,042 $5,438 1,183,822 $1,515 2002 251,117 $440 653,948 $347 923,794 $482 84,587 $4,081 1,913,446 $638 2003 214,922 $411 582,282 $158 923,669 $238 119,588 $2,024 1,840,461 $331 See notes at the end of the tables. 34 Table 22 Accounting Rates for Peak- Period International Telephone Service Calls For Selected International Points 18/ 19/ 199319941995 19961997199819992000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Australia 0.55 SDR 0.4 SDR 0.4 SDR 0.308 SDR Brazil $1.40 $1.27 $1.14 $1.03 $0.85 $0.65 $0.60 $0.38 Canada $0.28 China 6.5 GF 6.0 GF 5.5 GF 4.5 GF 3.8 GF 3.1 GF 0.74 SDR 0.56 SDR $0.40 $0.36 $0.36 Colombia $1.50 $1.40 $1.30 $1.25 $1.00 $0.80 $0.65 $0.55 $0.38 Dominican Republic $1.29 $1.30 $1.10 $0.90 $0.70 $0.60 $0.38 $0.38 Egypt $1.60 $1.50 $1.40 $1.40 $1.30 $1.30 $1.10 $0.70 El Salvador $1.25 $1.20 $1.20 $1.10 $0.88 $0.77 $0.60 $0.48 $0.38 France 0.7 SDR 0.42 SDR 0.36 SDR 0.24 SDR 0.19 SDR Germany 0.6 SDR 0.34 SDR 0.26 SDR 0.16 SDR 0.15 SDR Greece 1.12 SDR .95 SDR .85 SDR 0.7 SDR 0.63 SDR 0.4 SDR 0.22 SDR Guatemala $1.30 $1.20 $1.18 $1.00 $0.90 $0.77 $0.64 $0.51 Haiti $1.30 $1.25 $1.20 $1.20 $1.20 $1.20 $1.00 $0.92 $0.70 $0.60 $0.46 Hong Kong $1.20 $1.00 $1.00 .65 SDR .58 SDR .52 SDR India $1.90 $1.80 $1.80 $1.60 $1.42 $1.28 $1.08 $0.85 $0.68 $0.46 $0.46 Israel $2.16 $2.16 $1.90 $1.18 $0.70 $0.59 Italy 1.1 SDR 0.82 SDR 0.48 SDR 0.36 SDR 0.24 SDR Jamaica $1.50 $1.40 $1.40 $1.30 $1.25 $1.25 $1.05 $0.60 Japan 0.75 SDR 0.63 SDR 0.63 SDR 0.63 SDR 0.63 SDR Korea, Rep. $1.44 0.95 SDR 0.85 SDR 0.85 SDR 0.72 SDR $0.85 $0.71 $0.51 Mexico 20/ $0.68 $0.58 $0.53 $0.485 $0.395 $0.37 $0.19 $0.19 $0.19 $0.19 $0.19 Morocco 2.2 SDR 2.2 SDR 1.2 SDR 1.0 SDR 0.8 SDR 0.6 SDR 0.6 SDR 0.6 SDR 0.3 SDR Netherlands 0.5 SDR 0.4 SDR 0.25 SDR 0.25 SDR 0.2 SDR Nigeria $1.50 $1.50 $1.50 $1.50 $1.50 $1.40 $1.15 0.6 SDR 0.4 SDR Pakistan $2.30 $2.30 $2.30 $2.20 $2.00 $1.20 $1.20 $0.84 $0.54 $0.42 $0.42 Peru $1.40 $1.30 $1.30 $1.23 $1.00 $0.85 $0.66 $0.50 $0.38 Philippines $1.68 $1.34 $1.23 $1.00 $1.00 $0.72 $0.57 Poland $1.25 $1.20 $1.15 $0.95 $0.70 $0.55 $0.38 Russia $2.60 $2.60 $2.60 $2.60 $2.60 $2.60 $2.60 $2.60 $2.60 $2.60 $2.60 Saudia Arabia $2.20 $2.20 $2.20 $2.20 1.5 SDR 1.25 SDR 1.0 SDR $0.28 $0.28 $0.28 $0.28 Sierra Leone $1.50 $1.50 $1.50 $1.50 $1.50 $1.50 $1.50 0.6 SDR 0.6 SDR $0.56 $0.56 $0.56 Singapore 0.62 SDR 0.62 SDR 0.62 SDR 0.62 SDR 0.62 SDR 0.38 SDR South Africa $1.50 $1.20 $1.20 $1.00 $1.00 $0.80 $0.70 $0.60 Spain 1.3 SDR 1.2 SDR 1.0 SDR .44 SDR .35 SDR 0.2 SDR Switzerland .61 SDR 0.61 SDR 0.35 SDR 0.35 SDR 0.25 SDR Taiwan $1.20 $1.20 $1.20 $1.20 $1.14 $0.45 $0.30 $0.30 $0.30 Thailand $1.60 $1.60 $1.55 $1.50 $1.20 $0.90 $0.60 $0.48 Turkey 1.2 SDR 1.2 SDR 1.1 SDR 0.8 SDR 0.6 SDR .55 SDR .48 SDR 0.32 SDR $0.38 United Kingdom 0.44 SDR Vietnam $2.30 $2.30 $2.30 $2.30 $2.30 $2.30 1.15 SDR 1.0 SDR 0.9 SDR See notes at the end of the tables. 35 Table 23 Dollar Equivalent Accounting Rates for Peak- Period International Telephone Service Calls For Selected International Points 18/ 19/ 199319941995 19961997199819992000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Australia $0.76 $0.59 $0.59 $0.45 Brazil 1.40 1.27 1.14 1.03 $0.85 $0.65 $0.60 $0.38 Canada 0.28 China 2.93 2.91 2.67 2.13 1.69 1.40 1.01 0.72 $0.40 $0.36 $0.36 Colombia 1.50 1.40 1.30 1.25 1.00 0.80 0.65 0.55 0.38 Dominican Republic 1.29 1.30 1.10 0.90 0.70 0.60 0.38 0.38 Egypt 1.60 1.50 1.40 1.40 1.30 1.30 1.10 0.70 El Salvador 1.25 1.20 1.20 1.10 0.88 0.77 0.60 0.48 0.38 France 0.97 0.62 0.54 0.35 0.26 Germany 0.83 0.51 0.39 0.23 0.20 Greece 1.55 1.41 1.26 1.01 0.86 0.55 0.30 Guatemala 1.30 1.20 1.18 1.00 0.90 0.77 0.64 0.51 Haiti 1.30 1.25 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.00 0.92 0.70 0.60 0.46 Hong Kong 1.20 1.00 1.00 0.94 0.79 0.72 India 1.90 1.80 1.80 1.60 1.42 1.28 1.08 0.85 0.68 0.46 0.46 Israel 2.16 2.16 1.90 1.18 0.70 0.59 Italy 1.51 1.22 0.71 0.52 0.33 Jamaica 1.50 1.40 1.40 1.30 1.25 1.25 1.05 0.60 Japan 1.04 0.94 0.94 0.91 0.86 Korea, Rep. 1.44 1.41 1.26 1.23 0.98 0.85 0.71 0.51 Mexico 20/ 0.68 0.58 0.53 0.485 0.395 0.37 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 Morocco 3.04 3.27 1.78 1.45 1.09 0.83 0.82 0.77 0.38 Netherlands 0.69 0.59 0.37 0.36 0.27 Nigeria 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.40 1.15 0.77 0.51 Pakistan 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.20 2.00 1.20 1.20 0.84 0.54 0.42 0.42 Peru 1.40 1.30 1.30 1.23 1.00 0.85 0.66 0.50 0.38 Philippines 1.68 1.34 1.23 1.00 1.00 0.72 0.57 Poland 1.25 1.20 1.15 0.95 0.70 0.55 0.38 Russia 2.60 2.60 2.60 2.60 2.60 2.60 2.60 2.60 2.60 2.60 2.60 Saudia Arabia 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.03 1.73 1.37 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 Sierra Leone 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 0.77 0.76 0.56 0.56 0.56 Singapore 0.86 0.92 0.92 0.90 0.85 0.52 South Africa 1.50 1.20 1.20 1.00 1.00 0.80 0.70 0.60 Spain 1.80 1.78 1.44 0.64 0.48 0.26 Switzerland 0.84 0.91 0.52 0.51 0.34 Taiwan 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.14 0.45 0.30 0.30 0.30 Thailand 1.60 1.60 1.55 1.50 1.20 0.90 0.60 0.48 Turkey 1.66 1.78 1.63 1.16 0.82 0.76 0.66 0.41 0.38 United Kingdom 0.61 Vietnam 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.30 1.58 1.27 1.28 Fisher Ideal Rate Index 17/ 60.5 52.0 48.3 43.2 38.2 n. m. n. m. n. m. n. m. n. m. n. m. n. m. % changes from Prior Rate -7.6% -14.1% -7.2% -10.5% -11.7% Index without Mexico 58.2 50.0 46.4 41.2 36.7 n. m. n. m. n. m. n. m. n. m. n. m. n. m. % changes from Prior Rate -8.2% -14.1% -7.3% -11.2% -10.8% See notes at the end of the tables. 36 Table 24 Revenues for Facilities- Based and Facilities- Resale International Message Telephone Service For Selected Carriers 1/ (In Millions) 199319941995 19961997199819992000 2001 2002 2003 ABS- CBN Telecom North America, Inc. * $ 6 $ 9 $ 5 * $ 3 ACC Global Corp. $1 $2 $1 Alascom, Inc. $15 $16 10 American Samoa Telecomm. Authority 3 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2$ 2$ 2 Andrew Telecom, Inc. 1 1 AT& T Corp. 7,482 7,984 8,425 8,559 8,351 7,533 6,755 5,444 5,790 5,477 4,298 BellSouth Corporation 8 18 Cable & Wireless, Inc. 7 12 14 10 66 70 1 Communication TeleSys. Int'l./ WorldxChange 6 17 123 159 25 DirectNet Telecommunications 1 3 7 10 Esprit Telecom (U. K.), Ltd. 1 7 fONOROLA Corporation 10 19 20 20 31 Golden Pages (Jersey) Ltd. 21 GTE Corporation 26 25 28 27 26 55 51 Harris Corporation 64 * * 2 2 1 * * * * 1 IDT Corporation *3 23 21 119 129 327 International Telecommunications Corp. 11 IT& E Overseas, Inc. 38 37 39 40 32 26 19 15 10 8 7 Japan Telecom America, Inc. 1 3 2 KDD America, Inc. 1 2 11 10 10 9 KPN- INS, Inc. 16 12 30 15 16 LC Communications - Int'l. Telecom Inc 3 4 Masatepe Communications, U. S. A., L. L. C. 1 1 MCC Communications, Inc. MCI, Inc. 21/ 2,779 2,952 3,968 3,550 4,243 4,298 5,056 6,818 2,876 2,116 1,766 MFS International 1 Micronesian Telecommunications Corp. 16 15 16 17 15 New Global Telecom, Inc. 34 Pacific Gateway Exchange, Inc. 3 12 34 173 148 60 PCI Communications, Inc. 6 Primus Telecommunications, Inc. 10 27 241 204 134 129 147 RSL Communications, Ltd. 21 26 54 107 80 SBC Telecommunications, Inc. 2 7 Sprint 1,048 1,229 1,289 1,493 1,478 1,421 1,379 1,188 1,386 1,185 1,479 Star Telecommunications, Inc. 59 132 140 Startec Global Communications Corp. 2 3 4 7 6 87591601411 St. Thomas & San Juan Telephone Co. Inc. 9 2 Telecom New Zealand Limited 2 43 Telefonica Larga Distancia, Inc. 11 18 26 19 16 20 19 13 8 6 5 Teleglobe USA Inc. 3 Telstra Incorporated * 20 TerraLink Communications, Ltd. 2 TresCom International, Inc. 1 4 10 14 TRICOM USA, Inc. 7 13 31 53 65 76 n. a. TRT/ FTC Communications, Inc. U. S. Long Distance, Inc. 1 Verizon Communications, Inc . 55 71 141 n. a. Viatel, Inc. 1 6 32 63 212 Western Union International World Access (Facilicom Int'l.) 4 75 167 276 33 World Communications, Inc. WorldCom, Inc. d/ b/ a LDDS WorldCom 1 124 291 364 500 Total for Carriers Not Shown Above * 1 2 3 2 3 6210137331 Total for All Carriers $11,505 $12,431 $14,160 $14,234 $15,250 $14,246 $14,528 $14,172 $10,844 $9,446 $8,402 HHI Index 22/ 4,897 4,789 4,413 4,354 3,880 3,811 3,474 3,864 3,723 4,028 3,392 See notes at the end of the tables. 37 Table 25 Shares of Facilities- Based and Facilities- Resale International Message Telephone Service Revenues For Selected Carriers 1/ 199319941995 19961997199819992000 2001 2002 2003 ABS- CBN Telecom North America, Inc. 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% ACC Global Corp. 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Alascom, Inc. 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% American Samoa Telecomm. Authority 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Andrew Telecom, Inc. 0.0% 0.0% AT& T Corp. 65.0% 64.2% 59.5% 60.1% 54.8% 52.9% 46.5% 38.4% 53.4% 58.0% 51.2% Cable & Wireless, Inc. 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.5% 0.6% 0.0% Communication TeleSys. Int'l./ WorldxChange 0.0% 0.1% 0.8% 1.1% 0.2% DirectNet Telecommunications 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% Esprit Telecom (U. K.), Ltd. 0.0% 0.1% fONOROLA Corporation 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% Golden Pages (Jersey) Ltd. 0.1% GTE Corporation 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% Harris Corporation 0.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% IDT Corporation 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.1% 1.1% 1.4% 3.9% IT& E Overseas, Inc. 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% Japan Telecom America, Inc. 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% KDD America, Inc. 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% Masatepe Communications, U. S. A., L. L. C. 0.0% 0.0% MCC Communications, Inc. MCI, Inc. 21/ 24.2% 23.8% 28.0% 24.9% 27.8% 30.2% 34.8% 48.1% 26.5% 22.4% 21.0% MFS International 0.0% Micronesian Telecommunications Corp. 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% New Global Telecom, Inc. 0.2% Pacific Gateway Exchange, Inc. 0.0% 0.1% 0.2% 1.1% 1.0% 0.4% PCI Communications, Inc. 0.0% Primus Telecommunications, Inc. 0.1% 0.2% 1.7% 1.4% 1.2% 1.4% 1.8% RSL Communications, Ltd. 0.1% 0.2% 0.4% 0.7% 0.6% SBC Telecommunications, Inc. 0.0% 0.1% Sprint 9.1% 9.9% 9.1% 10.5% 9.7% 10.0% 9.5% 8.4% 12.8% 12.5% 17.6% Star Telecommunications, Inc. 0.4% 0.9% 1.0% Startec Global Communications Corp. 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.5% 0.6% 0.5% 0.1% 0.1% St. Thomas & San Juan Telephone Co. Inc. 0.1% 0.0% Telecom New Zealand Limited 0.0% 0.3% Telefonica Larga Distancia, Inc. 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% Teleglobe USA Inc. 0.0% Telstra Incorporated 0.0% 0.1% TerraLink Communications, Ltd. 0.0% TresCom International, Inc. 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% TRICOM USA, Inc. 0.0% 0.1% 0.2% 0.4% 0.6% 0.8% n. a. TRT/ FTC Communications, Inc. U. S. Long Distance, Inc. 0.0% Verizon Communications, Inc . 0.4% 0.7% 1.5% n. a. Viatel, Inc. 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.4% 1.5% Western Union International World Access (Facilicom Int'l.) 0.0% 0.5% 1.2% 1.9% 0.2% World Communications, Inc. WorldCom, Inc. d/ b/ a LDDS WorldCom 0.0% 1.0% 2.1% 2.6% 3.3% 38 Table 26 Shares of International Message Telephone Service Including Pure Resale and End- User Revenues For Selected Carriers 1/ (In Millions) 199319941995 19961997199819992000 2001 2002 2003 Facilities- Based and Facilities- Resale Service Billed Revenues AT& T $7,482 $7,985 $8,425 $8,559 $8,351 $7,533 $6,755 $5,444 $5,790 $5,477 $4,298 MCI, Inc. 21/ 2,779 2,952 3,968 3,550 4,243 4,298 5,056 6,818 2,876 2,116 1,766 Sprint 1,048 1,229 1,289 1,493 1,478 1,421 1,379 1,188 1,386 1,185 1,479 WorldCom 64 124 291 364 500 -- -- -- -- -- -- All Other 132 141 187 268 678 994 1,337 721 793 668 859 Total All Carriers 11,505 12,431 14,160 14,234 15,250 14,246 14,528 14,172 10,844 9,446 8,402 Shares of Billed Revenues AT& T 65.0% 64.2% 59.5% 60.1% 54.8% 52.9% 46.5% 38.4% 53.4% 58.0% 51.2% MCI, Inc. 21/ 24.2% 23.7% 28.0% 24.9% 27.8% 30.2% 34.8% 48.1% 26.5% 22.4% 21.0% Sprint 9.1% 9.9% 9.1% 10.5% 9.7% 10.0% 9.5% 8.4% 12.8% 12.5% 17.6% WorldCom 0.6% 1.0% 2.1% 2.6% 3.3% -- -- -- -- -- -- All Other 1.1% 1.1% 1.3% 1.9% 4.4% 7.0% 9.2% 5.1% 7.3% 7.1% 10.2% HHI Index 22/ 4,897 4,789 4,413 4,354 3,880 3,811 3,474 3,864 3,723 4,028 3,392 Pure Resale Service Billed Revenues AT& T $0 $0 $0 $0 $43 $206 $254 $2,484 $1,283 $764 $466 MCI, Inc. 21/ 34 56 52 42 39 683 618 429 225 282 285 Sprint 28 57 68 87 95 89 244 187 175 184 169 WorldCom 50 214 188 411 301 -- -- -- -- -- -- All Other 479 793 1,446 3,096 3,633 3,820 3,412 4,266 3,658 3,871 4,831 Total All Carriers 591 1,120 1,754 3,636 4,111 4,798 4,528 7,366 5,341 5,100 5,750 Shares of Billed Revenues AT& T 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.0% 4.3% 5.6% 33.7% 24.0% 15.0% 8.1% MCI, Inc. 21/ 5.8% 5.0% 3.0% 1.2% 0.9% 14.2% 13.7% 5.8% 4.2% 5.5% 5.0% Sprint 4.8% 5.1% 3.9% 2.4% 2.3% 1.9% 5.4% 2.5% 3.3% 3.6% 2.9% WorldCom 8.5% 19.1% 10.7% 11.3% 7.3% -- -- -- -- -- -- All Other 81.0% 70.8% 82.4% 85.1% 88.4% 79.6% 75.4% 57.9% 68.5% 75.9% 84.0% All International Telephone Service Billed Revenues AT& T $7,482 $7,985 $8,425 $8,559 $8,394 $7,739 $7,009 $7,929 $7,073 $6,241 $4,764 MCI, Inc. 21/ 2,813 3,008 4,020 3,592 4,282 4,981 5,675 7,247 3,101 2,397 2,051 Sprint 1,076 1,285 1,357 1,580 1,573 1,510 1,623 1,376 1,561 1,369 1,647 WorldCom 114 338 479 775 801 -- -- -- -- -- -- All Other 610 934 1,633 3,364 4,311 4,814 4,749 4,987 4,451 4,540 5,690 Total All Carriers 12,096 13,551 15,914 17,870 19,361 19,044 19,055 21,538 16,186 14,547 14,152 Shares of Billed Revenues AT& T 61.9% 58.9% 52.9% 47.9% 43.4% 40.6% 36.8% 36.8% 43.7% 42.9% 33.7% MCI, Inc. 21/ 23.3% 22.2% 25.3% 20.1% 22.1% 26.2% 29.8% 33.6% 19.2% 16.5% 14.5% Sprint 8.9% 9.5% 8.5% 8.8% 8.1% 7.9% 8.5% 6.4% 9.6% 9.4% 11.6% WorldCom 0.9% 2.5% 3.0% 4.3% 4.1% -- -- -- -- -- -- All Other 5.0% 6.9% 10.3% 18.8% 22.3% 25.3% 24.9% 23.2% 27.5% 31.2% 40.2% Lower Bound HHI Index 22/ 23/ 4,447 4,061 3,523 2,795 2,452 2,398 2,312 2,528 2,370 2,201 1,479 Upper Bound HHI Index 22/ 23/ 4,456 4,077 3,558 2,913 2,617 2,611 2,519 2,707 2,622 2,525 2,017 End- User International Telephone Service 4/ Largest Carriers Shown Above $11,259 $12,076 $13,519 $12,916 $13,506 $12,319 $12,606 $12,415 $9,153 $7,687 $6,132 Other Carriers 305 467 816 1,682 2,156 2,407 2,374 2,494 2,225 2,270 2,845 Total All Carriers 11,564 12,543 14,335 14,598 15,661 14,726 14,980 14,909 11,379 9,956 8,977 Revenue per Minute U. S. Billed Minutes 11,513 13,616 15,889 19,325 22,753 24,250 28,515 30,135 33,287 35,988 42,664 Underlying Carrier Revenue per Minute $1.00 $0.91 $0.89 $0.74 $0.67 $0.59 $0.51 $0.47 $0.33 $0.26 $0.20 End- User Revenue per Minute $1.00 $0.92 $0.90 $0.76 $0.69 $0.61 $0.53 $0.49 $0.34 $0.28 $0.21 See notes at the end of the tables. 39 Table 27 Revenue per Minute Data for Selected Carriers 1/ (Revenues and Minutes in Millions) Annual U. S. Billed Revenues 199319941995 19961997199819992000 2001 2002 2003 Growth and Minutes Rates 1998 to 2003 7/ AT& T U. S. Billed Minutes 7,201 8,040 8,831 9,546 10,331 10,452 10,900 9,787 11,975 12,787 13,681 6.0% U. S. Billed Revenues $7,482 $7,984 $8,425 $8,559 $8,351 $7,533 $6,755 $5,444 $5,790 $5,477 $4,298 Revenue per Billed Minute $1.04 $0.99 $0.95 $0.90 $0.81 $0.72 $0.62 $0.56 $0.48 $0.43 $0.31 Originating + Terminating Minutes 10,938 11,807 12,778 13,563 14,529 15,113 15,944 14,548 16,200 17,888 19,902 5.4% Retained Revenues 24/ $4,979 $5,229 $5,634 $5,705 $5,786 $5,332 $4,921 $4,127 $4,597 $4,517 $3,475 Retained Revenue per Minute $0.46 $0.44 $0.44 $0.42 $0.40 $0.35 $0.31 $0.28 $0.28 $0.25 $0.17 MCI, Inc.* U. S. Billed Minutes 2,857 3,529 4,486 5,372 5,913 7,195 8,306 12,412 11,455 12,260 13,524 12.9% U. S. Billed Revenues 21/ $2,779 $2,952 $3,968 $3,550 $4,243 $4,298 $5,056 $6,818 $2,876 $2,116 $1,766 Revenue per Billed Minute $0.97 $0.84 $0.88 $0.66 $0.72 $0.60 $0.61 $0.55 $0.25 $0.17 $0.13 Originating + Terminating Minutes 4,175 5,206 6,350 7,496 8,216 10,257 11,396 17,904 17,172 17,647 18,858 13.1% Retained Revenues 24/ $1,789 $1,790 $2,402 $1,772 $2,634 $2,745 $3,489 $4,900 $1,655 $1,103 $799 Retained Revenue per Minute $0.43 $0.34 $0.38 $0.24 $0.32 $0.27 $0.31 $0.27 $0.10 $0.06 $0.04 Sprint U. S. Billed Minutes 1,181 1,490 1,772 2,745 2,794 2,916 3,640 3,945 5,447 4,774 6,459 15.7% U. S. Billed Revenues $1,048 $1,229 $1,289 $1,493 $1,478 $1,421 $1,379 $1,188 $1,386 $1,185 $1,479 Revenue per Billed Minute $0.89 $0.82 $0.73 $0.54 $0.53 $0.49 $0.38 $0.30 $0.25 $0.25 $0.23 Originating + Terminating Minutes 1,730 2,140 2,480 4,060 4,505 4,795 5,507 5,957 7,977 7,389 9,573 14.1% Retained Revenues 24/ $706 $742 $741 $672 $822 $922 $825 $781 $773 $500 $894 Retained Revenue per Minute $0.41 $0.35 $0.30 $0.17 $0.18 $0.19 $0.15 $0.13 $0.10 $0.07 $0.09 All Other Carriers U. S. Billed Minutes 274 556 800 1,662 3,715 3,687 5,670 3,990 4,410 6,167 9,001 14.7% U. S. Billed Revenues $195 $265 $478 $632 $1,177 $994 $1,337 $721 $793 $668 $859 Revenue per Billed Minute $0.71 $0.48 $0.60 $0.38 $0.32 $0.27 $0.24 $0.18 $0.18 $0.11 $0.10 Originating + Terminating Minutes 457 847 1,333 2,500 4,673 4,283 6,434 4,615 5,416 6,741 10,005 13.9% Retained Revenues 24/ $136 $161 $166 $284 $430 $383 $486 $276 $413 $191 $254 Retained Revenue per Minute $0.30 $0.19 $0.12 $0.11 $0.09 $0.09 $0.08 $0.06 $0.08 $0.03 $0.03 Total All Carriers U. S. Billed Minutes 11,513 13,615 15,889 19,325 22,753 24,250 28,515 30,135 33,287 35,988 42,664 10.9% U. S. Billed Revenues $11,505 $12,431 $14,160 $14,234 $15,250 $14,246 $14,528 $14,172 $10,844 $9,446 $8,402 Revenue per Billed Minute $1.00 $0.91 $0.89 $0.74 $0.67 $0.59 $0.51 $0.47 $0.33 $0.26 $0.20 Originating + Terminating Minutes 17,299 20,000 22,939 27,618 31,923 34,448 39,280 43,023 46,765 49,665 58,338 10.3% Retained Revenues 24/ $7,609 $7,923 $8,944 $8,433 $9,672 $9,383 $9,721 $10,084 $7,437 $6,312 $5,422 Retained Revenue per Minute $0.44 $0.40 $0.39 $0.31 $0.30 $0.27 $0.25 $0.23 $0.16 $0.13 $0.09 Change in Share 1998 to 2003 Shares of U. S. Billed Minutes AT& T 62.5% 59.1% 55.6% 49.4% 45.4% 43.1% 38.2% 32.5% 36.0% 35.5% 32.1% -11.0% MCI, Inc.* 24.8% 25.9% 28.2% 27.8% 26.0% 29.7% 29.1% 41.2% 34.4% 34.1% 31.7% 2.0% Sprint 10.3% 10.9% 11.2% 14.2% 12.3% 12.0% 12.8% 13.1% 16.4% 13.3% 15.1% 3.1% All Other Carriers 2.4% 4.1% 5.0% 8.6% 16.3% 15.2% 19.9% 13.2% 13.2% 17.1% 21.1% 5.9% Lower Bound HHI Index 22/ 23/ 4,633 4,279 4,011 3,415 2,888 2,883 2,473 2,923 2,746 2,599 2,262 Upper Bound HHI Index 22/ 23/ 4,635 4,284 4,019 3,439 2,977 2,960 2,604 2,981 2,805 2,697 2,411 Shares of Foreign Billed Minutes AT& T 64.6% 59.0% 56.0% 48.4% 45.8% 45.7% 46.8% 36.9% 31.3% 37.3% 39.7% -6.0% MCI, Inc.* 22.8% 26.3% 26.4% 25.6% 25.1% 30.0% 28.7% 42.6% 42.4% 39.4% 34.0% 4.0% Sprint 9.5% 10.2% 10.0% 15.9% 18.7% 18.4% 17.3% 15.6% 18.8% 19.1% 19.9% 1.4% All Other Carriers 3.1% 4.6% 7.6% 10.1% 10.4% 5.8% 7.1% 4.8% 7.5% 4.2% 6.4% 0.6% * MCI for years 1993- 1997. MCI WorldCom, Inc. for years 1998- 2003. In 2004, WorldCom emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy as M CI, Inc. 40 Appendix A: Notes to Tables Note: Some previously published data have been revised. Detail may not add to totals shown due to rounding. "n. a." signifies data not available. "n. o." signifies service not offered. "*" sign ifies an amount greater than 0 but less than a half million. “n. m.” signifies not meaningful. 1) Data for 1990 are reported in the Statistics of Communications Common Carriers (SOCC, which is published by the Industry Analysis and Technology Division of the Wireline Competition Bureau) with the following adjustm ent: telephone traffic for Canada and Mexico have been added. The telephone data for 1990 originated in FCC Form M filings and represent traffic between domestic United States and offshore points. Starting in 1990, the SOCC includes calls between international points and Alaska and Hawaii. The record data for those years (telegraph, telex, and record private line) are based on FCC Form O/ R filings. Starting in 1991, data have been taken from the latest version of International Telecommunications Data reports and represent traffic between all U. S. points and all international points, and include a small amount of traffic between domestic U. S. points and offshore U. S. points. Data exclude pure resale traffic unless otherwise noted. Appendix A summarizes changes in data reported over time. 2) The data for total toll revenues for 1950 through 1980 have been taken from Table 4.3 of the SOCC , and represent message telephone, WATS, subscriber- toll free, private line, and other toll service revenues (accounts 510 through 516) reported in the discontinued annual FCC Form M filings. Starting with 1981, the total toll figures are from the Trends in Telephone Service (which is published by the Industry Analysis and Technology Division of the Wireline Competition Bureau), and include toll revenues of all local and interexchange carriers. Note that total toll revenues include revenues from end users as well as revenues from other carriers. Total end- user toll revenues also are taken from Trends in Telephone Service . 3) International Simple Resale (ISR) traffic differs from facilities- based traffic in that the former is carried over leased private lines and the latter is carried over owned circuits . Pure resale traffic is handled by reselling the sw itched services of another carrier. Pure resale data through 1990 appear to include revenues for a few very small facilities- based carriers. Starting with 1991, the amounts shown are primarily for pure resale international telephone service, but include very small amounts of other pure resale switched international services. Breakouts are available in the annual International Telecommunications Data reports. ISR/ H ubbed traffic is switched traffic that is routed and settled by the U. S. carrier outside of the traditional settlement process and that may be carried over private A- 1 41 10) U. S. traffic generally exceeds foreign traffic. Since settlement payments are based on traffic, there is usually a net settlement payment by U. S. carriers, shown as a negative amount in the table. Net revenues are the retained revenues from U. S. billed calls plus the settlement amounts from foreign billed calls. Cases in which U. S. carriers report both settlement receipts and settlement payments for transiting calls are where the operating agreements have cascade billing arrangements. In a cascade billing arrangement, the U. S. carrier collects from the originating foreign carrier both the transit fee and the settlement amount that the originating foreign carrier will owe to the terminating foreign carrier. The U. S. carrier then makes the settlement payment to the terminating foreign carrier. 11) Estimated minutes of traffic for selected foreign carriers and for the total world were obtained from the TeleGeography research division of PriMetrica, Inc. (www. telegeography. com ). Several companies have changed over time due to name changes and mergers. Through 1997, MCI data are shown for MCI WorldCom. Cable & Wireless, prior to 1997, is Mercury, and then C& W Communications until 2000. PCCW Hong Kong Telecom, prior to 1998, was HongKong Telecom, and then C& W Hong Kong until 2000. China Telecom is China MPT prior to 1997. Through 1991, Deutsche Telecom is DBP Telecom. Stentor became part of Bell Canada in 1998. Some previous data have been revised. 12) The TeleGeography report does not provide estimates for China Telecom and Deutsche Telekom for 2001. The amounts shown are the average of the 2000 and 2002 estimates. 13) Source: 2003 Year- End Circuit Status Report , International Bureau, December 23, 2004. See Table 7 therein for conversion ratios used to calculate the number of 64 kbps circuits for high- speed digital systems. Data include revisions for previous years. 14) Data are shown for circuits as planned and represent the capacity planned for the day the cable goes into service. On some older systems, some capacity was not available for technical reasons and some was held in reserve for backup purposes. On some newer systems, capacity can be increased greatly with relatively small incremental investments. For example, the AC- 1 system has been upgraded to increase its capacity from 241,920 circuits to 1,693,440 circuits. 15) Data for previous years have been revised to incorporate revisions received from carriers. Latest data are from the International Bureau 2003 Y ear- End Circuit Status Data Report . Data reflect 4 khz or 64 kbp s equivalent circuits. Data shown in Tables 11 through 13 are for activated circuits and do not include idle circuits. The Circuit Status reports contain data for both activated and idle circuits. A- 3 43 16) Totals and averages for all countries include traffic billed in off- shore U. S. points. The region totals do not. 17) A Fisher ideal price index is a geometric mean of a Laspeyres price index and a Paasche price index for a good or service. A Laspeyres price index is the ratio of the cost of a market basket of goods and services from period 0 at the prices in period 1 to the cost of the identical market basket at the prices in period 0. A Paasche price index is the ratio of the cost of a market basket of goods and services from period 1 at the prices in period 1 to the cost of the identical market basket at the prices in period 0. 18) The accounting rates shown are for rates available to all carriers for traffic carried during the peak period. The peak period is defined in the accounting rate agreement, and varies by country. In addition to varying by time of day, some accounting rate agreements vary by volume of traffic. See annual International Telecommunications Data reports for detailed descriptions of different traffic arrangements. Accounting rates typically are denominated in dollars, gold francs (G. F.), or Standard Drawing Rights (S. D. R.). Once the FCC determines that U. S. carriers can terminate at least 50% of U. S. -billed traffic to a country at least 25% below the benchmark settlement rate for the country, the FCC grants relief from the international settlements policy. This permits each U. S. carrier to negotiate its own settlement rates. These negotiated settlement rates are not public and therefore are not available for publication. 19) Where more than one foreign carrier connects with U. S. carriers, the table shows rates for the first carrier providing service. These include Korea Telecom in Korea, Kokusai Denshin Denwa in Japan, PLDT in the Philippines, CODETEL in the Dominican Republic, and British Telecom in the United Kingdom. 20) Accounting rates do not exist for service between Mexico and the United States. Instead, settlements are based on the distance between the border and the destination point in Mexico. The table shows an average settlement rate per minute, which is calculated as an average of all the per minute settlement rates for service between the United States and Mexico. The settlement rate varies by service classification and the originating or terminating locations. 21) MCI, Inc. facilities- based telephone service revenues for 2000 appear to be seriously overstated. The company has not been able to file corrected data. 22) The Herschfeld- Herfendahl Index (HHI) value for the market is based on the market shares for each entrant. 23) A lower bound HHI estimate is calculated using the share for the largest entrants only. An upper bound HHI estimate is calculated by imputing the shares of all other carriers to three equal- sized firm s. A- 4 44 24) Retained revenues are shown for service that originates or terminates in the United States. These figures exclude revenues for calls that transit the United States. Retained revenues are calculated as revenues billed by U. S. carriers, less settlement amounts owed to foreign carriers for U. S. billed traffic, plus settlement amounts due to U. S. carriers for foreign billed traffic. 25) For many countries, significantly higher rates apply to calls that terminate with a mobile phone. Some prepaid cards offer lower rates to specific cities. All cards add a surcharge for calls placed from a payphone. Some cards also may deduct card value for taxes. Some cards expire after a period of time, typically a few months after first use. 26) Americatel rates are from http:// www. americatel. com/ sp/ section. php? id_ section= 6908 . Rates are for a $20 card. Rates assume that the card will be held for 4 weeks – incurring two $2.00 maintenance fees. 27) AT& T cards contain a fixed number of minutes. International rates are based on the number of minutes of the call times a multiple which varies by country. The multiples are from http:// www. consumer. att. com/ prepaidcard/ fy/ pr. html. The USPS prices is based on the current price at the post office. The Sam’s Club price is based on the recharge rate for 1000 minutes, including surcharges. 28) IDT prepaid card rates taken from http:// www. uniontelecard. com/. 29) Rates for $20 card. Rates include a 30 % surcharge, reflect 3 m inute rounding, and assume that the card will be held for 4 weeks – incurr ing two 69 cent maintenance fees. 30) MCI Minute Pass rates are from http:// www. minutepass. com/. MCI Costco card rates were obtained from the toll free number on the back of a card. 31) Radiant prepaid cards rates taken from http:// www. prepaidtelecomhq. com/, which is a vendor that carries Radiant cards. Radiant also shows rates on its own site at http:// www. radianttelecom. com/ prepaid_ cards. asp. These rates are slightly higher, on average, for the Clear Connect card and more than 40% lower, on average, for the World4Less card. Radiant does not distribute cards through its own website. 32) Sprint rates are from http:// www. sprint. com/ ratesandconditions/ residential/ offered_ prepaidcard. html international rate table number 8. A- 5 45 33) Rates do not reflect universal service pass- through surcharges or taxes. 34) Common carriers report the actual number of private line circuits that they provided to customers at year end and the same circuits expressed as 64 Kbps (voice) equivalent circuits. The table shows an average revenue per circuit, which is calculated as the total billed revenue for the year, divided by the average number of circuits for the year [ (Year e nd + prior year end) / 2 ]. Data taken from Table B1 of annual International Telecommunications Data reports. A- 6 46 B- 1 Appendix B: Sources of International Traffic Data Most of the data presented herein came from carrier rate information, accounting rate agreements, and annual statistical reports, such as the international traffic data and circuit status reports filed pursuant to sections 43.61 and 43.82 of the Commission's rules. Much of the data presented in this report were previously published in the annual Section 43.61 International Telecommunications Data reports and Section 43.82 Circuit Status Data reports released by the International Bureau and Statistics of Communications Common Carriers (S O C C) released by the Wireline Competition Bureau. Recent editions of the traffic data and circuit status reports and annual volumes of the S O C C are available in the Federal Communications Commission's Reference Information Center, Courtyard Level, 445 12th Street S. W., Washington, D. C. 20554, (202) 418- 0270. Recent data from these sources also are available from the FCC at www. fcc. gov/ ib or http:// www. fcc. gov/ wcb/ iatd/ intl. html. Copies may also be obtained from the Commission's duplicating contractor, Best Copy and Printing, Inc. (BCPI). Customers may contact BCPI through its web site: WWW. BCPIWEB. COM, by e- mail at FCC@ BCPIWEB. COM, by phone at 202- 488- 5300 or by fax at 202- 488- 5563. Additional information on accounting rates, settlement payments, international circuit capacity, and international policies can be obtained from the FCC's International Bureau (202) 418- 1460 and on the Internet site at www. fcc. gov/ ib. Previous editions of International Trends can be downloaded from www. fcc. gov/ ib and the FCC- State Link Internet site at http:// www. fcc. gov/ wcb/ iatd/ intl. html. The FCC- State Link also contains information on the domestic telecommunications industry Information from the Bureau of Economic Analysis, (202) 606- 9900, can be found on the Internet at www. bea. doc. gov. Information from the United States Census Bureau, (301) 457- 4100, can be found on the Internet at www. census. gov. Information from the United States International Trade Commission, (202) 205- 2000, can be found on the Internet at www. usitc. gov. Additional information on consumer price indexes can be obtained from the U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, (202) 691- 5200, and at http:// stats. bls. gov. Some information on telecommunications in foreign countries is available from the International Telecommunications Union, 41- 22- 730- 5111 or at www. itu. int/, and also from the Organization for Economic Co- operation and Development, 33- 145- 24- 8200 or at www. oecd. org. Additional information on international telephone traffic originating in foreign countries can be obtained from TeleGeography, (202) 741- 0020, and at www. telegeography. com. 47 C- 1 Appendix C: Data Collection Definitions and History The Manual for Filing Section 43.61 Data in accordance with the FCC's Rules and Regulations , June 1995, and four Public Notices 1 provide directions for filing international traffic data. 2 Many significant reporting changes have occurred over the years, and several adj ustments have been made to make the time series more consistent. The most significant changes stem from the changing focus of the reporting requirements. Prior to 1990, the FCC collected data for overseas telecommunications. At one time, traffic to Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico was classified as reportable overseas traffic, while traffic to foreign points such as Canada and Mexico was not reported. This classification arose from the fact that carriers used radio facilities for overseas traffic while they used terrestrial cable facilities to serve Canada and Mexico. Since 1985, Hawaii, Alaska, the conterminous U. S., and Puerto Rico have been considered U. S. domestic points for reporting purposes. Carriers need not report data for traffic between any two domestic U. S. points. Starting in 1991, the Commission required carriers to report all traffic for offshore U. S. points, such as Guam and Midway, and carriers must include traffic between offshore U. S. points and all other U. S. points. Also in 1991, the FCC started systematically collecting traffic data for service to Canada, Mexico, and Saint Pierre and Miquelon. The current data requirements facilitate better tracking of the effects of settlement payments on the national balance of payments. Several adjustments were ma de to published data so that the data presented in the report for recent years approximate totals for all international traffic. Traffic reported to Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico has been removed from the data presented in this publication for the years 1980 through 1984. AT& T voluntarily provided telephone traffic data for Canada and Mexico for 1978 through 1990. All carriers filed data beginning in 1991. Appendix B and Appendix C of the Trends in the U. S. International Telecommunications Industry, September 1999, show the available telephone service traffic data for Canada and Mexico, respectively. Log- linear regression analysis with a dummy 1 DA 00- 1526, Annual Section 43.61( a) International Telecommunications Traffic Reports Due by July 31, 2000 (rel. July 7, 2000), DA 99- 1332, Further Clarification of Section 43.61 International Traffic Data Reporting Requirements (rel. July 7, 1999), DA 98- 1369, Clarification of Section 43.61 International Traffic Data Reporting Requirements (rel. July 9, 1998), and Clarification of Section 43.61 International Traffic Data Reporting Requirements (rel. July 15, 1997), may be obtained at the following FCC web sites: http:// www. fcc. gov/ ib (click on "Industry Information" and then on "Section 43.61 International Traffic Data Report"); or http:// www. fcc. gov/ wcb/ iatd/ stats. html (click on “Section 43.61 International Traffic Data Report"). 2 47 C. F. R. § 43.61. The Commission, in Ap ril 2004, proposed modifications to the Sections 43.61 and 43.82 international data collection rules. See Reporting Requirements for U. S. Providers of International Telecommunications Services; Amendment of Part 43 of the Commission's Rules , IB Docket 04- 112, Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 19 FCC Rcd 6460 (2004). 48 C- 2 trend was used to estimate Canada and Mexico traffic carried by AT& T's competitors for 1985 through 1990. While very approximate, these estimates were used to construct industry total data shown in the report. In addition to reclassifying international points, the FCC instituted other reporting changes in 1991. Service categories changed. Pure- resale traffic was separated from facilities- based traffic to avoid double counting. The Commission changed the definition of minutes for reporting purposes. For facilities- based service, carriers now report the number of minutes upon which settlements are calculated. They formerly reported billing minutes. The settlement process is used by U. S. and foreign carriers to provide compensation for handling traffic for each other. The number of minutes used for settlement purposes is generally based on the number of conversation minutes. In many cases, accumulated seconds are used to determine the minutes used in settlements. In the case of Mexico, billed minutes are used to determine settlements. Settlement minutes averaged 5% to 6% less than billed minutes for traffic billed in the United States for 1988 through 1990. Because carriers do not make settlement payments for their pure resale traffic, they continue to report resale data based on billing information. In 1991, the FCC also changed the traffic categories for reporting purposes. Prior to 1991, carriers reported traffic originating in the United States, terminating in the United States, and transiting the United States. Since 1991, the reporting categories are U. S. billed, foreign billed, and transiting traffic. U. S. billed traffic includes all traffic billed by U. S. carriers, and includes most calls that originate in the United States, calls that are placed collect or "caller toll- free" to the United States, U. S. carrier "Country Beyond" and "Country Direct" calls, and U. S. re origination traffic (definitions below). Prior to 1991, a collect call placed from a U. S. point could have been classified as originating traffic. Because these calls are billed by a carrier serving an international point, such traffic, however, now must be reported as foreign billed calls. Foreign billed traffic is all traffic billed by a foreign or correspondent carrier and includes most calls that originate in foreign points as well as collect and "caller toll- fr ee" calls placed by U. S. customers to foreign points. Foreign billed calls do not necessarily originate in the country for which the traffic is reported. In some cases, foreign carriers reoriginate traffic for other foreign carriers. U. S. carriers may not know which calls originated in a country and which calls had originated in some third country and then been reoriginated by the foreign carrier that sent the calls to the United States. Transiting traffic is traffic that originates from an international point, is billed by a foreign or correspondent carrier, is routed through the United States, and terminates at an international point. Transiting traffic is reported for the country in which the service is billed. Unlike reorigination traffic, transiting traffic is settled based on the settlement rate between the actual countries of origination and destination. To avoid confusion, this report uses the term " U. S. traffic " to refer to traffic originating in the United States through 1990, and traffic billed in the United States thereafter. Similarly, the term "foreign traffic" refers to traffic originating in foreign points through 1990, and traffic billed by foreign carriers thereafter. Prior to 1991, many carriers classified traffic based on billing. Thus, the change in definitions may not have caused any significant changes in the data being reported. 49 C- 3 Reorigination traffic is billed by a foreign carrier, transits an U. S. carrier’s facilities, and terminates in a foreign point. Unlike traditional transiting arrangements, reorigination traffic is not settled pursuant to an accounting rate agreement between the originating and terminating carriers. Reorigination allows the foreign carrier to take advantage of the U. S. carrier's accounting rate agreement with the carrier in the terminating country. The U. S. carrier treats reorigination traffic like U. S. billed traffic when it settles with the carrier in the country of termination and reports this traffic as U. S. billed traffic for filing purposes. During 1995, the Commission adopted a revised § 43.61 in ternational traffic data reporting manual. Beginning with the 1995 data filings, the Commission required carriers to provide separate switched service and private line data for facilities- based and facilities-resale services. Carriers also separately identified U. S. billed traffic originated in a foreign point via Country Direct and Country Beyond type services. Country Direct and Country Beyond services are U. S. carrier offerings that allow customers in foreign locations to route calls through U. S. carriers’ facilities to reach the United States (Country Direct) or any world point (Country Beyond). Country Direct and Country Beyond services rely on alternative billing arrangements, such as credit cards, and enable the customer in a foreign point to be served by a U. S. carrier rather than by a foreign carrier. Note that U. S. carriers or their affiliates may operate in foreign countries as foreign carriers. They do not report § 43.61 traffic on calls th at they carry from one foreign country to another unless they carry this traffic through a United States point. Finally, the revised manual clarified the treatment of discounts for reporting purposes. Beginning with the 1997 data filings, the Commission required carriers to separate switched services data by the financial arrangements made with carriers in foreign countries for terminating that traffic. Carriers now classify traffic as traditional settlement with proportionate return, and international simple resale including traffic hubbed through an intermediate foreign country. These arrangements are discussed below. Carriers continue to separately report facilities- based and facilities- resale private line services. As explained above, carriers separately report international switched telephone, and miscellaneous services based on the financial termination arrangements. Traditional settlement traffic is settled according to the Commission's International Settlements Policy (ISP). 3 The settlement is based on the accounting rate, which is part of a compensation agreement negotiated between an U. S. carrier and its foreign correspondent on a particular international route. The ISP requires nondiscriminatory accounting rates among U. S. carriers on a given route and that the U. S. carrier and its foreign correspondent share the accounting rate on a 50/ 50 basis. The ISP also requires that the U. S. carrier agree to accept 3 See 47 C. F. R. §§ 43.51( c), 64.1001 (2003). In the 2004 International Settlements Policy Reform Order , the Commission removed the ISP from all routes on which carriers have negotiated benchmark- compliant rates. International Settlements Po licy Reform, International Settlement Rates, IB Docket No. 02- 234, First Report and Order, 19 FCC Rcd 5709 (2004). These changes were not effective until 2004, however, and do not affect the 2003 data presented in this report. 50 C- 4 no more than its proportionate share of return traffic from the foreign carrier. ISR/ Hubbed traffic is switched traffic that is routed and settled by the U. S. carrier outside the traditional settlement process and that may be carried over private lines that are interconnected to the public switched network on one or both ends of the private line. 4 The Commission allowed carriers to use ISR as a means to route U. S.- outbound and U. S. -inbound traffic between the United States and a number of approved countries. In many cases, U. S. carriers exchange traffic with a carrier in an approved country and that carrier "hubs" the call, i. e. terminates the call in or from a third country under a traditional settlement agreement. See 47 C. F. R. § 63.17. Figure A- 1 summarizes change s in reporting definitions over time. These changes may account for some of the year- to- year changes in the reported data. In addition, the data may contain reporting errors. For example, the 1987 SOCC contains inaccurate data for traffic to the United Kingdom because AT& T's § 43.61 filing omitted foreign traffic for November and December. Corrected figures have been used herein. The FCC's reporting requirements incorporate a threshold below which corrections need not be made. In addition, the complexity of the settlement process guarantees that some errors are only discovered or correctable after the carriers file their final § 43.61 report for the year. While the data cannot be used to calculate precise year- to- year changes, the data provide a good indicator of industry trends. Complete technical information on current reporting requirements are contained in the Manual for Filing Se ction 43.61 Data , June 1995. Additional information on year 2003 data is contained in the 2003 International Telecommunications Data report available from the FCC’s Internet sites at www. fcc. gov/ ib. Figure A- 1 Reporting and Definition Changes Affecting SOCC International Traffic Statistics 1. The treatment of Hawaii and Puerto Rico traffic changed over time. Prior to 1985, Hawaii and Puerto Rico were classified as overseas points. Generally, traffic between the continental U. S. and Hawaii and Puerto Rico were included in SOCC tables through 1984. Where possible, these amounts have been removed from tables. 2. The treatment of Alaska traffic changed over time. Alaska traffic was included for some years before 1968, and for 1981 through 1984. Where possible, Alaska data for 1981 through 1984 have been removed from the tables. 4 In the 2004 International Settleme nts Policy Reform Order , the Commission eliminated its ISR policy. 19 FCC Rcd 5709. This change was not effective until 2004, however, and does not affect the 2003 data presented in this report. 51 C- 5 3. Starting in 1991, the international tables include traffic for all domestic U. S. points, including Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. (International traffic for offshore U. S. points is contained in the International Telecommunications Data report.) 4. Carriers did not report data for Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Canada or Mexico for 1968 through 1990. The 1980 through 1990 SOCC data presented in Table 1 and Table 2 have been adjusted to incl ude estimates for telephone traffic with Canada and Mexico. 5. U. S. traffic with the U. S. Virgin Islands was included in the international tables for 1980 through 1984, and then excluded for 1985 through 1990. U. S. traffic to other offshore U. S. points, such as Guam and Wake Island, was included for 1980 through 1985, and then excluded from the country- by- country table for 1986 through 1990. Beginning with 1991, the traffic with non- domestic offshore U. S. points has been included in the statistical tables. Such traffic currently represents less than 1% of all international traffic for the United States. 6. Maritime traffic was not explicitly included in some years through 1990. Starting in 1991, the SOCC tables include mari time traffic. 7. Before divestiture, interexchange carriers such as MCI and Sprint did not provide international telephone services. Through 1984, the tables containing country- by-country international telephone traffic represented AT& T only. 8. Prior to 1991, some switched service revenues, such as telephone service from offshore U. S. points, were classified as miscellaneous. In addition, some minor services, such as packet switching, were reported as miscellaneous. Carriers, however, were not required to report any data for some minor services. 9. From 1985 through 1990, switched services data included both facilities- based and pure- resale service. Starting in 1991, the Commission required carriers to separate international facilities- based traffic from international pure resale traffic. Starting in 1995, the Commission required carriers to also separate private line circuits offered over resold circuits (facilities- resale) from those offered over the carriers own circuits (facilities- based). 10. Through 1984, carriers reported transiting traffic both by points of origin and destination. Thus, each transiting call would be counted twice. 11. Through 1990, carriers were instructed to categorize traffic da ta by point of origin. Starting in 1991, the Commission required carriers to categorize traffic based on where each call is billed. This may not represent a significant change, because many carriers reported traffic based on billing prior to 1991. In this report, the term "U. S. traffic" refers to traffic reported as originating in the U. S. through 1990 and traffic reported as billed in the U. S. thereafter. Similarly, the term "foreign traffic" refers to traffic reported as or iginating in foreign points through 1990, and traffic reported as billed to foreign points thereafter. 52 C- 6 12. Through 1990, carriers were instructed to report the number of billing minutes or billing words. Starting in 1991, the Commission required facilities- based carriers to report the number of minutes or words used for settlement purposes. Pure resale carriers continue to report the number of minutes used for billing purposes. 13. Starting with 1995 filings, the Commission also required carriers to separate facilities- based data from facilities- resale data for switched services. This distinction was intended to separate International Simple Resale (ISR) traffic from settled traffic. In 1996, the Commission allowed carriers to offer ISR traffic using their own facilities. As a result, the Commission dropped the facilities-based/ facilities- resale distinction for switched services in 1997, and instead required that carriers separate traffic by settlement arrangement: traffic settled under traditional settlement with proportionate return arrangement; under international simple resale (ISR) including traffic hubbed through an intermediate foreign country arrangement; and, under an alternative settlement arrangement (see Footnotes 2 and 4 above, and Point 17 below). 14. Starting with 1995 filings, the Commission required carriers to separate Country Direct, Country Beyond, hubbing and reorigination traffic from other types of traffic in non- public filings. 15. The Commission started granting waivers for 1998 traffic filings allowing carriers to report switched international telex and telegraph services as miscellaneous or other international switched services, and to use two private line service categories instead of the six private line service categories described in the Manual for Filing Section 43.61 Data , June 1995. See Public Notice DA 99- 1332, June 7, 1999, available from www. fcc. gov/ ib and http:// www. fcc. gov/ wcb/ iatd/ intl. html. 16. Starting with 1998 filings, carriers that are granted waivers to report reoriginated traffic using billing codes other than 3 (traditional transiting), are required to separately identify traffic terminated via pure resale of another carrier’s switched service. Carriers need file this breakout only in non- public filings. 17. The Commission eliminated alternative settlement arrangements in the 1998 Biennial Regulatory Review Report and Order, adopted in 1999 (11 FCC Rcd 7963, see paragraphs 75- 81). 18. For 2003 traffic filings, the Commission waived the requirement that MCI file telex and telegraph data. No other carriers reported telex or telegraph data for that year. 53