Numbering Resource Utilization in the United States NRUF data as of December 31, 2007 Porting and Toll-Free data as of March 31, 2008 Craig Stroup and John Vu Industry Analysis and Technology Division Wireline Competition Bureau Federal Communications Commission August 2008 This report is available for reference in the FCC's Reference Information Center, Courtyard Level, 445 12th Street SW, Washington, DC 20554. Several private firms specialize in locating, duplicating, and distributing FCC documents. Documents may be purchased by calling Best Copy and Printing, Inc. at (202) 488-5300 or via their website at www.bcpiweb.com. This and many other useful reports can also be downloaded from the Wireline Competition Bureau Statistical Reports Internet site at www.fcc.gov/wcb/stats. 2 Numbering Resource Utilization in the United States NRUF Data as of December 31, 2007 Porting and Toll-Free Data as of March 31, 2008 Executive Summary This is the Federal Communications Commission’s report on numbering resource utilization in the United States. 1 In this report, we summarize an ongoing systematic collection of comprehensive data on the utilization of telephone numbers within the United States. The underlying information was acquired from carriers holding numbering resources and was analyzed as part of our ongoing assessment of the efficacy of numbering resource optimization measures prescribed by the Commission’s Numbering Resource Optimization (NRO) Orders. 2 Findings As of December 31, 2007: • Overall, 47.1% of all telephone numbers were assigned to end users. • The overall utilization rate for Incumbent Local Exchange Carriers was 50.7%, down from 50.8% six months earlier. • The overall utilization rate for Cellular/PCS carriers was 65.0%, up from 64.8% six months earlier. • The overall utilization rate for Competitive LECs was 26.9%, up from 25.4% six months earlier. • Thousands-block pooling has made it unnecessary to distribute about 337 million telephone numbers. 1 The previous edition of this report, with data as of June 30, 2007, was released in March 2008. 2 See Numbering Resource Optimization, CC Docket No. 99-200, Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 15 FCC Rcd 7574 (2000) (First NRO Order); Numbering Resource Optimization, CC Docket Nos. 99-200, 96-98, Second Report and Order, Order on Reconsideration in CC Docket No. 96-98 and CC Docket No. 99-200, and Second Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking in CC Docket No. 99-200, 16 FCC Rcd 306 (2000) (Second NRO Order); Numbering Resource Optimization, CC Docket Nos. 99-200, 96-98, 95-116, Third Report and Order and Second Order on Reconsideration in CC Docket No. 96-98 and CC Docket No. 99-200, 17 FCC Rcd 252 (2001) (Third NRO Order); Numbering Resource Optimization, CC Docket Nos. 99-200, 96-98, 95-116, Fourth Report and Order in CC Docket No. 99-200 and CC Docket No. 95-116, and Fourth Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking in CC Docket No. 99-200, 18 FCC Rcd 12472 (2003) (Fourth NRO Order). 3 • In the fourth quarter of 2007, carriers returned 2.11 million telephone numbers to the NANPA. • In the first quarter of 2008, carriers returned 1.66 million telephone numbers to the NANPA. Background The United States uses ten-digit telephone numbers, which are organized in accordance with the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). 3 The NANP divides the country into separate geographic areas called numbering plan areas (NPAs), more commonly called area codes. Calls between these areas are generally dialed using the three-digit area code, followed by a seven-digit local telephone number. When the NANP was established in 1947, only 78 area codes were assigned to carriers in the United States. Only 36 new codes were added through 1989. But the rate of activation increased dramatically. In the 1990s, 109 new area codes were activated in the United States. 4 Because the remaining supply of unassigned area codes is diminishing, and because a premature exhaust of area codes imposes significant costs on consumers, the Commission has taken a number of steps to ensure that the limited numbering resources are used efficiently. Among other things, the Commission requires carriers to submit data on numbering resource utilization and forecasts twice a year. The information is submitted using FCC Form 502, which is known as the Numbering Resource Utilization/Forecast (NRUF) form. 5 Carriers controlling numbering resources for the purpose of providing services to their customers are required to file their NRUF forms with the North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA) 6 by February 1 and August 1 of each year. 7 The administrator compiles the information submitted into a database and provides that database to the Commission. 8 The information in this report presents number utilization as of 3 The North American Numbering Plan is used in the United States and its territories, and in Canada, Bermuda, and many Caribbean nations, including Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, the Bahamas, Barbados, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Jamaica, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Turks and Caicos Islands. The data contained in this report are all limited to the United States and its overseas territories. 4 NeuStar, Inc. publishes a database containing information about each area code on its website: http://www.nanpa.com/npa/allnpas.zip. 5 See Numbering Resource Optimization, CC Docket No. 99-200, Order, 15 FCC Rcd 17005, 17006, n. 9 (2000) (July 2000 NRO Order). FCC Form 502 and most other FCC forms can be downloaded via www.fcc.gov/formpage.html. 6 The current NANPA is NeuStar, Inc. 7 First NRO Order, 15 FCC Rcd at 7603, para. 67. 8 The NANPA’s database is continually updated because not all carriers file by the prescribed date, and because carriers sometimes file updated information throughout the year. 4 December 31, 2007. It reflects all corrections and submissions that the NANPA received through March 31, 2008. 9 Historically, local telephone companies received geographic numbers in blocks of 10,000. These blocks of 10,000 numbers are often called NXXs, or central office codes, and are identifiable as the first three digits of a seven-digit telephone number. 10 One of the recent efforts to improve the efficiency with which numbers are used is “thousands-block number pooling,” where an NXX is broken into ten sequential blocks of 1,000 numbers. Carriers may then be required to donate unused or underutilized blocks to a pooling administrator, which then assigns those thousands-blocks to other carriers in need of numbers. 11 This effectively allows the assignment of numbers in blocks of 1,000 rather than 10,000. Most carriers are required to report their telephone number usage at the thousands-block level so that the Commission can evaluate the efficacy of telephone number pooling. Carriers that meet the statutory definition of “rural telephone company” 12 and operate in non-pooling areas are required to submit their number usage at the NXX level. In this report, we present utilization data for four types of carriers: 13 • Incumbent LECs • Competitive LECs • Cellular/PCS Carriers • Paging Carriers 9 Not all carriers filed their NRUF forms by the February 1, 2008 deadline. 10 A ten-thousands block is the block of 10,000 telephone numbers that have the same area code and the same NXX. 11 The current pooling administrator is NeuStar, Inc., which is also the NANPA. See Federal Communications Commission's Common Carrier Bureau Selects NeuStar, Inc. as National Thousands-Block Number Pooling Administrator, Press Release (rel. June 18, 2001). 12 47 U.S.C. § 153(37). 13 Carriers classified themselves in a variety of ways on their NRUF forms. With one exception, each carrier type was aggregated into one of these four categories for the purposes of this report. The exception involves carriers calling themselves interexchange carriers. These carriers reported data for area codes 500 and 900, which are summarized in Table 10 of this report. Therefore, there was no need to classify interexchange carriers as one of the four carrier types listed above. Also, carriers may provide multiple types of services, and may be doing so under a single operating company number. Where this occurs, this may cause a problem because carriers must indicate only their primary line of business on FCC Form 502. Thus, for example, there is some potential that some numbers are classified as cellular but are really used for paging. Only small carriers seem to do this, so the effects of this misclassification should be minor. 5 Carriers report on numbering resources in the following six categories: • assigned • intermediate • reserved • aging • administrative • available An assigned number is one that is in use by an end-user customer. Intermediate numbers are those that one carrier has made available for use by another carrier (or to a non-carrier) so that the numbers may then be assigned to an end user. Reserved numbers are those that are being held by the service provider at the request of an end user for future use. Aging numbers are those that are being held out of use by the carrier for a period of time after the end user that last used them discontinues service. Administrative numbers include test numbers and other numbers used for network purposes. Available numbers are numbers that are generally available for assignment to customers. 14 Some carriers receive telephone numbers from other carriers. When this occurs, the carrier that received its numbers from another carrier (as opposed to directly from the NANPA) is required to report utilization data for those numbers, and to mark those numbers as having been received from other carriers. 15 The vast majority of numbering resources reported were part of geographic area codes. That is, the numbers were part of area codes that are associated with specific regions of the United States or another country. For instance, area code 406 is associated with Montana, and area code 506 is associated with New Brunswick, Canada. Carriers are also required to report on utilization of some non-geographic area codes, such as 500 numbers and 900 numbers (which are described later in this report). Carriers use other types of non-geographic numbering resources as well: millions of numbers are used to provide toll-free services using non-geographic area codes such as 800, 888, 877 and 866. These numbering resources are managed separately. 14 For precise definitions of these categories, see 47 C.F.R. § 52.15. 15 This means that sometimes more than one carrier can report utilization data for the same thousands-block (or ten-thousands block). Carriers receiving numbers from another carrier are required to report utilization data for those numbers on a different page (of FCC Form 502) than the page that carriers use to report numbers received directly from the NANPA. Not all carriers that received numbers from other carriers filed on the correct page, however, so within the database it can appear that more than one carrier has reported data for the same block of numbers. Carriers that receive numbers from other carriers are also required to report on any telephone numbers received from the NANPA. 6 Analysis and Results Table 1 shows the total quantity of telephone numbers reported by the carriers and the number of 10,000 blocks (or NXXs) that were reported. Table 1 also shows the quantity of telephone numbers that carriers reported for each of the six categories described above. The percentages for each of the six categories are provided as well. Carriers reported usage data on about 136,800 NXXs. This is up from the 136,400 NXXs from the previous filing (data for June 30, 2007). As the NANPA calculates that about 140,200 NXXs have been assigned to United States carriers, 16 this round of submissions (data for December 31, 2007) appears to have garnered usable information on over 97.5% of the numbering resources assigned to carriers in the United States. Although the reporting level is high, many carriers still had not provided usable utilization data by March 31, 2008, the cut-off date for inclusion in this report. Carriers filing FCC Forms 502 reported that about 639 million telephone numbers were assigned to end users, and that 630 million were available for assignment. These 630 million available numbers do not include any telephone numbers in NXXs that had not yet been assigned to a carrier. As more NXXs are assigned to carriers by the NANPA, and more area codes are opened, more numbers will become available. Intermediate, reserved, aging and administrative categories collectively account for another 87 million telephone numbers of the NXXs assigned to carriers. The quantity of incumbent LEC assigned numbers is down slightly, reflecting the decreasing number of incumbent LEC lines. 17 The quantity of cellular/PCS assigned numbers is up, reflecting that sector’s growth. The quantity of CLEC assigned numbers continues to rise, in part, because of telephone service provided through voice over Internet protocol (VoIP). Table 2 presents utilization statistics for carriers reporting at the thousands-block level (carriers that do not meet the statutory definition of a rural carrier are required to report at the thousands- block level). Table 3 presents statistics for rural carriers, which are required to report only at the 10,000 block level. 18 As might be expected, overall utilization rates are lower in rural areas (15% of telephone numbers are assigned to end users) than in more urban areas (49% of telephone numbers are assigned to end users). Table 4 shows utilization statistics on a state-by-state basis. As might be expected, states that are relatively rural and have low population densities have a lower percentage of numbers that have been assigned to end-user customers than in more urban, populous states. Again, carriers report for only those numbers that have been assigned to them, so the quantity of available numbers does not include any of the NXXs that had not yet been assigned to a carrier. 16 The NANPA lists the codes that have been issued on their web site: http://www.nanpa.com/reports/reports_cocodes_assign.html. 17 See Table 1 of the most recent Local Telephone Competition report at http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html. 18 See First NRO Order, 15 FCC Rcd at 7604-05, para. 71. A small number of rural carriers may operate in areas with pooling. As all carriers in pooling areas are required to report at the thousands-block level, rural carriers in pooling areas, if any, should be included in Table 2 rather than Table 3. 7 Table 5 shows the number of carriers reporting telephone number utilization data for each state. Carriers are required to report their NRUF data at the operating company number (OCN) level. 19 Carriers typically obtain one or more OCNs per state in which they operate. The number of carriers in each state is determined by counting the number of OCNs reported in each state. Table 6 shows utilization statistics on an area code-by-area code basis. The table also shows the total number of OCNs reported in each area code. Again, carriers report for only those numbers that have been assigned to them, so the quantity of available numbers does not include any of the NXXs in the state that had not yet been assigned to a carrier. Table 7 shows actual quantities of assigned, aging and available numbers for wireline carriers (incumbent LECs and CLECs), and for cellular/PCS carriers (wireless carriers). This information is presented on an area code-by-area code basis. The information in Table 7 is useful for at least two reasons. First, while there is no information on the number of working telephone lines in each area code, Table 7 provides at least some indication of what these numbers are. For several reasons, however, the number of working lines per area code cannot be perfectly divined from this information. Although cellular/PCS carriers typically assign one geographic telephone number to each subscriber, wireline carriers sometimes do not. Some wireline customers want multiple telephone numbers associated with a smaller number of lines. This is common when the customer has a PBX. Other customers, especially those expecting many inbound calls, such as from a help line, want a single telephone number that serves many lines. Thus, the quantity of telephone numbers in an area code provides only a rough guide to the number of lines served in each area code. Second, the information in Table 7 provides the only information available for examining churn. 20 After a customer disconnects from a carrier’s network and chooses not to port the number to another carrier, that carrier will hold that number out of circulation (“age” the number) for up to ninety days if the customer was a residential subscriber, and up to one year if the customer was a business subscriber. Therefore, the quantity of aging numbers gives some indication of the number of customers that have disconnected from the carrier’s network in the previous three months to a year. For several reasons, aging numbers, however, do not give a perfect indication of churn. Aside from not measuring numbers ported to another carrier, not all carriers age their numbers for the full time allowed. In particular, where carriers cannot immediately obtain new numbers from the NANPA or the pooling administrator because of area code rationing, and the carriers have no other available numbers to assign to end users, carriers may assign end users telephone numbers that have not been aged for the full time that the states have prescribed. (Thousands-block pooling alleviates this problem by making more numbering resources available.) Moreover, as mentioned in the previous paragraph, wireline carriers do not always issue one telephone number per line. Thus, as with line counts, churn rates can only be roughly estimated from the data in Table 7. 19 See First NRO Order, 15 FCC Rcd at 7594, para. 41. Carriers obtain OCNs from the National Exchange Carrier Association. 20 Churn is the rate at which customers change carriers or disconnect service. 8 Table 8 focuses on telephone number pooling. A thousands-block is potentially poolable when 90% or more of the numbers are classified as available for assignment. Pooling is required in the top 100 MSAs. 21 Pooling also is occurring in other areas where a state commission has exercised delegated authority to require pooling. 22 Carriers also have voluntarily implemented pooling in certain areas. The Commission established an initial roll-out schedule for thousands-block number pooling for wireline carriers, which was completed in December 2003. 23 Table 8 shows the number of thousands-blocks that carriers have received from the Pooling Administrator. Table 8 also shows the total number of thousands-blocks in rate centers where pooling exists, and shows the percentage of those thousands blocks that are pooled. Wireless carriers are listed separately from CLECs and incumbent LECs because wireless carriers started porting on November 24, 2003. Table 9 examines the efficacy of thousands-block pooling. Table 9 shows the utilization of the thousands-blocks that were distributed by the Pooling Administrator, and the utilization rate that would have resulted had whole NXXs been issued. 24 Overall, if whole NXXs had been issued instead of individual thousands-blocks, utilization within those blocks would have been 21%. With pooling, however, utilization was 61%, nearly a three-fold increase. Another way of measuring the benefit of pooling is examining the quantity of telephone numbers saved through pooling. With pooling, 176 million telephone numbers were distributed to carriers in pooling areas. Had there been no pooling, over 513 million telephone numbers would have been distributed to the carriers. Thus, about 337 million telephone numbers have been saved through thousands-block pooling. Table 10 shows utilization data for two specialized nongeographic area codes: 500 and 900. Area code 500 is used for “follow me” service, which, among other things, can be used to route an incoming call to different phone numbers, depending on the time of day. Area code 900 is used for information services where the caller is not charged the normal long distance rates set 21 The composition of MSAs may change over time. If a rate center is part of a top 100 MSA at any time after 1990, then the FCC generally requires number pooling. See Fourth NRO Order, 18 FCC Rcd at 12473, para. 2. 22 Most recently, the Commission granted authority to the Idaho, Alabama and Wisconsin commissions to expand pooling to areas outside of the top 100 MSAs. See Numbering Resource Optimization; Implementation of the Local Competition Provisions of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, WC Docket 07-118, CC Docket Nos. 99-200, 96-98, Order, 22 FCC Rcd 16081 (2007). The Commission also has sought comment on whether it should delegate authority to all states to implement mandatory pooling at their discretion. See Numbering Resource Optimization, CC Docket No. 99-200, Order and Fifth Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 21 FCC Rcd 1833 (2006). 23 See The Common Carrier Bureau Announces The First Quarter Schedule For National Thousands-Block Number Pooling, CC Docket No. 99-200, Public Notice, 17 FCC Rcd 103 (2001). See also Numbering Resource Optimization, CC Docket No. 99-200, Order, 17 FCC Rcd 7347 (2002). 24 Calculating the utilization rate had whole NXXs been issued was a 4-step process: 1) the number of thousands-blocks that a carrier held in a rate center was determined; 2) that number was rounded up to the next ten, which is the number of thousands-blocks the carrier would have received if it had received whole NXXs; 3) the number in step 2 was multiplied by 1,000 to calculate the total quantity of telephone numbers the carrier would have had in the rate center; 4) the number of telephone numbers that the carrier actually has in that rate center is then subtracted from the quantity calculated in step 3. 9 by the caller’s long distance carrier, but usually is charged much higher prices that are preset by the call’s recipient. Figures 1 through 4 focus on utilization rates as a function of the number of thousands-blocks that the carriers hold within a local geographic area. 25 We have used rate centers as our measure of local geographic area because thousands blocks are assigned to carriers on a rate- center basis. 26 Carriers serving densely populated areas may need more than one thousands block (each thousands block contains one thousand numbers) to provide service. In these densely populated areas, carriers should generally be able to achieve higher utilization rates than carriers serving less densely populated areas, where one thousands block (or in many rural areas, a whole NXX) may be used to serve just a few customers. Figure 1 shows average incumbent LEC utilization rates as a function of the number of thousands-blocks in a rate center held by a carrier. The points in the figures were calculated using a three-step process. First, thousands-blocks were grouped depending on the number of thousands-blocks held by a carrier within a rate center. Second, the number of thousands- blocks held in a rate center was rounded to the nearest ten, to help protect the confidentiality of the data. Third, the average utilization rates were calculated for each of the groups (i.e., from the group of 10 thousands-blocks per rate center through the group of 1,000 thousands-blocks per rate center). 27 For example, for all instances where a carrier reported from 5 to 14 (which round to 10) thousands-blocks in a rate center, the average utilization rate was calculated. A similar average utilization rate was calculated for all instances where, for a carrier in a rate center, the number of thousands-blocks in a rate center was rounded to 20, 30, and so on through 1,000. To preserve carrier confidentiality, some data points have been collapsed into a single data point. For example, if there were only two companies with 350 thousands-blocks in a rate center, and another two companies with 360 thousands-blocks in a rate center, those data points were collapsed. This way, no carrier-specific data are released. Figures 2 through 4 show the same information for Cellular/PCS carriers, CLECs, and paging carriers. Table 11 focuses on NPA-NXX assignment information. There are three different databases that contain sources of NPA-NXX assignment information: NANPA’s NRUF database, NANPA’s NANP Administration System (NAS) database of NPA-NXX assignments, and the Local Exchange Routing Guide (LERG). 28 For a variety of reasons, the databases are not identical. Timing is a large factor in the differences. For instance, during an area code split, a carrier will maintain both the old and new NPA-NXXs in its systems during the phase called 25 For the purposes of these figures, the utilization rate is defined as the number of telephone numbers assigned to end- user customers divided by 1,000 (the number of telephone numbers in the thousands block). 26 A rate center is a geographic area used to determine distances and prices for local and long distance calls. 27 In order to prevent disclosure of proprietary information, we have grouped some individual data points into clusters so that the specific utilization data for individual carriers cannot be divined by comparing the individual plot points with other data sources. 28 The NANPA’s assignment information can be found online: http://www.nanpa.com/reports/reports_cocodes_assign.html. The analysis in Table 11 examines only those codes that NANPA marked “assigned” (i.e., this study does not examine those codes marked “protected”, “reserved”, “unassignable”, or “vacant”). The LERG is published monthly by Telcordia Technologies. 10 permissive dialing. 29 After permissive dialing ends, the carrier should remove the old NPA- NXXs from its systems. During permissive dialing, some carriers report utilization data for both the old and the new NPA-NXXs. Further, some carriers may not remove the old NPA- NXXs from their systems promptly after permissive dialing ends, and may therefore report utilization data on both the old and the new NPA-NXXs. Also, carriers sometimes delay updating the LERG after an NPA-NXX has been removed from their switch or when the carrier has given the NPA-NXX back to the NANPA. Thus, the NRUF database, the LERG and the NANPA assignment database may not be identical. Table 11 shows the number of NPA-NXXs that appear in the three databases. Table 12 shows the percentage of numbers that have been assigned to end users over time. The utilization rate for incumbent local exchange carriers is slowly declining and cellular/PCS and CLEC utilization rates are generally increasing. The utilization rate for paging continues to drop because the paging market is shrinking. Table 13 shows, on a quarterly basis, the number of NXX assignments made by the NANPA, the number of NXXs that have been returned to the NANPA, and the number of net NXX assignments to carriers. The table shows that fewer NXXs generally are being issued each quarter, and that carriers continue to return unneeded NPA-NXXs to the NANPA for reassignment. Tables 14 through 16 display information on telephone number porting. All telephone number porting information in this report is derived from the local number portability database, which was designed solely for the purpose of routing calls. 30 There are several reasons that the quantity of ported numbers in the database at any given time does not equal the sum of numbers ported in prior months. When consumers who have already ported their telephone numbers do so again, the porting database retains only the most recent porting activity for those numbers. Consumers can also port their numbers back to the original carrier. 31 When this happens, it is counted as a port even though the number drops out of the porting database. 32 Also, carriers sometimes port blocks of numbers to other carriers before reassigning them in the LERG. Once the numbers are reassigned, they can be dropped from the porting database. Table 14 shows, on a monthly basis, the quantities of telephone numbers that have been ported since wireless porting started on November 24, 2003. The table shows that most porting activity is intramodal, that is between two landline carriers or between two mobile carriers. Table 15 shows the quantity of telephone numbers in the porting database at the end of each 29 During permissive dialing, a phone number may be called by using either the old or the new NPA. 30 NeuStar, Inc. is the portability administrator. NeuStar operates seven different porting databases. Commission staff combines information from these databases into a single database. 31 When a customer who is using a ported number discontinues service entirely, the ported number also goes back to the original carrier. 32 Area code splits can cause a number that was at one time ported from Carrier A to Carrier B to appear to be reported from Carrier A to Carrier B, as the database record must be updated to reflect the new area code. When this happens, the old porting record also disappears from the database. 11 quarter. Table 16 is based on ports in the database as of March 31, 2008, and shows the quarter in which the numbers were ported. Table 17 shows the number of ports in the database on a state-by-state basis, and Table 18 shows the number of carriers involved in porting on a state-by-state basis. Table 19 shows the percentage of assigned numbers that were ported. 33 Tables 20 through 24 show information about toll-free numbers in the North American Numbering Plan. AT&T introduced toll-free service in 1967. The Commission changed procedures for routing toll-free calls on May 1, 1993 to make toll-free numbers "portable." This change enabled customers to switch service providers yet still retain their toll-free numbers. Table 20 shows that, between 1993 and 2000, the quantity of assigned toll-free numbers grew rapidly: growing from 3.9 million in 1993 to 24.2 million in 2000. New toll-free calling codes were opened to meet the demand. In March 1996, calling code 888 was placed into service. The third toll-free calling code (877) went into effect April 4, 1998, and the fourth toll-free calling code (866) went into effect July 29, 2000. As of March 31, 2008, there were 24.1 million toll-free numbers assigned. Tables 21 through 24 show the growth of each individual toll-free code: 800, 888, 877, and 866, respectively. In the event that another toll-free code is needed, the 855 code would be opened. Database Service Management, Inc./Team DSMI, a subsidiary of Telcordia Technologies, Inc., maintains the Toll-Free Service Management System for the United States and Canada. Table 25 shows the current list of area codes, the state or territory they serve, and the month the code was opened. Table 26 shows area code assignments since January 1999, along with the month the code was added, and the code that served the area previously. Table 27 shows how dialing patterns differ from state to state. For instance, in some states, callers making local calls within an area code are required to dial only the 7-digit phone number. In other states, callers making local calls must dial the ten-digit phone number (area code plus the phone number). Finally, in some states, local callers must dial a “1” before dialing the area code plus the phone number. Each state’s public utilities commission (or public service commission) determines the calling pattern for each area code in their state. 34 For both local and domestic toll calls, there are two basic types of calls: those within an area code and those between area codes. Table 27 shows the dialing patterns for all four types of calls. The last column of Table 27 indicates whether all toll calls in that state require callers to dial a “1” before the telephone number. 33 Paging carriers are not required to port numbers. 34 The dialing patterns for area codes are listed in the area code database, which can be found at http://www.nanpa.com/area_codes/index.html. 12 Additional Information Additional information too lengthy to include in this report is contained on the Commission’s website. 35 The first set of additional information lists the more than 3,000 filers. The list includes the service provider’s name, its parent name, and its OCN. The second set of information shows, by carrier type and by rate center, the number of assigned telephone numbers and the number of thousands blocks reported in that rate center. Some information has been redacted (asterisked out), to prevent the potential release of non-public data. The information also includes the Metropolitan Statistical Area/Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area in which the rate center resides. 36 The pooling information submitted by NeuStar is also available, and includes the NPA, NXX, X (block number), recipient carrier, date of assignment for the block and other information about the block. NeuStar submitted pooling data as of January 23, 2008. For consistency, only blocks with effective dates through March 31, 2008 were used in creating the tables for this report. Technical Details The following material provides technical details on the data and procedures used in this analysis. With respect to Tables 1 through 3, the reader should note that the number of unique NXXs for each carrier type does not add up to the total number of unique NXXs. 37 This occurs when multiple carriers report data for the same numbering resource. In addition, some carriers reported at the thousands-block level and other carriers reported at the NXX level for the same NXX. In the past, when numbers were transferred from an incumbent LEC to another carrier, these numbers were classified as “assigned” because those numbers could not be used elsewhere in the incumbent LEC’s own system. According to the Commission’s standardized definitions, however, these numbers are classified as “intermediate” numbers. It appears that some large carriers have not reported these numbers as intermediate numbers. Because, in many instances, we were unable to match submissions that report intermediate numbers with submissions that report numbers as being received from another carrier, we had to create filters to ensure that numbers were not double counted. Where a Regional Bell Operating Company (RBOC) has acquired a carrier with CLEC services in the RBOC's operating region, the numbering resources of the acquired CLEC that are in the 35 This report and additional numbering information can be found at http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/number.html. All of the Industry Analysis & Technology Division’s reports are available on the web, and are conveniently categorized. See http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/stats. 36 The rate center’s V&H coordinates from the LERG were used to determine in which MSA/PMSA the rate center resided. If the rate center is not in an MSA/PMSA, then the MSA/PMSA variable is left blank. 37 In some instances, more than one carrier reported numbering utilization data for the same NPA-NXX. Tables 1-3 report on the number of unique NPA-NXXs that were reported by each carrier type and by the industry as a whole. 13 RBOC's operating region are counted as incumbent LEC resources. Where the acquired CLEC provides services outside of the acquirer's operating region, the numbering resources are treated as CLEC resources. For ease of comparison, Figures 1 through 4 plot utilization rates only when there were 1,000 or fewer thousands-blocks in a rate center. Some incumbent LECs and Cellular/PCS carriers reported more than 1,000 unique thousands-blocks in a single rate center. For both types of carriers, however, the average utilization rates in these instances (where the carrier has more than 1,000 thousands blocks in a rate center) were the same as the instances where the carrier has just fewer than 1,000 thousands blocks in a rate center. Therefore, the figures show only the data where the carriers reported up to 1,000 thousands-blocks within a rate center. This allows a linear scale to be used. In some instances, we observed that some CLECs had a large number of thousands-blocks in a single rate center. Although most CLECs do not have enough end-user lines in a rate center to warrant having so many thousands-blocks in that rate center, there are at least two reasons that a CLEC would do so. First, some CLECs provide service to unified messaging services, such as e-fax. 38 These services use large quantities of numbers. 39 Also, VoIP providers generally obtain NANP telephone numbers for their customers by partnering with a local exchange carrier, such as a CLEC, through a commercial arrangement rather than obtaining them directly from a numbering administrator. * * * * We invite users of this information to provide suggestions for improved data collection and analysis by using the attached customer response form, e-mailing comments to craig.stroup@fcc.gov, john.vu@fcc.gov, or calling the Industry Analysis and Technology Division at (202) 418-0940 (for TTY, call (202) 418-0484). 38 Unified messaging services allow end users to receive multiple types of messages (such as voice mail and faxes) at one phone number. Typically, these messages are then digitized and e-mailed to the end user. Because the end user does not need to answer the call personally, the messages can be sent to any phone number in the United States. Thus, unified messaging service providers can operate efficiently by obtaining a large number of thousands blocks in a single rate center. 39 Carriers assigning numbers to unified messaging services are instructed to report numbers as “intermediate” until the numbers are assigned by the unified messaging service providers to end users. Some carriers have assigned large quantities of numbers to unified messaging services but may not have received information back from the unified messaging company as to whether those numbers had been assigned to end users. This may explain why some carriers reported dozens of NXXs in a single rate center, yet classified all those numbers as intermediate rather than assigned. Table 1 Number Utilization by Carrier Type as of December 31, 2007 Assigned Intermediate Reserved Aging Admin Available 1 Total Unique Carrier Type (Thousands of telephone numbers) NXXs Incumbent LEC 294,213 13,811 6,032 12,694 11,029 242,890 580,668 65,540 Cellular/PCS 260,143 3,029 1,651 14,799 3,637 117,291 400,551 51,604 CLEC 78,825 9,517 2,975 4,959 1,521 194,855 292,651 44,507 Paging 5,854 594 456 598 127 75,017 82,646 6,066 All Reporting Carriers 639,036 26,951 11,114 33,049 16,313 630,053 1,356,516 136,828 2 Incumbent LEC 50.7% 2.4% 1.0% 2.2% 1.9% 41.8% 100.0% Cellular/PCS 65.0% 0.8% 0.4% 3.7% 0.9% 29.3% 100.0% CLEC 26.9% 3.3% 1.0% 1.7% 0.5% 66.6% 100.0% Paging 7.1% 0.7% 0.6% 0.7% 0.2% 90.8% 100.0% All Reporting Carriers 47.1% 2.0% 0.8% 2.4% 1.2% 46.5% 100.0% Table 2 Detail of Number Utilization: Non-rural Carriers (Reported at the Thousands-block Level) Assigned Intermediate Reserved Aging Admin Available 1 Total Unique Carrier Type (Thousands of telephone numbers) NXXs Incumbent LEC 284,372 13,078 5,073 12,049 10,678 195,869 521,118 59,627 Cellular/PCS 258,327 2,950 1,514 14,664 3,522 110,999 391,975 50,783 CLEC 78,271 9,443 2,845 4,932 1,474 187,526 284,491 43,755 Paging 5,499 374 290 530 87 69,164 75,944 5,424 All Reporting Carriers 626,467 25,845 9,721 32,176 15,760 563,558 1,273,528 128,933 2 Incumbent LEC 54.6% 2.5% 1.0% 2.3% 2.1% 37.6% 100.0% Cellular/PCS 65.9% 0.8% 0.4% 3.7% 0.9% 28.3% 100.0% CLEC 27.5% 3.3% 1.0% 1.7% 0.5% 65.9% 100.0% Paging 7.2% 0.5% 0.4% 0.7% 0.1% 91.1% 100.0% All Reporting Carriers 49.2% 2.0% 0.8% 2.5% 1.2% 44.3% 100.0% Table 3 Detail of Number Utilization: Rural Carriers (Reported at the NXX Level) Assigned Intermediate Reserved Aging Admin Available 1 Total Unique Carrier Type (Thousands of telephone numbers) NXXs Incumbent LEC 9,842 733 959 645 351 47,020 59,550 5,954 Cellular/PCS 1,816 79 137 135 115 6,293 8,575 837 CLEC 554 74 130 27 47 7,328 8,161 813 Paging 356 220 166 67 40 5,853 6,702 642 All Reporting Carriers 12,568 1,106 1,393 873 553 66,494 82,988 8,237 2 Incumbent LEC 16.5% 1.2% 1.6% 1.1% 0.6% 79.0% 100.0% Cellular/PCS 21.2% 0.9% 1.6% 1.6% 1.3% 73.4% 100.0% CLEC 6.8% 0.9% 1.6% 0.3% 0.6% 89.8% 100.0% Paging 5.3% 3.3% 2.5% 1.0% 0.6% 87.3% 100.0% All Reporting Carriers 15.1% 1.3% 1.7% 1.1% 0.7% 80.1% 100.0% Source: Numbering Resource Utilization/Forecast Reports data filed with NeuStar, Inc. as of March 31, 2008 (98% of NXXs reported). 1 Includes only telephone numbers in NXXs assigned to carriers and are therefore available for assignment to customers. Does not include any numbers in NXXs that have not yet been assigned to carriers. 2 Unduplicated total. Note: Figures may not add due to rounding. Where an RBOC has acquired a carrier with CLEC services in the RBOC's operating region, the numbering resources of the acquired CLEC that are in the RBOC's operating region are counted as incumbent LEC resources. Where the acquired CLEC provides services outside of the acquirer's operating region, the numbering resources are treated as CLEC resources. 14 Table 4 Telephone Number Utilization by State as of December 31, 2007 Assigned Intermediate Reserved Aging Administrative Available 1 Total State/jurisdiction 000s % 000s % 000s % 000s % 000s % 000s % 000s Alabama 9,148 42.4 557 2.6 318 1.5 515 2.4 259 1.2 10,779 50.0 21,576 Alaska 1,405 25.9 22 0.4 34 0.6 94 1.7 25 0.5 3,847 70.9 5,427 American Samoa 20 68.1 0 0.0 1 2.8 1 3.3 0 1.6 7 24.2 30 Arizona 12,889 61.9 356 1.7 179 0.9 645 3.1 204 1.0 6,566 31.5 20,838 Arkansas 4,809 33.8 569 4.0 68 0.5 278 2.0 191 1.3 8,297 58.4 14,212 California 78,028 50.4 4,910 3.2 638 0.4 4,237 2.7 2,735 1.8 64,223 41.5 154,771 Colorado 11,629 56.6 72 0.4 126 0.6 591 2.9 328 1.6 7,796 37.9 20,543 Connecticut 7,648 51.1 300 2.0 107 0.7 301 2.0 234 1.6 6,369 42.6 14,960 Delaware 2,564 55.7 19 0.4 77 1.7 111 2.4 27 0.6 1,802 39.2 4,599 District of Columbia 4,236 73.6 17 0.3 125 2.2 147 2.5 36 0.6 1,195 20.8 5,755 Florida 37,933 53.6 2,042 2.9 414 0.6 2,539 3.6 1,037 1.5 26,837 37.9 70,801 Georgia 19,386 48.6 1,796 4.5 227 0.6 1,239 3.1 440 1.1 16,775 42.1 39,862 Guam 204 32.9 0 0.0 1 0.2 8 1.4 4 0.7 402 64.8 620 Hawaii 2,821 56.0 14 0.3 26 0.5 106 2.1 170 3.4 1,899 37.7 5,037 Idaho 2,850 45.0 29 0.5 57 0.9 144 2.3 91 1.4 3,170 50.0 6,340 Illinois 27,971 45.6 762 1.2 265 0.4 1,290 2.1 628 1.0 30,439 49.6 61,356 Indiana 10,986 40.4 486 1.8 119 0.4 521 1.9 342 1.3 14,748 54.2 27,202 Iowa 7,300 36.0 313 1.5 144 0.7 271 1.3 146 0.7 12,128 59.7 20,302 Kansas 5,097 31.2 533 3.3 122 0.7 266 1.6 175 1.1 10,144 62.1 16,337 Kentucky 7,602 36.3 521 2.5 103 0.5 433 2.1 144 0.7 12,133 57.9 20,937 Louisiana 8,672 41.6 561 2.7 116 0.6 485 2.3 222 1.1 10,781 51.7 20,837 Maine 2,575 47.5 29 0.5 224 4.1 100 1.8 41 0.8 2,450 45.2 5,418 Maryland 14,751 57.5 66 0.3 269 1.0 609 2.4 185 0.7 9,785 38.1 25,666 Massachusetts 19,499 51.6 57 0.2 735 1.9 833 2.2 266 0.7 16,405 43.4 37,794 Michigan 19,653 39.3 601 1.2 292 0.6 937 1.9 657 1.3 27,884 55.7 50,024 Minnesota 11,438 42.2 218 0.8 345 1.3 487 1.8 196 0.7 14,393 53.2 27,077 Mississippi 4,755 29.1 309 1.9 110 0.7 337 2.1 141 0.9 10,672 65.4 16,323 Missouri 10,996 38.0 553 1.9 188 0.7 623 2.2 329 1.1 16,218 56.1 28,907 Montana 1,562 24.7 23 0.4 38 0.6 93 1.5 38 0.6 4,580 72.3 6,334 Nebraska 3,361 32.7 138 1.3 52 0.5 144 1.4 79 0.8 6,507 63.3 10,281 Nevada 5,225 51.0 1,300 12.7 37 0.4 343 3.3 97 1.0 3,246 31.7 10,248 New Hampshire 3,342 49.5 26 0.4 71 1.1 115 1.7 38 0.6 3,159 46.8 6,752 New Jersey 21,010 51.9 189 0.5 507 1.3 960 2.4 279 0.7 17,523 43.3 40,468 New Mexico 3,546 48.6 73 1.0 40 0.5 178 2.4 87 1.2 3,369 46.2 7,293 New York 43,326 56.9 615 0.8 1,283 1.7 2,101 2.8 563 0.7 28,193 37.1 76,082 North Carolina 17,811 48.0 1,087 2.9 162 0.4 1,078 2.9 459 1.2 16,521 44.5 37,116 North Dakota 1,105 19.8 43 0.8 10 0.2 50 0.9 40 0.7 4,331 77.6 5,579 Northern Marianas Is 65 25.2 1 0.4 18 6.9 13 4.9 0 0.1 161 62.5 258 Ohio 22,162 44.0 1,136 2.3 165 0.3 1,003 2.0 577 1.1 25,341 50.3 50,384 Oklahoma 6,024 33.1 556 3.1 60 0.3 412 2.3 212 1.2 10,910 60.0 18,173 Oregon 7,407 51.1 122 0.8 137 0.9 362 2.5 197 1.4 6,265 43.2 14,490 Pennsylvania 26,785 47.5 244 0.4 970 1.7 1,263 2.2 377 0.7 26,752 47.4 56,391 Puerto Rico 3,321 52.7 20 0.3 98 1.6 157 2.5 76 1.2 2,626 41.7 6,299 Rhode Island 3,014 58.0 7 0.1 60 1.1 103 2.0 22 0.4 1,991 38.3 5,197 South Carolina 8,409 49.0 562 3.3 110 0.6 454 2.6 289 1.7 7,347 42.8 17,171 South Dakota 1,284 22.5 32 0.6 38 0.7 72 1.3 47 0.8 4,223 74.1 5,696 Tennessee 11,986 46.8 712 2.8 119 0.5 693 2.7 261 1.0 11,814 46.2 25,584 Texas 47,747 45.4 2,738 2.6 698 0.7 2,864 2.7 2,112 2.0 49,031 46.6 105,190 Utah 5,924 54.8 108 1.0 68 0.6 239 2.2 141 1.3 4,327 40.0 10,806 Vermont 2,207 46.9 10 0.2 46 1.0 44 0.9 53 1.1 2,349 49.9 4,709 Virgin Islands 99 62.0 0 0.0 0 0.1 10 6.2 1 0.3 50 31.4 160 Virginia 17,470 57.8 122 0.4 374 1.2 881 2.9 215 0.7 11,174 37.0 30,234 Washington 14,267 54.2 999 3.8 146 0.6 687 2.6 409 1.6 9,810 37.3 26,318 West Virginia 2,681 44.2 59 1.0 79 1.3 115 1.9 60 1.0 3,075 50.7 6,069 Wisconsin 10,033 38.5 308 1.2 285 1.1 399 1.5 290 1.1 14,769 56.6 26,084 Wyoming 996 27.7 12 0.3 13 0.4 67 1.9 43 1.2 2,466 68.6 3,596 Totals 639,036 47.1 26,951 2.0 11,114 0.8 33,049 2.4 16,313 1.2 630,053 46.4 1,356,516 Source: Numbering Resource Utilization/Forecast Reports data filed with NeuStar, Inc. as of March 31, 2008. 1 Includes only telephone numbers in NXXs assigned to carriers and are therefore available for assignment to customers. Does not include any numbers in NXXs that have not yet been assigned to carriers. Note: Figures may not add due to rounding. 15 Table 5 Number of Carriers Reporting Numbering Resources as of December 31, 2007 1 Paging Unduplicated State/jurisdiction Incumbent LEC 2 Cellular/PCS 2 CLEC 2 Carriers 2 Total Carriers Alabama 28 20 30 10 88 Alaska 22 11 3 1 37 American Samoa 0 1 0 0 1 Arizona 18 15 32 6 71 Arkansas 31 12 17 5 65 California 24 18 54 10 103 Colorado 29 16 28 6 79 Connecticut 3 6 20 3 31 Delaware 3 5 23 4 35 District of Columbia 3 5 24 4 36 Florida 14 20 55 7 93 Georgia 34 18 41 6 99 Guam 1 5 1 0 7 Hawaii 2 6 6 2 16 Idaho 26 16 18 5 64 Illinois 52 16 44 5 115 Indiana 42 17 41 5 104 Iowa 159 17 55 3 234 Kansas 43 17 30 5 95 Kentucky 19 21 39 4 83 Louisiana 21 14 26 6 67 Maine 23 8 14 3 48 Maryland 4 10 38 5 57 Massachusetts 6 7 30 3 46 Michigan 36 20 46 6 106 Minnesota 95 14 60 2 171 Mississippi 19 17 29 6 71 Missouri 42 19 36 6 103 Montana 19 6 16 2 43 Nebraska 47 14 19 2 82 Nevada 11 10 26 4 51 New Hampshire 13 9 19 4 45 New Jersey 5 8 41 4 56 New Mexico 16 14 15 3 48 New York 36 12 45 8 100 North Carolina 26 16 34 5 79 North Dakota 36 8 15 2 61 Northern Marianas Is 1 3 0 0 4 Ohio 40 22 46 4 108 Oklahoma 42 19 18 6 85 Oregon 36 12 31 3 81 Pennsylvania 38 21 51 7 115 Puerto Rico 1 4 4 1 10 Rhode Island 2 5 14 3 24 South Carolina 25 12 35 2 73 South Dakota 47 8 15 1 71 Tennessee 27 16 36 4 83 Texas 65 34 57 15 168 Utah 13 14 20 2 49 Vermont 11 5 10 4 30 Virgin Islands 0 3 0 0 3 Virginia 21 14 41 5 79 Washington 29 12 39 7 84 West Virginia 8 15 15 6 43 Wisconsin 89 18 37 5 148 Wyoming 17 12 10 2 41 Unduplicated Total 1,330 353 1,321 91 3,071 Source: Numbering Resource Utilization/Forecast Reports data filed with NeuStar, Inc. as of March 31, 2008. 1 Company numbers determined by counting operating company numbers (OCNs). Carriers typically obtain at least one OCN per state in which they do business. Thus, carriers with multiple OCNs are counted multiple times. An exception was made for those RBOCs that have acquired a company with CLEC operations within their operating areas. Although the acquired CLEC's numbers have been treated as Incumbent LEC numbers throughout this report, the acquired CLEC's OCN was not counted as an Incumbent LEC OCN in-region. Where the acquired CLEC operates outside of the acquiring RBOC's operating area, the CLEC's OCN was counted as a CLEC. 2 Carriers occasionally misclassify the type of service that they provide. For instance, the CLEC operations of incumbent LECs are occasionally classified as incumbent LEC operations. 16 Table 6 Telephone Number Utilization by Area Code as of December 31, 2007 Area Code State/Jurisdiction Area Code Opened Assigned Intermediate Reserved Aging Admin Available OCNs 201 New Jersey January-47 56.4% 0.6% 1.4% 2.4% 0.6% 38.6% 42 202 District of Columbia January-47 73.6% 0.3% 2.2% 2.5% 0.6% 20.8% 36 203 Connecticut January-47 53.9% 2.7% 0.8% 2.1% 1.9% 38.6% 32 205 Alabama January-47 49.1% 2.6% 2.5% 2.8% 2.0% 41.1% 45 206 Washington January-47 66.2% 1.1% 0.6% 2.7% 1.9% 27.6% 32 207 Maine January-47 47.5% 0.5% 4.1% 1.8% 0.8% 45.2% 48 208 Idaho January-47 45.0% 0.5% 0.9% 2.3% 1.4% 50.0% 64 209 California January-58 41.1% 3.8% 0.4% 2.2% 2.0% 50.6% 38 210 Texas November-92 63.2% 4.2% 0.8% 3.9% 1.3% 26.7% 32 212 New York January-47 75.0% 0.2% 4.9% 3.0% 1.4% 15.4% 30 213 California January-47 44.4% 1.8% 0.6% 4.4% 1.8% 47.1% 47 214 Texas January-47 61.2% 0.7% 0.5% 3.5% 2.6% 31.5% 44 215 Pennsylvania January-47 59.5% 0.3% 2.7% 2.4% 0.9% 34.1% 38 216 Ohio January-47 48.8% 1.4% 0.4% 2.3% 1.4% 45.7% 30 217 Illinois January-47 33.0% 1.6% 0.3% 1.2% 1.4% 62.6% 44 218 Minnesota January-47 23.6% 2.3% 1.0% 1.1% 0.4% 71.6% 66 219 Indiana January-47 44.1% 2.7% 0.3% 2.0% 1.2% 49.8% 32 224 Illinois January-02 39.0% 0.7% 0.4% 2.0% 0.8% 57.1% 28 225 Louisiana August-98 50.8% 3.2% 0.4% 2.8% 1.6% 41.3% 33 228 Mississippi September-97 34.1% 1.3% 0.4% 2.2% 0.9% 61.2% 28 229 Georgia August-00 28.3% 6.8% 0.4% 2.5% 0.5% 61.5% 36 231 Michigan June-99 28.7% 1.0% 0.6% 1.5% 0.8% 67.3% 36 234 Ohio October-00 12.7% 5.7% 0.1% 0.7% 0.6% 80.3% 14 239 Florida March-02 55.5% 1.0% 0.3% 3.5% 0.6% 39.0% 26 240 Maryland June-97 53.4% 0.4% 0.3% 2.5% 0.8% 42.6% 43 248 Michigan May-97 48.4% 1.1% 0.5% 2.1% 1.5% 46.5% 39 251 Alabama June-01 42.0% 2.3% 1.2% 2.2% 1.0% 51.4% 38 252 North Carolina March-98 36.3% 1.4% 0.2% 3.1% 0.5% 58.6% 33 253 Washington April-97 54.4% 6.9% 0.5% 3.1% 1.2% 34.0% 31 254 Texas May-97 31.6% 2.7% 0.2% 2.4% 2.7% 60.4% 40 256 Alabama March-98 44.5% 2.3% 1.5% 1.9% 1.0% 48.7% 46 260 Indiana January-02 38.6% 0.9% 0.6% 1.3% 1.7% 57.0% 30 262 Wisconsin September-99 38.6% 1.1% 1.1% 1.5% 0.7% 57.0% 39 267 Pennsylvania July-99 41.1% 0.2% 0.5% 3.4% 0.4% 54.5% 38 269 Michigan July-02 37.4% 1.6% 0.9% 2.1% 1.4% 56.6% 45 270 Kentucky April-99 29.4% 2.7% 0.4% 2.0% 0.5% 65.0% 51 276 Virginia September-01 34.3% 0.8% 0.4% 3.0% 0.7% 60.8% 34 281 Texas November-96 50.6% 3.1% 0.7% 3.2% 1.2% 41.2% 40 301 Maryland January-47 61.2% 0.3% 1.1% 2.2% 0.8% 34.5% 40 302 Delaware January-47 55.7% 0.4% 1.7% 2.4% 0.6% 39.2% 35 303 Colorado January-47 67.6% 0.4% 0.7% 2.6% 2.1% 26.5% 36 304 West Virginia January-47 44.2% 1.0% 1.3% 1.9% 1.0% 50.7% 43 305 Florida January-47 57.0% 4.2% 0.7% 4.2% 1.5% 32.5% 40 307 Wyoming January-47 27.7% 0.3% 0.4% 1.9% 1.2% 68.6% 41 308 Nebraska January-55 16.9% 1.2% 1.0% 1.0% 0.8% 79.2% 45 309 Illinois January-57 38.4% 1.3% 0.8% 1.8% 1.1% 56.6% 49 310 California November-91 65.0% 1.7% 0.5% 3.0% 1.7% 28.2% 45 312 Illinois January-47 51.8% 1.7% 0.4% 1.8% 1.7% 42.6% 33 313 Michigan January-47 44.6% 1.9% 0.5% 3.1% 1.5% 48.4% 35 314 Missouri January-47 56.8% 2.9% 0.6% 2.8% 1.3% 35.7% 29 315 New York January-47 41.8% 1.2% 0.7% 1.7% 0.7% 53.9% 45 316 Kansas January-47 48.9% 3.6% 1.0% 2.5% 1.6% 42.4% 26 317 Indiana January-47 53.3% 2.2% 0.5% 2.8% 1.5% 39.6% 42 318 Louisiana January-57 36.2% 2.3% 0.3% 2.3% 0.8% 58.2% 36 319 Iowa January-47 42.0% 1.7% 0.4% 1.5% 1.4% 53.0% 59 17 Table 6 Telephone Number Utilization by Area Code as of December 31, 2007 Area Code State/Jurisdiction Area Code Opened Assigned Intermediate Reserved Aging Admin Available OCNs 320 Minnesota March-96 25.1% 0.9% 1.3% 1.4% 0.3% 71.0% 58 321 Florida November-99 57.6% 2.9% 0.3% 3.7% 0.9% 34.6% 39 323 California June-98 55.7% 1.4% 0.3% 4.5% 1.6% 36.5% 46 325 Texas April-03 30.3% 1.6% 1.1% 1.9% 1.8% 63.4% 32 330 Ohio March-96 46.2% 2.0% 0.2% 2.0% 1.0% 48.6% 39 331 Illinois October-07 3.5% 0.3% 0.0% 0.9% 10.9% 84.3% 9 334 Alabama January-95 32.6% 3.0% 0.5% 2.7% 0.8% 60.4% 57 336 North Carolina December-97 50.5% 3.3% 0.3% 2.6% 1.5% 41.7% 51 337 Louisiana October-99 37.0% 2.3% 0.3% 1.9% 0.6% 57.9% 36 339 Massachusetts May-01 30.6% 0.7% 1.3% 0.9% 0.9% 65.6% 15 340 Virgin Islands June-97 62.0% 0.0% 0.1% 6.2% 0.3% 31.4% 3 347 New York October-99 69.9% 1.8% 0.9% 6.1% 0.7% 20.7% 32 351 Massachusetts May-01 20.8% 0.0% 0.0% 2.6% 0.1% 76.5% 1 352 Florida December-95 47.4% 1.6% 0.1% 3.3% 0.8% 46.7% 34 360 Washington January-95 52.0% 1.3% 0.5% 2.4% 1.4% 42.5% 56 361 Texas February-99 26.9% 2.2% 0.3% 1.8% 1.4% 67.4% 34 386 Florida February-01 45.5% 3.3% 0.2% 3.0% 0.7% 47.3% 38 401 Rhode Island January-47 58.0% 0.1% 1.1% 2.0% 0.4% 38.3% 24 402 Nebraska January-47 39.4% 1.4% 0.3% 1.6% 0.7% 56.5% 55 404 Georgia January-47 65.7% 3.9% 0.5% 3.4% 2.4% 24.2% 37 405 Oklahoma January-47 46.3% 3.6% 0.3% 3.9% 1.2% 44.7% 41 406 Montana January-47 24.7% 0.4% 0.6% 1.5% 0.6% 72.3% 43 407 Florida April-88 54.4% 3.3% 0.3% 4.2% 0.9% 36.9% 41 408 California January-59 56.6% 3.9% 0.6% 2.5% 1.2% 35.2% 39 409 Texas November-82 31.3% 5.8% 0.3% 1.7% 1.3% 59.6% 35 410 Maryland October-91 61.7% 0.1% 1.8% 2.4% 0.8% 33.2% 40 412 Pennsylvania January-47 47.2% 0.2% 2.1% 2.5% 1.1% 47.0% 31 413 Massachusetts January-47 54.4% 0.2% 1.5% 1.8% 0.4% 41.7% 31 414 Wisconsin January-47 54.7% 2.2% 0.6% 2.7% 1.4% 38.3% 26 415 California January-47 51.0% 2.5% 0.9% 2.1% 1.4% 42.0% 41 417 Missouri January-50 31.0% 2.7% 0.7% 1.8% 1.4% 62.4% 51 419 Ohio January-47 35.9% 4.9% 0.4% 1.4% 1.4% 55.9% 56 423 Tennessee September-95 44.6% 2.4% 0.3% 2.8% 0.9% 48.9% 44 424 California August-06 26.0% 2.1% 1.4% 3.3% 3.2% 64.1% 32 425 Washington April-97 57.1% 5.4% 0.6% 2.8% 2.0% 32.1% 33 430 Texas February-03 9.7% 41.4% 8.3% 0.3% 3.6% 36.6% 8 432 Texas April-03 35.2% 2.7% 1.5% 2.9% 1.7% 56.0% 26 434 Virginia June-01 45.4% 0.8% 1.1% 3.6% 0.4% 48.7% 28 435 Utah September-97 28.9% 1.3% 0.7% 1.4% 1.0% 66.7% 46 440 Ohio August-97 45.2% 1.8% 0.3% 1.7% 0.7% 50.3% 36 443 Maryland June-97 50.4% 0.3% 0.5% 2.5% 0.5% 45.8% 41 469 Texas July-99 56.7% 0.7% 0.6% 3.5% 1.1% 37.3% 36 478 Georgia August-00 39.8% 4.7% 0.5% 2.9% 1.0% 51.1% 38 479 Arkansas January-02 38.5% 3.8% 0.6% 2.4% 1.0% 53.7% 37 480 Arizona March-99 75.5% 0.6% 1.2% 3.9% 1.1% 17.7% 31 484 Pennsylvania June-99 36.4% 0.4% 1.9% 2.1% 0.4% 58.7% 47 501 Arkansas January-47 44.0% 4.3% 0.3% 2.1% 2.2% 47.0% 33 502 Kentucky January-47 50.2% 3.8% 0.4% 2.6% 1.3% 41.7% 33 503 Oregon January-47 59.5% 1.0% 0.5% 2.6% 1.7% 34.8% 48 504 Louisiana January-47 48.0% 4.1% 0.3% 2.5% 1.4% 43.7% 28 505 New Mexico January-47 53.9% 0.8% 0.5% 2.7% 1.3% 40.8% 36 507 Minnesota January-54 22.7% 0.8% 2.7% 1.2% 0.3% 72.4% 80 508 Massachusetts July-88 58.9% 0.1% 2.4% 2.2% 1.0% 35.4% 37 509 Washington January-57 43.2% 5.9% 0.6% 2.3% 1.2% 46.7% 50 510 California September-91 48.6% 4.0% 0.3% 2.7% 1.4% 43.0% 34 18 Table 6 Telephone Number Utilization by Area Code as of December 31, 2007 Area Code State/Jurisdiction Area Code Opened Assigned Intermediate Reserved Aging Admin Available OCNs 512 Texas January-47 57.5% 3.0% 0.9% 3.0% 2.3% 33.2% 36 513 Ohio January-47 57.3% 0.9% 0.4% 3.1% 1.2% 37.0% 33 515 Iowa January-47 55.3% 1.1% 1.0% 1.4% 1.0% 40.2% 50 516 New York January-51 55.1% 0.4% 1.6% 2.3% 0.8% 39.9% 39 517 Michigan January-47 38.4% 1.4% 0.6% 1.4% 1.4% 56.8% 51 518 New York January-47 48.0% 1.2% 0.6% 2.0% 0.7% 47.5% 44 520 Arizona March-95 58.8% 1.1% 0.9% 3.0% 1.0% 35.2% 41 530 California November-97 33.9% 6.9% 0.2% 1.6% 1.4% 56.1% 47 540 Virginia July-95 52.1% 0.4% 1.4% 2.8% 0.9% 42.4% 42 541 Oregon November-95 41.5% 0.4% 1.6% 2.2% 1.1% 53.2% 57 551 New Jersey December-01 64.5% 0.5% 4.3% 3.5% 0.3% 26.9% 10 559 California November-98 40.3% 5.4% 0.2% 2.4% 1.9% 49.9% 31 561 Florida May-96 57.4% 3.8% 0.7% 3.6% 1.5% 33.0% 40 562 California January-97 49.9% 1.2% 0.3% 3.3% 2.4% 42.8% 43 563 Iowa March-01 35.6% 1.6% 0.3% 1.8% 0.6% 60.2% 51 567 Ohio January-02 12.7% 2.8% 0.2% 0.8% 0.2% 83.4% 29 570 Pennsylvania December-98 42.4% 0.9% 2.8% 2.2% 0.5% 51.2% 47 571 Virginia March-00 61.9% 0.2% 0.7% 3.1% 0.6% 33.5% 32 573 Missouri January-96 30.4% 0.7% 0.6% 1.8% 0.5% 66.0% 45 574 Indiana January-02 40.7% 1.5% 0.4% 1.4% 0.9% 55.0% 37 575 New Mexico October-07 36.2% 1.4% 0.6% 1.9% 1.0% 58.9% 28 580 Oklahoma November-97 17.1% 2.2% 0.3% 1.3% 1.1% 77.9% 51 585 New York November-01 54.9% 1.0% 5.0% 1.2% 0.4% 37.5% 31 586 Michigan September-01 39.6% 0.9% 0.5% 2.0% 0.6% 56.5% 32 601 Mississippi January-47 31.3% 2.0% 0.6% 2.1% 1.0% 63.0% 44 602 Arizona January-47 66.3% 0.5% 0.7% 3.1% 1.0% 28.3% 33 603 New Hampshire January-47 49.5% 0.4% 1.1% 1.7% 0.6% 46.8% 45 605 South Dakota January-47 22.5% 0.6% 0.7% 1.3% 0.8% 74.1% 71 606 Kentucky January-55 25.9% 1.6% 0.7% 1.6% 0.5% 69.7% 38 607 New York January-54 38.7% 1.3% 0.5% 1.3% 0.3% 57.8% 28 608 Wisconsin January-55 40.4% 1.0% 1.4% 1.4% 1.5% 54.3% 68 609 New Jersey January-57 54.8% 0.4% 0.8% 2.2% 0.6% 41.2% 38 610 Pennsylvania January-94 57.7% 0.2% 2.4% 1.9% 0.6% 37.2% 51 612 Minnesota January-47 63.3% 0.4% 0.7% 2.5% 1.5% 31.7% 40 614 Ohio January-47 54.4% 2.1% 0.5% 2.3% 2.0% 38.8% 32 615 Tennessee January-54 54.9% 3.6% 0.4% 2.8% 1.5% 36.7% 37 616 Michigan January-47 48.1% 0.9% 1.0% 2.1% 1.9% 46.0% 36 617 Massachusetts January-47 61.2% 0.1% 3.1% 2.7% 0.9% 31.9% 35 618 Illinois January-47 32.7% 0.8% 0.6% 1.5% 1.2% 63.2% 51 619 California January-82 55.2% 2.8% 0.5% 3.0% 2.2% 36.3% 40 620 Kansas February-01 18.5% 3.3% 1.0% 1.1% 0.3% 75.9% 58 623 Arizona March-99 72.3% 1.2% 1.1% 4.3% 1.6% 19.5% 28 626 California June-97 53.2% 1.6% 0.4% 2.7% 1.6% 40.5% 44 630 Illinois August-96 50.0% 1.5% 0.4% 2.1% 0.8% 45.2% 31 631 New York November-99 49.4% 0.6% 1.1% 2.6% 0.5% 45.8% 37 636 Missouri May-99 37.6% 1.0% 0.8% 1.8% 1.8% 57.0% 27 641 Iowa July-00 28.1% 1.9% 0.7% 1.1% 0.3% 67.9% 60 646 New York July-99 75.7% 1.4% 0.8% 5.0% 0.7% 16.5% 35 650 California August-97 43.3% 4.2% 0.2% 2.1% 1.2% 48.9% 34 651 Minnesota July-98 66.6% 0.1% 1.0% 2.5% 1.1% 28.8% 46 660 Missouri October-97 14.5% 0.6% 0.6% 1.1% 0.6% 82.6% 48 661 California February-99 45.4% 4.0% 0.2% 2.4% 1.9% 46.1% 43 662 Mississippi April-99 25.4% 2.0% 0.9% 2.0% 0.6% 69.1% 57 670 Northern Marianas Is July-97 25.2% 0.4% 6.9% 4.9% 0.1% 62.5% 4 671 Guam July-97 32.9% 0.0% 0.2% 1.4% 0.7% 64.8% 7 678 Georgia January-98 50.4% 2.2% 0.6% 4.3% 0.9% 41.6% 50 682 Texas October-00 41.7% 1.0% 1.7% 2.9% 2.4% 50.2% 23 684 American Samoa October-04 68.1% 0.0% 2.8% 3.3% 1.6% 24.2% 1 701 North Dakota January-47 19.8% 0.8% 0.2% 0.9% 0.7% 77.6% 61 702 Nevada January-47 64.4% 4.1% 0.4% 4.8% 0.8% 25.6% 35 19 Table 6 Telephone Number Utilization by Area Code as of December 31, 2007 Area Code State/Jurisdiction Area Code Opened Assigned Intermediate Reserved Aging Admin Available OCNs 703 Virginia January-47 69.0% 0.1% 1.2% 2.4% 0.6% 26.7% 36 704 North Carolina January-47 52.7% 4.4% 0.5% 3.3% 1.6% 37.5% 40 706 Georgia May-92 42.7% 3.6% 0.5% 2.5% 1.0% 49.7% 67 707 California January-59 40.4% 4.6% 0.2% 1.7% 1.5% 51.6% 40 708 Illinois November-89 42.0% 0.8% 0.2% 2.3% 0.8% 53.9% 31 712 Iowa January-47 20.0% 1.4% 1.0% 1.1% 0.4% 76.1% 95 713 Texas January-47 59.0% 2.6% 1.2% 2.6% 1.2% 33.4% 36 714 California January-51 57.7% 1.4% 0.6% 3.2% 1.8% 35.2% 44 715 Wisconsin January-47 29.8% 1.0% 0.6% 1.1% 0.9% 66.6% 85 716 New York January-47 52.2% 1.2% 1.2% 2.4% 0.8% 42.3% 29 717 Pennsylvania January-47 56.5% 0.4% 1.2% 2.0% 0.7% 39.2% 36 718 New York September-84 66.6% 0.2% 2.1% 3.9% 1.1% 26.0% 36 719 Colorado March-88 49.5% 0.2% 0.5% 3.2% 1.3% 45.4% 39 720 Colorado June-98 63.7% 0.6% 1.0% 4.3% 1.4% 29.0% 27 724 Pennsylvania February-98 36.8% 0.7% 0.7% 2.4% 0.5% 58.8% 53 727 Florida July-98 57.2% 1.4% 0.6% 2.9% 2.7% 35.1% 38 731 Tennessee February-01 28.9% 1.7% 0.3% 1.7% 0.7% 66.7% 34 732 New Jersey June-97 52.8% 0.6% 1.6% 2.3% 0.6% 42.1% 34 734 Michigan December-97 43.4% 0.7% 0.7% 1.8% 0.8% 52.6% 46 740 Ohio December-97 33.8% 2.1% 0.2% 1.7% 0.9% 61.3% 45 754 Florida August-01 61.5% 0.4% 0.0% 1.7% 1.5% 34.9% 6 757 Virginia July-96 61.4% 0.5% 1.2% 2.9% 0.7% 33.4% 25 760 California March-97 49.1% 4.1% 0.3% 2.9% 2.0% 41.5% 54 763 Minnesota February-00 60.6% 0.1% 0.9% 2.6% 0.9% 34.9% 45 765 Indiana February-97 30.1% 1.7% 0.2% 1.4% 0.8% 65.7% 54 769 Mississippi March-05 13.6% 0.1% 0.6% 2.0% 1.4% 82.2% 13 770 Georgia August-95 57.3% 6.8% 0.3% 2.9% 0.9% 31.7% 43 772 Florida February-02 52.1% 2.4% 1.4% 3.2% 2.5% 38.4% 35 773 Illinois October-96 54.2% 1.0% 0.3% 4.3% 0.7% 39.6% 32 774 Massachusetts May-01 30.5% 0.2% 1.0% 1.4% 0.5% 66.4% 29 775 Nevada December-98 32.8% 24.4% 0.3% 1.4% 1.2% 39.9% 37 779 Illinois March-07 19.0% 0.5% 11.4% 2.6% 0.2% 66.2% 9 781 Massachusetts September-97 45.7% 0.1% 1.1% 2.3% 0.5% 50.3% 34 785 Kansas July-97 22.4% 4.1% 0.6% 1.1% 1.1% 70.8% 58 786 Florida March-98 60.6% 1.3% 0.9% 4.7% 1.0% 31.5% 36 787 Puerto Rico March-96 53.3% 0.3% 1.4% 2.5% 1.3% 41.1% 10 801 Utah January-47 67.4% 0.9% 0.6% 2.6% 1.4% 27.1% 27 802 Vermont January-47 46.9% 0.2% 1.0% 0.9% 1.1% 49.9% 30 803 South Carolina January-47 49.5% 4.1% 0.2% 2.7% 1.6% 41.9% 56 804 Virginia June-73 56.4% 0.5% 1.7% 3.3% 0.9% 37.2% 29 805 California January-57 46.7% 2.3% 0.3% 1.9% 2.2% 46.7% 44 806 Texas January-57 27.4% 2.8% 0.1% 1.8% 1.6% 66.1% 43 808 Hawaii January-57 56.0% 0.3% 0.5% 2.1% 3.4% 37.7% 16 810 Michigan December-93 35.9% 1.0% 0.3% 2.1% 2.7% 58.1% 35 812 Indiana January-47 35.5% 1.6% 0.5% 1.9% 1.5% 59.0% 54 813 Florida January-53 60.8% 1.3% 1.2% 3.1% 2.7% 31.0% 40 814 Pennsylvania January-47 42.4% 0.7% 0.6% 1.3% 0.7% 54.4% 42 815 Illinois January-47 42.8% 1.7% 0.5% 1.5% 0.9% 52.7% 55 816 Missouri January-47 47.9% 2.7% 0.6% 3.0% 1.4% 44.4% 42 817 Texas January-53 50.5% 1.7% 0.9% 2.7% 2.9% 41.4% 41 818 California January-84 56.6% 1.9% 0.4% 3.2% 1.5% 36.5% 44 828 North Carolina March-98 44.1% 1.6% 0.4% 2.5% 1.3% 50.0% 41 830 Texas July-97 20.5% 0.9% 0.3% 1.4% 0.8% 76.2% 43 831 California July-98 36.3% 9.2% 0.2% 1.7% 2.2% 50.3% 34 832 Texas January-99 65.0% 0.8% 1.1% 4.2% 1.1% 27.7% 35 843 South Carolina March-98 47.1% 2.4% 0.4% 2.7% 2.1% 45.3% 46 845 New York June-00 48.1% 1.2% 0.8% 2.2% 0.6% 47.1% 48 847 Illinois January-96 59.7% 1.1% 0.5% 2.0% 0.7% 36.1% 32 848 New Jersey December-01 52.2% 0.1% 0.2% 3.9% 0.1% 43.5% 15 850 Florida June-97 41.1% 4.4% 0.7% 3.7% 1.2% 49.0% 48 20 Table 6 Telephone Number Utilization by Area Code as of December 31, 2007 Area Code State/Jurisdiction Area Code Opened Assigned Intermediate Reserved Aging Admin Available OCNs 856 New Jersey June-99 42.8% 0.3% 0.9% 2.3% 0.6% 53.0% 35 857 Massachusetts May-01 40.4% 0.3% 0.2% 2.7% 1.3% 55.1% 25 858 California June-99 52.5% 3.3% 0.5% 2.1% 2.2% 39.4% 34 859 Kentucky April-00 44.1% 1.8% 0.5% 2.0% 0.6% 51.0% 44 860 Connecticut August-95 48.2% 1.3% 0.6% 1.9% 1.2% 46.8% 29 862 New Jersey December-01 53.5% 0.6% 0.5% 5.1% 0.9% 39.4% 27 863 Florida September-99 43.4% 1.3% 0.5% 2.6% 1.7% 50.6% 38 864 South Carolina December-95 50.7% 3.3% 1.5% 2.5% 1.3% 40.7% 33 865 Tennessee November-99 51.7% 4.0% 0.3% 3.2% 1.0% 39.8% 31 870 Arkansas April-97 23.8% 3.8% 0.6% 1.7% 0.8% 69.3% 46 901 Tennessee January-47 60.1% 3.3% 0.6% 3.7% 1.1% 31.3% 29 903 Texas November-90 36.3% 4.4% 0.5% 2.4% 2.2% 54.2% 55 904 Florida July-65 57.1% 3.7% 0.4% 3.4% 1.5% 33.8% 38 906 Michigan March-61 17.1% 0.8% 0.5% 0.7% 1.2% 79.8% 25 907 Alaska January-57 25.9% 0.4% 0.6% 1.7% 0.5% 70.9% 37 908 New Jersey November-90 44.4% 0.5% 0.8% 1.9% 1.0% 51.5% 39 909 California November-92 58.2% 2.0% 0.6% 3.6% 1.8% 33.8% 43 910 North Carolina November-93 42.1% 2.1% 0.8% 3.2% 0.9% 50.9% 39 912 Georgia January-54 40.0% 4.2% 1.5% 2.7% 0.7% 50.9% 47 913 Kansas January-47 52.6% 1.6% 0.4% 2.7% 1.9% 40.7% 41 914 New York January-47 50.0% 0.4% 1.5% 2.0% 0.8% 45.3% 39 915 Texas January-47 57.4% 2.7% 0.5% 3.2% 6.2% 30.0% 27 916 California January-47 57.2% 2.5% 0.4% 2.9% 2.0% 35.1% 41 917 New York January-92 56.8% 0.3% 0.5% 2.4% 0.4% 39.6% 30 918 Oklahoma January-53 37.9% 3.5% 0.3% 1.9% 1.2% 55.2% 58 919 North Carolina January-54 56.0% 3.8% 0.4% 2.6% 1.4% 35.7% 40 920 Wisconsin July-97 34.8% 0.9% 1.7% 1.3% 1.1% 60.3% 60 925 California March-98 41.6% 4.5% 0.3% 2.0% 1.9% 49.6% 33 928 Arizona June-01 40.0% 5.4% 0.6% 1.8% 0.5% 51.6% 56 931 Tennessee September-97 33.3% 1.3% 0.9% 1.7% 0.6% 62.2% 43 936 Texas February-00 28.9% 3.0% 0.2% 1.3% 0.7% 65.8% 34 937 Ohio September-96 39.8% 1.8% 0.3% 1.9% 0.7% 55.6% 40 939 Puerto Rico September-01 39.0% 0.1% 4.5% 1.5% 0.1% 54.8% 6 940 Texas May-97 28.9% 1.8% 0.2% 2.2% 4.6% 62.3% 49 941 Florida May-95 53.9% 1.4% 0.6% 3.4% 1.9% 38.8% 39 947 Michigan September-02 86.8% 5.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 7.3% 2 949 California April-98 57.8% 2.2% 0.8% 2.7% 1.7% 34.8% 41 951 California July-04 65.2% 2.4% 0.4% 4.3% 1.9% 25.9% 38 952 Minnesota February-00 56.3% 0.3% 0.5% 2.2% 0.9% 39.8% 42 954 Florida September-95 54.2% 4.4% 0.6% 3.9% 1.3% 35.5% 38 956 Texas July-97 48.0% 3.1% 0.2% 4.1% 2.9% 41.7% 34 970 Colorado April-95 41.4% 0.2% 0.4% 2.1% 1.2% 54.7% 60 971 Oregon October-00 49.4% 3.4% 0.2% 3.7% 0.8% 42.4% 23 972 Texas September-96 53.0% 1.6% 0.6% 2.9% 2.1% 39.7% 38 973 New Jersey June-97 55.8% 0.3% 1.7% 2.6% 0.8% 38.7% 40 978 Massachusetts September-97 47.0% 0.1% 1.8% 2.1% 0.5% 48.4% 37 979 Texas February-00 27.9% 1.9% 0.7% 1.6% 1.8% 66.0% 39 980 North Carolina April-01 58.0% 1.2% 0.2% 2.3% 0.7% 37.6% 17 985 Louisiana February-01 40.0% 1.5% 1.9% 2.5% 1.2% 53.0% 34 989 Michigan April-01 28.0% 1.1% 0.6% 1.2% 1.1% 68.0% 45 Source: Numbering Resource Utilization/Forecast Reports data filed with NeuStar, Inc. as of March 31, 2008. Area code information is from NeuStar, Inc.'s website. 21 Table 7 Assigned, Aging and Available Telephone Numbers by Area Code (in thousands except OCNs) Wireline (Incumbent LECs and CLECs) Wireless (Cellular/PCS) Area Code Assigned Aging Available OCNs Assigned Aging Available OCNs 201 2,441 111 1,826 34 1,481 55 420 5 202 3,161 84 617 27 1,050 62 179 5 203 2,529 100 2,214 24 1,588 62 269 5 205 1,621 82 1,627 28 1,358 86 488 14 206 2,079 79 920 25 1,349 61 138 5 207 1,571 58 1,884 37 964 41 422 8 208 1,729 62 2,314 43 1,116 81 809 16 209 1,220 59 1,944 24 1,157 65 547 10 210 1,873 84 857 21 1,598 130 254 7 212 5,690 226 1,181 25 63 4 4 4 213 1,170 75 934 35 673 110 389 6 214 2,242 110 1,245 32 2,109 138 299 6 215 3,319 132 1,633 30 1,298 52 303 5 216 1,357 53 1,233 20 910 56 448 7 217 1,025 36 2,996 32 912 35 620 10 218 668 25 3,002 56 489 27 505 8 219 705 27 1,054 19 625 33 284 8 224 234 9 563 22 352 21 294 6 225 887 38 690 20 702 48 358 9 228 367 19 824 15 353 26 335 10 229 650 28 1,354 22 535 51 1,139 11 231 586 26 1,798 25 470 31 386 9 234 13 1 101 10 12 0 58 4 239 987 73 589 17 669 33 362 6 240 1,016 51 1,357 32 1,113 48 325 8 248 1,917 101 2,401 31 1,349 40 361 6 251 688 28 1,025 25 622 40 462 10 252 1,062 97 2,249 19 822 55 689 12 253 1,235 74 1,073 24 873 45 128 5 254 612 56 1,782 25 608 38 449 11 256 1,315 60 1,951 27 1,648 70 1,057 14 260 637 22 1,048 19 508 17 563 8 262 1,177 47 1,979 28 677 25 357 8 267 1,015 83 2,464 33 1,160 95 419 5 269 685 39 1,221 28 599 32 473 12 270 1,190 81 3,544 34 847 61 881 14 276 372 40 860 20 285 17 306 12 281 2,469 182 2,412 29 1,379 59 214 6 301 3,308 126 1,831 29 1,284 37 149 8 302 1,750 73 1,434 26 793 38 141 5 303 3,802 166 1,534 25 1,432 39 50 7 304 1,422 50 2,226 22 1,235 65 767 15 305 2,813 181 1,048 28 1,221 67 233 6 307 539 24 1,468 27 455 43 986 12 308 256 16 1,878 38 262 13 552 7 309 1,293 69 2,551 37 722 27 380 9 310 3,178 132 1,240 34 1,991 104 225 6 312 2,592 71 1,363 24 772 37 702 6 313 1,377 76 1,377 27 1,242 106 769 6 314 1,925 98 1,276 20 1,486 69 325 6 315 1,318 46 2,549 34 1,080 49 355 7 316 559 33 780 13 568 24 96 9 317 1,914 103 1,908 32 1,434 73 197 7 318 1,055 55 1,905 24 936 70 1,106 9 319 1,190 38 1,791 50 563 26 391 7 320 548 32 2,218 48 350 20 303 8 321 886 30 685 27 838 58 241 7 323 1,823 107 1,679 33 1,848 192 391 6 325 415 17 1,051 18 309 27 188 11 330 1,764 70 2,351 26 1,618 74 576 10 22 Table 7 Assigned, Aging and Available Telephone Numbers by Area Code (in thousands except OCNs) Wireline (Incumbent LECs and CLECs) Wireless (Cellular/PCS) Area Code Assigned Aging Available OCNs Assigned Aging Available OCNs 331 0 0 22 5 3 1 56 4 334 954 62 1,886 41 835 76 1,176 13 336 1,837 91 1,880 38 1,392 78 499 11 337 879 41 1,427 23 790 44 987 9 339 51 2 184 11 86 2 110 4 340 0 0 0 0 99 10 50 3 347 732 51 472 26 2,374 218 445 6 351 0 0 0 0 2 0 8 1 352 1,129 81 1,265 20 1,032 72 556 9 360 2,170 93 2,229 46 1,330 67 480 7 361 577 29 1,139 21 639 52 623 10 386 683 45 849 27 608 40 315 8 401 2,098 59 1,570 16 892 44 201 5 402 1,724 39 3,171 41 1,114 75 789 12 404 2,165 103 794 26 2,076 117 134 8 405 1,339 54 1,662 23 1,117 151 381 13 406 893 34 3,411 35 669 58 1,168 6 407 1,966 166 1,518 29 1,478 91 353 7 408 2,534 115 1,546 28 1,465 63 346 6 409 531 26 1,046 21 518 31 311 9 410 3,593 144 1,546 29 1,171 41 148 6 412 1,705 105 2,204 22 1,151 45 331 7 413 1,739 47 1,553 21 613 30 137 7 414 1,232 51 961 17 896 54 186 6 415 2,267 94 2,072 30 1,212 50 243 6 417 815 41 2,355 34 715 47 641 12 419 1,381 51 2,757 43 1,206 48 814 11 423 1,227 78 1,707 32 1,165 74 659 10 424 71 3 208 26 108 20 233 6 425 1,796 83 1,309 25 919 50 113 5 430 1 0 31 4 4 1 15 3 432 386 15 825 17 356 27 259 6 434 679 59 940 16 510 36 288 9 435 582 25 1,488 30 439 26 795 14 440 1,370 56 1,989 25 998 33 366 8 443 1,510 70 2,334 31 1,659 89 542 7 469 551 27 691 29 697 51 119 6 478 605 30 785 24 506 39 557 10 479 654 28 1,221 25 605 48 463 7 480 2,109 95 636 20 1,169 73 103 7 484 1,261 77 3,105 38 839 45 273 8 501 1,205 40 1,473 21 822 56 530 9 502 1,207 66 1,271 20 1,114 57 419 10 503 2,756 120 2,117 40 1,646 72 183 6 504 1,114 48 1,087 17 949 59 369 7 505 1,463 44 1,226 21 1,267 90 623 12 507 706 24 3,299 67 531 40 628 11 508 3,089 120 2,198 29 1,302 45 236 5 509 1,373 68 1,872 36 1,051 64 687 10 510 1,842 117 1,689 23 1,381 62 514 6 512 2,217 87 1,311 24 1,433 82 287 8 513 1,977 79 1,399 23 1,366 103 371 7 515 1,735 35 1,386 36 653 25 311 11 516 1,720 86 1,260 29 1,437 44 539 7 517 950 30 1,658 40 710 30 440 9 518 1,427 61 1,993 32 1,042 43 249 7 520 1,459 57 879 28 1,027 70 366 8 530 1,169 53 2,750 34 907 43 436 10 540 1,482 67 1,240 29 1,165 77 797 10 541 1,456 79 2,402 42 1,155 62 846 12 23 Table 7 Assigned, Aging and Available Telephone Numbers by Area Code (in thousands except OCNs) Wireline (Incumbent LECs and CLECs) Wireless (Cellular/PCS) Area Code Assigned Aging Available OCNs Assigned Aging Available OCNs 551 2 0 4 6 153 8 61 4 559 1,135 61 2,082 22 1,146 73 278 6 561 1,769 99 851 29 977 45 330 6 562 1,410 80 1,459 31 1,269 101 394 6 563 620 31 1,367 43 362 18 264 7 567 65 2 793 20 79 6 153 9 570 1,390 89 2,215 35 1,107 43 656 11 571 265 14 290 25 597 30 159 5 573 852 58 2,809 31 811 43 700 10 574 631 22 1,012 26 528 19 480 8 575 506 22 1,072 20 285 21 204 7 580 520 26 3,688 30 558 40 1,203 16 585 1,477 13 1,211 21 870 39 224 8 586 743 51 1,004 24 715 24 582 6 601 1,212 67 3,356 27 1,151 93 1,152 13 602 2,336 88 744 21 1,592 99 372 7 603 2,255 77 2,383 32 1,056 37 625 9 605 724 31 3,363 62 555 41 858 8 606 663 27 2,253 23 589 51 1,099 13 607 694 21 1,601 20 555 22 234 7 608 1,150 37 1,849 55 878 34 667 10 609 1,815 75 1,745 29 1,462 56 434 5 610 3,058 115 2,097 40 1,259 30 208 7 612 1,203 50 832 31 1,325 48 187 7 614 2,048 84 1,689 24 1,280 60 253 6 615 1,936 98 1,630 27 1,370 72 233 7 616 968 41 1,080 23 785 36 240 10 617 3,329 157 1,962 27 1,385 52 271 5 618 1,008 37 2,909 35 910 51 568 13 619 1,600 85 1,072 29 1,680 96 389 6 620 577 33 3,119 40 378 23 805 15 623 826 47 240 18 535 34 95 7 626 1,548 66 1,345 32 1,317 81 297 6 630 2,370 111 2,020 22 1,477 54 1,112 6 631 1,882 116 2,361 28 1,100 44 208 6 636 800 37 1,472 19 368 18 216 6 641 926 30 2,328 48 314 18 669 11 646 1,577 58 378 30 2,159 188 437 5 650 1,797 99 2,341 23 828 31 219 6 651 1,634 62 830 37 750 28 99 7 660 289 28 2,721 33 262 14 424 13 661 1,153 54 1,466 31 1,032 62 235 7 662 875 47 3,104 41 731 79 1,196 13 670 18 12 103 1 47 1 59 3 671 100 4 324 2 104 5 78 5 678 1,824 192 2,602 36 1,811 115 358 11 682 112 3 282 16 201 19 74 6 684 0 0 0 0 20 1 7 1 701 616 16 3,254 51 489 34 1,073 8 702 2,066 167 1,064 25 1,715 113 226 7 703 3,769 149 1,581 28 1,534 36 97 5 704 2,455 146 2,047 31 1,640 110 448 7 706 1,787 84 2,109 44 1,399 104 1,318 17 707 1,569 64 2,545 26 1,046 48 364 9 708 1,570 100 2,083 22 1,105 47 807 6 712 575 27 2,745 81 348 23 744 13 713 2,915 129 1,484 25 1,367 62 100 6 714 2,352 116 1,512 32 2,080 131 361 6 715 965 28 2,479 66 806 36 1,421 15 716 1,320 62 1,460 20 1,042 47 264 8 24 Table 7 Assigned, Aging and Available Telephone Numbers by Area Code (in thousands except OCNs) Wireline (Incumbent LECs and CLECs) Wireless (Cellular/PCS) Area Code Assigned Aging Available OCNs Assigned Aging Available OCNs 717 1,991 63 1,830 26 1,464 58 360 6 718 4,064 236 1,864 29 913 54 78 6 719 1,281 84 1,387 25 789 53 363 10 720 1,058 53 618 19 1,009 85 314 6 724 1,329 117 3,265 38 1,040 39 388 12 727 1,457 62 1,027 26 1,005 46 234 7 731 443 24 1,288 24 404 25 578 8 732 2,652 122 2,270 26 1,339 49 302 5 734 1,320 66 2,430 37 1,125 37 279 7 740 1,093 50 2,648 28 938 51 723 14 754 31 0 12 4 15 1 15 2 757 2,208 90 1,193 14 1,522 88 493 7 760 1,875 99 2,043 37 1,628 109 406 11 763 1,089 49 791 36 409 16 42 7 765 959 46 2,701 41 775 35 921 10 769 3 1 89 6 27 4 95 7 770 3,095 177 1,679 29 1,269 46 71 10 772 653 36 401 24 379 20 249 7 773 1,918 131 1,608 23 1,955 173 856 6 774 209 6 954 23 445 24 470 5 775 837 27 1,384 25 580 34 289 9 779 3 0 45 6 14 2 16 3 781 2,643 135 3,041 26 706 32 357 5 785 722 32 3,107 43 486 26 696 12 786 590 41 539 27 933 63 228 6 787 1,529 17 1,831 5 1,690 137 622 4 801 3,249 114 1,509 19 1,616 73 194 6 802 1,764 26 2,031 21 414 17 263 5 803 1,729 71 1,583 42 1,230 93 591 12 804 1,770 105 1,307 18 1,164 69 359 7 805 1,747 59 2,018 32 1,282 64 547 7 806 733 41 2,595 31 639 49 678 10 808 1,617 45 1,251 8 1,177 60 217 6 810 623 46 1,506 24 710 31 339 9 812 1,153 75 2,533 39 1,018 44 956 11 813 1,982 83 950 29 1,274 74 331 7 814 1,330 41 2,370 26 901 28 443 14 815 1,669 58 2,882 45 1,219 46 425 7 816 1,392 100 1,927 27 1,153 62 227 11 817 2,176 116 2,390 32 1,518 80 182 6 818 2,369 112 1,429 32 1,789 127 367 6 828 1,110 64 1,542 29 904 51 609 10 830 466 23 1,431 26 362 33 450 12 831 687 29 1,257 22 556 31 177 6 832 750 16 802 25 2,036 165 286 7 843 1,641 82 1,932 35 1,319 85 673 10 845 1,446 64 1,768 39 881 40 312 7 847 3,264 123 2,018 23 1,382 31 482 6 848 4 0 19 11 127 9 90 4 850 1,274 123 2,005 29 1,197 90 776 14 856 1,451 76 2,141 27 684 40 164 5 857 131 3 301 20 220 20 178 5 858 1,378 54 1,123 24 573 25 130 6 859 1,061 34 1,697 27 882 55 434 13 860 2,054 72 2,723 20 1,405 63 325 6 862 53 5 98 21 318 30 176 6 863 800 42 897 27 624 39 559 7 864 1,316 61 1,294 26 1,120 61 390 6 865 871 58 863 22 767 44 181 7 870 754 47 2,964 33 731 56 1,245 11 25 Table 7 Assigned, Aging and Available Telephone Numbers by Area Code (in thousands except OCNs) Wireline (Incumbent LECs and CLECs) Wireless (Cellular/PCS) Area Code Assigned Aging Available OCNs Assigned Aging Available OCNs 901 1,339 68 756 20 1,075 80 150 7 903 1,147 72 2,422 34 1,107 82 737 15 904 1,684 83 1,079 25 1,264 91 364 8 906 231 9 1,460 19 237 8 726 6 907 926 40 3,153 25 479 53 675 11 908 1,399 70 2,229 30 1,197 41 614 6 909 1,688 89 830 31 1,522 114 338 6 910 1,246 110 2,015 28 1,164 75 745 9 912 819 45 1,133 32 755 62 774 12 913 1,042 52 1,083 28 732 40 144 9 914 1,578 71 1,468 30 983 32 566 5 915 690 27 438 16 608 44 125 8 916 2,163 116 1,478 30 1,490 69 288 7 917 687 18 228 21 2,866 133 471 5 918 1,303 59 2,640 42 1,111 63 700 14 919 2,283 94 1,693 28 1,562 86 425 10 920 1,183 42 2,117 42 977 41 1,067 14 925 1,458 72 2,024 22 844 38 306 6 928 879 33 1,415 37 703 44 683 14 931 646 29 1,755 31 662 39 526 9 936 558 19 1,090 21 361 21 264 8 937 1,357 58 2,451 27 1,107 59 565 10 939 1 0 98 2 97 4 39 4 940 512 36 1,626 33 423 36 354 13 941 963 56 673 26 696 36 320 8 947 0 0 16 1 585 0 33 1 949 1,726 86 1,087 30 895 36 140 6 951 1,214 73 678 28 1,354 96 239 6 952 1,302 52 995 34 336 12 41 6 954 2,200 148 1,310 29 1,296 74 290 5 956 863 47 732 20 1,239 135 636 11 970 1,269 61 2,025 41 886 48 761 14 971 107 10 227 17 235 16 67 6 972 3,113 170 2,406 29 797 43 91 6 973 3,020 146 2,172 31 1,293 56 303 6 978 2,476 101 3,003 29 921 51 287 5 979 498 18 1,076 22 366 22 275 9 980 95 2 52 10 123 7 89 7 985 671 35 980 21 597 44 587 11 989 793 33 2,409 31 685 33 772 12 Source: Numbering Resource Utilization/Forecast Reports data filed with NeuStar, Inc. as of March 31, 2008. 26 Table 8 Pooled Thousands-blocks as of December 31, 2007 Incumbent LECs and CLECs Cellular/PCS Pooled Thousands- Total Thousands- Percent of total blocks Pooled Thousands- Total Thousands- Percent of total blocks State blocks blocks reported 1 that are pooled blocks blocks reported 1 that are pooled Alabama 575 9,818 5.86 1,411 7,766 18.17 Alaska 1 130 0.77 12 67 17.91 Arizona 1,168 11,331 10.31 1,949 6,900 28.25 Arkansas 556 5,804 9.58 479 3,845 12.46 California 11,613 95,077 12.21 14,940 44,395 33.65 Colorado 1,290 12,531 10.29 1,077 5,677 18.97 Connecticut 1,102 10,287 10.71 1,156 3,772 30.65 Delaware 397 3,386 11.72 324 986 32.86 District of Columbia 310 4,018 7.72 468 1,314 35.62 Florida 4,915 40,784 12.05 6,610 22,499 29.38 Georgia 1,670 20,922 7.98 2,452 11,683 20.99 Guam 0 0 NM 0 0 NM Hawaii 123 3,032 4.06 353 1,472 23.98 Idaho 299 3,199 9.35 348 1,906 18.26 Illinois 6,081 35,787 16.99 4,387 17,756 24.71 Indiana 1,415 15,074 9.39 1,536 7,890 19.47 Iowa 403 5,579 7.22 766 4,336 17.67 Kansas 561 7,503 7.48 843 3,623 23.27 Kentucky 664 10,943 6.07 1,117 5,729 19.50 Louisiana 824 10,019 8.22 1,561 6,734 23.18 Maine 504 2,406 20.95 430 1,565 27.48 Maryland 2,053 17,391 11.80 2,134 6,707 31.82 Massachusetts 3,832 28,618 13.39 2,281 8,100 28.16 Michigan 3,635 27,866 13.04 3,546 14,404 24.62 Minnesota 1,370 13,808 9.92 1,149 6,254 18.37 Mississippi 523 7,288 7.18 584 4,319 13.52 Missouri 1,633 17,063 9.57 1,706 7,594 22.47 Montana 232 2,069 11.21 66 1,204 5.48 Nebraska 172 3,408 5.05 332 2,421 13.71 Nevada 514 6,373 8.07 974 2,944 33.08 New Hampshire 786 4,636 16.95 397 1,735 22.88 New Jersey 3,759 26,939 13.95 3,188 11,095 28.73 New Mexico 241 3,163 7.62 584 2,165 26.97 New York 7,059 47,875 14.74 9,274 23,004 40.31 North Carolina 2,306 20,902 11.03 2,358 11,626 20.28 North Dakota 45 1,348 3.34 78 762 10.24 Northern Marianas 0 0 NM 0 0 NM Ohio 3,017 29,329 10.29 2,792 14,587 19.14 Oklahoma 614 7,639 8.04 1,081 4,523 23.90 Oregon 796 7,942 10.02 1,176 4,177 28.15 Pennsylvania 4,937 36,681 13.46 4,342 13,896 31.25 Puerto Rico 192 3,390 5.66 649 2,569 25.26 Rhode Island 259 3,828 6.77 319 1,150 27.74 South Carolina 908 8,521 10.66 1,042 5,549 18.78 South Dakota 43 1,187 3.62 103 943 10.92 Tennessee 1,503 13,770 10.92 1,672 8,005 20.89 Texas 4,935 53,305 9.26 9,763 28,599 34.14 Utah 1,153 6,225 18.52 603 2,875 20.97 Vermont 242 3,270 7.40 232 697 33.29 Virgin Islands 0 0 NM 0 0 NM Virginia 2,016 17,520 11.51 2,689 9,741 27.60 Washington 1,539 16,785 9.17 1,835 7,481 24.53 West Virginia 409 2,957 13.83 406 2,028 20.02 Wisconsin 1,025 11,626 8.82 895 7,192 12.44 Wyoming 98 1,094 8.96 32 748 4.28 Totals 86,317 761,446 11.34 100,501 379,009 26.52 Source: Pooling data provided by NeuStar. 1 Includes only those thousands-blocks in rate centers with pooling. NM - Not meaningful. 27 Table 9 Increased Utilization and Telephone Numbers Saved due to Thousands-Block Pooling as of December 31, 2007 Numbers Numbers Needed Utilization had Increased Utilization Numbers Assigned Total Percent had Whole NXXs Whole NXXs of Thousands-blocks Saved Due Carrier Type OCNs to End-users 1 Numbers 1 Utilized Been Issued Been Issued due to Pooling to Pooling Incumbent LEC 233 5,356,318 8,643,000 62.0% 30,440,000 17.6% 44.4% 21,797,000 Cellular/PCS 556 72,700,120 98,787,000 73.6% 158,240,000 45.9% 27.6% 59,453,000 CLEC 1,110 30,012,767 68,687,000 43.7% 324,860,000 9.2% 34.5% 256,173,000 Total 1,899 108,079,083 176,127,000 61.4% 513,550,000 21.0% 40.3% 337,423,000 1 Includes only those telephone numbers in pooled blocks on which carriers reported utilization data. Source: Numbering Resource Utilization/Forecast Reports data filed with NeuStar, Inc. as of March 31, 2008. NeuStar also provided data on Thousands-block pooling. Table 10 Number Utilization for Specialized Nongeographic Area Codes as of December 31, 2007 Assigned Intermediate Reserved Aging Admin Available 1 Total Unique Specialized Area Codes (Thousands of telephone numbers) NXXs 3,077 163 806 697 7 2,189 6,940 693 44.3% 2.3% 11.6% 10.0% 0.1% 31.5% 100.0% 368 10 3 1 0 567 950 94 38.7% 1.1% 0.3% 0.1% 0.0% 59.7% 100.0% 1 Includes only those telephone numbers in blocks on which carriers reported utilization data. Source: Numbering Resource Utilization/Forecast Reports data filed with NeuStar, Inc. as of March 31, 2008. 500 900 28 Figure 1 Incumbent LECs: Average Utilization Rates by Number of Thousands-Blocks Held in a Rate Center 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Number of thousands-blocks held in a single rate center Note: number of thousands-blocks has been rounded to the nearest ten. 29 Figure 2 Cellular/PCS Carriers: Average Utilization Rates by Number of Thousands-Blocks Held in a Rate Center 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Number of thousands-blocks held in a single rate center Note: number of thousands-blocks has been rounded to the nearest ten. 30 Figure 3 CLECs: Average Utilization Rates by Number of Thousands-Blocks Held in a Rate Center 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Number of thousands-blocks held in a single rate center Note: number of thousands-blocks has been rounded to the nearest ten. 31 Figure 4 Paging Carriers: Average Utilization Rates by Number of Thousands-Blocks Held in a Rate Center 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Number of thousands-blocks held in a single rate center Note: number of thousands-blocks has been rounded to the nearest ten. 32 Table 11 Alternate Sources of NPA-NXX Assignments 1 NPA-NXXs that appear in NRUF NANPA LERG NXXs All Three Databases NRUF, NANPA and LERG 999135,739 Two of the Three Databases NRUF and NANPA 99389 NANPA and LERG 993,420 NRUF and LERG 243 Only One Database NRUF 9 457 NANPA 9 662 LERG 9 254 Total NXXs in Database. 136,828 140,210 139,656 Sources: NANPA's NPA-NXX; assignments database as of January 1, 2008; the LERG, as of January 1, 2008; NRUF December 31, 2007 database (NRUF forms filed as of March 31, 2008). 1 Includes only telephone numbers in NXXs assigned to carriers and therefore available for assignment to customers. Does not include any numbers in NXXs that have not yet been assigned to carriers. Table 12 Utilization over Time Carrier Type ILEC Cellular/PCS CLEC Paging Overall December 2000 52.1% 46.2% 9.8% 26.3% 40.1% June 2001 52.1% 45.3% 10.9% 24.8% 39.6% December 2001 52.5% 47.2% 11.4% 20.2% 39.7% June 2002 52.2% 47.5% 10.4% 17.6% 39.2% December 2002 52.2% 47.8% 10.6% 17.0% 39.2% June 2003 53.2% 49.0% 10.7% 14.3% 39.9% December 2003 52.6% 50.6% 10.6% 13.0% 39.5% June 2004 54.5% 53.9% 14.8% 10.9% 42.3% December 2004 53.5% 54.6% 16.4% 10.3% 42.2% June 2005 52.8% 56.9% 18.1% 9.9% 43.0% December 2005 52.4% 59.1% 19.7% 8.6% 43.4% June 2006 50.2% 60.4% 20.5% 8.1% 43.3% December 2006 49.3% 63.3% 21.5% 8.0% 44.2% June 2007 50.8% 64.8% 25.4% 7.5% 46.7% December 2007 50.7% 65.0% 26.9% 7.1% 47.1% Source: Numbering Resource Utilization/Forecast Reports filed with NeuStar, Inc. Note: Starting with June 2006 data, where an RBOC has acquired a carrier with CLEC services in the RBOC's operating region, the numbering resources of the acquired CLEC that are in the RBOC's operating region are counted as incumbent LEC resources. Where the acquired CLEC provides services outside of the acquirer's operating region, the numbering resources are treated as CLEC resources. 33 Table 13 NPA-NXX Assignments, Returns and Net Assignments NPA-NXXs NPA-NXXs Net Quarter Assigned Returned Assignments 1998 Q3 1,554 0 1,554 1998 Q4 2,375 0 2,375 1999 Q1 3,019 0 3,019 1999 Q2 4,693 95 4,598 1999 Q3 4,202 164 4,038 1999 Q4 3,993 545 3,448 2000 Q1 4,552 775 3,777 FCC Issued First NRO Order 1 2000 Q2 4,126 923 3,203 2000 Q3 3,497 818 2,679 2000 Q4 3,235 1,146 2,089 FCC Issued Second NRO Order 1 2001 Q1 3,095 1,725 1,370 2001 Q2 3,136 1,320 1,816 2001 Q3 2,112 1,611 501 2001 Q4 2,055 1,402 653 FCC Issued Third NRO Order 1 2002 Q1 1,731 1,199 532 2002 Q2 2,392 1,260 1,132 2002 Q3 1,954 587 1,367 2002 Q4 1,101 558 543 2003 Q1 897 533 364 2003 Q2 1,007 431 576 FCC Issued Fourth NRO Order 1 2003 Q3 802 580 222 2003 Q4 539 244 295 2004 Q1 888 182 706 2004 Q2 728 323 405 2004 Q3 748 160 588 2004 Q4 761 319 442 2005 Q1 1,113 249 864 2005 Q2 778 330 448 2005 Q3 716 246 470 2005 Q4 705 203 502 2006 Q1 1,165 194 971 2006 Q2 944 175 769 2006 Q3 883 137 746 2006 Q4 987 188 799 2007 Q1 1,117 170 947 2007 Q2 768 195 573 2007 Q3 747 173 574 2007 Q4 584 211 373 2008 Q1 720 166 554 1 See text footnote 2 for full citation. Source: NPA-NXX data from NeuStar, Inc. NPA-NXX Assigments, Returns, and Net Assignments 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 1998 Q 3 1998 Q 4 1999 Q 1 1999 Q 2 1999 Q 3 1999 Q 4 2000 Q 1 2000 Q 2 2000 Q 3 2000 Q 4 2001 Q 1 2001 Q 2 2001 Q 3 2001 Q 4 2002 Q 1 2002 Q 2 2002 Q 3 2002 Q 4 2003 Q 1 2003 Q 2 2003 Q 3 2003 Q 4 2004 Q 1 2004 Q 2 2004 Q 3 2004 Q 4 2005 Q 1 2005 Q 2 2005 Q 3 2005 Q 4 2006 Q 1 2006 Q 2 2006 Q 3 2006 Q 4 2007 Q 1 2007 Q 2 2007 Q 3 2007 Q 4 2008 Q 1 Assignments Returns Net Assignments 34 Table 14 Telephone Number Porting Activity Since Wireless Pooling Started 1 Wireline to Wireline to Wireless to Wireless to Month Wireline Wireless Wireless 2 Wireline Total (thousands) (thousands) 2003 November 3 561 2 61 1 625 December 638 12 756 1 1,407 2004 January 809 24 713 1 1,547 February 711 65 591 2 1,369 March 776 79 632 1 1,488 April 718 49 613 1 1,381 May 756 73 689 1 1,519 June 789 165 873 2 1,829 July 656 143 806 3 1,608 August 4 786 95 824 * 1,705 September 701 43 787 1 1,532 October 899 97 738 1 1,735 November 736 131 736 2 1,605 December 692 86 910 1 1,689 2005 January 698 53 808 2 1,561 February 936 81 735 1 1,753 March 1,257 74 815 2 2,148 April 959 55 797 1 1,812 May 892 56 862 1 1,811 June 1,064 38 1,153 2 2,257 July 1,006 62 982 2 2,052 August 1,203 42 933 2 2,179 September 1,114 31 835 2 1,982 October 991 37 866 2 1,896 November 1,023 29 826 2 1,880 December 1,079 22 1,031 2 2,135 2006 January 1,242 37 879 4 2,162 February 1,347 22 807 3 2,178 March 1,422 19 876 2 2,319 April 1,095 19 747 2 1,863 May 1,213 46 813 2 2,073 June 1,010 30 862 2 1,904 July 960 55 866 1 1,883 August 1,111 61 953 2 2,127 September 941 36 839 2 1,818 October 1,049 33 823 2 1,908 November 907 40 812 3 1,762 December 977 41 993 2 2,013 2007 January 902 31 1,021 2 1,956 February 864 45 1,049 2 1,960 March 1,035 40 1,155 2 2,232 April 926 33 1,112 2 2,072 May 973 45 1,083 3 2,103 June 1,026 82 1,095 3 2,207 July 1,288 124 1,136 3 2,550 August 1,440 149 1,135 5 2,728 September 1,235 90 1,012 3 2,340 October 1,539 93 1,027 2 2,661 November 1,302 111 1,187 3 2,603 December 2,500 53 1,274 2 3,829 2008 January 1,293 19 5 1,102 3 2,418 February 1,220 24 1,079 2 2,326 March 1,473 19 1,085 4 2,582 Cumulative Total 54,739 3,043 47,195 107 105,084 * Indicates a number between 1 and 499. Source: Raw data from Local Number Portability Administrator (NeuStar, Inc.). Rollups performed by the Industry Analysis and Technology Division staff, Wireline Competition Bureau. 1 Monthly figures include numbers that were ported back to the original carrier, or where the subscriber with the ported number terminated service. 3 Wireless porting started November 24, 2003. These figures include all ports during the month of November, which for ports from or to a wireless carrier, includes a small number of test ports that happened prior to November 24. 4 Due to a data problem, figure does not include numbers that were ported back to the original carrier, or where the subscriber with the ported number terminated service. 2 Excludes significant porting activity between Cingular and AT&T Wireless following the closing of their merger in October 2004. 5 In late 2007, some wireline carriers completed plans to transfer groups of numbers to the wireless carriers that were providing service to end users using those numbers. In many cases, the whole block could not be reassigned in the LERG so number porting was used to effectuate the transfer. 35 Table 15 Telephone Numbers Remaining in the Porting Database at the End of Each Quarter 1 Wireline to Wireline to Wireless to Wireless to Total Year Quarter Wireline Wireless Wireless 2 Wireline (In Thousands) (In Thousands) 1999 Second 1,840 * * * 1,840 Third 2,658 * * * 2,658 Fourth 3,854 * * * 3,854 2000 First 5,029 * * * 5,029 Second 5,781 * * * 5,781 Third 7,595 * * * 7,595 Fourth 9,146 * * * 9,146 2001 First 10,567 * * * 10,567 Second 12,310 * * * 12,310 Third 14,610 * * * 14,610 Fourth 15,519 * * * 15,519 2002 First 16,810 * * * 16,810 Second 18,210 * * * 18,210 Third 19,862 * * * 19,862 Fourth 21,449 * * * 21,449 2003 First 22,781 * * * 22,781 Second 23,723 * * * 23,723 Third 24,796 * * * 24,796 Fourth 25,869 16 795 2 26,682 2004 First 28,462 173 2,686 3 31,324 Second 28,371 406 4,635 4 33,417 Third 29,396 667 6,874 9 36,945 Fourth 30,607 832 9,041 11 41,491 2005 First 32,399 1,001 10,860 16 44,276 Second 34,169 1,092 12,956 19 48,236 Third 36,013 1,201 14,804 23 52,041 Fourth 37,608 1,246 16,101 29 54,983 2006 First 40,194 1,272 17,577 34 59,077 Second 42,130 1,333 19,032 42 62,538 Third 43,743 1,407 20,509 46 65,705 Fourth 45,149 1,480 21,920 50 68,600 2007 First 46,761 1,541 23,518 50 71,870 Second 48,396 1,659 25,399 54 75,508 Third 3 50,222 2,057 27,068 116 79,463 Fourth 53,168 2,031 29,065 120 84,384 2008 First 55,095 2,075 30,605 127 87,902 2 Excludes significant porting activity between Cingular and AT&T Wireless following the closing of their merger. Source: Raw data from Local Number Portability Administrator (NeuStar, Inc.). Rollups performed by the Industry Analysis and Technology Division staff, Wireline Competition Bureau. * Wireless portability started November 24, 2003. All ports before then are considered to be wireline to wireline ports, even though some of those ports appear to involve wireless companies. A small but unknown number of wireless test ports were conducted before November 24, 2003. The remaining wireless-related ports appear to be artifacts of divining the carrier type through the use of the carrier's operating company number. 1 Numbers ported because customer changed carriers. The database contains the date when the telephone number record was last updated. For most telephone numbers, this was the most recent port. For those telephone numbers affected by area code changes, however, the date refers to when the record was updated to reflect the new area code. See the text for a fuller discussion. 3 Starting with the July 2007 data, the method of determining whether a port came from a wireline or wireless carrier changed. For numbers that have been ported multiple times, the original carrier is now used to determine the porting carrier's type. Previously, the porting carrier's type was based on the most recent port. 36 Table 16 Numbers in the Porting Database by Quarter in Which They Were Most Recently Ported 1 March 31, 2008 2 Ported During Wireline to Wireline to Wireless to Wireless to Year Quarter Wireline Wireless Wireless Wireline (In Thousands) (In Thousands) 1998 First 0 3 *** Second 3 * * * Third 38 * * * Fourth 118 * * * 1999 First 203 * * * Second 319 * * * Third 338 * * * Fourth 425 * * * 2000 First 460 * * * Second 517 * * * Third 658 * * * Fourth 756 * * * 2001 First 701 * * * Second 857 * * * Third 904 * * * Fourth 1,052 * * * 2002 First 896 * * * Second 1,008 * * * Third 1,250 * * * Fourth 1,277 * * * 2003 First 950 * * * Second 1,097 * * * Third 1,087 * * * Fourth 1,057 8 380 2 2004 First 1,477 108 873 3 Second 1,445 104 1,017 8 Third 1,512 169 1,213 8 Fourth 1,451 110 1,261 4 2005 First 1,812 86 1,194 4 Second 1,895 76 1,334 4 Third 2,125 99 1,516 4 Fourth 1,990 68 1,592 13 2006 First 2,881 60 1,583 5 Second 2,335 75 1,723 5 Third 2,019 130 1,975 5 Fourth 1,987 109 2,034 5 2007 First 2,199 115 2,132 5 Second 2,457 149 2,264 4 Third 3,227 275 2,648 5 Fourth 4,773 246 2,975 6 2008 First 3,570 86 4 2,892 7 1 The vast majority of these numbers are ported because customer changed carriers. 3 Number is between 0 and 499. Source: Raw data from Local Number Portability Administrator (NeuStar, Inc.). Rollups performed by the Industry Analysis and Technology Division staff, Wireline Competition Bureau. 2 The local number portability database was designed solely for the purpose of routing calls. As such, it retains only the most recent porting activity for any given number. So if a consumer ports a number from Carrier A to Carrier B, and later the consumer then ports the number from Carrier B to Carrier C, the database will not reflect the original port from Carrier A to Carrier B. Also, numbers that revert back to the original carrier (either because the customer ports the number back to the original carrier or because the customer discontinues service with that number) are dropped from the database. Lastly, area code splits can make a number appear to be ported later than it actually was. Starting with the previous edition of this report, the methodology for determining whether a number was ported away from a wireline or a wireless carrier changed. Rather than relying on the carrier type of the most recent port, the numbers now reflect the original carrier type, based on the carrier that is assigned the thousands block of the donated number. * Wireless portability started November 24, 2003. All ports before then are considered to be wireline to wireline ports, even though some of those ports appear to involve wireless companies. A small but unknown number of wireless test ports were conducted before November 24, 2003. The remaining wireless-related ports appear to be artifacts of divining the carrier type through the use of the carrier's operating company number. 4 In late 2007, some wireline carriers completed plans to transfer groups of numbers to the wireless carriers that were providing service to end users using those numbers. In many cases, the whole block could not be reassigned in the LERG so number porting was used to effectuate the transfer. 37 Table 17 Ports Between Carrier Types, March 31, 2008 (in thousands) Wireline Wireline Wireless Wireless State to Wireline to Wireless to Wireless to Wireline Total Alabama 402 63 333 1 799 Alaska 140 1 90 ** 231 Arizona 1,364 15 652 5 2,036 Arkansas 223 158 102 ** 483 California 8,695 74 3,950 23 12,742 Colorado 982 21 587 2 1,592 Connecticut 655 16 363 2 1,036 Delaware 307 2 74 ** 383 District of Columbia 399 5 135 2 541 Florida 2,841 106 2,307 5 5,259 Georgia 1,405 165 926 7 2,504 Guam * 0 * 0 3 Hawaii 204 3 162 ** 370 Idaho 152 9 128 ** 289 Illinois 2,467 57 1,435 5 3,964 Indiana 674 52 458 2 1,186 Iowa 282 8 210 ** 500 Kansas 432 214 215 1 861 Kentucky 359 56 306 1 722 Louisiana 470 12 352 2 837 Maine 281 18 96 1 395 Maryland 971 11 648 2 1,631 Massachusetts 2,269 29 805 4 3,106 Michigan 1,811 37 1,195 4 3,047 Minnesota 1,229 22 625 4 1,881 Mississippi 131 20 151 ** 302 Missouri 696 73 512 1 1,282 Montana 70 6 49 ** 124 Nebraska 243 26 129 ** 398 Nevada 546 7 250 1 803 New Hampshire 296 9 120 2 426 New Jersey 1,520 22 919 4 2,466 New Mexico 148 11 126 ** 285 New York 4,895 60 2,253 8 7,215 North Carolina 1,216 80 756 2 2,054 North Dakota 69 * 38 * 110 Northern Marianas Is 0 * * * 0 Ohio 1,653 43 1,118 3 2,817 Oklahoma 398 35 378 4 814 Oregon 650 23 363 1 1,038 Pennsylvania 2,522 23 1,261 3 3,810 Puerto Rico 26 39 282 ** 347 Rhode Island 263 4 119 1 387 South Carolina 472 36 305 1 815 South Dakota 108 3 42 ** 153 Tennessee 886 26 545 2 1,459 Texas 3,712 275 2,168 12 6,166 Utah 740 13 304 1 1,058 Vermont 101 * 25 * 132 Virgin Islands 0 * * * 0 Virginia 1,436 26 903 4 2,368 Washington 2,248 28 691 4 2,971 West Virginia 159 3 127 ** 290 Wisconsin 852 18 494 1 1,365 Wyoming 24 * 18 * 46 Total 55,095 2,075 30,605 127 87,902 * Indicates that the number has been withheld to protect carrier confidentiality. ** Indicates a number between 1 and 499. Source: Raw data from Local Number Portability Administrator (NeuStar, Inc.). Rollups performed by the Industry Analysis and Technology Division staff, Wireline Competition Bureau. 1 Starting with the previous report, the method of determining whether a port came from a wireline or wireless carrier changed. For numbers that have been ported multiple times, the original carrier is now used to determine the porting carrier's type. Previously, the porting carrier's type was based on the most recent port. 38 Table 18 Number of Carriers Porting or Receiving Ports as of March 31, 2008 Wireline to Wireline to Wireless to Wireless to Wireline Ports Wireless Ports Wireless Ports Wireline Ports Carriers Carriers Carriers Carriers Carriers Carriers Carriers Carriers State Porting Receiving Porting Receiving Porting Receiving Porting Receiving Alabama 32 33 25 14 17 15 11 17 Alaska 6 6 4 6 5 6 5 4 Arizona 28 29 22 13 11 13 7 18 Arkansas 17 18 11 8 9 8 6 11 California 51 57 43 16 15 17 11 42 Colorado 33 36 30 13 11 15 9 25 Connecticut 17 26 15 8 6 7 5 15 Delaware 19 27 11 7 5 6 5 10 District of Columbia 24 28 16 7 5 7 5 17 Florida 65 80 42 13 14 13 8 41 Georgia 56 67 36 15 19 15 14 36 Guam 3 3 0 0 5 5 0 0 Hawaii 7 9 6 7 6 7 6 6 Idaho 21 24 16 12 16 16 10 10 Illinois 60 55 42 13 11 13 9 29 Indiana 46 45 37 13 11 14 8 23 Iowa 83 51 24 13 12 13 10 11 Kansas 30 36 30 16 14 16 10 16 Kentucky 38 47 20 18 15 19 11 14 Louisiana 33 35 17 9 9 11 8 19 Maine 17 18 12 8 7 8 7 13 Maryland 35 43 21 9 7 9 7 25 Massachusetts 33 38 24 7 6 7 5 24 Michigan 50 59 40 14 12 16 11 32 Minnesota 69 72 53 11 9 11 8 24 Mississippi 29 33 16 13 12 13 8 10 Missouri 35 37 22 13 14 13 11 20 Montana 14 18 11 5 6 6 4 6 Nebraska 15 19 12 10 10 11 8 6 Nevada 23 26 16 9 9 11 7 18 New Hampshire 21 22 17 8 8 8 8 17 New Jersey 36 35 24 7 5 7 5 25 New Mexico 17 19 12 10 10 12 7 6 New York 74 68 52 11 10 11 9 37 North Carolina 36 48 36 15 13 15 9 26 North Dakota 14 17 18 6 6 7 3 6 Northern Marianas Is 0 0 1 1 4 3 1 1 Ohio 50 61 40 16 12 16 12 29 Oklahoma 24 26 22 12 16 15 10 14 Oregon 35 42 28 14 10 13 9 17 Pennsylvania 51 56 39 11 13 14 8 33 Puerto Rico 4 5 4 7 6 8 5 4 Rhode Island 15 17 9 7 5 6 5 12 South Carolina 34 44 26 11 13 11 9 24 South Dakota 14 18 8 6 6 7 4 6 Tennessee 42 45 35 14 14 15 11 28 Texas 68 85 50 28 28 31 15 44 Utah 26 23 17 11 11 13 8 16 Vermont 10 12 6 5 5 5 3 5 Virgin Islands 0 0 1 1 3 3 2 1 Virginia 38 51 29 12 11 11 8 25 Washington 36 47 30 12 10 12 10 26 West Virginia 14 20 8 10 11 12 7 9 Wisconsin 37 44 33 12 11 12 10 18 Wyoming 9 12 11 7 9 10 6 3 Unduplicated Total 849 798 568 106 132 131 80 357 Source: Raw data from Local Number Portability Administrator (NeuStar, Inc.). Rollups performed by the Industry Analysis and Technology Division staff, Wireline Competition Bureau. 1 Starting with the previous report, the method of determining whether a port came from a wireline or wireless carrier changed. For numbers that have been ported multiple times, the original carrier is now used to determine the porting carrier's type. Previously, the porting carrier's type was based on the most recent port. 39 Table 19 Percentage of Numbers Ported, as of December 31, 2007 1 Wireline Wireline Wireless Wireless Total Total Wireline Assigned Percent Wireless Assigned Percent Total Assigned Percent Ports Numbers Ported Ports Numbers Ported Ports Numbers Ported State (thousands) (%) (thousands) (%) (thousands) (%) Alabama 437 4,577 9.5 314 4,463 7.0 752 9,040 8.3 Alaska 139 926 15.1 51 479 10.7 190 1,405 13.6 American Samoa NA 0 NA NA 20 NA NA 20 NA Arizona 1,352 7,609 17.8 637 5,025 12.7 1,990 12,635 15.7 Arkansas 376 2,614 14.4 102 2,158 4.7 478 4,772 10.0 California 8,579 44,145 19.4 3,817 33,072 11.5 12,396 77,216 16.1 Colorado 974 7,410 13.1 566 4,116 13.8 1,541 11,527 13.4 Connecticut 636 4,583 13.9 345 2,993 11.5 981 7,576 13.0 Delaware 300 1,750 17.1 72 793 9.1 372 2,542 14.6 District of Columbia 398 3,161 12.6 130 1,050 12.3 527 4,211 12.5 Florida 2,781 21,867 12.7 2,230 15,509 14.4 5,011 37,375 13.4 Georgia 1,525 10,945 13.9 892 8,351 10.7 2,417 19,295 12.5 Guam 0 100 0.1 2 104 1.8 2 204 1.0 Hawaii 189 1,617 11.7 156 1,177 13.2 345 2,794 12.3 Idaho 156 1,729 9.0 123 1,116 11.0 279 2,845 9.8 Illinois 2,488 16,946 14.7 1,388 10,824 12.8 3,875 27,770 14.0 Indiana 625 6,000 10.4 441 4,889 9.0 1,066 10,889 9.8 Iowa 282 5,045 5.6 200 2,240 8.9 482 7,285 6.6 Kansas 628 2,901 21.7 210 2,164 9.7 838 5,064 16.6 Kentucky 390 4,122 9.5 285 3,431 8.3 675 7,553 8.9 Louisiana 469 4,606 10.2 335 3,974 8.4 804 8,579 9.4 Maine 279 1,571 17.7 92 964 9.5 371 2,535 14.6 Maryland 950 9,427 10.1 612 5,226 11.7 1,562 14,653 10.7 Massachusetts 2,231 13,667 16.3 767 5,680 13.5 2,997 19,347 15.5 Michigan 1,763 10,193 17.3 1,116 9,212 12.1 2,880 19,404 14.8 Minnesota 1,234 7,150 17.3 588 4,189 14.0 1,822 11,338 16.1 Mississippi 150 2,458 6.1 138 2,262 6.1 288 4,720 6.1 Missouri 741 6,074 12.2 486 4,796 10.1 1,227 10,870 11.3 Montana 71 893 8.0 47 669 7.1 118 1,562 7.6 Nebraska 263 1,980 13.3 125 1,375 9.1 389 3,355 11.6 Nevada 510 2,903 17.6 238 2,296 10.4 748 5,199 14.4 New Hampshire 294 2,255 13.1 113 1,056 10.7 408 3,311 12.3 New Jersey 1,483 12,838 11.6 891 8,052 11.1 2,374 20,890 11.4 New Mexico 125 1,969 6.4 121 1,552 7.8 246 3,521 7.0 New York 4,797 25,613 18.7 2,137 17,365 12.3 6,934 42,978 16.1 North Carolina 1,261 10,088 12.5 723 7,606 9.5 1,984 17,695 11.2 North Dakota 70 616 11.4 36 489 7.5 106 1,105 9.6 Northern Marianas Is * 18 0.0 * 47 0.0 NA 65 0.0 Ohio 1,550 12,426 12.5 1,059 9,513 11.1 2,609 21,939 11.9 Oklahoma 422 3,162 13.3 360 2,785 12.9 782 5,947 13.1 Oregon 658 4,318 15.2 350 3,036 11.5 1,008 7,354 13.7 Pennsylvania 2,472 16,399 15.1 1,190 10,219 11.6 3,662 26,617 13.8 Puerto Rico 55 1,531 3.6 271 1,786 15.2 326 3,317 9.8 Rhode Island 257 2,098 12.3 113 892 12.7 371 2,990 12.4 South Carolina 488 4,685 10.4 290 3,669 7.9 778 8,354 9.3 South Dakota 108 724 14.9 40 555 7.3 148 1,279 11.6 Tennessee 879 6,463 13.6 526 5,442 9.7 1,405 11,905 11.8 Texas 3,782 26,408 14.3 2,075 20,674 10.0 5,857 47,082 12.4 Utah 740 3,831 19.3 294 2,054 14.3 1,034 5,886 17.6 Vermont 100 1,764 5.7 24 414 5.9 124 2,178 5.7 Virgin Islands * 0 NA * 99 NA * 99 NA Virginia 1,438 10,545 13.6 873 6,778 12.9 2,311 17,324 13.3 Washington 2,236 8,654 25.8 667 5,521 12.1 2,904 14,175 20.5 West Virginia 154 1,422 10.8 96 1,235 7.8 250 2,656 9.4 Wisconsin 822 5,707 14.4 476 4,233 11.3 1,298 9,940 13.1 Wyoming 26 539 4.7 18 455 3.9 43 994 4.3 Total 55,134 373,038 14.8 29,251 260,143 11.2 84,384 633,181 13.3 1 Because the latest available NRUF data are as of December 31, 2007, porting data of the same vintage are used. NA Not applicable. Number portability is not available in American Samoa or Northern Mariana Islands. * Indicates a number between 1 and 499. Source: Raw data from Local Number Portability Administrator (NeuStar, Inc.) and Numbering Resource Utilization/Forecast Reports data filed with NeuStar, Inc. as of March 31, 2008. Rollups performed by the Industry Analysis and Technology Division staff, Wireline Competition Bureau. 40 Table 20 Telephone Numbers Assigned for Toll-Free Service 1 Total Spare Toll-Free Working Miscellaneous Toll-Free Numbers Toll-Free Toll-Free Numbers Still Year Month Numbers Numbers 2 Assigned Available 1993 December 3,155,955 731,438 3,887,393 3,822,607 1994 December 4,948,605 763,235 5,711,840 1,998,160 1995 December 6,700,576 286,487 6,987,063 722,937 1996 December 9,527,982 945,671 10,473,653 5,216,347 1997 December 12,980,714 996,449 13,977,163 1,712,837 1998 December 16,200,883 965,466 17,166,349 6,503,651 1999 December 19,677,001 1,101,964 20,778,965 2,891,035 2000 December 23,022,015 1,178,096 24,200,111 7,449,889 2001 December 23,453,029 1,027,973 24,481,002 7,168,998 2002 December 22,496,215 1,051,232 23,547,447 8,102,553 2003 December 21,108,662 941,520 22,050,182 9,599,818 2004 December 22,159,440 1,145,661 23,305,101 8,344,899 2005 December 22,474,643 957,835 23,432,478 8,217,522 2006 December 22,709,753 756,808 23,466,561 8,183,439 2007 December 23,902,113 3 585,864 24,487,982 7,322,018 2008 March 24,107,644 771,833 24,879,477 6,930,523 2 Miscellaneous numbers include those in the 800, 888, 877, and 866 service management systems maintained by Database Service Management, Inc., and categorized as reserved, assigned but not yet activated, recently disconnected, or suspended. 1 Toll-free (800) service was initially offered by AT&T in 1967. On May 1, 1993, procedures for routing toll- free calls were changed and 800 numbers were made "portable" so customers who switched service providers could retain their numbers. Due to the growth in demand for toll-free numbers, a new toll-free calling code, 888, was added in March 1996, which made it possible to assign about 8 million new toll- free numbers. A third toll-free calling code, 877, was added in April 1998; and a fourth toll-free code, 866, was added in July 2000. 3 SMS800 freed up all unused numbers contained in certain blocks of numbers that were reserved for the provision of certain mobile radio telecommunications (pager) services within a specified geographic area. These numbers were in NPA 800 and had NXXs in the range of NX2 where ‘N’ = 2 through 9 and ‘X’ = 0 for 1 and the numbers ended in a state code. http://www.sms800.com/PublicContent.aspx?Text=2008&URL=Shared+Documents%2fPublic%2fNews %2f2008&Site=Public, visited February 10, 2008. 41 Table 21 Telephone Numbers Assigned for 800 Toll-Free Service 1 Total Spare Toll-Free Working Miscellaneous Toll-Free Numbers Toll-Free Toll-Free Numbers Still Year Month Numbers Numbers 2 Assigned Available 1996 March 6,907,098 293,244 7,200,342 509,658 June 6,986,821 324,899 7,311,720 398,280 September 7,119,167 310,562 7,429,729 280,271 December 7,272,819 343,905 7,616,724 93,276 1997 March 7,402,769 305,362 7,708,131 1,869 June 7,415,591 293,802 7,709,393 607 September 7,427,717 280,668 7,708,385 1,615 December 7,429,160 267,429 7,696,589 13,411 1998 March 7,455,240 249,964 7,705,204 4,796 June 7,480,468 227,041 7,707,509 2,491 September 7,489,271 219,080 7,708,351 1,649 December 7,487,529 215,267 7,702,796 7,204 1999 March 7,498,527 204,515 7,703,042 6,958 June 7,502,118 207,061 7,709,179 821 September 7,523,302 185,363 7,708,665 1,335 December 7,505,737 202,416 7,708,153 1,847 2000 March 7,516,391 193,246 7,709,637 363 June 7,570,082 139,444 7,709,526 474 September 7,572,091 137,705 7,709,796 204 December 7,566,810 132,887 7,699,697 10,303 2001 March 7,434,621 264,967 7,699,588 10,412 June 7,357,279 242,106 7,599,385 110,615 September 7,383,111 164,881 7,547,992 162,008 December 7,370,055 184,689 7,554,744 155,256 2002 March 7,181,636 400,955 7,582,591 127,409 June 7,234,847 282,005 7,516,852 193,148 September 7,200,821 177,723 7,378,544 331,456 December 7,210,159 203,268 7,413,427 296,573 2003 March 7,182,120 224,536 7,406,656 303,344 June 7,171,068 234,576 7,405,644 304,356 September 7,031,806 222,846 7,254,652 455,348 December 7,089,752 260,807 7,350,559 359,441 2004 March 7,187,381 234,719 7,422,100 287,900 June 7,181,216 187,107 7,368,323 341,677 September 7,262,915 197,252 7,460,167 249,833 December 7,332,085 208,368 7,540,453 169,547 2005 March 7,267,936 234,679 7,502,615 207,385 June 7,163,402 425,206 7,588,608 121,392 September 7,160,678 495,326 7,656,004 53,996 December 7,317,165 277,052 7,594,217 115,783 2006 March 7,416,046 197,083 7,613,129 96,871 June 7,330,416 317,525 7,647,941 62,059 September 7,419,137 279,471 7,698,608 11,392 December 7,445,535 207,672 7,653,207 56,793 2007 March 7,559,307 140,686 7,699,993 10,007 June 7,546,532 153,063 7,699,595 10,405 September 7,597,883 102,117 7,700,000 10,000 December 7,736,774 3 123,226 7,860,000 10,000 3 2008 March 7,731,284 3 128,716 7,860,000 10,000 3 For data prior to 1996, see Table 18.4 of the Februrary 2007 edition of Trends in Telephone Service. 1 - 3 See Notes to Table 20. 42 Table 22 Telephone Numbers Assigned for 888 Toll-Free Service 1 Total Spare Toll-Free Working Miscellaneous Toll-Free Numbers Toll-Free Toll-Free Numbers Still Year Month Numbers Numbers 2 Assigned Available 1996 March 267,874 568,574 836,448 7,143,552 June 922,849 544,079 1,466,928 6,513,072 September 1,641,519 590,345 2,231,864 5,748,136 December 2,255,163 601,766 2,856,929 5,123,071 1997 March 2,857,608 661,164 3,518,772 4,461,228 June 3,660,984 681,981 4,342,965 3,637,035 September 4,776,688 774,431 5,551,119 2,428,881 December 5,551,554 729,020 6,280,574 1,699,426 1998 March 6,167,479 728,415 6,895,894 1,084,106 June 6,591,764 665,496 7,257,260 722,740 September 6,898,718 612,254 7,510,972 469,028 December 7,146,159 515,009 7,661,168 318,832 1999 March 7,278,531 495,904 7,774,435 205,565 June 7,428,424 231,697 7,660,121 319,879 September 7,601,867 211,318 7,813,185 166,815 December 7,643,158 324,405 7,967,563 12,437 2000 March 7,685,423 230,035 7,915,458 64,542 June 7,789,986 140,658 7,930,644 49,356 September 7,806,252 173,588 7,979,840 160 December 7,789,188 177,328 7,966,516 13,484 2001 March 7,616,189 355,451 7,971,640 8,360 June 7,548,761 270,198 7,818,959 161,041 September 7,508,100 203,518 7,711,618 268,382 December 7,452,071 190,727 7,642,798 337,202 2002 March 6,964,624 577,910 7,542,534 437,466 June 6,629,862 354,771 6,984,633 995,367 September 6,682,043 92,050 6,774,093 1,205,907 December 6,610,191 154,015 6,764,206 1,215,794 2003 March 6,408,723 324,558 6,733,281 1,246,719 June 6,228,846 251,701 6,480,547 1,499,453 September 5,818,266 216,862 6,035,128 1,944,872 December 5,711,949 250,662 5,962,611 2,017,389 2004 March 5,680,105 133,824 5,813,929 2,166,071 June 5,640,743 128,141 5,768,884 2,211,116 September 5,716,957 210,068 5,927,025 2,052,975 December 5,563,469 384,320 5,947,789 2,032,211 2005 March 5,465,594 159,097 5,624,691 2,355,309 June 5,306,927 296,729 5,603,656 2,376,344 September 5,314,969 221,122 5,536,091 2,443,909 December 5,265,331 196,817 5,462,148 2,517,852 2006 March 5,049,966 321,175 5,371,141 2,608,859 June 4,930,939 387,726 5,318,665 2,661,335 September 4,923,018 282,840 5,205,858 2,774,142 December 4,894,774 154,764 5,049,538 2,930,462 2007 March 4,865,839 172,035 5,037,874 2,942,126 June 4,892,896 211,491 5,104,387 2,875,613 September 5,014,039 143,278 5,157,317 2,822,683 December 5,075,256 134,928 5,210,184 2,769,816 2008 March 5,131,254 300,830 5,432,084 2,547,916 1 - 2 See Notes to Table 20. 43 Table 23 Telephone Numbers Assigned for 877 Toll-Free Service 1 Total Spare Toll-Free Working Miscellaneous Toll-Free Numbers Toll-Free Toll-Free Numbers Still Year Month Numbers Numbers 2 Assigned Available 1998 June 552,037 209,967 762,004 7,217,996 September 1,072,046 206,714 1,278,760 6,701,240 December 1,567,195 235,190 1,802,385 6,177,615 1999 March 2,141,228 329,044 2,470,272 5,509,728 June 2,899,466 410,026 3,309,492 4,670,508 September 3,755,361 436,433 4,191,794 3,788,206 December 4,528,106 575,143 5,103,249 2,876,751 2000 March 5,436,297 598,702 6,034,999 1,945,001 June 6,317,507 402,858 6,720,365 1,259,635 September 6,539,180 496,015 7,035,195 944,805 December 6,391,285 719,333 7,110,618 869,382 2001 March 6,289,079 469,980 6,759,059 1,220,941 June 6,094,898 715,097 6,809,995 1,170,005 September 6,163,297 489,084 6,652,381 1,327,619 December 6,214,863 345,468 6,560,331 1,419,669 2002 March 6,174,529 340,472 6,515,001 1,464,999 June 6,016,107 267,320 6,283,427 1,696,573 September 5,656,158 275,722 5,931,880 2,048,120 December 5,448,276 421,984 5,870,260 2,109,740 2003 March 5,132,413 579,240 5,711,653 2,268,347 June 4,791,792 376,236 5,168,028 2,811,972 September 4,617,147 170,787 4,787,934 3,192,066 December 4,536,366 191,410 4,727,776 3,252,224 2004 March 4,528,716 163,856 4,692,572 3,287,428 June 4,550,870 146,826 4,697,696 3,282,304 September 4,537,840 214,197 4,752,037 3,227,963 December 4,551,486 254,082 4,805,568 3,174,432 2005 March 4,590,227 139,089 4,729,316 3,250,684 June 4,498,452 232,477 4,730,929 3,249,071 September 4,476,657 193,315 4,669,972 3,310,028 December 4,424,365 212,543 4,636,908 3,343,092 2006 March 4,387,383 178,974 4,566,357 3,413,643 June 4,227,659 203,501 4,431,160 3,548,840 September 4,216,739 221,090 4,437,829 3,542,171 December 4,158,082 191,476 4,349,558 3,630,442 2007 March 4,160,134 126,236 4,286,370 3,693,630 June 4,176,830 168,005 4,344,835 3,635,165 September 4,186,296 140,506 4,326,802 3,653,198 December 4,236,995 151,687 4,388,682 3,591,318 2008 March 4,243,519 150,600 4,394,119 3,585,881 1 - 2 See Notes to Table 20. 44 Table 24 Telephone Numbers Assigned for 866 Toll-Free Service 1 Total Spare Toll-Free Working Miscellaneous Toll-Free Numbers Toll-Free Toll-Free Numbers Still Year Month Numbers Numbers 2 Assigned Available 2000 September 672,250 155,646 827,896 7,152,104 December 1,274,732 148,548 1,423,280 6,556,720 2001 March 1,652,602 361,888 2,014,490 5,965,510 June 1,944,520 362,880 2,307,400 5,672,600 September 2,256,792 308,801 2,565,593 5,414,407 December 2,416,040 307,089 2,723,129 5,256,871 2002 March 2,640,414 321,530 2,961,944 5,018,056 June 2,864,605 219,232 3,083,837 4,896,163 September 2,977,379 244,297 3,221,676 4,758,324 December 3,227,589 271,965 3,499,554 4,480,446 2003 March 3,461,686 299,700 3,761,386 4,218,614 June 3,486,674 420,477 3,907,151 4,072,849 September 3,609,244 265,446 3,874,690 4,105,310 December 3,770,595 238,641 4,009,236 3,970,764 2004 March 3,966,922 231,683 4,198,605 3,781,395 June 4,281,378 263,560 4,544,938 3,435,062 September 4,476,150 281,577 4,757,727 3,222,273 December 4,712,400 298,891 5,011,291 2,968,709 2005 March 5,015,324 267,412 5,282,736 2,697,264 June 5,047,314 487,471 5,534,785 2,445,215 September 5,259,730 352,226 5,611,956 2,368,044 December 5,467,782 271,423 5,739,205 2,240,795 2006 March 5,613,475 211,021 5,824,496 2,155,504 June 5,803,923 205,051 6,008,974 1,971,026 September 6,078,119 160,737 6,238,856 1,741,144 December 6,201,362 212,896 6,414,258 1,565,742 2007 March 6,355,241 207,073 6,562,314 1,417,686 June 6,555,756 240,460 6,796,216 1,183,784 September 6,685,581 219,067 6,904,648 1,075,352 December 6,853,093 176,023 7,029,116 950,884 2008 March 7,001,587 191,687 7,193,274 786,726 1 - 2 See Notes to Table 20. 45 Area Code State/Jurisdiction Area Code Opened Area Code State/ Jurisdiction Area Code Opened Area Code State/ Jurisdiction Area Code Opened Area Code State/ Jurisdiction Area Code Opened 205 Alabama Jan-47 229 Georgia Aug-00 320 Minnesota Mar-96 717 Pennsylvania Jan-47 334 Alabama Jan-95 478 Georgia Aug-00 651 Minnesota Jul-98 814 Pennsylvania Jan-47 256 Alabama Mar-98 762 Georgia May-06 763 Minnesota Feb-00 610 Pennsylvania Jan-94 251 Alabama Jun-01 671 Guam Jul-97 952 Minnesota Feb-00 724 Pennsylvania Feb-98 907 Alaska Jan-57 808 Hawaii Jan-57 601 Mississippi Jan-47 570 Pennsylvania Dec-98 684 American Samoa Oct-04 208 Idaho Jan-47 228 Mississippi Sep-97 484 Pennsylvania Jun-99 602 Arizona Jan-47 217 Illinois Jan-47 662 Mississippi Apr-99 267 Pennsylvania Jul-99 520 Arizona Mar-95 312 Illinois Jan-47 769 Mississippi Mar-05 878 Pennsylvania Aug-01 480 Arizona Mar-99 618 Illinois Jan-47 314 Missouri Jan-47 787 Puerto Rico Mar-96 623 Arizona Mar-99 815 Illinois Jan-47 816 Missouri Jan-47 939 Puerto Rico Sep-01 928 Arizona Jun-01 309 Illinois Jan-57 417 Missouri Jan-50 401 Rhode Island Jan-47 501 Arkansas Jan-47 708 Illinois Nov-89 573 Missouri Jan-96 803 South Carolina Jan-47 870 Arkansas Apr-97 847 Illinois Jan-96 660 Missouri Oct-97 864 South Carolina Dec-95 479 Arkansas Jan-02 630 Illinois Aug-96 636 Missouri May-99 843 South Carolina Mar-98 213 California Jan-47 773 Illinois Oct-96 406 Montana Jan-47 605 South Dakota Jan-47 415 California Jan-47 224 Illinois Jan-02 402 Nebraska Jan-47 901 Tennessee Jan-47 916 California Jan-47 779 Illinois Mar-07 308 Nebraska Jan-55 615 Tennessee Jan-54 714 California Jan-51 331 Illinois Oct-07 702 Nevada Jan-47 423 Tennessee Sep-95 805 California Jan-57 219 Indiana Jan-47 775 Nevada Dec-98 931 Tennessee Sep-97 209 California Jan-58 317 Indiana Jan-47 603 New Hampshire Jan-47 865 Tennessee Nov-99 408 California Jan-59 812 Indiana Jan-47 201 New Jersey Jan-47 731 Tennessee Feb-01 707 California Jan-59 765 Indiana Feb-97 609 New Jersey Jan-57 214 Texas Jan-47 619 California Jan-82 260 Indiana Jan-02 908 New Jersey Nov-90 512 Texas Jan-47 818 California Jan-84 574 Indiana Jan-02 732 New Jersey Jun-97 713 Texas Jan-47 510 California Sep-91 319 Iowa Jan-47 973 New Jersey Jun-97 915 Texas Jan-47 310 California Nov-91 515 Iowa Jan-47 856 New Jersey Jun-99 817 Texas Jan-53 909 California Nov-92 712 Iowa Jan-47 551 New Jersey Dec-01 806 Texas Jan-57 562 California Jan-97 641 Iowa Jul-00 848 New Jersey Dec-01 409 Texas Nov-82 760 California Mar-97 563 Iowa Mar-01 862 New Jersey Dec-01 903 Texas Nov-90 626 California Jun-97 316 Kansas Jan-47 505 New Mexico Jan-47 210 Texas Nov-92 650 California Aug-97 913 Kansas Jan-47 575 New Mexico Oct-07 972 Texas Sep-96 530 California Nov-97 785 Kansas Jul-97 212 New York Jan-47 281 Texas Nov-96 925 California Mar-98 620 Kansas Feb-01 315 New York Jan-47 254 Texas May-97 949 California Apr-98 502 Kentucky Jan-47 518 New York Jan-47 940 Texas May-97 323 California Jun-98 606 Kentucky Jan-55 716 New York Jan-47 830 Texas Jul-97 831 California Jul-98 270 Kentucky Apr-99 914 New York Jan-47 956 Texas Jul-97 559 California Nov-98 859 Kentucky Apr-00 516 New York Jan-51 832 Texas Jan-99 661 California Feb-99 364 Kentucky Jan-09 607 New York Jan-54 361 Texas Feb-99 858 California Jun-99 504 Louisiana Jan-47 718 New York Sep-84 469 Texas Jul-99 951 California Jul-04 318 Louisiana Jan-57 917 New York Jan-92 936 Texas Feb-00 424 California Aug-06 225 Louisiana Aug-98 646 New York Jul-99 979 Texas Feb-00 657 California Sep-08 337 Louisiana Oct-99 347 New York Oct-99 682 Texas Oct-00 303 Colorado Jan-47 985 Louisiana Feb-01 631 New York Nov-99 430 Texas Feb-03 719 Colorado Mar-88 207 Maine Jan-47 845 New York Jun-00 325 Texas Apr-03 970 Colorado Apr-95 301 Maryland Jan-47 585 New York Nov-01 432 Texas Apr-03 720 Colorado Jun-98 410 Maryland Oct-91 704 North Carolina Jan-47 801 Utah Jan-47 203 Connecticut Jan-47 240 Maryland Jun-97 919 North Carolina Jan-54 435 Utah Sep-97 860 Connecticut Aug-95 443 Maryland Jun-97 910 North Carolina Nov-93 385 Utah Mar-09 302 Delaware Jan-47 413 Massachusetts Jan-47 336 North Carolina Dec-97 802 Vermont Jan-47 202 DC Jan-47 617 Massachusetts Jan-47 252 North Carolina Mar-98 340 Virgin Islands Jun-97 305 Florida Jan-47 508 Massachusetts Jul-88 828 North Carolina Mar-98 703 Virginia Jan-47 813 Florida Jan-53 781 Massachusetts Sep-97 980 North Carolina Apr-01 804 Virginia Jun-73 904 Florida Jul-65 978 Massachusetts Sep-97 701 North Dakota Jan-47 540 Virginia Jul-95 407 Florida Apr-88 339 Massachusetts May-01 670 Northern Marianas Is. Jul-97 757 Virginia Jul-96 941 Florida May-95 351 Massachusetts May-01 216 Ohio Jan-47 571 Virginia Mar-00 954 Florida Sep-95 774 Massachusetts May-01 419 Ohio Jan-47 434 Virginia Jun-01 352 Florida Dec-95 857 Massachusetts May-01 513 Ohio Jan-47 276 Virginia Sep-01 561 Florida May-96 313 Michigan Jan-47 614 Ohio Jan-47 206 Washington Jan-47 850 Florida Jun-97 517 Michigan Jan-47 330 Ohio Mar-96 509 Washington Jan-57 786 Florida Mar-98 616 Michigan Jan-47 937 Ohio Sep-96 360 Washington Jan-95 727 Florida Jul-98 906 Michigan Mar-61 440 Ohio Aug-97 253 Washington Apr-97 863 Florida Sep-99 810 Michigan Dec-93 740 Ohio Dec-97 425 Washington Apr-97 321 Florida Nov-99 248 Michigan May-97 234 Ohio Oct-00 304 West Virginia Jan-47 386 Florida Feb-01 734 Michigan Dec-97 567 Ohio Jan-02 681 West Virginia Mar-09 754 Florida Aug-01 231 Michigan Jun-99 405 Oklahoma Jan-47 414 Wisconsin Jan-47 772 Florida Feb-02 989 Michigan Apr-01 918 Oklahoma Jan-53 715 Wisconsin Jan-47 239 Florida Mar-02 586 Michigan Sep-01 580 Oklahoma Nov-97 608 Wisconsin Jan-55 404 Georgia Jan-47 269 Michigan Jul-02 503 Oregon Jan-47 920 Wisconsin Jul-97 912 Georgia Jan-54 947 Michigan Sep-02 541 Oregon Nov-95 262 Wisconsin Sep-99 706 Georgia May-92 218 Minnesota Jan-47 971 Oregon Oct-00 307 Wyoming Jan-47 770 Georgia Aug-95 612 Minnesota Jan-47 215 Pennsylvania Jan-47 678 Georgia Jan-98 507 Minnesota Jan-54 412 Pennsylvania Jan-47 Source: North American Numbering Plan Administrator. Note: Implementation dates after 2008 are scheduled dates. Table 25 Area Codes by State (1947 - 2008) 46 Table 26 Area Code Assignments (1999-2008) Implementation Previous Added Location Date 1 Code Code Texas (Houston) Jan-99 713 832 California Feb-99 805 661 Texas Feb-99 512 361 Arizona Mar-99 602 480 Arizona Mar-99 602 623 Kentucky Apr-99 502 270 Mississippi Apr-99 601 662 Alberta May-99 403 780 Missouri May-99 314 636 Michigan Jun-99 616 231 Pennsylvania Jun-99 610 484 California Jun-99 619 858 New Jersey Jun-99 609 856 New York (Manhattan) Jul-99 212 646 Pennsylvania Jul-99 215 267 Texas (Dallas) Jul-99 214 469 Florida Sep-99 941 863 Wisconsin Sep-99 414 262 New York Oct-99 718 347 Louisiana Oct-99 318 337 Florida Nov-99 407 321 New York Nov-99 516 631 Tennessee Nov-99 423 865 Texas Feb-00 409 936 Texas Feb-00 409 979 Minnesota Feb-00 612 763 Minnesota Feb-00 612 952 Virginia Mar-00 703 571 Kentucky Apr-00 606 859 New York Jun-00 914 845 Iowa Jul-00 515 641 Georgia Aug-00 912 229 Georgia Aug-00 912 478 Oregon Oct-00 503 971 Texas Oct-00 817 682 Ohio Oct-00 330 234 Kansas Feb-01 316 620 Louisiana Feb-01 504 985 Tennessee Feb-01 901 731 Florida Feb-01 904 386 Ontario Mar-01 416 647 Iowa Mar-01 319 563 North Carolina Apr-01 704 980 Michigan Apr-01 517 989 Massachusetts May-01 508 774 Massachusetts May-01 617 857 Massachusetts May-01 781 339 Massachusetts May-01 978 351 Pennsylvania May-01 484 835 2 Pennsylvania May-01 267 445 3 47 Table 26 Area Code Assignments (1999-2008) Virginia Jun-01 804 434 Ontario Jun-01 905 289 Alabama Jun-01 334 251 Arizona Jun-01 520 928 Florida Aug-01 954 754 Pennsylvania Aug-01 412 878 Virginia Sep-01 540 276 Puerto Rico Sep-01 787 939 Michigan Sep-01 810 586 British Columbia Nov-01 604 778 New York Nov-01 716 585 New Jersey Dec-01 201 551 New Jersey Dec-01 732 848 New Jersey Dec-01 973 862 Ohio Jan-02 419 567 Illinois Jan-02 847 224 Indiana Jan-02 219 260 Indiana Jan-02 219 574 Arkansas Jan-02 501 479 Florida Feb-02 561 772 Florida Mar-02 941 239 Michigan Jul-02 616 269 Michigan Sep-02 248 947 Texas Feb-03 903 430 Texas Apr-03 915 325 Texas Apr-03 915 432 California Jul-04 909 951 Mississippi Mar-05 601 769 Dominican Republic Aug-05 809 829 Georgia May-06 706 762 California Aug-06 310 424 Ontario Oct-06 519 226 Quebec Nov-06 514 438 Illinois Mar-07 815 779 Illinois Oct-07 630 331 New Mexico Oct-07 505 575 California Sep-08 714 657 Kentucky Jan-09 270 364 West Virginia Mar-09 304 681 Utah Mar-09 801 385 Note: For years 1984 - 1998, see Industry Analysis Division, Wireline Competition Bureau, Trends in Telephone Service (August 2003). 1 Implemenation dates after 2008 are scheduled dates. 2 The NANPA was able to reclaim area code 835. See Planning Letter 344 at NeuStar.com. 3 The NANPA was able to reclaim area code 445. See Planning Letter 332 at NeuStar.com. Source: North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA), which can be accessed at www.nanpa.com. 48 Table 27 Number of Digits Necessary to Dial Local and Toll Calls in the US (As of March 2008) Local Calls Toll Calls Toll Calls Within Same Between Within Same Between Require State Area Code Area Codes Area Code Area Codes Dialing 1 + Alabama 7 1 10 2 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Alaska 7 1 + 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Arizona 7 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Arkansas 7 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes California 7 3 1 + 10 7 3 1 + 10 No Colorado 7 4 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Connecticut 7 5 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Delaware 7 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes District of Columbia 7 10 NA 1 + 10 Yes Florida 7 6 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Georgia 7 7 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Hawaii 7 NA 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Idaho 7 7 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Illinois 7 8 1 + 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Indiana 7 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Iowa 7 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Kansas 7 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Kentucky 7 10 9 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Louisiana 7 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Maine 7 1 + 10 7 1 + 10 No Maryland 10 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Massachusetts 10 10 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Michigan 7 11 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Minnesota 7 10 12 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Mississippi 7 13 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Missouri 7 14 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Montana 7 7 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Nebraska 7 7 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Nevada 7 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes New Hampshire 7 1 + 10 7 1 + 10 No New Jersey 10 15 1 + 10 10 15 1 + 10 No New Mexico 7 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes New York 7 16 1 + 10 7 16 1 + 10 No North Carolina 7 17 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes North Dakota 7 7 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Ohio 7 18 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Oklahoma 7 7 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Oregon 10 19 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Pennsylvania 10 20 1 + 10 21 10 20 1 + 10 21 No Rhode Island 7 1 + 10 7 1 + 10 No South Carolina 7 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes South Dakota 7 7 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Tennessee 7 10 22 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Texas 7 23 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Utah 7 24 10 25 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Vermont 7 1 + 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Virginia 7 26 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Washington 7 27 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes West Virginia 7 28 7 28 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Wisconsin 7 1 + 10 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes Wyoming 7 7 1 + 10 1 + 10 Yes NA - Not Applicable. Source: NPA database. The database is available at www.nanpa.com/area_codes/index.html. 49 Notes to Table 27 1 In area code 659, 10-digit dialing is used. 2 In area code 659, 1+10-digit dialing is used. 3 In area codes 424, 657 and 310, 1+10-digit dialing is used. 4 In area codes 303 and 720, 10-digit dialing is used. 5 In area codes 475 and 959, 10-digit dialing is used. 6 In area codes 305, 321, 407, 689, 754, 786, and 954, 10-digit dialing is used. 7 In area codes 404, 470, 678, 762, 706 and 770, 10-digit dialing is used. 8 In area codes 224, 331, 872, 464, 447, 815, 779, 630 and 847, 1+ 10-digit dialing is used. 9 In area codes 270, 364 and 502, 7-digit dialing is used. 10 In area code 413, 7-digit dialing is used. 11 In area codes 248, 679 and 947, 10-digit dialing is used. 12 In area codes 218, 320, and 507, 7-digit dialing is used. 13 In area codes 601 and 769, 10-digit dialing is used. 14 In area codes 557 and 975, 10-digit dialing is used. 15 In area codes 609, 856, and 908, 7-digit dialing is used. 16 In area codes 212, 347, 646, 718, and 917, 1+10 digit dialing is used. 17 In area codes 704, 980 and 984, 10-digit dialing is used. 18 In area codes 234, 283, 330, 380, 419, and 567, 10-digit dialing is used. 19 In area code 541, 7-digit dialing is used. 20 In area codes 570, 717, and 814, 7-digit dialing is used. 21 In some area codes, local calls to some other area codes may be dialed using 10 digits. 22 In area codes 615 and 931, 7-digit dialing is used. 23 In area codes 214, 281, 430, 469, 682, 713, 817, 832, 903, and 972, 10-digit dialing is used. 24 In area code 385, 10-digit dialing is used. 25 In area code 435, 7-digit dialing is used. 26 In area codes 571 and 703, 10-digit dialing is used. 27 In area code 564, 10-digit dialing is used. 28 In area code 681, 10-digit dialing is used. 50 Customer Response Publication: Numbering Resource Utilization in the United States (NRUF data as of December 31, 2007). 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