Numbering Resource Utilization in the United States NRUF data as of June 30, 2007 Porting and Toll-Free data as of December 31, 2007 Craig Stroup and John Vu Industry Analysis and Technology Division Wireline Competition Bureau Federal Communications Commission March 2008 This report is available for reference in the FCC's Reference Information Center, Courtyard Level, 445 12th Street SW, Washington, DC 20554. Several private firms specialize in locating, duplicating, and distributing FCC documents. Documents may be purchased by calling Best Copy and Printing, Inc. at (202) 488-5300 or via their website at www.bcpiweb.com. This and many other useful reports can also be downloaded from the Wireline Competition Bureau Statistical Reports Internet site at www.fcc.gov/wcb/stats. 2 Numbering Resource Utilization in the United States NRUF Data as of June 30, 2007 Porting and Toll-Free Data as of December 31, 2007 Executive Summary This is the Federal Communications Commission’s report on numbering resource utilization in the United States. 1 In this report, we summarize an ongoing systematic collection of comprehensive data on the utilization of telephone numbers within the United States. The underlying information was acquired from carriers holding numbering resources and was analyzed as part of our ongoing assessment of the efficacy of numbering resource optimization measures prescribed by the Commission’s Numbering Resource Optimization (NRO) Orders. 2 Findings As of June 30, 2007: x Overall, 46.7% of all telephone numbers were assigned to end users. x The overall utilization rate for Incumbent Local Exchange Carriers (ILECs) was 50.8%, up from 49.3% six months earlier. x The overall utilization rate for Cellular/PCS carriers was 64.8%, up from 63.3% six months earlier. x The overall utilization rate for Competitive Local Exchange Carriers (CLECs) was 25.4%, up from 21.5% six months earlier. x Thousands-block pooling has made it unnecessary to distribute about 328 million telephone numbers. 1 The previous edition of this report, with data as of June 30, 2006, was released in February 2008. 2 See Numbering Resource Optimization, CC Docket No. 99-200, Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 15 FCC Rcd 7574 (2000) (First NRO Order); Numbering Resource Optimization, CC Docket Nos. 99-200, 96-98, Second Report and Order, Order on Reconsideration in CC Docket No. 96-98 and CC Docket No. 99-200, and Second Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking in CC Docket No. 99-200, 16 FCC Rcd 306 (2000) (Second NRO Order); Numbering Resource Optimization, CC Docket Nos. 99-200, 96-98, 95-116, Third Report and Order and Second Order on Reconsideration in CC Docket No. 96-98 and CC Docket No. 99-200, 17 FCC Rcd 252 (2001) (Third NRO Order); Numbering Resource Optimization, CC Docket Nos. 99-200, 96-98, 95-116, Fourth Report and Order in CC Docket No. 99-200 and CC Docket No. 95-116, and Fourth Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking in CC Docket No. 99-200, 18 FCC Rcd 12472 (2003) (Fourth NRO Order). 3 x In the first half of 2007, carriers returned 3.65 million telephone numbers to the NANPA. x In the second half of 2007, carriers returned 3.84 million telephone numbers to the NANPA. x Utahans port their numbers the most, porting 16.9% of their assigned numbers. Californians and New Yorkers are next, with 15.2% of assigned numbers ported. Background The United States uses ten-digit telephone numbers, which are organized in accordance with the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). 3 The NANP divides the country into separate geographic areas called numbering plan areas (NPAs), more commonly called area codes. Calls between these areas are generally dialed using the three-digit area code, followed by a seven-digit local telephone number. When the NANP was established in 1947, only 78 area codes were assigned to carriers in the United States. Only 36 new codes were added through 1989. But the rate of activation increased dramatically. In the 1990s, 109 new area codes were activated in the United States. 4 Because the remaining supply of unassigned area codes is diminishing, and because a premature exhaust of area codes imposes significant costs on consumers, the Commission has taken a number of steps to ensure that the limited numbering resources are used efficiently. Among other things, the Commission requires carriers to submit data on numbering resource utilization and forecasts twice a year. The information is submitted using FCC Form 502, which is known as the Numbering Resource Utilization/Forecast (NRUF) form. 5 Carriers controlling numbering resources for the purpose of providing services to their customers are required to file their NRUF forms with the North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA) 6 by February 1 and August 1 of each year. 7 3 The North American Numbering Plan is used in the United States and its territories, and in Canada, Bermuda, and many Caribbean nations, including Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, the Bahamas, Barbados, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Jamaica, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Turks and Caicos Islands. The data contained in this report are all limited to the United States and its overseas territories. 4 NeuStar, Inc. publishes a database containing information about each area code on its website: http://www.nanpa.com/npa/allnpas.zip. 5 See Numbering Resource Optimization, CC Docket No. 99-200, Order, 15 FCC Rcd 17005, 17006, n. 9 (2000) (July 2000 NRO Order). FCC Form 502 and most other FCC forms can be downloaded via www.fcc.gov/formpage.html. 6 The current NANPA is NeuStar, Inc. 7 First NRO Order, 15 FCC Rcd at 7603, para. 67. 4 The administrator compiles the information submitted into a database and provides that database to the Commission. 8 The information in this report presents number utilization as of June 30, 2007. It reflects all corrections and submissions that the NANPA received through December 31, 2007. 9 Historically, local telephone companies received geographic numbers in blocks of 10,000. These blocks of 10,000 numbers are often called NXXs, or central office codes, and are identifiable as the first three digits of a seven-digit telephone number. 10 One of the recent efforts to improve the efficiency with which numbers are used is “thousands-block number pooling,” where an NXX is broken into ten sequential blocks of 1,000 numbers. Carriers may then be required to donate unused or underutilized blocks to a pooling administrator, which then assigns those thousands-blocks to other carriers in need of numbers. 11 This effectively allows the assignment of numbers in blocks of 1,000 rather than 10,000. Most carriers are required to report their telephone number usage at the thousands-block level so that the Commission can evaluate the efficacy of telephone number pooling. Carriers that meet the statutory definition of “rural telephone company” 12 and operate in non-pooling areas are required to submit their number usage at the NXX level. In this report, we present utilization data for four types of carriers: 13 x Incumbent Local Exchange Carriers (ILECs) x Competitive Local Exchange Carriers (CLECs) x Cellular/PCS Carriers x Paging Carriers 8 The NANPA’s database is continually updated because not all carriers file by the prescribed date, and because carriers sometimes file updated information throughout the year. 9 Not all carriers filed their NRUF forms by the February 1, 2007 deadline. 10 A ten-thousands block is the block of 10,000 telephone numbers that have the same area code and the same NXX. 11 The current pooling administrator is NeuStar, Inc., which is also the NANPA. See Federal Communications Commission's Common Carrier Bureau Selects NeuStar, Inc. as National Thousands-Block Number Pooling Administrator, Press Release (rel. June 18, 2001). 12 47 U.S.C. § 153(37). 13 Carriers classified themselves in a variety of ways on their NRUF forms. With one exception, each carrier type was aggregated into one of these four categories for the purposes of this report. The exception involves carriers calling themselves interexchange carriers. These carriers reported data for area codes 500 and 900, which are summarized in Table 10 of this report. Therefore, there was no need to classify interexchange carriers as one of the four carrier types listed above. Also, carriers may provide multiple types of services, and may be doing so under a single operating company number. Where this occurs, this may cause a problem because carriers must indicate only their primary line of business on FCC Form 502. Thus, for example, there is some potential that some numbers are classified as cellular but are really used for paging. Only small carriers seem to do this, so the effects of this misclassification should be minor. 5 Carriers report on numbering resources in the following six categories: x assigned x intermediate x reserved x aging x administrative x available An assigned number is one that is in use by an end-user customer. Intermediate numbers are those that one carrier has made available for use by another carrier (or to a non-carrier) so that the numbers may then be assigned to an end user. Reserved numbers are those that are being held by the service provider at the request of an end user for future use. Aging numbers are those that are being held out of use by the carrier for a period of time after the end user that last used them discontinues service. Administrative numbers include test numbers and other numbers used for network purposes. Available numbers are numbers that are generally available for assignment to customers. 14 Some carriers receive telephone numbers from other carriers. When this occurs, the carrier that received its numbers from another carrier (as opposed to directly from the NANPA) is required to report utilization data for those numbers, and to mark those numbers as having been received from other carriers. 15 The vast majority of numbering resources reported were part of geographic area codes. That is, the numbers were part of area codes that are associated with specific regions of the United States or another country. For instance, area code 406 is associated with Montana, and area code 506 is associated with New Brunswick, Canada. Carriers are also required to report on utilization of some non-geographic area codes, such as 500 numbers and 900 numbers (which are described later in this report). Carriers use other types of non-geographic numbering resources as well: millions of numbers are used to provide toll-free services using non-geographic area codes such as 800, 888, 877 and 866. These numbering resources are managed separately. 14 For precise definitions of these categories, see 47 C.F.R. § 52.15. 15 This means that sometimes more than one carrier can report utilization data for the same thousands-block (or ten-thousands block). Carriers receiving numbers from another carrier are required to report utilization data for those numbers on a different page (of FCC Form 502) than the page that carriers use to report numbers received directly from the NANPA. Not all carriers that received numbers from other carriers filed on the correct page, however, so within the database it can appear that more than one carrier has reported data for the same block of numbers. Carriers that receive numbers from other carriers are also required to report on any telephone numbers received from the NANPA. 6 Analysis and Results Table 1 shows the total quantity of telephone numbers reported by the carriers and the number of 10,000 blocks (or NXXs) that were reported. Table 1 also shows the quantity of telephone numbers that carriers reported for each of the six categories described above. The percentages for each of the six categories are provided as well. Carriers have reported usage data on about 136,000 NXXs. This is up from the 134,000 NXXs from the previous filing (data for December 31, 2006). As the NANPA calculates that about 139,000 NXXs have been assigned to United States carriers, 16 this round of submissions (data for June 30, 2007) appears to have garnered usable information on over 97.9% of the numbering resources assigned to carriers in the United States. Although the reporting level is high, many carriers still had not provided usable utilization data by December 31, 2007, the cut-off date for inclusion in this report. Carriers filing FCC Forms 502 reported that about 627 million telephone numbers were assigned to end users, and that 629 million were available for assignment. Thus, the quantity of numbers available for assignment exceeds the number already assigned to end users. These 629 million available numbers do not include any telephone numbers in NXXs that had not yet been assigned to a carrier. As more NXXs are assigned to carriers by the NANPA, and more area codes are opened, more numbers will become available. Intermediate, reserved, aging and administrative categories collectively account for another 87 million telephone numbers of the NXXs assigned to carriers. The quantity of ILEC assigned numbers is down slightly, reflecting the decreasing number of ILEC lines. 17 The quantity of cellular/PCS assigned numbers is up, reflecting that sector’s growth. The quantity of CLEC assigned numbers continues to rise, in part, because of telephone service provided through voice over Internet protocol (VoIP). Table 2 presents utilization statistics for carriers reporting at the thousands-block level (carriers that do not meet the statutory definition of a rural carrier are required to report at the thousands- block level). Table 3 presents statistics for rural carriers, which are required to report only at the 10,000 block level. 18 As might be expected, overall utilization rates are lower in rural areas (16% of telephone numbers are assigned to end users) than in more urban areas (49% of telephone numbers are assigned to end users). Table 4 shows utilization statistics on a state-by-state basis. As might be expected, states that are relatively rural and have low population densities have a lower percentage of numbers that have been assigned to end-user customers than in more urban, populous states. Again, carriers report for only those numbers that have been assigned to them, so the quantity of available numbers does not include any of the NXXs that had not yet been assigned to a carrier. 16 The NANPA lists the codes that have been issued on their web site: http://www.nanpa.com/reports/reports_cocodes_assign.html. 17 See Table 1 of the most recent Local Telephone Competition report at http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html. 18 See First NRO Order, 15 FCC Rcd at 7604-05, para. 71. A small number of rural carriers may operate in areas with pooling. As all carriers in pooling areas are required to report at the thousands-block level, rural carriers in pooling areas, if any, should be included in Table 2 rather than Table 3. 7 Table 5 shows the number of carriers reporting telephone number utilization data for each state. Carriers are required to report their NRUF data at the operating company number (OCN) level. 19 Carriers typically obtain one or more OCNs per state in which they operate. The number of carriers in each state is determined by counting the number of OCNs reported in each state. Table 6 shows utilization statistics on an area code-by-area code basis. The table also shows the total number of OCNs reported in each area code. Again, carriers report for only those numbers that have been assigned to them, so the quantity of available numbers does not include any of the NXXs in the state that had not yet been assigned to a carrier. Table 7 shows actual quantities of assigned, aging and available numbers for wireline carriers (ILECs and CLECs), and for cellular/PCS carriers (wireless carriers). This information is presented on an area code-by-area code basis. The information in Table 7 is useful for at least two reasons. First, while there is no information on the number of working telephone lines in each area code, Table 7 provides at least some indication of what these numbers are. For several reasons, however, the number of working lines per area code cannot be perfectly divined from this information. Although cellular/PCS carriers typically assign one geographic telephone number to each subscriber, wireline carriers sometimes do not. Some wireline customers want multiple telephone numbers associated with a smaller number of lines. This is common when the customer has a PBX. Other customers, especially those expecting many inbound calls, such as from a help line, want a single telephone number that serves many lines. Thus, the quantity of telephone numbers in an area code provides only a rough guide to the number of lines served in each area code. Second, the information in Table 7 provides the only information available for examining churn. 20 After a customer disconnects from a carrier’s network and chooses not to port the number to another carrier, that carrier will hold that number out of circulation (“age” the number) for up to ninety days if the customer was a residential subscriber, and up to one year if the customer was a business subscriber. Therefore, the quantity of aging numbers gives some indication of the number of customers that have disconnected from the carrier’s network in the previous three months to a year. For several reasons, aging numbers, however, do not give a perfect indication of churn. Aside from not measuring numbers ported to another carrier, not all carriers age their numbers for the full time allowed. In particular, where carriers cannot immediately obtain new numbers from the NANPA or the pooling administrator because of area code rationing, and the carriers have no other available numbers to assign to end users, carriers may assign end users telephone numbers that have not been aged for the full time that the states have prescribed. (Thousands-block pooling alleviates this problem by making more numbering resources available.) Moreover, as mentioned in the previous paragraph, wireline carriers do not always issue one telephone number per line. Thus, as with line counts, churn rates can only be roughly estimated from the data in Table 7. 19 See First NRO Order, 15 FCC Rcd at 7594, para. 41. Carriers obtain OCNs from the National Exchange Carrier Association. 20 Churn is the rate at which customers change carriers or disconnect service. 8 Table 8 focuses on telephone number pooling. A thousands-block is potentially poolable when 90% or more of the numbers are classified as available for assignment. Pooling is required in the top 100 MSAs. 21 Pooling also is occurring in other areas where a state commission has exercised delegated authority to require pooling. 22 Carriers also have voluntarily implemented pooling in certain areas. The Commission established an initial roll-out schedule for thousands-block number pooling for wireline carriers, which was completed in December 2003. 23 Table 8 shows the number of thousands-blocks that carriers have received from the Pooling Administrator. Table 8 also shows the total number of thousands-blocks in rate centers where pooling exists, and shows the percentage of those thousands blocks that are pooled. Wireless carriers are listed separately from CLECs and ILECs because wireless carriers started porting on November 24, 2003. Table 9 examines the efficacy of thousands-block pooling. Table 9 shows the utilization of the thousands-blocks that were distributed by the Pooling Administrator, and the utilization rate that would have resulted had whole NXXs been issued. 24 Overall, if whole NXXs had been issued instead of individual thousands-blocks, utilization within those blocks would have been 19.7%. With pooling, however, utilization was 60.5%, more than a three-fold increase. Another way of measuring the benefit of pooling is examining the quantity of telephone numbers saved through pooling. With pooling, 158 million telephone numbers were distributed to carriers in pooling areas. Had there been no pooling, nearly 486 million telephone numbers would have been distributed to the carriers. Thus, about 328 million telephone numbers have been saved through thousands-block pooling. Table 10 shows utilization data for two specialized nongeographic area codes: 500 and 900. Area code 500 is used for “follow me” service, which, among other things, can be used to route an incoming call to different phone numbers, depending on the time of day. Area code 900 is used for information services where the caller is not charged the normal long distance rates set 21 The composition of MSAs may change over time. If a rate center is part of a top 100 MSA at any time after 1990, then the FCC generally requires number pooling. See Fourth NRO Order, 18 FCC Rcd at 12473, para. 2. 22 Most recently, the Commission granted authority to the Idaho, Alabama and Wisconsin commissions to expand pooling to areas outside of the top 100 MSAs. See Numbering Resource Optimization; Implementation of the Local Competition Provisions of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, WC Docket 07-118, CC Docket Nos. 99-200, 96-98, Order, 22 FCC Rcd 16081 (2007). The Commission also has sought comment on whether it should delegate authority to all states to implement mandatory pooling. See Numbering Resource Optimization, CC Docket No. 99-200, Order and Fifth Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 21 FCC Rcd 1833 (2006). 23 See The Common Carrier Bureau Announces The First Quarter Schedule For National Thousands-Block Number Pooling, CC Docket No. 99-200, Public Notice, 17 FCC Rcd 103 (2001). See also Numbering Resource Optimization, CC Docket No. 99-200, Order, 17 FCC Rcd 7347 (2002). 24 Calculating the utilization rate had whole NXXs been issued was a 4-step process: 1) the number of thousands-blocks that a carrier held in a rate center was determined; 2) that number was rounded up to the next ten, which is the number of thousands-blocks the carrier would have received if it had received whole NXXs; 3) the number in step 2 was multiplied by 1,000 to calculate the total quantity of telephone numbers the carrier would have had in the rate center; 4) the number of telephone numbers that the carrier actually has in that rate center is then subtracted from the quantity calculated in step 3. 9 by the caller’s long distance carrier, but usually is charged much higher prices that are preset by the call’s recipient. Figures 1 through 4 focus on utilization rates as a function of the number of thousands-blocks that the carriers hold within a local geographic area. 25 We have used rate centers as our measure of local geographic area because thousands blocks are assigned to carriers on a rate- center basis. 26 Carriers serving densely populated areas may need more than one thousands block (each thousands block contains one thousand numbers) to provide service. In these densely populated areas, carriers should generally be able to achieve higher utilization rates than carriers serving less densely populated areas, where one thousands block (or in many rural areas, a whole NXX) may be used to serve just a few customers. Figure 1 shows average ILEC utilization rates as a function of the number of thousands-blocks in a rate center held by a carrier. The points in the figures were calculated using a three-step process. First, thousands-blocks were grouped depending on the number of thousands-blocks held by a carrier within a rate center. Second, the number of thousands-blocks held in a rate center was rounded to the nearest ten, to help protect the confidentiality of the data. Third, the average utilization rates were calculated for each of the groups (i.e., from the group of 10 thousands-blocks per rate center through the group of 1,000 thousands-blocks per rate center). 27 For example, for all instances where a carrier reported from 5 to 14 (which round to 10) thousands-blocks in a rate center, the average utilization rate was calculated. A similar average utilization rate was calculated for all instances where, for a carrier in a rate center, the number of thousands-blocks in a rate center was rounded to 20, 30, and so on through 1,000. To preserve carrier confidentiality, some data points have been collapsed into a single data point. For example, if there were only two companies with 350 thousands-blocks in a rate center, and another two companies with 360 thousands-blocks in a rate center, those data points were collapsed. This way, no carrier-specific data are released. Figures 2 through 4 show the same information for Cellular/PCS carriers, CLECs, and paging carriers. Table 11 focuses on NPA-NXX assignment information. There are three different databases that contain sources of NPA-NXX assignment information: NANPA’s NRUF database, NANPA’s NANP Administration System (NAS) database of NPA-NXX assignments, and the Local Exchange Routing Guide (LERG). 28 For a variety of reasons, the databases are not identical. Timing is a large factor in the differences. For instance, during an area code split, a carrier will maintain both the old and new NPA-NXXs in its systems during the phase called 25 For the purposes of these figures, the utilization rate is defined as the number of telephone numbers assigned to end- user customers divided by 1,000 (the number of telephone numbers in the thousands block). 26 A rate center is a geographic area used to determine distances and prices for local and long distance calls. 27 In order to prevent disclosure of proprietary information, we have grouped some individual data points into clusters so that the specific utilization data for individual carriers cannot be divined by comparing the individual plot points with other data sources. 28 The NANPA’s assignment information can be found online: http://www.nanpa.com/reports/reports_cocodes_assign.html. The analysis in Table 11 examines only those codes that NANPA marked “assigned” (i.e., this study does not examine those codes marked “protected”, “reserved”, “unassignable”, or “vacant”). The LERG is published monthly by Telcordia Technologies. 10 permissive dialing. 29 After permissive dialing ends, the carrier should remove the old NPA- NXXs from its systems. During permissive dialing, some carriers report utilization data for both the old and the new NPA-NXXs. Further, some carriers may not remove the old NPA- NXXs from their systems promptly after permissive dialing ends, and may therefore report utilization data on both the old and the new NPA-NXXs. Also, carriers sometimes delay updating the LERG after an NPA-NXX has been removed from their switch or when the carrier has given the NPA-NXX back to the NANPA. Thus, the NRUF database, the LERG and the NANPA assignment database may not be identical. Table 11 shows the number of NPA-NXXs that appear in the three databases. Table 12 shows the percentage of numbers that have been assigned to end users over time. The utilization rate for incumbent local exchange carriers is slowly declining and cellular/PCS and CLEC utilization rates are generally increasing. The utilization rate for paging continues to drop because the paging market is shrinking. Table 13 shows, on a quarterly basis, the number of NXX assignments made by the NANPA, the number of NXXs that have been returned to the NANPA, and the number of net NXX assignments to carriers. The table shows that fewer NXXs generally are being issued each quarter, and that carriers continue to return unneeded NPA-NXXs to the NANPA for reassignment. Tables 14 through 16 display information on telephone number porting. All telephone number porting information in this report is derived from the local number portability database, which was designed solely for the purpose of routing calls. 30 There are several reasons that the quantity of ported numbers in the database at any given time does not equal the sum of numbers ported in prior months. When consumers who have already ported their telephone numbers do so again, the porting database retains only the most recent porting activity for those numbers. Consumers can also port their numbers back to the original carrier. 31 When this happens, it is counted as a port even though the number drops out of the porting database. 32 Table 14 shows, on a monthly basis, the quantities of telephone numbers that have been ported since wireless porting started on November 24, 2003. The table shows that most porting activity is intramodal, that is between two landline carriers or between two mobile carriers. Table 15 shows the quantity of telephone numbers in the porting database at the end of each quarter. Table 16 is based on ports in the database as of December 31, 2007, and shows the quarter in which the numbers were ported. 29 During permissive dialing, a phone number may be called by using either the old or the new NPA. 30 NeuStar, Inc. is the portability administrator. NeuStar operates seven different porting databases. Commission staff combines information from these databases into a single database. 31 When a customer who is using a ported number discontinues service entirely, the ported number also goes back to the original carrier. 32 Area code splits can cause a number that was at one time ported from Carrier A to Carrier B to appear to be reported from Carrier A to Carrier B, as the database record must be updated to reflect the new area code. When this happens, the old porting record also disappears from the database. 11 Table 17 shows the number of ports in the database on a state-by-state basis, and Table 18 shows the number of carriers involved in porting on a state-by-state basis. Table 19 shows the percentage of assigned numbers that were ported. 33 Tables 20 through 24 show information about toll-free numbers in the North American Numbering Plan. AT&T introduced toll-free service in 1967. The Commission changed procedures for routing toll-free calls on May 1, 1993 to make toll-free numbers "portable." This change enabled customers to switch service providers yet still retain their toll-free numbers. Table 20 shows that, between 1993 and 2000, the quantity of assigned toll-free numbers grew rapidly: growing from 3.9 million in 1993 to 24.2 million in 2000. New toll-free calling codes were opened to meet the demand. In March 1996, calling code 888 was placed into service. The third toll-free calling code (877) went into effect April 4, 1998, and the fourth toll-free calling code (866) went into effect July 29, 2000. As of December 31, 2007, there were 23.9 million toll-free numbers assigned. Tables 21 through 24 show the growth of each individual toll-free code: 800, 888, 877, and 866, respectively. In the event that another toll-free code is needed, the 855 code would be opened. Database Service Management, Inc./Team DSMI, a subsidiary of Telcordia Technologies, Inc., maintains the Toll-Free Service Management System for the United States and Canada. Table 25 shows the current list of area codes, the state or territory they serve, and the month the code was opened. Table 26 shows area code assignments since January 1999, along with the month the code was added, and the code that served the area previously. Table 27 shows how dialing patterns differ from state to state. For instance, in some states, callers making local calls within an area code are required to dial only the 7-digit phone number. In other states, callers making local calls must dial the ten-digit phone number (area code plus the phone number). Finally, in some states, local callers must dial a “1” before dialing the area code plus the phone number. Each state’s public utilities commission (or public service commission) determines the calling pattern for each area code in their state. 34 For both local and domestic toll calls, there are two basic types of calls: those within an area code and those between area codes. Table 27 shows the dialing patterns for all four types of calls. The last column of Table 27 indicates whether all toll calls in that state require callers to dial a “1” before the telephone number. 33 Paging carriers are not required to port numbers. 34 The dialing patterns for area codes are listed in the area code database, which can be found at http://www.nanpa.com/area_codes/index.html. 12 Additional Information Additional information too lengthy to include in this report is contained on the Commission’s website. 35 The first set of additional information lists the more than 3,000 filers. The list includes the service provider’s name, its parent name, and its OCN. The second set of information shows, by carrier type and by rate center, the number of assigned telephone numbers and the number of thousands blocks reported in that rate center. Some information has been redacted (asterisked out), to prevent the potential release of non-public data. The information also includes the Metropolitan Statistical Area/Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area in which the rate center resides. 36 The pooling information submitted by NeuStar is also available, and includes the NPA, NXX, X (block number), recipient carrier, date of assignment for the block and other information about the block. NeuStar submitted pooling data as of January 23, 2008. For consistency, only blocks with effective dates through December 31, 2007 were used in creating the tables for this report. Technical Details The following material provides technical details on the data and procedures used in this analysis. With respect to Tables 1 through 3, the reader should note that the number of unique NXXs for each carrier type does not add up to the total number of unique NXXs. 37 This occurs when multiple carriers report data for the same numbering resource. In addition, some carriers reported at the thousands-block level and other carriers reported at the NXX level for the same NXX. In the past, when numbers were transferred from an ILEC to another carrier, these numbers were classified as “assigned” because those numbers could not be used elsewhere in the ILEC’s own system. According to the Commission’s standardized definitions, however, these numbers are classified as “intermediate” numbers. It appears that some large carriers have not reported these numbers as intermediate numbers. Because, in many instances, we were unable to match submissions that report intermediate numbers with submissions that report numbers as being received from another carrier, we had to create filters to ensure that numbers were not double counted. Where a Regional Bell Operating Company (RBOC) has acquired a carrier with CLEC services in the RBOC's operating region, the numbering resources of the acquired CLEC that are in the 35 This report and additional numbering information can be found at http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/number.html. All of the Industry Analysis & Technology Division’s reports are available on the web, and are conveniently categorized. See http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/stats. 36 The rate center’s V&H coordinates from the LERG were used to determine in which MSA/PMSA the rate center resided. If the rate center is not in an MSA/PMSA, then the MSA/PMSA variable is left blank. 37 In some instances, more than one carrier reported numbering utilization data for the same NPA-NXX. Tables 1-3 report on the number of unique NPA-NXXs that were reported by each carrier type and by the industry as a whole. 13 RBOC's operating region are counted as ILEC resources. Where the acquired CLEC provides services outside of the acquirer's operating region, the numbering resources are treated as CLEC resources. For ease of comparison, Figures 1 through 4 plot utilization rates only when there were 1,000 or fewer thousands-blocks in a rate center. Some ILECs and Cellular/PCS carriers reported more than 1,000 unique thousands-blocks in a single rate center. For both types of carriers, however, the average utilization rates in these instances (where the carrier has more than 1,000 thousands blocks in a rate center) were the same as the instances where the carrier has just fewer than 1,000 thousands blocks in a rate center. Therefore, the figures show only the data where the carriers reported up to 1,000 thousands-blocks within a rate center. This allows a linear scale to be used. In some instances, we observed that some CLECs had a large number of thousands-blocks in a single rate center. Although most CLECs do not have enough end-user lines in a rate center to warrant having so many thousands-blocks in that rate center, there are at least two reasons that a CLEC would do so. First, some CLECs provide service to unified messaging services, such as e-fax. 38 These services use large quantities of numbers. 39 Also, VoIP providers generally obtain NANP telephone numbers for their customers by partnering with a local exchange carrier, such as a CLEC, through a commercial arrangement rather than obtaining them directly from a numbering administrator. * * * * We invite users of this information to provide suggestions for improved data collection and analysis by using the attached customer response form, e-mailing comments to craig.stroup@fcc.gov, john.vu@fcc.gov, or calling the Industry Analysis and Technology Division at (202) 418-0940 (for TTY, call (202) 418-0484). 38 Unified messaging services allow end users to receive multiple types of messages (such as voice mail and faxes) at one phone number. Typically, these messages are then digitized and e-mailed to the end user. Because the end user does not need to answer the call personally, the messages can be sent to any phone number in the United States. Thus, unified messaging service providers can operate efficiently by obtaining a large number of thousands blocks in a single rate center. 39 Carriers assigning numbers to unified messaging services are instructed to report numbers as “intermediate” until the numbers are assigned by the unified messaging service providers to end users. Some carriers have assigned large quantities of numbers to unified messaging services but may not have received information back from the unified messaging company as to whether those numbers had been assigned to end users. This may explain why some carriers reported dozens of NXXs in a single rate center, yet classified all those numbers as intermediate rather than assigned. Table 1 Number Utilization by Carrier Type as of June 30, 2007 Assigned Intermediate Reserved Aging Admin Available 1 Total Unique Carrier Type (Thousands of telephone numbers) NXXs ILEC 296,478 14,158 6,681 13,224 9,825 243,194 583,560 66,031 Cellular/PCS 250,004 2,615 1,297 13,912 3,484 114,643 385,956 49,961 CLEC 74,109 11,872 3,056 4,023 1,130 197,727 291,917 43,982 Paging 6,186 679 686 632 181 73,828 82,193 6,038 All Reporting Carriers 626,777 29,324 11,721 31,791 14,621 629,393 1,343,626 136,428 2 ILEC 50.8% 2.4% 1.1% 2.3% 1.7% 41.7% 100.0% Cellular/PCS 64.8% 0.7% 0.3% 3.6% 0.9% 29.7% 100.0% CLEC 25.4% 4.1% 1.1% 1.4% 0.4% 67.7% 100.0% Paging 7.5% 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% 0.2% 89.8% 100.0% All Reporting Carriers 46.7% 2.2% 0.9% 2.4% 1.1% 46.8% 100.0% Table 2 Detail of Number Utilization: Non-rural Carriers (Reported at the Thousands-block Level) Assigned Intermediate Reserved Aging Admin Available 1 Total Unique Carrier Type (Thousands of telephone numbers) NXXs ILEC 285,709 13,336 5,293 12,536 9,475 193,540 519,890 59,689 Cellular/PCS 248,196 2,534 1,100 13,778 3,399 108,249 377,256 49,118 CLEC 73,543 11,810 2,894 3,997 1,078 190,140 283,461 43,193 Paging 5,827 657 539 533 110 69,657 77,323 5,594 All Reporting Carriers 613,275 28,337 9,827 30,844 14,062 561,585 1,257,930 128,296 2 ILEC 55.0% 2.6% 1.0% 2.4% 1.8% 37.2% 100.0% Cellular/PCS 65.8% 0.7% 0.3% 3.7% 0.9% 28.7% 100.0% CLEC 25.9% 4.2% 1.0% 1.4% 0.4% 67.1% 100.0% Paging 7.5% 0.9% 0.7% 0.7% 0.1% 90.1% 100.0% All Reporting Carriers 48.8% 2.3% 0.8% 2.5% 1.1% 44.6% 100.0% Table 3 Detail of Number Utilization: Rural Carriers (Reported at the NXX Level) Assigned Intermediate Reserved Aging Admin Available 1 Total Unique Carrier Type (Thousands of telephone numbers) NXXs ILEC 10,769 822 1,388 687 350 49,654 63,670 6,366 Cellular/PCS 1,808 81 197 135 85 6,394 8,700 859 CLEC 566 62 162 27 52 7,588 8,456 843 Paging 360 22 147 99 71 4,171 4,870 444 All Reporting Carriers 13,502 987 1,894 948 558 67,807 85,696 8,492 2 ILEC 16.9% 1.3% 2.2% 1.1% 0.6% 78.0% 100.0% Cellular/PCS 20.8% 0.9% 2.3% 1.6% 1.0% 73.5% 100.0% CLEC 6.7% 0.7% 1.9% 0.3% 0.6% 89.7% 100.0% Paging 7.4% 0.5% 3.0% 2.0% 1.5% 85.7% 100.0% All Reporting Carriers 15.8% 1.2% 2.2% 1.1% 0.7% 79.1% 100.0% Source: Numbering Resource Utilization/Forecast Reports data filed with NeuStar, Inc. as of December 31, 2007 (98% of NXXs reported). 1 Includes only telephone numbers in NXXs assigned to carriers and are therefore available for assignment to customers. Does not include any numbers in NXXs that have not yet been assigned to carriers. 2 Unduplicated total. Note: Figures may not add due to rounding. Where an RBOC has acquired a carrier with CLEC services in the RBOC's operating region, the numbering resources of the acquired CLEC that are in the RBOC's operating region are counted as ILEC resources. Where the acquired CLEC provides services outside of the acquirer's operating region, the numbering resources are treated as CLEC resources. 14 Table 4 Telephone Number Utilization by State as of June 30, 2007 Assigned Intermediate Reserved Aging Administrative Available 1 Total State/jurisdiction 000s % 000s % 000s % 000s % 000s % 000s % 000s Alabama 8,833 41.7 560 2.6 245 1.2 520 2.5 240 1.1 10,780 50.9 21,178 Alaska 1,403 25.7 11 0.2 42 0.8 67 1.2 22 0.4 3,905 71.7 5,449 American Samoa 19 63.5 0 0.0 2 6.9 0 0.7 2 7.6 6 21.3 30 Arizona 12,569 61.5 353 1.7 155 0.8 608 3.0 186 0.9 6,552 32.1 20,424 Arkansas 4,532 32.6 680 4.9 96 0.7 265 1.9 166 1.2 8,162 58.7 13,901 California 76,737 49.9 5,551 3.6 791 0.5 3,703 2.4 2,419 1.6 64,720 42.0 153,921 Colorado 11,459 57.3 63 0.3 127 0.6 569 2.8 294 1.5 7,494 37.5 20,006 Connecticut 7,474 50.4 340 2.3 98 0.7 290 2.0 228 1.5 6,402 43.2 14,831 Delaware 2,540 57.4 23 0.5 75 1.7 113 2.6 28 0.6 1,648 37.2 4,427 District of Columbia 4,132 72.7 26 0.5 136 2.4 137 2.4 31 0.5 1,219 21.5 5,681 Florida 38,742 54.5 2,002 2.8 404 0.6 2,729 3.8 976 1.4 26,235 36.9 71,088 Georgia 18,949 48.9 1,931 5.0 305 0.8 1,219 3.1 376 1.0 15,966 41.2 38,747 Guam 188 30.3 0 0.0 78 12.7 8 1.3 6 1.0 339 54.7 620 Hawaii 2,782 56.3 12 0.2 23 0.5 100 2.0 165 3.3 1,856 37.6 4,938 Idaho 2,760 44.5 22 0.3 53 0.9 135 2.2 78 1.3 3,156 50.9 6,203 Illinois 27,055 45.6 1,117 1.9 609 1.0 1,146 1.9 545 0.9 28,912 48.7 59,384 Indiana 10,727 39.9 492 1.8 133 0.5 544 2.0 290 1.1 14,689 54.7 26,875 Iowa 7,200 35.6 257 1.3 131 0.6 256 1.3 135 0.7 12,253 60.6 20,232 Kansas 4,779 29.2 725 4.4 85 0.5 230 1.4 167 1.0 10,397 63.5 16,382 Kentucky 7,581 36.8 478 2.3 124 0.6 475 2.3 137 0.7 11,787 57.3 20,583 Louisiana 8,565 42.7 521 2.6 131 0.7 558 2.8 220 1.1 10,061 50.2 20,056 Maine 2,510 47.1 32 0.6 70 1.3 111 2.1 38 0.7 2,567 48.2 5,328 Maryland 14,393 56.8 76 0.3 275 1.1 575 2.3 152 0.6 9,868 38.9 25,337 Massachusetts 19,076 50.7 297 0.8 648 1.7 690 1.8 259 0.7 16,687 44.3 37,656 Michigan 19,033 37.6 740 1.5 266 0.5 936 1.8 483 1.0 29,162 57.6 50,620 Minnesota 11,193 41.4 237 0.9 262 1.0 508 1.9 190 0.7 14,664 54.2 27,053 Mississippi 4,718 29.9 305 1.9 132 0.8 369 2.3 122 0.8 10,130 64.2 15,776 Missouri 10,897 38.0 550 1.9 300 1.0 594 2.1 225 0.8 16,082 56.1 28,648 Montana 1,570 25.3 16 0.3 41 0.7 81 1.3 35 0.6 4,470 71.9 6,212 Nebraska 3,295 32.2 158 1.5 41 0.4 136 1.3 75 0.7 6,544 63.9 10,248 Nevada 5,158 52.7 1,204 12.3 34 0.3 301 3.1 90 0.9 3,002 30.7 9,789 New Hampshire 3,294 48.9 25 0.4 60 0.9 95 1.4 41 0.6 3,226 47.8 6,742 New Jersey 20,615 51.5 336 0.8 503 1.3 869 2.2 253 0.6 17,492 43.7 40,068 New Mexico 3,483 47.4 57 0.8 32 0.4 164 2.2 88 1.2 3,519 47.9 7,342 New York 41,852 55.8 1,167 1.6 1,296 1.7 2,050 2.7 532 0.7 28,168 37.5 75,065 North Carolina 17,467 47.3 1,110 3.0 198 0.5 1,019 2.8 426 1.2 16,702 45.2 36,922 North Dakota 1,096 19.9 35 0.6 14 0.3 45 0.8 37 0.7 4,278 77.7 5,505 Northern Marianas Is 50 20.6 1 0.4 26 10.7 2 0.8 1 0.2 161 67.2 240 Ohio 21,620 43.7 1,011 2.0 221 0.4 952 1.9 461 0.9 25,223 51.0 49,488 Oklahoma 6,001 33.0 563 3.1 92 0.5 317 1.7 202 1.1 11,015 60.6 18,191 Oregon 7,247 49.8 107 0.7 120 0.8 351 2.4 190 1.3 6,530 44.9 14,546 Pennsylvania 26,397 47.7 240 0.4 984 1.8 1,301 2.4 359 0.6 26,012 47.0 55,292 Puerto Rico 3,643 49.7 61 0.8 79 1.1 282 3.9 87 1.2 3,173 43.3 7,324 Rhode Island 2,745 56.5 5 0.1 62 1.3 99 2.0 19 0.4 1,930 39.7 4,860 South Carolina 8,189 48.8 576 3.4 125 0.7 467 2.8 254 1.5 7,165 42.7 16,776 South Dakota 1,288 22.6 29 0.5 24 0.4 57 1.0 41 0.7 4,269 74.8 5,708 Tennessee 12,021 46.9 679 2.7 180 0.7 715 2.8 236 0.9 11,793 46.0 25,624 Texas 46,382 44.5 2,748 2.6 752 0.7 2,615 2.5 1,911 1.8 49,770 47.8 104,178 Utah 5,851 53.5 119 1.1 69 0.6 243 2.2 112 1.0 4,550 41.6 10,943 Vermont 2,188 46.5 10 0.2 55 1.2 45 1.0 48 1.0 2,364 50.2 4,710 Virgin Islands 159 49.8 15 4.5 29 9.2 38 11.8 2 0.5 77 24.2 320 Virginia 17,252 57.8 142 0.5 393 1.3 867 2.9 216 0.7 10,969 36.8 29,838 Washington 13,752 52.5 1,160 4.4 141 0.5 637 2.4 413 1.6 10,111 38.6 26,213 West Virginia 2,591 40.5 55 0.9 82 1.3 121 1.9 72 1.1 3,478 54.4 6,399 Wisconsin 9,738 37.3 286 1.1 261 1.0 407 1.6 202 0.8 15,219 58.3 26,114 Wyoming 989 27.5 8 0.2 13 0.4 62 1.7 41 1.1 2,486 69.1 3,598 Totals 626,777 46.6 29,324 2.2 11,721 0.9 31,791 2.4 14,621 1.1 629,393 46.8 1,343,626 Source: Numbering Resource Utilization/Forecast Reports data filed with NeuStar, Inc. as of December 31, 2007. 1 Includes only telephone numbers in NXXs assigned to carriers and are therefore available for assignment to customers. Does not include any numbers in NXXs that have not yet been assigned to carriers. Note: Figures may not add due to rounding. 15 Table 5 Number of Carriers Reporting Numbering Resources as of June 30, 2007 1 Paging Unduplicated State/jurisdiction ILEC 2 Cellular/PCS 2 CLEC 2 Carriers 2 Total Carriers Alabama 30 17 24 9 80 Alaska 23 13 2 2 40 American Samoa 0 1 0 0 1 Arizona 16 14 27 5 62 Arkansas 31 10 15 6 62 California 24 17 55 11 105 Colorado 32 16 29 6 83 Connecticut 1 6 19 4 30 Delaware 3 5 25 6 39 District of Columbia 3 5 23 5 36 Florida 14 19 52 8 91 Georgia 35 16 43 8 102 Guam 1 3 2 0 6 Hawaii 2 6 8 3 19 Idaho 24 18 18 5 64 Illinois 57 16 45 8 124 Indiana 43 19 42 6 109 Iowa 157 18 55 3 233 Kansas 46 17 28 6 97 Kentucky 19 21 37 6 83 Louisiana 21 12 23 7 63 Maine 23 7 16 4 50 Maryland 4 10 38 7 59 Massachusetts 5 7 31 4 47 Michigan 36 19 45 5 104 Minnesota 95 13 60 3 171 Mississippi 18 14 24 8 64 Missouri 44 17 39 7 107 Montana 20 7 14 0 41 Nebraska 48 13 16 2 79 Nevada 12 9 25 6 52 New Hampshire 12 9 20 4 45 New Jersey 5 6 42 5 56 New Mexico 18 14 15 4 51 New York 38 13 47 10 107 North Carolina 25 15 35 4 78 North Dakota 36 9 15 2 62 Northern Marianas Is 1 2 0 0 3 Ohio 38 20 53 5 114 Oklahoma 44 18 20 7 89 Oregon 36 12 33 4 84 Pennsylvania 38 22 49 8 116 Puerto Rico 1 7 5 1 14 Rhode Island 1 5 14 3 23 South Carolina 24 12 35 3 74 South Dakota 47 9 17 1 74 Tennessee 25 19 36 6 86 Texas 66 35 66 14 179 Utah 15 14 22 3 53 Vermont 11 5 10 4 30 Virgin Islands 1 3 0 0 4 Virginia 21 13 43 6 82 Washington 29 12 41 8 88 West Virginia 9 14 15 7 44 Wisconsin 90 18 37 7 150 Wyoming 16 13 12 1 42 Unduplicated Total 1,348 351 1,369 90 3,143 Source: Numbering Resource Utilization/Forecast Reports data filed with NeuStar, Inc. as of December 31, 2007. 1 Company numbers determined by counting operating company numbers (OCNs). Carriers typically obtain at least one OCN per state in which they do business. Thus, carriers with multiple OCNs are counted multiple times. An exception was made for those RBOCs that have acquired a company with CLEC operations within their operating areas. Although the acquired CLEC's numbers have been treated as ILEC numbers throughout this report, the acquired CLEC's OCN was not counted as an ILEC OCN in-region. Where the acquired CLEC operates outside of the acquiring RBOC's operating area, the CLEC's OCN was counted as a CLEC. 2 Carriers occasionally misclassify the type of service that they provide. For instance, the CLEC operations of ILECs are occasionally classified as ILEC operations. 16 Table 6 Telephone Number Utilization by Area Code as of June 30, 2007 Area Code State/Jurisdiction Area Code Opened Assigned Intermediate Reserved Aging Admin Available OCNs 201 New Jersey January-47 56.1% 1.0% 1.3% 2.4% 0.5% 38.8% 43 202 District of Columbia January-47 72.7% 0.5% 2.4% 2.4% 0.5% 21.5% 36 203 Connecticut January-47 53.0% 3.0% 0.8% 2.0% 1.9% 39.4% 31 205 Alabama January-47 49.9% 2.8% 0.4% 2.9% 1.8% 42.2% 39 206 Washington January-47 64.9% 1.8% 0.5% 2.6% 1.8% 28.4% 33 207 Maine January-47 47.1% 0.6% 1.3% 2.1% 0.7% 48.2% 50 208 Idaho January-47 44.5% 0.3% 0.9% 2.2% 1.3% 50.9% 64 209 California January-58 43.0% 4.0% 0.5% 1.9% 1.7% 48.8% 41 210 Texas November-92 63.3% 3.4% 0.9% 3.1% 1.2% 28.2% 34 212 New York January-47 74.8% 0.2% 5.5% 3.5% 1.4% 14.5% 30 213 California January-47 44.3% 2.0% 0.9% 3.0% 2.0% 47.8% 49 214 Texas January-47 59.2% 0.9% 0.7% 3.1% 2.1% 34.0% 48 215 Pennsylvania January-47 60.0% 0.3% 2.7% 2.3% 0.9% 33.8% 35 216 Ohio January-47 48.5% 1.3% 0.6% 2.5% 0.9% 46.2% 31 217 Illinois January-47 33.7% 1.6% 5.7% 1.3% 1.1% 56.6% 45 218 Minnesota January-47 23.3% 2.2% 0.6% 1.0% 0.5% 72.3% 67 219 Indiana January-47 43.5% 3.2% 0.3% 2.0% 1.2% 49.8% 33 224 Illinois January-02 38.8% 1.6% 0.3% 1.8% 0.9% 56.6% 27 225 Louisiana August-98 52.2% 3.2% 0.3% 3.3% 1.6% 39.4% 31 228 Mississippi September-97 34.9% 1.1% 0.5% 2.5% 1.0% 59.9% 27 229 Georgia August-00 31.5% 7.7% 0.8% 2.2% 0.4% 57.4% 33 231 Michigan June-99 26.1% 0.7% 0.4% 1.3% 0.5% 71.0% 36 234 Ohio October-00 11.2% 3.2% 0.1% 0.3% 0.6% 84.6% 12 239 Florida March-02 57.4% 0.9% 0.3% 4.0% 0.5% 37.0% 27 240 Maryland June-97 53.0% 0.6% 0.5% 2.6% 0.4% 42.9% 44 248 Michigan May-97 47.7% 1.5% 0.7% 2.1% 0.8% 47.1% 36 251 Alabama June-01 41.8% 2.2% 1.3% 2.3% 0.8% 51.6% 35 252 North Carolina March-98 35.5% 1.3% 0.1% 2.8% 0.5% 59.8% 31 253 Washington April-97 53.1% 7.5% 0.5% 3.2% 1.1% 34.6% 32 254 Texas May-97 31.6% 2.6% 1.3% 2.3% 2.6% 59.8% 42 256 Alabama March-98 42.2% 2.3% 1.6% 2.1% 1.0% 50.8% 42 260 Indiana January-02 38.1% 0.9% 0.7% 1.5% 1.8% 57.1% 31 262 Wisconsin September-99 38.1% 1.0% 0.9% 1.4% 0.5% 58.1% 39 267 Pennsylvania July-99 41.0% 0.5% 0.9% 2.9% 0.3% 54.4% 37 269 Michigan July-02 36.4% 1.4% 0.9% 1.9% 0.9% 58.5% 42 270 Kentucky April-99 29.6% 2.6% 0.5% 2.0% 0.5% 64.7% 53 276 Virginia September-01 34.0% 0.7% 0.3% 2.9% 0.8% 61.3% 33 281 Texas November-96 48.9% 3.3% 0.5% 3.1% 1.1% 43.1% 41 301 Maryland January-47 61.3% 0.2% 1.1% 1.9% 0.7% 34.8% 40 302 Delaware January-47 57.4% 0.5% 1.7% 2.6% 0.6% 37.2% 39 303 Colorado January-47 67.5% 0.3% 0.9% 2.6% 2.1% 26.6% 39 304 West Virginia January-47 40.5% 0.9% 1.3% 1.9% 1.1% 54.4% 44 305 Florida January-47 56.5% 4.3% 0.5% 4.5% 1.3% 32.8% 40 307 Wyoming January-47 27.5% 0.2% 0.4% 1.7% 1.1% 69.1% 42 308 Nebraska January-55 16.7% 1.2% 0.7% 1.0% 0.9% 79.5% 44 309 Illinois January-57 38.5% 1.2% 0.8% 1.7% 1.0% 56.8% 52 310 California November-91 64.1% 2.4% 0.7% 2.7% 1.7% 28.4% 50 312 Illinois January-47 51.0% 3.2% 0.6% 1.9% 0.9% 42.4% 35 313 Michigan January-47 42.7% 2.0% 0.5% 3.3% 1.0% 50.4% 32 314 Missouri January-47 56.2% 2.9% 1.4% 2.6% 1.0% 35.9% 32 315 New York January-47 41.6% 1.0% 1.0% 1.8% 0.7% 53.9% 43 316 Kansas January-47 47.6% 3.6% 0.4% 2.1% 1.5% 44.8% 26 317 Indiana January-47 51.8% 2.2% 0.7% 2.9% 1.0% 41.5% 41 318 Louisiana January-57 36.7% 2.2% 0.3% 2.6% 0.7% 57.6% 37 319 Iowa January-47 41.2% 1.5% 0.3% 1.6% 1.3% 54.1% 59 17 Table 6 Telephone Number Utilization by Area Code as of June 30, 2007 Area Code State/Jurisdiction Area Code Opened Assigned Intermediate Reserved Aging Admin Available OCNs 320 Minnesota March-96 25.0% 0.7% 0.7% 1.4% 0.4% 71.8% 63 321 Florida November-99 59.7% 2.7% 0.5% 3.9% 0.9% 32.4% 41 323 California June-98 53.1% 1.6% 0.6% 3.5% 1.3% 39.8% 47 325 Texas April-03 29.8% 1.4% 1.3% 1.4% 1.7% 64.2% 31 330 Ohio March-96 45.4% 1.7% 0.5% 1.9% 0.6% 49.8% 41 331 Illinois October-07 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 1 334 Alabama January-95 32.2% 3.2% 1.4% 2.5% 0.7% 60.0% 50 336 North Carolina December-97 49.7% 3.5% 0.5% 2.9% 1.4% 42.0% 49 337 Louisiana October-99 38.6% 2.2% 0.4% 2.5% 1.1% 55.2% 34 339 Massachusetts May-01 28.2% 2.3% 0.1% 0.8% 0.7% 67.9% 15 340 Virgin Islands June-97 49.8% 4.5% 9.2% 11.8% 0.5% 24.2% 4 347 New York October-99 63.4% 4.7% 0.5% 5.5% 0.7% 25.2% 34 351 Massachusetts May-01 18.8% 0.0% 0.1% 3.2% 0.1% 77.9% 1 352 Florida December-95 48.9% 1.5% 0.2% 3.4% 0.8% 45.2% 36 360 Washington January-95 50.1% 1.8% 0.5% 2.2% 1.4% 44.0% 58 361 Texas February-99 26.5% 2.1% 0.3% 1.6% 1.3% 68.2% 32 386 Florida February-01 46.5% 3.2% 0.3% 3.4% 0.7% 45.9% 38 401 Rhode Island January-47 56.5% 0.1% 1.3% 2.0% 0.4% 39.7% 23 402 Nebraska January-47 38.7% 1.7% 0.3% 1.5% 0.7% 57.2% 52 404 Georgia January-47 63.9% 4.1% 0.5% 3.4% 2.1% 25.9% 41 405 Oklahoma January-47 46.6% 3.6% 0.7% 2.1% 1.0% 45.9% 39 406 Montana January-47 25.3% 0.3% 0.7% 1.3% 0.6% 71.9% 41 407 Florida April-88 55.6% 3.2% 0.5% 4.4% 0.7% 35.7% 43 408 California January-59 55.5% 4.5% 0.5% 2.3% 1.0% 36.2% 43 409 Texas November-82 31.1% 5.9% 0.2% 2.0% 1.3% 59.4% 34 410 Maryland October-91 61.4% 0.2% 1.8% 2.3% 0.7% 33.6% 41 412 Pennsylvania January-47 47.2% 0.1% 2.1% 2.3% 1.0% 47.2% 32 413 Massachusetts January-47 54.2% 0.2% 1.2% 1.7% 0.3% 42.4% 32 414 Wisconsin January-47 54.7% 2.2% 0.6% 2.9% 0.9% 38.7% 27 415 California January-47 49.5% 3.1% 0.5% 2.1% 1.4% 43.4% 46 417 Missouri January-50 31.6% 2.7% 1.3% 1.9% 1.0% 61.6% 50 419 Ohio January-47 35.6% 4.5% 0.4% 1.5% 1.3% 56.6% 59 423 Tennessee September-95 46.0% 2.2% 0.5% 3.0% 0.8% 47.6% 42 424 California August-06 17.1% 2.7% 0.6% 2.0% 3.7% 73.9% 28 425 Washington April-97 53.5% 6.9% 0.6% 2.2% 2.3% 34.5% 32 430 Texas February-03 8.0% 0.0% 0.2% 1.3% 16.6% 73.9% 7 432 Texas April-03 32.9% 2.5% 1.7% 2.6% 1.6% 58.7% 27 434 Virginia June-01 45.3% 0.8% 1.1% 3.4% 0.6% 48.9% 28 435 Utah September-97 28.4% 1.2% 0.7% 1.2% 0.7% 67.8% 50 440 Ohio August-97 45.0% 2.0% 0.5% 1.5% 0.5% 50.5% 36 443 Maryland June-97 47.7% 0.4% 0.4% 2.5% 0.4% 48.5% 43 469 Texas July-99 47.0% 2.6% 0.5% 3.1% 0.8% 45.9% 41 478 Georgia August-00 40.5% 6.5% 0.8% 3.0% 1.0% 48.2% 35 479 Arkansas January-02 38.0% 4.1% 1.0% 2.1% 1.0% 53.8% 37 480 Arizona March-99 74.7% 0.7% 0.9% 3.4% 1.0% 19.3% 31 484 Pennsylvania June-99 36.6% 0.4% 2.1% 1.6% 0.2% 59.1% 44 501 Arkansas January-47 41.3% 5.5% 0.4% 2.0% 2.2% 48.5% 32 502 Kentucky January-47 50.4% 3.2% 0.4% 2.9% 1.3% 41.7% 31 503 Oregon January-47 57.4% 0.8% 0.3% 2.6% 1.6% 37.3% 49 504 Louisiana January-47 48.2% 4.1% 0.6% 2.9% 1.1% 43.0% 24 505 New Mexico January-47 49.0% 0.8% 0.4% 2.3% 1.2% 46.2% 51 507 Minnesota January-54 21.7% 0.4% 2.3% 1.0% 0.4% 74.1% 84 508 Massachusetts July-88 58.3% 0.6% 1.9% 1.9% 1.0% 36.3% 37 509 Washington January-57 42.3% 5.8% 0.6% 2.2% 1.2% 47.8% 50 510 California September-91 48.2% 4.6% 0.3% 2.3% 1.4% 43.2% 38 18 Table 6 Telephone Number Utilization by Area Code as of June 30, 2007 Area Code State/Jurisdiction Area Code Opened Assigned Intermediate Reserved Aging Admin Available OCNs 512 Texas January-47 57.4% 2.9% 1.3% 2.8% 2.0% 33.6% 39 513 Ohio January-47 57.9% 0.7% 0.4% 2.9% 1.3% 36.8% 35 515 Iowa January-47 55.9% 1.0% 0.3% 1.3% 0.9% 40.6% 47 516 New York January-51 53.9% 1.1% 1.6% 2.4% 0.8% 40.3% 40 517 Michigan January-47 34.2% 1.0% 0.5% 1.4% 1.2% 61.7% 50 518 New York January-47 47.4% 1.0% 0.7% 1.9% 0.7% 48.3% 44 520 Arizona March-95 59.4% 1.0% 0.7% 2.9% 0.9% 35.1% 39 530 California November-97 35.9% 6.8% 0.3% 1.6% 1.4% 54.1% 50 540 Virginia July-95 52.5% 0.4% 1.4% 2.7% 1.0% 42.0% 43 541 Oregon November-95 41.0% 0.3% 1.5% 2.1% 1.1% 53.9% 60 551 New Jersey December-01 64.4% 0.7% 0.2% 3.6% 0.2% 30.9% 8 559 California November-98 40.6% 5.4% 0.4% 2.2% 1.6% 49.8% 33 561 Florida May-96 59.7% 3.9% 0.5% 4.1% 1.2% 30.7% 42 562 California January-97 48.6% 1.5% 0.4% 2.7% 2.4% 44.5% 45 563 Iowa March-01 35.7% 1.1% 0.2% 1.8% 0.5% 60.6% 50 567 Ohio January-02 11.7% 2.3% 0.1% 0.4% 0.2% 85.2% 29 570 Pennsylvania December-98 42.4% 0.8% 3.1% 3.5% 0.6% 49.5% 48 571 Virginia March-00 57.5% 0.5% 0.9% 3.1% 0.6% 37.4% 35 573 Missouri January-96 30.7% 0.9% 1.1% 1.8% 0.5% 65.0% 43 574 Indiana January-02 40.4% 1.5% 0.5% 1.6% 1.0% 55.2% 39 575 New Mexico October-07 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 99.9% 6 580 Oklahoma November-97 17.1% 2.3% 0.4% 1.1% 1.2% 77.9% 50 585 New York November-01 56.4% 0.9% 4.8% 1.1% 0.3% 36.4% 30 586 Michigan September-01 39.5% 1.2% 0.4% 2.0% 0.2% 56.7% 32 601 Mississippi January-47 32.5% 2.1% 0.9% 2.7% 0.8% 60.9% 43 602 Arizona January-47 66.2% 0.5% 0.8% 3.2% 1.0% 28.3% 30 603 New Hampshire January-47 48.9% 0.4% 0.9% 1.4% 0.6% 47.8% 45 605 South Dakota January-47 22.6% 0.5% 0.4% 1.0% 0.7% 74.8% 74 606 Kentucky January-55 26.9% 1.6% 0.9% 2.1% 0.5% 68.1% 38 607 New York January-54 37.9% 1.0% 0.4% 1.4% 0.3% 58.9% 28 608 Wisconsin January-55 39.4% 1.0% 1.3% 1.5% 1.1% 55.8% 68 609 New Jersey January-57 54.8% 0.6% 0.9% 2.3% 0.6% 40.8% 37 610 Pennsylvania January-94 58.1% 0.3% 2.2% 2.1% 0.6% 36.6% 51 612 Minnesota January-47 62.5% 0.6% 0.4% 2.8% 1.4% 32.3% 42 614 Ohio January-47 52.6% 2.1% 0.7% 2.2% 1.4% 41.1% 32 615 Tennessee January-54 54.9% 3.4% 0.5% 2.8% 1.3% 37.1% 39 616 Michigan January-47 46.3% 0.8% 0.9% 2.0% 1.3% 48.7% 34 617 Massachusetts January-47 60.2% 0.7% 3.2% 2.3% 0.9% 32.8% 35 618 Illinois January-47 33.1% 0.8% 0.6% 1.4% 1.0% 63.1% 48 619 California January-82 54.8% 2.8% 0.5% 3.3% 1.9% 36.8% 41 620 Kansas February-01 15.8% 5.9% 0.3% 1.0% 0.3% 76.7% 59 623 Arizona March-99 72.3% 1.2% 0.6% 4.0% 1.5% 20.3% 28 626 California June-97 52.3% 2.0% 0.3% 2.3% 1.5% 41.5% 47 630 Illinois August-96 50.5% 2.5% 0.4% 1.9% 0.8% 43.8% 33 631 New York November-99 48.3% 1.9% 1.0% 2.7% 0.4% 45.6% 39 636 Missouri May-99 39.2% 1.0% 1.2% 1.7% 0.6% 56.2% 26 641 Iowa July-00 28.3% 1.6% 0.7% 0.9% 0.3% 68.2% 59 646 New York July-99 72.4% 3.8% 1.1% 4.4% 0.6% 17.6% 35 650 California August-97 42.5% 4.8% 0.6% 1.8% 1.1% 49.1% 39 651 Minnesota July-98 64.6% 0.6% 0.7% 2.7% 1.1% 30.3% 47 660 Missouri October-97 14.2% 0.6% 0.8% 1.1% 0.5% 82.8% 47 661 California February-99 45.5% 4.5% 0.5% 2.4% 1.6% 45.5% 46 662 Mississippi April-99 25.7% 2.0% 0.8% 1.9% 0.6% 69.0% 50 670 Northern Marianas Is July-97 20.6% 0.4% 10.7% 0.8% 0.2% 67.2% 3 671 Guam July-97 30.3% 0.0% 12.7% 1.3% 1.0% 54.7% 6 678 Georgia January-98 47.2% 3.2% 1.0% 3.6% 0.7% 44.3% 52 682 Texas October-00 35.0% 4.1% 0.2% 2.4% 2.4% 55.9% 21 684 American Samoa October-04 63.5% 0.0% 6.9% 0.7% 7.6% 21.3% 1 701 North Dakota January-47 19.9% 0.6% 0.3% 0.8% 0.7% 77.7% 62 702 Nevada January-47 65.6% 4.2% 0.4% 4.3% 0.8% 24.6% 35 19 Table 6 Telephone Number Utilization by Area Code as of June 30, 2007 Area Code State/Jurisdiction Area Code Opened Assigned Intermediate Reserved Aging Admin Available OCNs 703 Virginia January-47 68.6% 0.4% 1.2% 2.5% 0.6% 26.7% 37 704 North Carolina January-47 52.3% 4.2% 0.6% 2.8% 1.4% 38.7% 43 706 Georgia May-92 44.2% 4.3% 0.7% 3.0% 1.0% 46.8% 67 707 California January-59 40.7% 5.5% 0.3% 1.6% 1.1% 50.8% 44 708 Illinois November-89 41.9% 1.6% 0.2% 2.0% 0.8% 53.5% 32 712 Iowa January-47 19.0% 1.1% 1.5% 0.9% 0.3% 77.2% 98 713 Texas January-47 58.3% 3.0% 1.0% 2.9% 1.0% 33.8% 38 714 California January-51 56.3% 2.1% 0.6% 2.8% 1.3% 36.8% 48 715 Wisconsin January-47 28.0% 1.1% 0.5% 1.0% 1.0% 68.3% 85 716 New York January-47 51.4% 1.0% 1.0% 2.3% 0.8% 43.5% 32 717 Pennsylvania January-47 56.6% 0.4% 1.2% 2.6% 0.8% 38.5% 36 718 New York September-84 65.7% 2.1% 2.0% 4.2% 1.0% 25.0% 36 719 Colorado March-88 51.4% 0.2% 0.5% 3.2% 1.1% 43.7% 43 720 Colorado June-98 60.6% 0.6% 0.6% 3.8% 1.2% 33.2% 26 724 Pennsylvania February-98 36.9% 0.6% 0.7% 2.4% 0.5% 58.9% 50 727 Florida July-98 57.4% 1.4% 0.8% 2.9% 2.8% 34.8% 38 731 Tennessee February-01 27.5% 1.5% 0.8% 1.8% 0.7% 67.7% 34 732 New Jersey June-97 52.2% 1.3% 1.7% 2.0% 0.6% 42.2% 36 734 Michigan December-97 42.1% 1.3% 0.7% 1.6% 0.6% 53.6% 45 740 Ohio December-97 34.2% 1.8% 0.3% 1.7% 0.8% 61.3% 46 754 Florida August-01 68.4% 0.0% 0.0% 3.5% 1.1% 27.1% 6 757 Virginia July-96 61.7% 0.4% 1.3% 3.4% 0.6% 32.5% 27 760 California March-97 48.7% 4.9% 0.5% 2.6% 1.9% 41.5% 57 763 Minnesota February-00 60.2% 0.4% 0.7% 2.7% 0.8% 35.2% 46 765 Indiana February-97 30.3% 1.8% 0.2% 1.4% 0.7% 65.6% 55 769 Mississippi March-05 6.6% 0.0% 0.7% 1.0% 1.8% 89.9% 11 770 Georgia August-95 56.6% 6.5% 0.5% 3.1% 0.7% 32.7% 43 772 Florida February-02 55.4% 2.3% 0.4% 3.6% 2.4% 36.0% 36 773 Illinois October-96 53.9% 1.5% 0.3% 3.5% 0.7% 40.1% 34 774 Massachusetts May-01 29.6% 0.5% 0.8% 1.3% 0.5% 67.4% 28 775 Nevada December-98 35.5% 23.0% 0.3% 1.4% 1.0% 38.7% 38 779 Illinois March-07 8.1% 0.0% 19.0% 0.7% 0.1% 72.1% 6 781 Massachusetts September-97 44.2% 1.3% 1.0% 1.8% 0.5% 51.2% 34 785 Kansas July-97 20.3% 5.2% 0.7% 1.0% 1.0% 71.7% 59 786 Florida March-98 63.1% 1.5% 0.6% 5.5% 0.9% 28.4% 36 787 Puerto Rico March-96 50.3% 0.9% 1.0% 3.8% 1.2% 42.8% 13 801 Utah January-47 65.9% 1.0% 0.6% 2.7% 1.2% 28.6% 30 802 Vermont January-47 46.5% 0.2% 1.2% 1.0% 1.0% 50.2% 30 803 South Carolina January-47 50.0% 4.6% 0.3% 2.9% 1.5% 40.7% 56 804 Virginia June-73 57.2% 0.5% 2.1% 2.9% 0.8% 36.6% 31 805 California January-57 45.7% 2.6% 0.5% 1.8% 1.9% 47.6% 49 806 Texas January-57 26.7% 2.8% 0.4% 1.6% 1.5% 67.0% 44 808 Hawaii January-57 56.3% 0.2% 0.5% 2.0% 3.3% 37.6% 19 810 Michigan December-93 35.5% 1.2% 0.3% 2.1% 2.2% 58.7% 34 812 Indiana January-47 35.5% 1.5% 0.5% 2.2% 1.2% 59.0% 56 813 Florida January-53 60.8% 1.1% 0.9% 3.1% 2.8% 31.3% 42 814 Pennsylvania January-47 42.0% 0.6% 0.5% 1.5% 0.8% 54.6% 41 815 Illinois January-47 41.3% 2.2% 0.6% 1.4% 1.0% 53.5% 61 816 Missouri January-47 46.2% 2.6% 0.5% 2.8% 0.9% 47.1% 45 817 Texas January-53 48.6% 2.4% 0.9% 2.4% 2.4% 43.3% 44 818 California January-84 55.3% 2.5% 0.6% 2.6% 1.4% 37.6% 47 828 North Carolina March-98 44.6% 1.5% 0.4% 2.5% 1.2% 49.8% 40 830 Texas July-97 22.6% 0.9% 0.3% 1.2% 0.8% 74.1% 43 831 California July-98 36.4% 9.3% 0.5% 1.6% 1.9% 50.3% 36 832 Texas January-99 60.5% 2.2% 0.8% 4.1% 1.0% 31.6% 36 843 South Carolina March-98 47.1% 2.5% 0.4% 2.7% 1.8% 45.5% 45 845 New York June-00 48.8% 2.1% 1.0% 2.0% 0.6% 45.5% 48 847 Illinois January-96 60.0% 2.0% 0.7% 2.0% 0.9% 34.4% 33 848 New Jersey December-01 54.5% 0.1% 0.1% 3.7% 0.1% 41.6% 13 850 Florida June-97 41.7% 4.1% 0.8% 3.6% 1.0% 48.8% 45 20 Table 6 Telephone Number Utilization by Area Code as of June 30, 2007 Area Code State/Jurisdiction Area Code Opened Assigned Intermediate Reserved Aging Admin Available OCNs 856 New Jersey June-99 43.4% 0.6% 0.9% 1.9% 0.5% 52.8% 35 857 Massachusetts May-01 36.1% 1.1% 0.4% 2.6% 1.1% 58.8% 25 858 California June-99 51.9% 3.2% 0.8% 2.1% 2.2% 39.8% 38 859 Kentucky April-00 44.5% 1.6% 0.7% 2.3% 0.5% 50.4% 41 860 Connecticut August-95 47.7% 1.5% 0.5% 1.9% 1.2% 47.2% 29 862 New Jersey December-01 50.1% 0.9% 0.4% 4.5% 0.9% 43.2% 26 863 Florida September-99 43.4% 1.2% 1.0% 2.8% 1.7% 50.0% 39 864 South Carolina December-95 49.6% 3.3% 1.7% 2.8% 1.2% 41.5% 34 865 Tennessee November-99 52.0% 3.7% 1.0% 2.7% 1.0% 39.5% 28 870 Arkansas April-97 23.1% 4.8% 0.7% 1.8% 0.5% 69.0% 41 901 Tennessee January-47 58.9% 3.4% 0.8% 4.1% 0.9% 31.9% 30 903 Texas November-90 34.9% 3.8% 0.5% 2.1% 2.2% 56.5% 55 904 Florida July-65 56.3% 3.4% 0.5% 3.8% 1.5% 34.5% 40 906 Michigan January-61 14.9% 0.6% 0.2% 0.7% 1.3% 82.4% 24 907 Alaska January-57 25.7% 0.2% 0.8% 1.2% 0.4% 71.7% 40 908 New Jersey November-90 42.8% 0.7% 0.9% 1.8% 0.9% 53.0% 39 909 California November-92 57.7% 2.6% 0.8% 3.0% 1.5% 34.5% 46 910 North Carolina November-93 41.3% 2.3% 0.9% 3.1% 0.8% 51.6% 39 912 Georgia January-54 41.9% 4.3% 1.6% 3.2% 0.8% 48.3% 44 913 Kansas January-47 51.2% 1.5% 0.6% 2.1% 1.8% 42.7% 40 914 New York January-47 49.1% 1.5% 1.3% 1.9% 0.7% 45.4% 42 915 Texas January-47 54.4% 2.4% 0.4% 2.9% 5.4% 34.5% 28 916 California January-47 56.4% 2.6% 0.3% 2.6% 1.6% 36.5% 45 917 New York January-92 54.3% 0.7% 0.4% 2.1% 0.3% 42.2% 28 918 Oklahoma January-53 37.1% 3.4% 0.5% 2.0% 1.1% 55.9% 62 919 North Carolina January-54 54.4% 4.1% 0.6% 2.6% 1.3% 37.0% 39 920 Wisconsin July-97 33.3% 0.6% 1.5% 1.4% 0.5% 62.6% 60 925 California March-98 41.7% 5.2% 0.4% 1.7% 1.4% 49.7% 37 928 Arizona June-01 38.4% 5.5% 0.7% 1.7% 0.5% 53.2% 49 931 Tennessee September-97 33.8% 1.4% 0.9% 2.1% 0.7% 61.1% 43 936 Texas February-00 30.2% 3.7% 0.2% 1.5% 0.6% 63.8% 34 937 Ohio September-96 39.8% 1.5% 0.4% 1.7% 0.6% 56.0% 40 939 Puerto Rico September-01 36.1% 0.1% 1.8% 4.6% 0.1% 57.3% 8 940 Texas May-97 28.7% 2.1% 0.2% 1.8% 4.2% 63.0% 49 941 Florida May-95 54.4% 1.4% 0.7% 3.2% 1.9% 38.3% 40 947 Michigan September-02 75.6% 20.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.4% 2 949 California April-98 55.8% 2.6% 0.8% 2.5% 1.7% 36.5% 45 951 California July-04 66.4% 2.9% 0.5% 3.3% 1.7% 25.2% 40 952 Minnesota February-00 55.4% 0.8% 0.5% 2.6% 0.5% 40.1% 42 954 Florida September-95 54.6% 4.7% 0.5% 4.4% 1.2% 34.6% 40 956 Texas July-97 47.7% 2.9% 0.5% 3.5% 3.0% 42.4% 32 970 Colorado April-95 43.6% 0.2% 0.4% 2.3% 1.0% 52.5% 58 971 Oregon October-00 45.2% 3.2% 0.3% 3.4% 0.5% 47.5% 25 972 Texas September-96 52.4% 1.8% 0.8% 2.7% 2.1% 40.2% 42 973 New Jersey June-97 55.4% 0.8% 1.7% 2.3% 0.7% 39.1% 41 978 Massachusetts September-97 45.9% 0.9% 1.5% 1.6% 0.5% 49.5% 37 979 Texas February-00 28.5% 2.5% 0.7% 1.9% 1.9% 64.6% 40 980 North Carolina April-01 62.2% 1.4% 0.2% 2.2% 0.7% 33.2% 13 985 Louisiana February-01 42.0% 1.3% 2.1% 2.8% 1.2% 50.7% 31 989 Michigan April-01 28.1% 0.9% 0.3% 1.4% 1.0% 68.4% 43 Source: Numbering Resource Utilization/Forecast Reports data filed with NeuStar, Inc. as of December 31, 2007. Area code information if from NeuStar, Inc.'s website. 21 Table 7 Assigned, Aging and Available Telephone Numbers by Area Code (in thousands except OCNs) Wireline (ILECs and CLECs) Wireless (Cellular/PCS) Area Code Assigned Aging Available OCNs Assigned Aging Available OCNs 201 2,396 107 1,822 34 1,451 54 406 5 202 3,097 72 634 26 1,008 64 190 5 203 2,477 89 2,281 22 1,529 61 249 5 205 1,634 87 1,616 23 1,309 83 497 12 206 2,042 71 944 25 1,295 61 154 5 207 1,566 52 1,872 39 901 59 552 7 208 1,702 64 2,253 41 1,052 70 858 18 209 1,294 58 1,738 24 1,116 51 503 10 210 1,850 80 909 23 1,563 85 272 7 212 5,677 263 1,113 25 64 5 1 4 213 1,178 66 950 35 641 58 353 6 214 2,214 108 1,415 36 2,000 112 337 6 215 3,335 114 1,614 26 1,293 63 273 5 216 1,362 59 1,259 20 880 57 447 7 217 1,047 39 2,587 32 875 35 579 11 218 668 25 2,978 57 463 25 520 8 219 684 34 1,009 18 601 25 291 9 224 209 8 512 21 301 16 232 6 225 884 44 677 18 674 53 259 8 228 379 22 815 13 340 30 291 9 229 649 31 1,347 21 505 49 628 9 231 625 24 2,206 25 462 29 421 9 234 10 0 106 8 12 0 59 4 239 966 78 543 15 769 44 362 8 240 986 41 1,369 32 1,061 60 262 8 248 1,877 99 2,445 27 1,301 40 330 6 251 686 29 1,039 23 602 41 439 8 252 1,064 90 2,318 17 784 56 687 12 253 1,213 77 1,093 24 822 45 124 5 254 604 55 1,790 25 638 35 466 12 256 1,335 63 1,933 24 1,415 76 1,109 12 260 643 25 1,053 19 486 19 563 8 262 1,170 47 1,993 27 646 22 306 8 267 1,033 50 2,365 31 1,057 93 412 5 269 722 29 1,396 27 568 37 475 12 270 1,219 75 3,452 34 842 67 971 14 276 375 38 857 19 267 18 299 12 281 2,432 173 2,596 30 1,284 60 199 6 301 3,353 104 1,853 27 1,241 37 156 8 302 1,754 69 1,300 28 759 41 124 5 303 3,826 163 1,524 26 1,392 37 71 8 304 1,425 42 2,692 23 1,145 79 710 14 305 2,888 204 1,091 27 1,217 71 282 6 307 558 24 1,430 28 431 38 1,056 13 308 259 19 1,864 37 252 11 568 7 309 1,291 58 2,506 38 693 27 376 10 310 3,149 121 1,230 37 1,978 95 236 5 312 2,484 68 1,393 25 733 38 617 6 313 1,268 80 1,496 23 1,193 114 729 6 314 1,920 92 1,292 22 1,449 63 327 6 315 1,337 53 2,531 31 1,020 49 347 7 316 546 24 830 12 545 23 101 9 317 1,818 108 1,979 30 1,387 70 208 7 318 1,063 57 1,808 23 895 80 1,075 10 319 1,191 42 1,800 49 535 25 427 8 320 555 32 2,201 51 335 17 336 9 321 941 34 684 27 827 60 165 8 323 1,819 100 1,778 33 1,608 129 444 6 325 423 17 1,083 17 293 17 214 11 330 1,774 66 2,395 28 1,518 73 602 10 22 Table 7 Assigned, Aging and Available Telephone Numbers by Area Code (in thousands except OCNs) Wireline (ILECs and CLECs) Wireless (Cellular/PCS) Area Code Assigned Aging Available OCNs Assigned Aging Available OCNs 331 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 334 962 68 1,944 36 805 69 1,090 12 336 1,855 100 1,914 36 1,323 84 495 11 337 893 46 1,333 22 754 63 830 7 339 44 1 190 11 82 2 113 4 340 66 26 52 1 93 11 25 3 347 533 29 517 28 2,037 196 503 6 351 0 0 0 0 2 0 8 1 352 1,141 82 1,143 21 1,003 66 529 10 360 2,123 89 2,300 46 1,249 62 489 7 361 579 31 1,225 20 605 42 1,059 9 386 688 49 773 25 589 44 300 9 401 1,862 56 1,501 15 858 42 212 5 402 1,720 44 3,265 39 1,057 60 737 11 404 2,162 99 914 28 2,014 123 147 8 405 1,344 56 1,798 23 1,134 59 318 11 406 922 38 3,324 34 647 43 1,145 7 407 2,054 163 1,473 30 1,435 105 325 8 408 2,472 108 1,553 29 1,407 50 373 6 409 528 33 1,051 21 488 33 279 8 410 3,614 135 1,593 29 1,145 42 160 6 412 1,722 94 2,195 22 1,112 43 346 6 413 1,770 41 1,574 21 585 31 140 7 414 1,222 63 993 16 863 49 184 6 415 2,211 99 2,112 32 1,158 43 291 6 417 822 45 2,225 33 683 43 622 11 419 1,388 60 2,813 46 1,160 51 790 11 423 1,252 75 1,584 28 1,111 79 606 11 424 54 1 212 22 44 11 213 6 425 1,716 65 1,428 24 845 38 124 5 430 1 0 31 4 4 1 14 3 432 391 15 952 17 338 22 269 7 434 676 56 918 16 485 32 290 9 435 613 21 1,605 33 415 22 777 14 440 1,358 46 1,981 24 955 31 333 8 443 1,329 65 2,403 32 1,552 87 514 7 469 505 27 994 34 649 50 123 6 478 600 42 790 22 487 39 414 9 479 634 27 1,220 24 585 39 432 7 480 2,103 84 659 21 1,096 64 139 7 484 1,240 40 2,949 35 763 49 279 8 501 1,151 38 1,459 20 724 53 577 8 502 1,248 64 1,240 18 1,073 72 413 9 503 2,751 118 2,275 40 1,571 75 247 6 504 1,114 51 1,069 13 927 75 337 6 505 1,948 75 2,199 33 1,509 86 844 14 507 705 27 3,478 69 514 30 648 12 508 3,082 96 2,258 28 1,269 44 237 5 509 1,367 72 1,944 35 978 52 645 11 510 1,859 96 1,654 24 1,328 56 547 6 512 2,218 92 1,449 27 1,362 61 275 8 513 1,977 70 1,367 24 1,323 93 359 7 515 1,735 35 1,349 33 621 22 316 11 516 1,671 87 1,294 30 1,402 51 522 6 517 958 30 2,167 38 684 37 454 9 518 1,447 54 2,050 29 982 45 233 8 520 1,446 53 810 27 984 67 367 8 530 1,325 63 2,504 36 862 35 459 10 540 1,484 62 1,243 30 1,117 72 715 9 541 1,451 78 2,471 44 1,088 54 767 12 23 Table 7 Assigned, Aging and Available Telephone Numbers by Area Code (in thousands except OCNs) Wireline (ILECs and CLECs) Wireless (Cellular/PCS) Area Code Assigned Aging Available OCNs Assigned Aging Available OCNs 551 2 0 2 4 140 8 66 4 559 1,188 60 2,000 23 1,096 66 289 6 561 1,842 105 816 29 1,128 69 318 7 562 1,405 71 1,525 31 1,176 74 398 6 563 626 32 1,364 41 345 17 246 8 567 62 0 764 20 62 4 144 9 570 1,379 133 1,984 33 1,032 59 709 12 571 246 13 361 27 535 29 130 5 573 847 49 2,717 29 776 44 622 10 574 630 22 983 26 506 23 496 9 575 0 0 206 5 0 0 27 1 580 535 26 3,671 29 529 32 1,183 15 585 1,475 13 1,090 19 827 31 239 9 586 719 47 1,027 23 696 25 506 6 601 1,285 92 3,158 26 1,108 106 1,078 12 602 2,363 86 753 20 1,565 101 373 7 603 2,253 52 2,457 32 1,008 42 624 9 605 736 31 3,392 64 546 26 875 9 606 686 32 2,248 23 552 64 879 13 607 695 26 1,626 19 528 21 243 8 608 1,085 38 1,929 54 851 34 643 10 609 1,803 58 1,755 27 1,438 76 388 5 610 3,066 104 2,068 38 1,253 45 188 7 612 1,202 56 826 32 1,291 54 223 7 614 1,929 73 1,827 23 1,222 56 219 6 615 2,014 91 1,745 27 1,315 75 169 8 616 959 35 1,185 21 756 39 264 10 617 3,279 130 2,011 26 1,358 45 279 5 618 1,012 40 2,877 33 874 40 507 11 619 1,611 107 1,045 27 1,615 87 410 6 620 465 33 3,174 41 355 18 803 15 623 822 40 251 18 513 34 91 7 626 1,550 58 1,371 33 1,239 64 323 6 630 2,302 96 1,980 23 1,395 46 930 6 631 1,824 115 2,312 29 1,054 43 209 6 636 877 38 1,451 18 343 16 215 6 641 940 28 2,302 47 301 13 690 11 646 1,381 44 415 30 2,072 167 425 5 650 1,790 84 2,327 25 784 27 233 6 651 1,572 65 880 37 714 30 91 7 660 296 28 2,738 33 240 14 397 12 661 1,177 62 1,389 31 988 54 217 7 662 868 45 2,999 36 689 71 1,120 11 670 18 1 114 1 32 1 47 2 671 95 0 253 3 93 8 86 3 678 1,672 148 2,848 36 1,748 113 321 12 682 83 2 287 14 167 15 92 6 684 0 0 0 0 19 0 6 1 701 615 20 3,203 51 481 25 1,071 9 702 2,005 150 973 25 1,639 90 167 5 703 3,811 152 1,597 28 1,494 39 93 5 704 2,498 112 2,104 33 1,582 103 500 7 706 1,750 93 2,137 45 1,372 115 896 15 707 1,605 61 2,398 28 1,001 40 387 9 708 1,503 89 2,015 22 1,082 38 791 6 712 565 27 2,879 84 326 15 733 13 713 2,922 131 1,592 26 1,349 78 66 6 714 2,327 113 1,552 34 1,950 101 399 6 715 985 29 2,636 66 731 35 1,473 15 716 1,334 63 1,470 20 1,007 44 324 9 24 Table 7 Assigned, Aging and Available Telephone Numbers by Area Code (in thousands except OCNs) Wireline (ILECs and CLECs) Wireless (Cellular/PCS) Area Code Assigned Aging Available OCNs Assigned Aging Available OCNs 717 2,001 78 1,774 24 1,410 72 341 6 718 3,982 255 1,810 29 921 56 57 6 719 1,280 82 1,185 28 754 47 399 10 720 1,025 53 747 18 940 71 322 6 724 1,330 113 3,181 37 983 39 383 11 727 1,453 59 978 24 979 48 253 8 731 465 25 1,364 21 389 30 587 9 732 2,612 98 2,285 27 1,285 50 264 5 734 1,284 55 2,443 35 1,055 35 285 7 740 1,105 43 2,532 30 884 53 712 13 754 30 0 11 3 110 7 44 3 757 2,216 119 1,149 15 1,459 84 460 7 760 1,876 95 2,006 38 1,560 87 379 10 763 1,080 51 792 36 385 16 35 7 765 960 42 2,625 41 740 36 903 11 769 2 0 94 5 10 2 62 6 770 3,116 189 1,794 28 1,239 48 70 10 772 677 36 350 23 410 27 245 8 773 1,858 121 1,616 23 1,850 122 833 7 774 197 5 922 22 414 22 468 5 775 934 29 1,291 26 553 30 282 9 779 3 0 25 4 1 0 13 2 781 2,548 108 3,080 25 678 23 360 5 785 645 32 3,156 43 458 24 722 12 786 586 41 542 27 1,221 104 242 6 787 1,438 27 1,852 5 2,103 242 1,132 7 801 3,251 123 1,634 21 1,533 75 198 6 802 1,768 21 2,059 21 391 24 250 5 803 1,712 70 1,458 41 1,173 97 566 12 804 1,823 86 1,252 19 1,110 60 347 7 805 1,756 67 2,010 34 1,231 49 539 7 806 730 42 2,619 31 604 35 690 10 808 1,623 44 1,205 10 1,130 55 221 6 810 599 50 1,520 23 698 28 310 8 812 1,193 82 2,600 40 975 55 884 11 813 1,939 82 939 29 1,238 71 317 8 814 1,329 41 2,330 24 850 34 469 14 815 1,610 56 3,039 47 1,175 40 423 9 816 1,396 95 2,098 29 1,113 59 262 11 817 2,124 120 2,615 35 1,486 55 160 6 818 2,344 111 1,430 33 1,700 82 403 6 828 1,136 60 1,601 29 847 50 487 9 830 477 23 1,611 26 353 22 443 12 831 709 31 1,217 23 535 22 177 6 832 677 22 960 28 1,889 152 323 6 843 1,633 78 1,902 33 1,259 88 664 10 845 1,421 60 1,607 37 835 34 296 7 847 3,159 123 1,959 23 1,375 25 381 6 848 4 0 19 9 121 8 76 4 850 1,286 121 1,951 27 1,178 92 761 12 856 1,452 57 2,021 26 634 32 187 5 857 111 3 289 20 186 18 195 5 858 1,386 56 1,120 26 550 21 139 6 859 1,061 35 1,645 24 844 63 396 12 860 2,041 79 2,760 19 1,355 56 295 6 862 45 3 100 21 280 26 180 5 863 770 43 856 24 625 42 550 10 864 1,290 64 1,308 26 1,063 67 397 6 865 888 45 829 18 734 41 187 7 870 705 54 2,945 30 694 52 1,117 9 25 Table 7 Assigned, Aging and Available Telephone Numbers by Area Code (in thousands except OCNs) Wireline (ILECs and CLECs) Wireless (Cellular/PCS) Area Code Assigned Aging Available OCNs Assigned Aging Available OCNs 901 1,423 84 860 20 1,042 86 131 7 903 1,121 71 2,612 35 1,057 60 660 14 904 1,650 98 1,115 25 1,231 95 348 9 906 230 9 1,472 18 180 9 790 6 907 941 41 3,209 25 461 26 677 13 908 1,385 63 2,383 30 1,164 42 603 5 909 1,677 80 814 32 1,452 85 338 6 910 1,238 102 2,017 27 1,100 73 758 9 912 822 60 1,071 30 727 59 628 11 913 1,033 45 1,165 27 697 27 139 9 914 1,540 68 1,459 32 961 31 564 6 915 673 30 494 15 562 34 176 9 916 2,151 106 1,534 31 1,431 57 300 7 917 634 17 265 19 2,810 113 487 5 918 1,318 67 2,792 45 1,060 61 620 14 919 2,245 100 1,753 26 1,481 75 456 10 920 1,181 42 2,153 41 908 45 1,140 14 925 1,488 64 1,995 23 815 29 304 6 928 878 35 1,435 32 691 35 657 13 931 657 37 1,687 28 637 42 492 11 936 545 22 1,091 22 360 23 220 7 937 1,340 45 2,478 27 1,060 59 473 10 939 4 0 105 3 93 12 48 5 940 503 33 1,632 33 408 24 336 13 941 956 50 635 25 689 35 324 9 947 0 0 16 1 499 0 13 1 949 1,672 82 1,133 31 860 32 153 6 951 1,212 58 668 29 1,293 65 190 6 952 1,294 64 1,013 33 312 12 34 6 954 2,180 165 1,344 29 1,474 96 285 6 956 855 63 772 21 1,079 79 578 8 970 1,308 69 1,732 41 828 43 783 13 971 104 10 265 19 221 14 76 6 972 3,091 162 2,495 33 792 34 73 6 973 3,003 121 2,230 32 1,267 58 245 5 978 2,430 80 3,035 28 879 33 322 5 979 476 26 1,090 23 386 21 279 9 980 84 0 46 8 106 6 55 5 985 683 38 914 18 575 46 491 10 989 779 36 2,326 29 658 34 777 12 Source: Numbering Resource Utilization/Forecast Reports data filed with NeuStar, Inc. as of December 31, 2007. 26 Table 8 Pooled Thousands-blocks as of June 30, 2007 ILECs and CLECs Cellular/PCS Pooled Thousands- Total Thousands- Percent of total blocks Pooled Thousands- Total Thousands- Percent of total blocks State blocks blocks reported 1 that are pooled blocks blocks reported 1 that are pooled Alabama 493 9,804 5.03 1,227 7,252 16.92 Alaska 0 10 0.00 10 21 47.62 Arizona 1,033 11,312 9.13 1,728 6,639 26.03 Arkansas 494 5,772 8.56 406 3,542 11.46 California 10,677 95,200 11.22 12,723 42,332 30.06 Colorado 1,121 11,925 9.40 916 5,439 16.84 Connecticut 997 10,261 9.72 1,004 3,588 27.98 Delaware 370 3,225 11.47 289 937 30.84 District of Columbia 295 3,976 7.42 444 1,280 34.69 Florida 4,381 40,121 10.92 5,987 23,114 25.90 Georgia 1,489 21,066 7.07 2,095 11,087 18.90 Guam 0 0 NM 0 0 NM Hawaii 105 3,007 3.49 301 1,424 21.14 Idaho 216 3,085 7.00 286 1,794 15.94 Illinois 5,737 35,040 16.37 3,767 16,540 22.78 Indiana 1,237 14,693 8.42 1,381 7,611 18.14 Iowa 387 5,504 7.03 660 4,135 15.96 Kansas 506 7,475 6.77 737 3,488 21.13 Kentucky 538 10,720 5.02 1,007 5,424 18.57 Louisiana 723 9,695 7.46 1,360 6,210 21.90 Maine 477 2,511 19.00 372 1,491 24.95 Maryland 1,822 17,200 10.59 1,903 6,396 29.75 Massachusetts 3,477 28,353 12.26 2,055 7,878 26.09 Michigan 3,283 28,376 11.57 3,188 13,915 22.91 Minnesota 1,216 13,809 8.81 951 6,023 15.79 Mississippi 472 7,126 6.62 493 3,997 12.33 Missouri 1,519 16,873 9.00 1,510 7,213 20.93 Montana 213 1,941 10.97 46 1,191 3.86 Nebraska 154 3,359 4.58 285 2,383 11.96 Nevada 420 6,090 6.90 829 2,744 30.21 New Hampshire 750 4,560 16.45 350 1,688 20.73 New Jersey 3,402 26,725 12.73 2,777 10,665 26.04 New Mexico 214 3,177 6.74 499 2,153 23.18 New York 6,185 46,962 13.17 8,144 22,104 36.84 North Carolina 2,032 20,899 9.72 2,022 11,204 18.05 North Dakota 43 1,271 3.38 65 754 8.62 Northern Marianas 0 0 NM 0 0 NM Ohio 2,613 28,202 9.27 2,261 13,903 16.26 Oklahoma 548 7,779 7.04 903 4,223 21.38 Oregon 722 8,105 8.91 1,057 4,016 26.32 Pennsylvania 4,493 35,431 12.68 3,814 13,389 28.49 Puerto Rico 153 3,134 4.88 546 3,599 15.17 Rhode Island 245 3,493 7.01 287 1,120 25.63 South Carolina 815 8,421 9.68 910 5,326 17.09 South Dakota 33 1,161 2.84 75 890 8.43 Tennessee 1,381 13,814 10.00 1,421 7,610 18.67 Texas 4,271 54,416 7.85 8,205 27,325 30.03 Utah 1,116 6,345 17.59 508 2,757 18.43 Vermont 234 3,288 7.12 201 680 29.56 Virgin Islands 0 0 NM 0 0 NM Virginia 1,790 17,444 10.26 2,371 9,212 25.74 Washington 1,397 16,965 8.23 1,540 7,121 21.63 West Virginia 389 3,395 11.46 351 1,949 18.01 Wisconsin 942 11,206 8.41 702 6,845 10.26 Wyoming 89 1,071 8.31 25 776 3.22 Totals 77,709 754,793 10.30 86,994 364,397 23.87 Source: Pooling data provided by NeuStar. 1 Includes only those thousands-blocks in rate centers with pooling. NM - Not meaningful. 27 Table 9 Increased Utilization and Telephone Numbers Saved due to Thousands-Block Pooling as of June 30, 2007 Numbers Numbers Needed Utilization had Increased Utilization Numbers Assigned Total Percent had Whole NXXs Whole NXXs of Thousands-blocks Saved Due Carrier Type OCNs to End-users 1 Numbers 1 Utilized Been Issued Been Issued due to Pooling to Pooling ILEC 202 4,740,786 7,334,000 64.6% 24,950,000 19.0% 45.6% 17,616,000 Cellular/PCS 540 64,352,439 86,439,000 74.4% 143,290,000 44.9% 29.5% 56,851,000 CLEC 1,102 26,371,710 63,966,000 41.2% 317,310,000 8.3% 32.9% 253,344,000 Total 1,844 95,474,911 157,749,000 60.5% 485,560,000 19.7% 40.9% 327,811,000 1 Includes only those telephone numbers in pooled blocks on which carriers reported utilization data. Source: Numbering Resource Utilization/Forecast Reports data filed with NeuStar, Inc. as of December 31, 2007. NeuStar also provided data on Thousands-block pooling. Table 10 Number Utilization for Specialized Nongeographic Area Codes as of June 30, 2007 Assigned Intermediate Reserved Aging Admin Available 1 Total Unique Specialized Area Codes (Thousands of telephone numbers) NXXs 3,170 545 15 515 29 1,886 6,160 613 51.5% 8.9% 0.2% 8.4% 0.5% 30.6% 100.0% 316 20 1 1 0 512 850 85 37.1% 2.4% 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 60.2% 100.0% 1 Includes only those telephone numbers in blocks on which carriers reported utilization data. Source: Numbering Resource Utilization/Forecast Reports data filed with NeuStar, Inc. as of December 31, 2007. 500 900 28 Figure 1 ILECs: Average Utilization Rates by Number of Thousands-Blocks Held in a Rate Center 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Number of thousands-blocks held in a single rate center Note: number of thousands-blocks has been rounded to the nearest ten. 29 Figure 2 Cellular/PCS Carriers: Average Utilization Rates by Number of Thousands-Blocks Held in a Rate Center 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Number of thousands-blocks held in a single rate center Note: number of thousands-blocks has been rounded to the nearest ten. 30 Figure 3 CLECs: Average Utilization Rates by Number of Thousands-Blocks Held in a Rate Center 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Number of thousands-blocks held in a single rate center Note: number of thousands-blocks has been rounded to the nearest ten. 31 Figure 4 Paging Carriers: Average Utilization Rates by Number of Thousands-Blocks Held in a Rate Center 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Number of thousands-blocks held in a single rate center Note: number of thousands-blocks has been rounded to the nearest ten. 32 Table 11 Alternate Sources of NPA-NXX Assignments NPA-NXXs that appear in NRUF NANPA LERG NXXs All Three Databases NRUF, NANPA and LERG 999135,234 Two of the Three Databases NRUF and NANPA 99580 NANPA and LERG 992,856 NRUF and LERG 123 Only One Database NRUF 9 491 NANPA 9 673 LERG 9 64 Total NXXs in Database. 136,428 139,343 138,277 Sources: NANPA's NPA-NXX; assignments database as of July 1, 2007; the LERG, as of July 1, 2007; NRUF June 30, 2007 database (NRUF forms filed as of December 31, 2007). 1 Includes only telephone numbers in NXXs assigned to carriers and therefore available for assignment to customers. Does not include any numbers in NXXs that have not yet been assigned to carriers. Table 12 Utilization over Time Carrier Type ILEC Cellular/PCS CLEC Paging Overall December 2000 52.1% 46.2% 9.8% 26.3% 40.1% June 2001 52.1% 45.3% 10.9% 24.8% 39.6% December 2001 52.5% 47.2% 11.4% 20.2% 39.7% June 2002 52.2% 47.5% 10.4% 17.6% 39.2% December 2002 52.2% 47.8% 10.6% 17.0% 39.2% June 2003 53.2% 49.0% 10.7% 14.3% 39.9% December 2003 52.6% 50.6% 10.6% 13.0% 39.5% June 2004 54.5% 53.9% 14.8% 10.9% 42.3% December 2004 53.5% 54.6% 16.4% 10.3% 42.2% June 2005 52.8% 56.9% 18.1% 9.9% 43.0% December 2005 52.4% 59.1% 19.7% 8.6% 43.4% June 2006 50.2% 60.4% 20.5% 8.1% 43.3% December 2006 49.3% 63.3% 21.5% 8.0% 44.2% June 2007 50.8% 64.8% 25.4% 7.5% 46.7% Source: Numbering Resource Utilization/Forecast Reports filed with NeuStar, Inc. Note: Starting with June 2006 data, where an RBOC has acquired a carrier with CLEC services in the RBOC's operating region, the numbering resources of the acquired CLEC that are in the RBOC's operating region are counted as ILEC resources. Where the acquired CLEC provides services outside of the acquirer's operating region, the numbering resources are treated as CLEC resources. 33 Table 13 NPA-NXX Assignments, Returns and Net Assignments NPA-NXXs NPA-NXXs Net Quarter Assigned Returned Assignments 1998 Q3 1,554 0 1,554 1998 Q4 2,375 0 2,375 1999 Q1 3,019 0 3,019 1999 Q2 4,693 95 4,598 1999 Q3 4,202 164 4,038 1999 Q4 3,993 545 3,448 2000 Q1 4,552 775 3,777 FCC Issued First NRO Order 1 2000 Q2 4,126 923 3,203 2000 Q3 3,497 818 2,679 2000 Q4 3,235 1,146 2,089 FCC Issued Second NRO Order 1 2001 Q1 3,095 1,725 1,370 2001 Q2 3,136 1,320 1,816 2001 Q3 2,112 1,611 501 2001 Q4 2,055 1,402 653 FCC Issued Third NRO Order 1 2002 Q1 1,731 1,199 532 2002 Q2 2,392 1,260 1,132 2002 Q3 1,954 587 1,367 2002 Q4 1,101 558 543 2003 Q1 897 533 364 2003 Q2 1,007 431 576 FCC Issued Fourth NRO Order 1 2003 Q3 802 580 222 2003 Q4 539 244 295 2004 Q1 888 182 706 2004 Q2 728 323 405 2004 Q3 748 160 588 2004 Q4 761 319 442 2005 Q1 1,113 249 864 2005 Q2 778 330 448 2005 Q3 716 246 470 2005 Q4 705 203 502 2006 Q1 1,165 194 971 2006 Q2 944 175 769 2006 Q3 883 137 746 2006 Q4 987 188 799 2007 Q1 1,117 170 947 2007 Q2 768 195 573 2007 Q3 747 173 574 2007 Q4 584 211 373 1 See text footnote 2 for full citation. Source: NPA-NXX data from NeuStar, Inc. NPA-NXX Assigments, Returns, and Net Assignments 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 1998 Q3 1998 Q4 1999 Q1 1999 Q2 1999 Q3 1999 Q4 2000 Q1 2000 Q2 2000 Q3 2000 Q4 2001 Q1 2001 Q2 2001 Q3 2001 Q4 2002 Q1 2002 Q2 2002 Q3 2002 Q4 2003 Q1 2003 Q2 2003 Q3 2003 Q4 2004 Q1 2004 Q2 2004 Q3 2004 Q4 2005 Q1 2005 Q2 2005 Q3 2005 Q4 2006 Q1 2006 Q2 2006 Q3 2006 Q4 2007 Q1 2007 Q2 2007 Q3 2007 Q4 Assignments Returns Net Assignments 34 Table 14 Telephone Number Porting Activity Since Wireless Pooling Started 1 Wireline to Wireline to Wireless to Wireless to Month Wireline Wireless Wireless 2 Wireline Total (thousands) (thousands) 2003 November 3 561 2 61 1 625 December 638 12 756 1 1,407 2004 January 809 24 713 1 1,547 February 711 65 591 2 1,369 March 776 79 632 1 1,488 April 718 49 613 1 1,381 May 756 73 689 1 1,519 June 789 165 873 2 1,829 July 656 143 806 3 1,608 August 4 786 95 824 * 1,705 September 701 43 787 1 1,532 October 899 97 738 1 1,735 November 736 131 736 2 1,605 December 692 86 910 1 1,689 2005 January 698 53 808 2 1,561 February 936 81 735 1 1,753 March 1,257 74 815 2 2,148 April 959 55 797 1 1,812 May 892 56 862 1 1,811 June 1,064 38 1,153 2 2,257 July 1,006 62 982 2 2,052 August 1,203 42 933 2 2,179 September 1,114 31 835 2 1,982 October 991 37 866 2 1,896 November 1,023 29 826 2 1,880 December 1,079 22 1,031 2 2,135 2006 January 1,242 37 879 4 2,162 February 1,347 22 807 3 2,178 March 1,422 19 876 2 2,319 April 1,095 19 747 2 1,863 May 1,213 46 813 2 2,073 June 1,010 30 862 2 1,904 July 960 55 866 1 1,883 August 1,111 61 953 2 2,127 September 941 36 839 2 1,818 October 1,049 33 823 2 1,908 November 907 40 812 3 1,762 December 977 41 993 2 2,013 2007 January 902 31 1,021 2 1,956 Februar 864 45 1,049 2 1,960 March 1,035 40 1,155 2 2,232 April 926 33 1,112 2 2,072 May 973 45 1,083 3 2,103 June 1,026 82 1,095 3 2,207 July 1,288 124 1,136 3 2,550 August 1,440 149 1,135 5 2,728 September 1,235 90 1,012 3 2,340 October 1,539 93 1,027 2 2,661 November 1,302 111 1,187 3 2,603 December 2,500 53 1,274 2 3,829 Cumulative Total 50,753 2,980 43,929 97 97,758 * Indicates a number between 1 and 499. Source: Raw data from Local Number Portability Administrator (NeuStar, Inc.). Rollups performed by the Industry Analysis and Technology Division staff, Wireline Competition Bureau. 1 Monthly figures include numbers that were ported back to the original carrier, or where the subscriber with the ported number terminated service. 3 Wireless porting started November 24, 2003. These figures include all ports during the month of November, which for ports from or to a wireless carrier, includes a small number of test ports that happened prior to November 24. 4 Due to a data problem, does not include numbers that were ported back to the original carrier, or where the subscriber with the ported number terminated service. 2 Excludes significant porting activity between Cingular and AT&T Wireless following the closing of their merger in October 2004. 35 Table 15 Telephone Numbers Remaining in the Porting Database at the End of Each Quarter 1 Wireline to Wireline to Wireless to Wireless to Total Year Quarter Wireline Wireless Wireless 2 Wireline (In Thousands) (In Thousands) 1999 Second 1,840 * * * 1,840 Third 2,658 * * * 2,658 Fourth 3,854 * * * 3,854 2000 First 5,029 * * * 5,029 Second 5,781 * * * 5,781 Third 7,595 * * * 7,595 Fourth 9,146 * * * 9,146 2001 First 10,567 * * * 10,567 Second 12,310 * * * 12,310 Third 14,610 * * * 14,610 Fourth 15,519 * * * 15,519 2002 First 16,810 * * * 16,810 Second 18,210 * * * 18,210 Third 19,862 * * * 19,862 Fourth 21,449 * * * 21,449 2003 First 22,781 * * * 22,781 Second 23,723 * * * 23,723 Third 24,796 * * * 24,796 Fourth 25,869 16 795 2 26,682 2004 First 28,462 173 2,686 3 31,324 Second 28,371 406 4,635 4 33,417 Third 29,396 667 6,874 9 36,945 Fourth 30,607 832 9,041 11 41,491 2005 First 32,399 1,001 10,860 16 44,276 Second 34,169 1,092 12,956 19 48,236 Third 36,013 1,201 14,804 23 52,041 Fourth 37,608 1,246 16,101 29 54,983 2006 First 40,194 1,272 17,577 34 59,077 Second 42,130 1,333 19,032 42 62,538 Third 43,743 1,407 20,509 46 65,705 Fourth 45,149 1,480 21,920 50 68,600 2007 First 46,761 1,541 23,518 50 71,870 Second 48,396 1,659 25,399 54 75,508 Third 3 50,222 2,057 27,068 116 79,463 Fourth 53,168 2,031 29,065 120 84,384 2 Excludes significant porting activity between Cingular and AT&T Wireless following the closing of their merger. Source: Raw data from Local Number Portability Administrator (NeuStar, Inc.). Rollups performed by the Industry Analysis and Technology Division staff, Wireline Competition Bureau. * Wireless portability started November 24, 2003. All ports before then are considered to be wireline to wireline ports, even though some of those ports appear to involve wireless companies. A small but unknown number of wireless test ports were conducted before November 24, 2003. The remaining wireless-related ports appear to be artifacts of divining the carrier type through the use of the carrier's operating company number. 1 Numbers ported because customer changed carriers. The database contains the date when the telephone number record was last updated. For most telephone numbers, this was the most recent port. For those telephone numbers affected by area code changes, however, the date refers to when the record was updated to reflect the new area code. See the text for a fuller discussion. 3 Starting with the July 2007 data, the method of determining whether a port came from a wireline or wireless carrier changed. For numbers that have been ported multiple times, the original carrier is now used to determine the porting carrier's type. Previously, the porting carrier's type was based on the most recent port. 36 Table 16 Numbers in the Porting Database by Quarter in Which They Were Most Recently Ported 1 December 31, 2007 2 Ported During Wireline to Wireline to Wireless to Wireless to Year Quarter Wireline Wireless Wireless Wireline (In Thousands) (In Thousands) 1998 First 0 3 *** Second 3 * * * Third 38 * * * Fourth 119 * * * 1999 First 208 * * * Second 323 * * * Third 342 * * * Fourth 429 * * * 2000 First 465 * * * Second 525 * * * Third 665 * * * Fourth 767 * * * 2001 First 722 * * * Second 876 * * * Third 935 * * * Fourth 1,089 * * * 2002 First 924 * * * Second 1,029 * * * Third 1,275 * * * Fourth 1,317 * * * 2003 First 976 * * * Second 1,114 * * * Third 1,111 * * * Fourth 1,081 9 400 2 2004 First 1,505 111 920 3 Second 1,469 107 1,066 8 Third 1,538 174 1,264 8 Fourth 1,487 113 1,315 4 2005 First 1,861 90 1,248 4 Second 1,969 80 1,395 4 Third 2,182 101 1,593 4 Fourth 2,059 71 1,704 13 2006 First 2,954 62 1,714 6 Second 2,408 77 1,796 4 Third 2,101 133 2,051 5 Fourth 2,078 109 2,117 5 2007 First 2,325 115 2,243 5 Second 2,592 150 2,373 4 Third 3,385 276 2,759 6 Fourth 4,949 253 3,105 8 1 Numbers ported because customer changed carriers. 3 Number is between 0 and 499. Source: Raw data from Local Number Portability Administrator (NeuStar, Inc.). Rollups performed by the Industry Analysis and Technology Division staff, Wireline Competition Bureau. 2 The local number portability database was designed solely for the purpose of routing calls. As such, it retains only the most recent porting activity for any given number. So if a consumer ports a number from Carrier A to Carrier B, and later the consumer then ports the number from Carrier B to Carrier C, the database will not reflect the original port from Carrier A to Carrier B. Also, numbers that revert back to the original carrier (either because the customer ports the number back to the original carrier or because the customer discontinues service with that number) are dropped from the database. Lastly, area code splits can make a number appear to be ported later than it actually was. Starting with this edition of this report, the methodology for determining whether a number was ported away from a wireline or a wireless carrier changed. Rather than relying on the carrier type of the most recent port, the numbers now reflect the original carrier type, based on the carrier that is assigned the thousands block of the donated number. * Wireless portability started November 24, 2003. All ports before then are considered to be wireline to wireline ports, even though some of those ports appear to involve wireless companies. A small but unknown number of wireless test ports were conducted before November 24, 2003. The remaining wireless-related ports appear to be artifacts of divining the carrier type through the use of the carrier's operating company number. 37 Table 17 Ports Between Carrier Types, December 31, 2007 (in thousands) Wireline Wireline Wireless Wireless State to Wireline to Wireless to Wireless to Wireline Total Alabama 374 63 313 1 752 Alaska 139 1 51 ** 190 Arizona 1,337 18 631 4 1,990 Arkansas 217 160 100 ** 478 California 8,501 74 3,799 22 12,396 Colorado 955 21 563 2 1,541 Connecticut 620 16 343 2 981 Delaware 299 1 71 ** 372 District of Columbia 393 4 127 2 527 Florida 2,706 85 2,215 5 5,011 Georgia 1,361 165 886 6 2,417 Guam * 0 2 * 2 Hawaii 187 3 155 ** 345 Idaho 148 9 122 ** 279 Illinois 2,448 43 1,378 6 3,875 Indiana 578 50 437 2 1,066 Iowa 275 8 199 ** 482 Kansas 422 213 203 1 838 Kentucky 334 55 285 ** 675 Louisiana 456 12 334 2 804 Maine 262 18 91 ** 371 Maryland 939 11 610 2 1,562 Massachusetts 2,203 28 763 4 2,997 Michigan 1,729 34 1,112 4 2,880 Minnesota 1,213 23 583 4 1,822 Mississippi 124 22 142 ** 288 Missouri 672 68 485 1 1,227 Montana 66 5 47 ** 118 Nebraska 239 25 124 ** 389 Nevada 504 7 237 1 748 New Hampshire 286 9 112 ** 408 New Jersey 1,466 18 887 4 2,374 New Mexico 115 11 120 ** 246 New York 4,740 59 2,126 8 7 North Carolina 1,187 79 717 2 1,984 North Dakota 67 3 36 * 106 Northern Marianas Is 0 * * 0 Ohio 1,511 42 1,053 3 2,609 Oklahoma 385 35 357 4 782 Oregon 636 26 345 1 1,008 Pennsylvania 2,450 22 1,187 3 3,662 Puerto Rico 22 35 269 ** 326 Rhode Island 253 4 113 ** 371 South Carolina 452 37 288 1 778 South Dakota 105 3 40 ** 148 Tennessee 854 26 523 2 1,405 Texas 3,512 279 2,056 10 5,857 Utah 727 14 291 1 1,034 Vermont 95 5 24 * 124 Virgin Islands 0 * * * 0 Virginia 1,414 26 868 3 2,311 Washington 2,208 34 657 5 2,904 West Virginia 151 3 96 ** 250 Wisconsin 807 16 474 1 1,298 Wyoming 22 3 18 * 43 Total 53,168 2,031 29,065 120 84,384 * Indicates that the number has been withheld to protect carrier confidentiality. ** Indicates a number between 1 and 499. Source: Raw data from Local Number Portability Administrator (NeuStar, Inc.). Rollups performed by the Industry Analysis and Technology Division staff, Wireline Competition Bureau. 1 Starting with this report, the method of determining whether a port came from a wireline or wireless carrier changed. For numbers that have been ported multiple times, the original carrier is now used to determine the porting carrier's type. Previously, the porting carrier's type was based on the most recent port. 38 Table 18 Number of Carriers Porting or Receiving Ports as of December 31, 2007 Wireline to Wireline to Wireless to Wireless to Wireline Ports Wireless Ports Wireless Ports Wireline Ports Carriers Carriers Carriers Carriers Carriers Carriers Carriers Carriers State Porting Receiving Porting Receiving Porting Receiving Porting Receiving Alabama 33 31 28 15 17 16 13 18 Alaska 8 6 4 6 7 6 5 4 Arizona 27 29 22 13 11 12 7 18 Arkansas 21 18 14 8 8 8 5 11 California 51 55 46 16 16 16 12 41 Colorado 32 36 28 13 12 15 10 24 Connecticut 17 26 16 8 6 7 6 14 Delaware 19 26 10 7 5 6 5 9 District of Columbia 23 28 13 6 5 7 5 14 Florida 64 77 45 12 14 13 9 37 Georgia 60 67 39 14 17 15 13 35 Guam 2 2 0 0 5 5 1 1 Hawaii 7 9 5 7 6 7 6 6 Idaho 19 23 15 13 17 16 10 10 Illinois 52 54 35 13 14 13 10 28 Indiana 43 44 32 13 11 14 8 22 Iowa 71 49 20 13 12 13 10 11 Kansas 29 34 33 16 14 16 9 15 Kentucky 39 43 19 18 18 19 12 14 Louisiana 32 35 17 9 11 11 9 19 Maine 15 17 11 8 7 8 7 12 Maryland 35 43 21 9 7 9 7 25 Massachusetts 32 38 23 7 6 7 5 24 Michigan 50 55 40 13 13 16 10 32 Minnesota 68 70 54 11 9 11 8 25 Mississippi 31 32 18 13 13 13 8 8 Missouri 37 37 24 13 13 13 9 19 Montana 14 18 11 5 6 6 4 6 Nebraska 15 19 10 10 11 11 8 5 Nevada 23 25 13 10 8 11 7 17 New Hampshire 20 22 15 8 7 8 7 14 New Jersey 35 35 23 7 5 7 5 25 New Mexico 18 19 10 10 11 12 7 6 New York 75 66 52 10 10 11 9 36 North Carolina 35 48 34 15 14 15 11 26 North Dakota 14 17 20 6 6 7 3 6 Northern Marianas Is 0 0 1 2 5 3 0 0 Ohio 45 60 39 15 15 16 13 28 Oklahoma 23 26 22 12 16 14 9 12 Oregon 35 41 28 14 12 14 9 17 Pennsylvania 52 54 39 11 13 14 8 33 Puerto Rico 4 5 4 7 7 9 5 4 Rhode Island 15 17 9 7 5 6 5 12 South Carolina 33 44 25 10 14 11 9 22 South Dakota 13 17 8 5 5 7 4 6 Tennessee 41 45 33 14 15 15 11 26 Texas 68 84 52 27 28 31 15 43 Utah 27 23 17 11 11 13 8 13 Vermont 10 12 6 5 5 5 3 5 Virgin Islands 0 0 1 1 3 3 2 1 Virginia 41 51 32 12 11 11 8 25 Washington 36 46 32 12 11 12 11 24 West Virginia 14 19 9 10 11 12 6 8 Wisconsin 38 44 33 12 11 12 10 17 Wyoming 9 12 9 7 10 10 6 3 Unduplicated Total 837 780 570 107 150 130 80 341 Source: Raw data from Local Number Portability Administrator (NeuStar, Inc.). Rollups performed by the Industry Analysis and Technology Division staff, Wireline Competition Bureau. 1 Starting with this report, the method of determining whether a port came from a wireline or wireless carrier changed. For numbers that have been ported multiple times, the original carrier is now used to determine the porting carrier's type. Previously, the porting carrier's type was based on the most recent port. 39 Table 19 Percentage of Numbers Ported, as of June 30, 2007 1 Wireline Wireline Wireless Wireless Total Total Wireline Assigned Percent Wireless Assigned Percent Total Assigned Percent Ports Numbers Ported Ports Numbers Ported Ports Numbers Ported State (thousands) (%) (thousands) (%) (thousands) (%) Alabama 407 4,617 8.8 271 4,131 6.6 678 8,749 7.8 Alaska 135 941 14.4 25 461 5.5 161 1,402 11.5 American Samoa NA 0 NA NA 19 NA NA 19 NA Arizona 1,183 7,611 15.5 572 4,849 11.8 1,755 12,460 14.1 Arkansas 255 2,490 10.3 92 2,003 4.6 347 4,493 7.7 California 8,085 44,284 18.3 3,427 31,417 10.9 11,512 75,701 15.2 Colorado 949 7,439 12.8 504 3,914 12.9 1,453 11,353 12.8 Connecticut 592 4,518 13.1 287 2,883 9.9 878 7,401 11.9 Delaware 294 1,754 16.8 62 759 8.1 356 2,513 14.2 District of Columbia 370 3,097 11.9 110 1,008 10.9 480 4,105 11.7 Florida 2,373 22,046 10.8 1,945 16,125 12.1 4,318 38,170 11.3 Georgia 1,430 10,769 13.3 784 8,092 9.7 2,215 18,862 11.7 Guam 0 95 0.0 1 93 1.2 1 188 0.6 Hawaii 180 1,623 11.1 137 1,130 12.1 318 2,753 11.5 Idaho 146 1,702 8.6 109 1,052 10.4 256 2,754 9.3 Illinois 2,386 16,478 14.5 1,222 10,355 11.8 3,608 26,833 13.4 Indiana 556 5,929 9.4 380 4,694 8.1 936 10,623 8.8 Iowa 261 5,055 5.2 173 2,128 8.1 434 7,184 6.0 Kansas 496 2,689 18.5 181 2,055 8.8 677 4,744 14.3 Kentucky 346 4,215 8.2 246 3,310 7.4 592 7,525 7.9 Louisiana 444 4,636 9.6 293 3,825 7.7 737 8,462 8.7 Maine 253 1,566 16.2 80 901 8.9 333 2,467 13.5 Maryland 867 9,282 9.3 523 4,999 10.5 1,390 14,281 9.7 Massachusetts 2,105 13,460 15.6 659 5,453 12.1 2,764 18,914 14.6 Michigan 1,593 10,020 15.9 903 8,750 10.3 2,496 18,770 13.3 Minnesota 1,185 7,074 16.8 491 4,014 12.2 1,676 11,088 15.1 Mississippi 171 2,534 6.8 121 2,147 5.6 292 4,680 6.2 Missouri 711 6,160 11.5 419 4,603 9.1 1,130 10,763 10.5 Montana 65 922 7.1 42 647 6.5 107 1,570 6.8 Nebraska 242 1,979 12.2 110 1,309 8.4 352 3,288 10.7 Nevada 344 2,939 11.7 210 2,192 9.6 554 5,131 10.8 New Hampshire 283 2,253 12.5 97 1,008 9.6 380 3,261 11.6 New Jersey 1,330 12,701 10.5 788 7,780 10.1 2,118 20,481 10.3 New Mexico 111 1,948 5.7 106 1,509 7.0 217 3,457 6.3 New York 4,447 24,951 17.8 1,853 16,520 11.2 6,301 41,471 15.2 North Carolina 1,063 10,120 10.5 622 7,224 8.6 1,685 17,344 9.7 North Dakota 63 615 10.3 32 481 6.7 95 1,096 8.7 Northern Marianas Is NA 18 NA NA 32 NA NA 50 NA Ohio 1,348 12,305 11.0 913 9,075 10.1 2,260 21,380 10.6 Oklahoma 402 3,197 12.6 324 2,723 11.9 726 5,920 12.3 Oregon 580 4,306 13.5 310 2,879 10.8 889 7,186 12.4 Pennsylvania 2,374 16,436 14.4 1,009 9,752 10.3 3,383 26,188 12.9 Puerto Rico 34 1,442 2.4 239 2,196 10.9 273 3,638 7.5 Rhode Island 243 1,862 13.1 100 858 11.6 343 2,720 12.6 South Carolina 436 4,634 9.4 247 3,496 7.1 683 8,129 8.4 South Dakota 101 736 13.7 36 546 6.5 136 1,282 10.6 Tennessee 816 6,697 12.2 466 5,229 8.9 1,283 11,926 10.8 Texas 3,519 26,024 13.5 1,801 19,712 9.1 5,321 45,737 11.6 Utah 720 3,864 18.6 265 1,948 13.6 985 5,812 16.9 Vermont 90 1,768 5.1 21 391 5.5 111 2,158 5.2 Virgin Islands 0 66 0.0 * 93 0.0 * 159 0.0 Virginia 1,374 10,631 12.9 807 6,466 12.5 2,182 17,097 12.8 Washington 1,359 8,461 16.1 588 5,189 11.3 1,946 13,650 14.3 West Virginia 143 1,425 10.0 70 1,145 6.1 213 2,570 8.3 Wisconsin 770 5,643 13.7 365 3,999 9.1 1,135 9,643 11.8 Wyoming 23 558 4.1 15 431 3.6 38 989 3.9 Total 50,055 370,587 617.4 25,453 250,004 483.9 75,508 620,591 12.2 1 Because the latest available NRUF data are as of June 30, 2007, porting data of the same vintage are used. NA Not applicable. Number portability is not available in American Samoa or Northern Mariana Islands. * Indicates a number between 1 and 499. Source: Raw data from Local Number Portability Administrator (NeuStar, Inc.) and Numbering Resource Utilization/Forecast Reports data filed with NeuStar, Inc. as of December 31, 2007. Rollups performed by the Industry Analysis and Technology Division staff, Wireline Competition Bureau. 40 Table 20 Telephone Numbers Assigned for Toll-Free Service 1 Total Spare Toll-Free Working Miscellaneous Toll-Free Numbers Toll-Free Toll-Free Numbers Still Year Month Numbers Numbers 2 Assigned Available 1993 December 3,155,955 731,438 3,887,393 3,822,607 1994 December 4,948,605 763,235 5,711,840 1,998,160 1995 December 6,700,576 286,487 6,987,063 722,937 1996 December 9,527,982 945,671 10,473,653 5,216,347 1997 December 12,980,714 996,449 13,977,163 1,712,837 1998 December 16,200,883 965,466 17,166,349 6,503,651 1999 December 19,677,001 1,101,964 20,778,965 2,891,035 2000 December 23,022,015 1,178,096 24,200,111 7,449,889 2001 December 23,453,029 1,027,973 24,481,002 7,168,998 2002 December 22,496,215 1,051,232 23,547,447 8,102,553 2003 December 21,108,662 941,520 22,050,182 9,599,818 2004 December 22,159,440 1,145,661 23,305,101 8,344,899 2005 December 22,474,643 957,835 23,432,478 8,217,522 2006 December 22,709,753 756,808 23,466,561 8,183,439 2007 December 23,902,113 3 585,864 24,487,982 7,322,018 2 Miscellaneous numbers include those in the 800, 888, 877, and 866 service management systems maintained by Database Service Management, Inc., and categorized as reserved, assigned but not yet activated, recently disconnected, or suspended. 1 Toll-free (800) service was initially offered by AT&T in 1967. On May 1, 1993, procedures for routing toll- free calls were changed and 800 numbers were made "portable" so customers who switched service providers could retain their numbers. Due to the growth in demand for toll-free numbers, a new toll-free calling code, 888, was added in March 1996, which made it possible to assign about 8 million new toll- free numbers. A third toll-free calling code, 877, was added in April 1998; and a fourth toll-free code, 866, was added in July 2000. 3 SMS800 freed up all unused numbers contained in certain blocks of numbers that were reserved for the provision of certain mobile radio telecommunications (pager) services within a specified geographic area. These numbers were in NPA 800 and had NXXs in the range of NX2 where ‘N’ = 2 through 9 and ‘X’ = 0 for 1 and the numbers ended in a state code. http://www.sms800.com/PublicContent.aspx?Text=2008&URL=Shared+Documents%2fPublic%2fNews %2f2008&Site=Public, visited February 10, 2008. 41 Table 21 Telephone Numbers Assigned for 800 Toll-Free Service 1 Total Spare Toll-Free Working Miscellaneous Toll-Free Numbers Toll-Free Toll-Free Numbers Still Year Month Numbers Numbers 2 Assigned Available 1996 March 6,907,098 293,244 7,200,342 509,658 June 6,986,821 324,899 7,311,720 398,280 September 7,119,167 310,562 7,429,729 280,271 December 7,272,819 343,905 7,616,724 93,276 1997 March 7,402,769 305,362 7,708,131 1,869 June 7,415,591 293,802 7,709,393 607 September 7,427,717 280,668 7,708,385 1,615 December 7,429,160 267,429 7,696,589 13,411 1998 March 7,455,240 249,964 7,705,204 4,796 June 7,480,468 227,041 7,707,509 2,491 September 7,489,271 219,080 7,708,351 1,649 December 7,487,529 215,267 7,702,796 7,204 1999 March 7,498,527 204,515 7,703,042 6,958 June 7,502,118 207,061 7,709,179 821 September 7,523,302 185,363 7,708,665 1,335 December 7,505,737 202,416 7,708,153 1,847 2000 March 7,516,391 193,246 7,709,637 363 June 7,570,082 139,444 7,709,526 474 September 7,572,091 137,705 7,709,796 204 December 7,566,810 132,887 7,699,697 10,303 2001 March 7,434,621 264,967 7,699,588 10,412 June 7,357,279 242,106 7,599,385 110,615 September 7,383,111 164,881 7,547,992 162,008 December 7,370,055 184,689 7,554,744 155,256 2002 March 7,181,636 400,955 7,582,591 127,409 June 7,234,847 282,005 7,516,852 193,148 September 7,200,821 177,723 7,378,544 331,456 December 7,210,159 203,268 7,413,427 296,573 2003 March 7,182,120 224,536 7,406,656 303,344 June 7,171,068 234,576 7,405,644 304,356 September 7,031,806 222,846 7,254,652 455,348 December 7,089,752 260,807 7,350,559 359,441 2004 March 7,187,381 234,719 7,422,100 287,900 June 7,181,216 187,107 7,368,323 341,677 September 7,262,915 197,252 7,460,167 249,833 December 7,332,085 208,368 7,540,453 169,547 2005 March 7,267,936 234,679 7,502,615 207,385 June 7,163,402 425,206 7,588,608 121,392 September 7,160,678 495,326 7,656,004 53,996 December 7,317,165 277,052 7,594,217 115,783 2006 March 7,416,046 197,083 7,613,129 96,871 June 7,330,416 317,525 7,647,941 62,059 September 7,419,137 279,471 7,698,608 11,392 December 7,445,535 207,672 7,653,207 56,793 2007 March 7,559,307 140,686 7,699,993 10,007 June 7,546,532 153,063 7,699,595 10,405 September 7,597,883 102,117 7,700,000 10,000 December 7,736,774 3 123,226 7,860,000 10000 3 For data before 1996, see Table 18.4 of the Februrary 2007 edition of Trends in Telephone Service. 42 Table 22 Telephone Numbers Assigned for 888 Toll-Free Service 1 Total Spare Toll-Free Working Miscellaneous Toll-Free Numbers Toll-Free Toll-Free Numbers Still Year Month Numbers Numbers 2 Assigned Available 1996 March 267,874 568,574 836,448 7,143,552 June 922,849 544,079 1,466,928 6,513,072 September 1,641,519 590,345 2,231,864 5,748,136 December 2,255,163 601,766 2,856,929 5,123,071 1997 March 2,857,608 661,164 3,518,772 4,461,228 June 3,660,984 681,981 4,342,965 3,637,035 September 4,776,688 774,431 5,551,119 2,428,881 December 5,551,554 729,020 6,280,574 1,699,426 1998 March 6,167,479 728,415 6,895,894 1,084,106 June 6,591,764 665,496 7,257,260 722,740 September 6,898,718 612,254 7,510,972 469,028 December 7,146,159 515,009 7,661,168 318,832 1999 March 7,278,531 495,904 7,774,435 205,565 June 7,428,424 231,697 7,660,121 319,879 September 7,601,867 211,318 7,813,185 166,815 December 7,643,158 324,405 7,967,563 12,437 2000 March 7,685,423 230,035 7,915,458 64,542 June 7,789,986 140,658 7,930,644 49,356 September 7,806,252 173,588 7,979,840 160 December 7,789,188 177,328 7,966,516 13,484 2001 March 7,616,189 355,451 7,971,640 8,360 June 7,548,761 270,198 7,818,959 161,041 September 7,508,100 203,518 7,711,618 268,382 December 7,452,071 190,727 7,642,798 337,202 2002 March 6,964,624 577,910 7,542,534 437,466 June 6,629,862 354,771 6,984,633 995,367 September 6,682,043 92,050 6,774,093 1,205,907 December 6,610,191 154,015 6,764,206 1,215,794 2003 March 6,408,723 324,558 6,733,281 1,246,719 June 6,228,846 251,701 6,480,547 1,499,453 September 5,818,266 216,862 6,035,128 1,944,872 December 5,711,949 250,662 5,962,611 2,017,389 2004 March 5,680,105 133,824 5,813,929 2,166,071 June 5,640,743 128,141 5,768,884 2,211,116 September 5,716,957 210,068 5,927,025 2,052,975 December 5,563,469 384,320 5,947,789 2,032,211 2005 March 5,465,594 159,097 5,624,691 2,355,309 June 5,306,927 296,729 5,603,656 2,376,344 September 5,314,969 221,122 5,536,091 2,443,909 December 5,265,331 196,817 5,462,148 2,517,852 2006 March 5,049,966 321,175 5,371,141 2,608,859 June 4,930,939 387,726 5,318,665 2,661,335 September 4,923,018 282,840 5,205,858 2,774,142 December 4,894,774 154,764 5,049,538 2,930,462 2007 March 4,865,839 172,035 5,037,874 2,942,126 June 4,892,896 211,491 5,104,387 2,875,613 September 5,014,039 143,278 5,157,317 2,822,683 December 5,075,256 134,928 5,210,184 2,769,816 See Notes to Table 20. 43 Table 23 Telephone Numbers Assigned for 877 Toll-Free Service 1 Total Spare Toll-Free Working Miscellaneous Toll-Free Numbers Toll-Free Toll-Free Numbers Still Year Month Numbers Numbers 2 Assigned Available 1998 June 552,037 209,967 762,004 7,217,996 September 1,072,046 206,714 1,278,760 6,701,240 December 1,567,195 235,190 1,802,385 6,177,615 1999 March 2,141,228 329,044 2,470,272 5,509,728 June 2,899,466 410,026 3,309,492 4,670,508 September 3,755,361 436,433 4,191,794 3,788,206 December 4,528,106 575,143 5,103,249 2,876,751 2000 March 5,436,297 598,702 6,034,999 1,945,001 June 6,317,507 402,858 6,720,365 1,259,635 September 6,539,180 496,015 7,035,195 944,805 December 6,391,285 719,333 7,110,618 869,382 2001 March 6,289,079 469,980 6,759,059 1,220,941 June 6,094,898 715,097 6,809,995 1,170,005 September 6,163,297 489,084 6,652,381 1,327,619 December 6,214,863 345,468 6,560,331 1,419,669 2002 March 6,174,529 340,472 6,515,001 1,464,999 June 6,016,107 267,320 6,283,427 1,696,573 September 5,656,158 275,722 5,931,880 2,048,120 December 5,448,276 421,984 5,870,260 2,109,740 2003 March 5,132,413 579,240 5,711,653 2,268,347 June 4,791,792 376,236 5,168,028 2,811,972 September 4,617,147 170,787 4,787,934 3,192,066 December 4,536,366 191,410 4,727,776 3,252,224 2004 March 4,528,716 163,856 4,692,572 3,287,428 June 4,550,870 146,826 4,697,696 3,282,304 September 4,537,840 214,197 4,752,037 3,227,963 December 4,551,486 254,082 4,805,568 3,174,432 2005 March 4,590,227 139,089 4,729,316 3,250,684 June 4,498,452 232,477 4,730,929 3,249,071 September 4,476,657 193,315 4,669,972 3,310,028 December 4,424,365 212,543 4,636,908 3,343,092 2006 March 4,387,383 178,974 4,566,357 3,413,643 June 4,227,659 203,501 4,431,160 3,548,840 September 4,216,739 221,090 4,437,829 3,542,171 December 4,158,082 191,476 4,349,558 3,630,442 2007 March 4,160,134 126,236 4,286,370 3,693,630 June 4,176,830 168,005 4,344,835 3,635,165 September 4,186,296 140,506 4,326,802 3,653,198 December 4,236,995 151,687 4,388,682 3,591,318 See Notes to Table 20. 44 Table 24 Telephone Numbers Assigned for 866 Toll-Free Service 1 Total Spare Toll-Free Working Miscellaneous Toll-Free Numbers Toll-Free Toll-Free Numbers Still Year Month Numbers Numbers 2 Assigned Available 2000 September 672,250 155,646 827,896 7,152,104 December 1,274,732 148,548 1,423,280 6,556,720 2001 March 1,652,602 361,888 2,014,490 5,965,510 June 1,944,520 362,880 2,307,400 5,672,600 September 2,256,792 308,801 2,565,593 5,414,407 December 2,416,040 307,089 2,723,129 5,256,871 2002 March 2,640,414 321,530 2,961,944 5,018,056 June 2,864,605 219,232 3,083,837 4,896,163 September 2,977,379 244,297 3,221,676 4,758,324 December 3,227,589 271,965 3,499,554 4,480,446 2003 March 3,461,686 299,700 3,761,386 4,218,614 June 3,486,674 420,477 3,907,151 4,072,849 September 3,609,244 265,446 3,874,690 4,105,310 December 3,770,595 238,641 4,009,236 3,970,764 2004 March 3,966,922 231,683 4,198,605 3,781,395 June 4,281,378 263,560 4,544,938 3,435,062 September 4,476,150 281,577 4,757,727 3,222,273 December 4,712,400 298,891 5,011,291 2,968,709 2005 March 5,015,324 267,412 5,282,736 2,697,264 June 5,047,314 487,471 5,534,785 2,445,215 September 5,259,730 352,226 5,611,956 2,368,044 December 5,467,782 271,423 5,739,205 2,240,795 2006 March 5,613,475 211,021 5,824,496 2,155,504 June 5,803,923 205,051 6,008,974 1,971,026 September 6,078,119 160,737 6,238,856 1,741,144 December 6,201,362 212,896 6,414,258 1,565,742 2007 March 6,355,241 207,073 6,562,314 1,417,686 June 6,555,756 240,460 6,796,216 1,183,784 September 6,685,581 219,067 6,904,648 1,075,352 December 6,853,093 176,023 7,029,116 950,884 See Notes to Table 20. 45 Area Code State/Jurisdiction Area Code Opened Area Code State/ Jurisdiction Area Code Opened Area Code State/ Jurisdiction Area Code Opened Area Code State/ Jurisdiction Area Code Opened 205 Alabama Jan-47 229 Georgia Aug-00 320 Minnesota Mar-96 717 Pennsylvania Jan-47 334 Alabama Jan-95 478 Georgia Aug-00 651 Minnesota Jul-98 814 Pennsylvania Jan-47 256 Alabama Mar-98 762 Georgia May-06 763 Minnesota Feb-00 610 Pennsylvania Jan-94 251 Alabama Jun-01 671 Guam Jul-97 952 Minnesota Feb-00 724 Pennsylvania Feb-98 907 Alaska Jan-57 808 Hawaii Jan-57 601 Mississippi Jan-47 570 Pennsylvania Dec-98 684 American Somoa Oct-04 208 Idaho Jan-47 228 Mississippi Sep-97 484 Pennsylvania Jun-99 602 Arizona Jan-47 217 Illinois Jan-47 662 Mississippi Apr-99 267 Pennsylvania Jul-99 520 Arizona Mar-95 312 Illinois Jan-47 769 Mississippi Mar-05 878 Pennsylvania Aug-01 480 Arizona Mar-99 618 Illinois Jan-47 314 Missouri Jan-47 787 Puerto Rico Mar-96 623 Arizona Mar-99 815 Illinois Jan-47 816 Missouri Jan-47 939 Puerto Rico Sep-01 928 Arizona Jun-01 309 Illinois Jan-57 417 Missouri Jan-50 401 Rhode Island Jan-47 501 Arkansas Jan-47 708 Illinois Nov-89 573 Missouri Jan-96 803 South Carolina Jan-47 870 Arkansas Apr-97 847 Illinois Jan-96 660 Missouri Oct-97 864 South Carolina Dec-95 479 Arkansas Jan-02 630 Illinois Aug-96 636 Missouri May-99 843 South Carolina Mar-98 213 California Jan-47 773 Illinois Oct-96 406 Montana Jan-47 605 South Dakota Jan-47 415 California Jan-47 224 Illinois Jan-02 402 Nebraska Jan-47 901 Tennessee Jan-47 916 California Jan-47 779 Illinois Mar-07 308 Nebraska Jan-55 615 Tennessee Jan-54 714 California Jan-51 331 Illinois Oct-07 702 Nevada Jan-47 423 Tennessee Sep-95 805 California Jan-57 219 Indiana Jan-47 775 Nevada Dec-98 931 Tennessee Sep-97 209 California Jan-58 317 Indiana Jan-47 603 New Hampshire Jan-47 865 Tennessee Nov-99 408 California Jan-59 812 Indiana Jan-47 201 New Jersey Jan-47 731 Tennessee Feb-01 707 California Jan-59 765 Indiana Feb-97 609 New Jersey Jan-57 214 Texas Jan-47 619 California Jan-82 260 Indiana Jan-02 908 New Jersey Nov-90 512 Texas Jan-47 818 California Jan-84 574 Indiana Jan-02 732 New Jersey Jun-97 713 Texas Jan-47 510 California Sep-91 319 Iowa Jan-47 973 New Jersey Jun-97 915 Texas Jan-47 310 California Nov-91 515 Iowa Jan-47 856 New Jersey Jun-99 817 Texas Jan-53 909 California Nov-92 712 Iowa Jan-47 551 New Jersey Dec-01 806 Texas Jan-57 562 California Jan-97 641 Iowa Jul-00 848 New Jersey Dec-01 409 Texas Nov-82 760 California Mar-97 563 Iowa Mar-01 862 New Jersey Dec-01 903 Texas Nov-90 626 California Jun-97 316 Kansas Jan-47 505 New Mexico Jan-47 210 Texas Nov-92 650 California Aug-97 913 Kansas Jan-47 575 New Mexico Oct-07 972 Texas Sep-96 530 California Nov-97 785 Kansas Jul-97 212 New York Jan-47 281 Texas Nov-96 925 California Mar-98 620 Kansas Feb-01 315 New York Jan-47 254 Texas May-97 949 California Apr-98 502 Kentucky Jan-47 518 New York Jan-47 940 Texas May-97 323 California Jun-98 606 Kentucky Jan-55 716 New York Jan-47 830 Texas Jul-97 831 California Jul-98 270 Kentucky Apr-99 914 New York Jan-47 956 Texas Jul-97 559 California Nov-98 859 Kentucky Apr-00 516 New York Jan-51 832 Texas Jan-99 661 California Feb-99 364 Kentucky Jan-09 607 New York Jan-54 361 Texas Feb-99 858 California Jun-99 504 Louisiana Jan-47 718 New York Sep-84 469 Texas Jul-99 951 California Jul-04 318 Louisiana Jan-57 917 New York Jan-92 936 Texas Feb-00 424 California Aug-06 225 Louisiana Aug-98 646 New York Jul-99 979 Texas Feb-00 657 California Sep-08 337 Louisiana Oct-99 347 New York Oct-99 682 Texas Oct-00 303 Colorado Jan-47 985 Louisiana Feb-01 631 New York Nov-99 430 Texas Feb-03 719 Colorado Mar-88 207 Maine Jan-47 845 New York Jun-00 325 Texas Apr-03 970 Colorado Apr-95 301 Maryland Jan-47 585 New York Nov-01 432 Texas Apr-03 720 Colorado Jun-98 410 Maryland Oct-91 704 North Carolina Jan-47 801 Utah Jan-47 203 Connecticut Jan-47 240 Maryland Jun-97 919 North Carolina Jan-54 435 Utah Sep-97 860 Connecticut Aug-95 443 Maryland Jun-97 910 North Carolina Nov-93 385 Utah Mar-09 302 Delaware Jan-47 413 Massachusetts Jan-47 336 North Carolina Dec-97 802 Vermont Jan-47 202 DC Jan-47 617 Massachusetts Jan-47 252 North Carolina Mar-98 340 Virgin Islands Jun-97 305 Florida Jan-47 508 Massachusetts Jul-88 828 North Carolina Mar-98 703 Virginia Jan-47 813 Florida Jan-53 781 Massachusetts Sep-97 980 North Carolina Apr-01 804 Virginia Jun-73 904 Florida Jul-65 978 Massachusetts Sep-97 701 North Dakota Jan-47 540 Virginia Jul-95 407 Florida Apr-88 339 Massachusetts May-01 670 Northern Marianas Is. Jul-97 757 Virginia Jul-96 941 Florida May-95 351 Massachusetts May-01 216 Ohio Jan-47 571 Virginia Mar-00 954 Florida Sep-95 774 Massachusetts May-01 419 Ohio Jan-47 434 Virginia Jun-01 352 Florida Dec-95 857 Massachusetts May-01 513 Ohio Jan-47 276 Virginia Sep-01 561 Florida May-96 313 Michigan Jan-47 614 Ohio Jan-47 206 Washington Jan-47 850 Florida Jun-97 517 Michigan Jan-47 330 Ohio Mar-96 509 Washington Jan-57 786 Florida Mar-98 616 Michigan Jan-47 937 Ohio Sep-96 360 Washington Jan-95 727 Florida Jul-98 906 Michigan Jan-61 440 Ohio Aug-97 253 Washington Apr-97 863 Florida Sep-99 810 Michigan Dec-93 740 Ohio Dec-97 425 Washington Apr-97 321 Florida Nov-99 248 Michigan May-97 234 Ohio Oct-00 304 West Virginia Jan-47 386 Florida Feb-01 734 Michigan Dec-97 567 Ohio Jan-02 414 Wisconsin Jan-47 754 Florida Aug-01 231 Michigan Jun-99 405 Oklahoma Jan-47 715 Wisconsin Jan-47 772 Florida Feb-02 989 Michigan Apr-01 918 Oklahoma Jan-53 608 Wisconsin Jan-55 239 Florida Mar-02 586 Michigan Sep-01 580 Oklahoma Nov-97 920 Wisconsin Jul-97 404 Georgia Jan-47 269 Michigan Jul-02 503 Oregon Jan-47 262 Wisconsin Sep-99 912 Georgia Jan-54 947 Michigan Sep-02 541 Oregon Nov-95 307 Wyoming Jan-47 706 Georgia May-92 218 Minnesota Jan-47 971 Oregon Oct-00 770 Georgia Aug-95 612 Minnesota Jan-47 215 Pennsylvania Jan-47 678 Georgia Jan-98 507 Minnesota Jan-54 412 Pennsylvania Jan-47 Source: North American Numbering Plan Administrator. Note: Implementation dates after 2007 are scheduled dates. Table 25 Area Codes by State (1947 - 2007) 46 Table 26 Area Code Assignments (1999-2007) Implementation Previous Added Location Date 1 Code Code Texas (Houston) Jan-99 713 832 California Feb-99 805 661 Texas Feb-99 512 361 Arizona Mar-99 602 480 Arizona Mar-99 602 623 Kentucky Apr-99 502 270 Mississippi Apr-99 601 662 Alberta May-99 403 780 Missouri May-99 314 636 Michigan Jun-99 616 231 Pennsylvania Jun-99 610 484 California Jun-99 619 858 New Jersey Jun-99 609 856 New York (Manhattan) Jul-99 212 646 Pennsylvania Jul-99 215 267 Texas (Dallas) Jul-99 214 469 Florida Sep-99 941 863 Wisconsin Sep-99 414 262 New York Oct-99 718 347 Louisiana Oct-99 318 337 Florida Nov-99 407 321 New York Nov-99 516 631 Tennessee Nov-99 423 865 Texas Feb-00 409 936 Texas Feb-00 409 979 Minnesota Feb-00 612 763 Minnesota Feb-00 612 952 Virginia Mar-00 703 571 Kentucky Apr-00 606 859 New York Jun-00 914 845 Iowa Jul-00 515 641 Georgia Aug-00 912 229 Georgia Aug-00 912 478 Oregon Oct-00 503 971 Texas Oct-00 817 682 Ohio Oct-00 330 234 Kansas Feb-01 316 620 Louisiana Feb-01 504 985 Tennessee Feb-01 901 731 Florida Feb-01 904 386 Ontario Mar-01 416 647 Iowa Mar-01 319 563 North Carolina Apr-01 704 980 Michigan Apr-01 517 989 Massachusetts May-01 508 774 47 Table 26 Area Code Assignments (1999-2007) Massachusetts May-01 617 857 Massachusetts May-01 781 339 Massachusetts May-01 978 351 Pennsylvania May-01 484 835 2 Pennsylvania May-01 267 445 3 Virginia Jun-01 804 434 Ontario Jun-01 905 289 Alabama Jun-01 334 251 Arizona Jun-01 520 928 Florida Aug-01 954 754 Pennsylvania Aug-01 412 878 Virginia Sep-01 540 276 Puerto Rico Sep-01 787 939 Michigan Sep-01 810 586 British Columbia Nov-01 604 778 New York Nov-01 716 585 New Jersey Dec-01 201 551 New Jersey Dec-01 732 848 New Jersey Dec-01 973 862 Ohio Jan-02 419 567 Illinois Jan-02 847 224 Indiana Jan-02 219 260 Indiana Jan-02 219 574 Arkansas Jan-02 501 479 Florida Feb-02 561 772 Florida Mar-02 941 239 Michigan Jul-02 616 269 Michigan Sep-02 248 947 Texas Feb-03 903 430 Texas Apr-03 915 325 Texas Apr-03 915 432 California Jul-04 909 951 Mississippi Mar-05 601 769 Dominican Republic Aug-05 809 829 Georgia May-06 706 762 California Aug-06 310 424 Ontario Oct-06 519 226 Quebec Nov-06 514 438 Illinois Mar-07 815 779 Illinois Oct-07 630 331 New Mexico Oct-07 505 575 California Sep-08 714 657 Kentucky Jan-09 270 364 Utah Mar-09 801 385 Note: For years 1984 - 1998, see Industry Analysis Division, Wireline Competition Bureau, Trends in Telephone Service (August 2003). 1 Implemenation dates after 2007 are scheduled dates. 2 The NANPA was able to reclaim area code 835. See Planning Letter 344 at NeuStar.com. 3 The NANPA was able to reclaim area code 445. See Planning Letter 332 at NeuStar.com. Source: North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA), which can be accessed at www.nanpa.com. 48 Table 27 Number of Digits Necessary to Dial Local and Toll Calls in the US (As of December 2007) Local Calls Toll Calls Toll Calls Within Same Between Within Same Between Require State Area Code Area Codes Area Code Area Codes Dialing 1 + Alabama 7 1 10 2 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Alaska 7 1 + 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Arizona 7 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Arkansas 7 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes California 7 3 1 + 10 7 3 1 + 10 No Colorado 7 4 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Connecticut 7 5 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Delaware 7 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes District of Columbia 7 10 NA 1 + 10 Yes Florida 7 6 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Georgia 7 7 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Hawaii 7 NA 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Idaho 7 7 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Illinois 7 8 1 + 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Indiana 7 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Iowa 7 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Kansas 7 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Kentucky 7 10 9 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Louisiana 7 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Maine 7 1 + 10 7 1 + 10 No Maryland 10 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Massachusetts 10 10 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Michigan 7 11 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Minnesota 7 10 12 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Mississippi 7 13 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Missouri 7 14 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Montana 7 7 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Nebraska 7 7 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Nevada 7 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes New Hampshire 7 1 + 10 7 1 + 10 No New Jersey 10 15 1 + 10 10 15 1 + 10 No New Mexico 7 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes New York 7 16 1 + 10 7 16 1 + 10 No North Carolina 7 17 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes North Dakota 7 7 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Ohio 7 18 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Oklahoma 7 7 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Oregon 10 19 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Pennsylvania 10 20 1 + 10 21 10 20 1 + 10 21 No Rhode Island 7 1 + 10 7 1 + 10 No South Carolina 7 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes South Dakota 7 7 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Tennessee 7 10 22 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Texas 7 23 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Utah 7 24 10 25 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Vermont 7 1 + 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Virginia 7 26 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Washington 7 27 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes West Virginia 7 7 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Wisconsin 7 1 + 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Wyoming 7 7 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes NA - Not Applicable. Source: NPA database. The database is available at www.nanpa.com/area_codes/index.html. 49 Notes to Table 27 1 In area code 659, 10-digit dialing is used. 2 In area code 659, 1+10-digit dialing is used. 3 In area codes 424, 657 and 310, 1+10-digit dialing is used. 4 In area codes 303 and 720, 10-digit dialing is used. 5 In area codes 475 and 959, 10-digit dialing is used. 6 In area codes 305, 321, 407, 689, 754, 786, and 954, 10-digit dialing is used. 7 In area codes 404, 470, 678, 762, 706 and 770, 10-digit dialing is used. 8 In area codes 224, 331, 872, 464, 447, 815, 779, 630 and 847, 1+ 10-digit dialing is used. 9 In area codes 270, 364 and 502, 7-digit dialing is used. 10 In area code 413, 7-digit dialing is used. 11 In area codes 248, 679 and 947, 10-digit dialing is used. 12 In area codes 218, 320, and 507, 7-digit dialing is used. 13 In area codes 601 and 769, 10-digit dialing is used. 14 In area codes 557 and 975, 10-digit dialing is used. 15 In area codes 609, 856, and 908, 7-digit dialing is used. 16 In area codes 212, 347, 646, 718, and 917, 1+10 digit dialing is used. 17 In area codes 704, 980 and 984, 10-digit dialing is used. 18 In area codes 234, 283, 330, 380, 419, and 567, 10-digit dialing is used. 19 In area code 541, 7-digit dialing is used. 20 In area codes 570, 717, and 814, 7-digit dialing is used. 21 In some area codes, local calls to some other area codes may be dialed using 10 digits. 22 In area codes 615 and 931, 7-digit dialing is used. 23 In area codes 214, 281, 430, 469, 682, 713, 817, 832, 903, and 972, 10-digit dialing is used. 24 In area code 385, 10-digit dialing is used. 25 In area code 435, 7-digit dialing is used. 26 In area codes 571 and 703, 10-digit dialing is used. 27 In area code 564, 10-digit dialing is used. 50 Customer Response Publication: Numbering Resource Utilization in the United States (NRUF data as of June 30, 2007). 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