Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 Industry Analysis and Technology Division Wireline Competition Bureau September 2010 This report is available for reference in the FCC’s Reference Information Center, Courtyard Level, 445 12th Street, SW, Washington, DC. Copies may be purchased by contacting Best Copy and Printing, Inc., 445 12th Street, SW, Room CY-B402, Washington, DC 20554, telephone (800) 378-3160, or via their website at www.bcpiweb.com. The report can also be downloaded from the Wireline Competition Bureau Statistical Reports Internet site at www.fcc.gov/wcb/stats. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 i Contents TEXT Introduction.............................................................................................................................................1 A note on trend analysis..........................................................................................................................2 Report overview......................................................................................................................................2 Report highlights.....................................................................................................................................3 Total subscribership by technology..................................................................................................3 Residential subscribership by technology ........................................................................................4 Connection speeds............................................................................................................................4 Census tract and county shares of households with reportable connections ....................................5 Maps of providers by census tract ....................................................................................................5 Household adoption by speed tier ....................................................................................................5 Household adoption rates and subscribership demographics ...........................................................5 Technical notes .....................................................................................................................................59 Customer response form TABLES 1. Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2005-2009...................................................6 2. Connections over 200 kbps in Both Directions 2005-2009..............................................................7 3. Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2005-2009................................8 4. Residential Connections over 200 kbps in Both Directions 2005-2009...........................................9 5. Residential Connections by Technology and Speed.......................................................................12 6. Total Connections by Speed Tier ...................................................................................................13 7. Residential Connections by Speed Tier..........................................................................................14 8. Total Connections and Percentage Residential by Speed Tier .......................................................17 9. Fixed Connections and Percentage Residential by Speed Tier ......................................................18 10. Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2005-2009..............................................................................................................19 11. Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by Technology ...........................................................................................21 12. Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by Technology...............................................................................................23 13. Percentage of Census Tracts with Residential Fixed Connections by Technology ........................30 14. Connections by Technology by State ............................................................................................31 15. Percentage of Connections by Downstream Speed by State ..........................................................33 16. ADSL Connections by State 2005-2009 ........................................................................................35 17. Cable Modem Connections by State 2005-2009 ............................................................................37 18. Connections by Type of End User by State ...................................................................................39 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 ii 19. Percentage of Residential End-User Premises with Access to Services over 200 kbps in at Least one Direction by State...................................................................................................40 20. Providers of Connections by Technology by State .......................................................................41 21. Residential Fixed Connections and Households by State ..............................................................43 22. Residential Fixed Connections (BTOP/BIP Definition) and Households by State ........................44 23. Residential Fixed Connections (Approximating the National Broadband Availability Target) and Households by State....................................................................................................45 24. Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by State .......................................................................................................................46 25. Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State .......................................................................................................................48 CHARTS 1. Fixed Connections 2005-2009..........................................................................................................6 2. Connections by Technology.............................................................................................................6 3. Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in Both Directions 2005-2009....................................................7 4. Connections over 200 kbps in Both Directions by Technology.......................................................7 5. Residential Fixed Connections 2005-2009.......................................................................................8 6. Residential Connections by Technology ..........................................................................................8 7. Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in Both Directions 2005-2009.................................9 8. Residential Connections over 200 kbps in Both Directions by Technology ...................................9 9. Residential Fixed Connections 2005-2009, Shares of Selected Technologies...............................10 10. Residential Fixed Connections 2005-2009, Net Adds for Selected Technologies.........................10 11. Distribution of Connections by Downstream Speed, Selected Technologies ................................11 12. Residential Connections (BTOP/BIP Definition) by Technology .................................................12 13. Distribution of Residential Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed Tier..................................15 14. Distribution of Residential Connections by Downstream Speed Tier............................................16 15. Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction, Selected Technologies 2005-2009..................................................................................................19 16. Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households ........................................................................................................................20 17. Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households............................................................................................................................22 18. Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Income Decile, County Data .............................................................................50 19. Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Income Deciles..................................................................51 20. Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Density Decile, County Data.............................................................................52 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 iii 21. Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Density Deciles .................................................................53 22. Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least one Direction to Households by Share of College Graduates in Deciles, County Data........................................54 23. Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share of Population with a College Degree ......................55 24. Subscribership Ratios by Technology and Tract Density ..............................................................56 25. Average Subscribership Ratios by Income and Household Density, Tract Data ...........................57 26. Median Ratios of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Income and Density, Tract Data........................................................................58 MAPS Residential Fixed Connections per 1,000 Households by Census Tract...............................................24 Residential Fixed Connections per 1,000 Households by Census Tract (BTOP/BIP Definition) ........25 Providers of Fixed Connections by Census Tract.................................................................................26 Providers of Residential Fixed Connections by Census Tract ..............................................................27 Providers of Residential Fixed Connections (NBP Approximation) by Census Tract .........................28 Providers of Mobile Connections by Census Tract ..............................................................................29 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 1 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 Introduction. This report summarizes information about Internet access connections over 200 kilobits per second (kbps) in at least one direction in service in the United States on June 30, 2009, as collected by FCC Form 477. Form 477 gathers standardized information about subscribership to Internet access services from telephone companies, cable system operators, terrestrial wireless service providers, satellite service providers, and any other facilities-based providers of advanced telecommunications capability. 1 This report reflects the Commission’s continued efforts to improve the way it collects, uses, and disseminates data. This report traditionally has used the terms “high-speed” or “broadband” to describe all reported connections and, additionally, used the term “advanced services” to describe the subset of connections with advertised speeds above 200 kbps both to and from the end user (but not necessarily the same speed in each direction). As reflected in the National Broadband Plan and the Commission’s Sixth Broadband Deployment Report, expectations regarding the appropriate performance characteristics of such connections are evolving. 2 In recognition, this report does not use those terms to describe the performance characteristics of connections used for Internet access service. This also is the second of the Form 477 semiannual data collections to include details about subscribership differences among census tracts and counties, as well as subscribership differences among the states. 3 1 Form 477 collects, and this report summarizes, information about Internet access connections in service to end- user locations that are advertised to deliver information to and/or from the end user – that is, in at least one direction – at transfer rates (“speeds”) above 200 kbps. Information is collected about connections in several sub-groupings (“speed tiers”) defined by ranges of upstream speeds and downstream speeds. Connections are further categorized by the technology employed by the part of the connection that terminates at the end-user location. See Technical Notes, at the end of this report, for information about the technology categories. In the Form 477 data collection, “end users” are residential, business, institutional, or government entities who use services for their own purposes and who do not resell such services to other entities. The “facilities-based” provider of a connection is the entity that owns the portion of the physical facility that terminates at the end-user location, obtains an unbundled network element (UNE), special access line, or other leased facility that terminates at the end- user location and provisions/equips it as a connection that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction, or provisions/equips a wireless channel that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction to the end-user location over licensed spectrum or over spectrum that the provider uses on an unlicensed basis. The facilities-based providers report information about connections they provide directly to their own end- user customers and also connections that they provide to Internet Service Providers (ISPs) for resale to end users, and ISPs who are not themselves facilities-based providers do not report. These requirements avoid double- counting of end user connections. When the service retailer is such a reseller ISP, connections must be reported as residential or business connections based on the status of the end user of the ISP’s retail Internet access service. 2 See Federal Communications Commission, Omnibus Broadband Initiative, Connecting America: The National Broadband Plan, GN Docket No. 09-51 (2010) (NBP), available at http://www.broadband.gov/. 3 Congress directed the Commission and the states, in section 706 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, to encourage deployment of advanced telecommunications capability in the United States on a reasonable and timely basis. See 47 U.S.C. § 1302(b). Section 706 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-104, title VII, Sec. 706, 110 Stat. 56, 153 (1996) (1996 Act), as amended in relevant part by the Broadband Data Improvement Act, Pub. L. No. 110-385, 122 Stat. 4096 (2008) (BDIA), is now codified in Title 47, Chapter 12 of the United States Code. See 47 U.S.C. § 1301 et. seq. To assist in its evaluation of such deployment, in 2000 the Commission instituted the Form 477 data collection program. For an overview of the history of the program and the major modifications adopted in 2008 – including the requirement to report fixed-location Internet access connections at the (continued….) U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 2 A note on trends analysis. Readers interested in historical trends in the Form 477 data should note key changes to the reporting requirements that were effective in 2005 and in 2008. First, the historical series presented in this report begin with data as of June 30, 2005. In earlier data from this collection, providers with fewer than 250 connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction in service in a particular state were not required to report data for that state. 4 Readers may refer to previous releases of this report for the more extensive data, from December 31, 1999, onward. 5 Second, changed reporting instructions starting in December 2008 caused a one-time decrease in the reported number of mobile wireless Internet access service connections, from about 60 million in June 2008 to about 25 million in December 2008. 6 Therefore, there was also a one-time decrease, between June 2008 and December 2008, in the reported number of total Internet access connections for all technologies combined. Report overview. Following a presentation of report highlights, the remainder of the report consists of tables and charts in the following sequence. • National data. We update historical tables and present tables and charts that summarize detailed data as of June 30, 2009. The detailed data include connections reported in 72 combinations of advertised upstream and downstream transmission speeds (nine upstream speed ranges and eight downstream speed ranges), which may differ from the actual speeds experienced by subscribers. The national data also include differences among the 3,232 counties and 66,287 census tracts in the estimated share of households with fixed-location Internet access connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction. 7 (Continued from previous page) census tract level of detail – see High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31, 2008 (February 2010) (December 2008 High-Speed Report) at 2-3, available at http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html. 4 Eliminating the reporting threshold resulted in the number of filers more than doubling. However, as of June 30, 2005, filers with fewer than 250 connections in a state (including some entities that previously made voluntary submissions) represented about 0.2% of total reported connections. 5 Previous releases of this report are available at http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html. Individual reports may include revisions of previously published statistics. 6 For reporting periods through June 30, 2008, Form 477 had instructed mobile wireless providers to report the number of subscribers whose mobile device (such as a wireless modem laptop card, smartphone, or handset) was capable of sending or receiving data at speeds above 200 kbps. Starting with the December 31, 2008 data, Form 477 requires mobile wireless providers to report the number of subscribers that have such a device and also a subscription that includes a data plan for transferring, on a monthly basis, either a specified or an unlimited amount of data to and from Internet sites of the subscriber’s choice, and excluding subscribers whose choice of content is restricted to only customized-for-mobile content (for example, text and multimedia messaging, or the capacity to download ringtones and games). In this report, we refer to such subscribers as having service subscriptions for full Internet access. See also Technical Notes for Tables 1-4 at the end of this report. 7 According to the Census Bureau, there were 66,438 census tracts in the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Island Areas (e.g., the U.S. Virgin Islands) for the 2000 decennial census, including some coastal and Great Lakes water and territorial sea areas for which the Census Bureau assigned a default census tract code of 000000. The default- code tracts are not included in the statistics in this report. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 3 Concerning transmission speeds, we note for the first time the connections reported in the Form 477 speed tiers that most closely approximate the initial broadband availability target that was recommended in the National Broadband Plan. 8 We also note the reported connections that meet the “BTOP/BIP definition” of broadband service (advertised speeds of at least 768 kbps downstream and 200 kbps upstream to end users) that the Rural Utilities Service, Department of Agriculture, and the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, Department of Commerce, adopted to implement the stimulus funding for broadband deployment provisions of the Recovery Act. 9 • State data. We update historical tables and present a table that summarizes connections reported in 72 combinations of upstream and downstream transmission speeds as of June 30, 2009. • County and census tract data. We update tables that summarize the estimated shares of households with reportable fixed-location Internet access service in different geographies. By contrast to the national summary information, these tables present detailed results for the counties and census tracts in individual states as of June 30, 2009. • Demographic factors. We update charts that illustrate relationships to demographic factors, for example, income and educational attainment. Readers should note that, consistent with our past practices for this report, publicly available detailed information that supplements the report will be made available electronically on the Wireline Competition Bureau’s website. 10 Report highlights Total subscribership by technology (Table 1) • Internet access connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction to homes and businesses over fixed-location technologies increased by 3% during the first half of 2009, to 78 million. 8 The NBP recommends, as an initial broadband availability target for universal access, actual download speeds of at least 4 megabits per second (mbps) and actual upload speeds of at least 1 mbps, and recommends that the FCC should review and reset this target every four years. See NBP, supra note 2, at 135. We use the Form 477-defined speed tiers beginning at 3 mbps for downloads and 768 kbps for uploads as the data that most closely approximate the NBP availability target. See Inquiry Concerning the Deployment of Advanced Telecommunications Capability to All Americans in a Reasonable and Timely Fashion, and Possible Steps to Accelerate Such Deployment Pursuant to Section 706 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, Amended by the Broadband Data Improvement Act, GN Docket Nos. 09-137, 09-51 Report, FCC 10-129, para. 20 (rel. July 20, 2010). 9 See Department of Agriculture, Rural Utilities Service, Broadband Initiatives Program, RIN: 00572-ZA01, Department of Commerce, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, Broadband Technology Opportunitites Program, RIN: 0660-ZA28, Notice of Funds Availability, 74 Red. Reg. 33104 (July 9, 2009). 10 See, for example, items posted under the subheading “Miscellaneous data from FCC Form 477” at http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 4 • At mid-year 2009, 35 million mobile wireless service subscribers had mobile devices (such as laptops and smartphones) with data plans for full Internet access, as compared to 25 million six months earlier. • Reported connections for the most widely adopted fixed-location technologies, cable modem and aDSL, increased by 3% and 1%, respectively, during the first half of 2009, to 41 million cable modem connections and 31 million aDSL connections. A 23% increase in total fiber-to-the- premises (“FTTP”) connections, to 4 million, was the largest rate of change among the fixed- location technologies. Reportable satellite Internet connections increased by 6%, to 1 million. Residential subscribership by technology (Table 3) • There were 94 million reportable residential connections at mid-year 2009, of which 71 million were fixed-technology connections and 23 million were mobile wireless subscribers with data plans for full Internet access. • Of the 94 million reportable residential connections at year-end 2008, cable modem represented 42%, aDSL represented 29%, mobile wireless subscribers with data plans for full Internet access represented 24%, FTTP represented 4%, and all other technologies represented 1%. • Residential FTTP connections increased by 23% during the first half of 2009. Together, residential aDSL and FTTP connections increased by 4%, to 30 million. Connection speeds (Tables 6, 8, and 9) • Of the 113 million total (combined residential and business) reportable connections at mid-year 2009, about 34 million connections (or 30% of the total) were in the Form 477-defined speed tiers that, in combination, most closely approximate the initial broadband availability target recommended in the National Broadband Plan – that is, the connection was reported in one of the 35 (out of a total of 72) Form 477-defined speed tiers for which the minimum advertised speed for downloads was either 3 mbps or one of the higher Form 477-defined thresholds, and for which the minimum advertised speed for uploads was either 768 kbps or one of the higher Form 477-defined thresholds. • Of the 113 million total (combined residential and business) reportable connections, 87 million connections (or 76% of the total) met the BTOP/BIP definition of broadband service (768 kbps or higher advertised downstream speeds and upstream speeds above 200 kbps). Among the 78 million fixed-location connections included in the total reportable connections, 91% met the BTOP/BIP definition of broadband service. Among the 35 million mobile wireless subscribers whose subscriptions included a data plan for full Internet access, the share was 45%. • Of the 113 million total (combined residential and business) reportable connections in June 2009, 96 million (or 85% of the total) were faster than 200 kbps in both upstream and downstream directions. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 5 Census tract and county shares of households with reportable connections (Charts 16-17, and the two maps following Table 12) • We estimate the share of households with fixed-location Internet access connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction in individual census tracts and counties as of June 30, 2009. As was the case at year-end 2008, our estimates indicate that there are substantial areas of relatively low and relatively high household adoption around the national average. • Particularly for census tracts, we continue to find estimates above 100% for the share of households with reportable fixed-location Internet access connections. Therefore, for reasons of accuracy, we continue to present many of our estimates at the county level. 11 Maps of providers by census tract • Maps depict the number of providers of reportable connections by census tract. These maps are similar to previously published maps of providers by ZIP Code, but differ in important respects. In particular, instead of a single map combining providers of connections over all technologies and to both residential and business end users, now maps depict: (1) providers of total (combined residential and business) fixed-location connections, (2) providers of residential fixed-location connections, (3) providers of residential fixed-location connections that approximate the National Broadband Plan target, and (4) providers making mobile wireless service available. 12 Household adoption by speed tier (Tables 21-23) • As a national average, there were 61 reportable residential fixed-location connections per 100 households in June 2009. The ratio was 56 connections per 100 households for connections whose speeds met the BTOP/BIP definition. It was 27 connections per 100 households for connections whose speeds most closely approximated the initial broadband availability target recommended in the National Broadband Plan. Household adoption rates and subscribership demographics (Charts 18-26) • The report includes updated charts illustrating the relationship between household subscribership, or adoption, rates and demographic factors, such as median household income, household density, and educational attainment. • The data as of mid-year 2009 continue to indicate that some demographic variables matter in explaining geographic variations in the adoption of Internet access service. * * * * We invite users of this information to suggest improvements in the data analysis by using the attached customer response form or e-mailing comments to IATDreports@fcc.gov for subject: June 2009 Internet services data, and to participate in proceedings the Commission undertakes to improve the data collection. 11 See Technical Notes for Charts 16-17, Tables 11-12 and 21-22 at the end of the report for a discussion of ratios above 100%. 12 As discussed in the Technical Notes, a mobile wireless provider should only report service availability in census tracts where the provider operates a network capable of sending or receiving data at speeds above 200 kbps. 1 Table 1 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2005-2009 (In thousands) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 42,518 50,930 64,992 82,525 100,986 121,222 132,814 100,702 113,349 Total Fixed 42,138 47,803 53,975 60,238 65,681 70,206 73,123 75,662 77,950 aDSL 16,316 19,515 22,584 25,413 27,793 29,449 29,964 30,198 30,617 sDSL 412 369 337 345 320 293 275 241 217 Other Wireline 487 373 472 545 622 605 665 705 686 Cable Modem 24,017 26,558 29,173 31,982 34,404 36,507 38,190 40,207 41,407 FTTP 1 316 298 547 894 1,281 1,849 2,346 2,884 3,543 Satellite 377 427 495 572 669 791 869 938 990 Fixed Wireless 209 257 361 483 587 707 808 484 485 Power Line and Other 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Mobile Wireless 2 380 3,128 11,017 22,288 35,305 51,016 59,691 25,040 35,399 1 Fiber to the premises. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Reporting instructions for mobile wireless changed between the June 2008 and December 2008 data. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Note: Some December 2008 data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. C o nn e c t i o ns i n T h o u s a nd s 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 Jun 2005 Dec 2005 Jun 2006 Dec 2006 Jun 2007 Dec 2007 Jun 2008 Dec 2008 Jun 2009 Chart 1 Fixed Connections 2005-2009 Chart 2 Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2009 aDSL 27.0% FTTP 3.1% Cable Modem 36.5% Satellite 0.9% Mobile Wireless 31.2% All Other 1.2% U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 6 2 Table 2 Connections over 200 kbps in Both Directions 2005-2009 (In thousands) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 37,333 43,592 50,838 59,505 69,619 80,254 88,414 84,576 95,902 Total Fixed 37,311 43,510 48,923 55,015 60,429 64,907 68,189 70,107 73,183 aDSL 13,176 15,921 18,310 21,144 23,657 25,244 26,132 26,569 27,590 sDSL 387 369 337 345 319 293 275 241 217 Other Wireline 482 368 471 544 622 605 665 705 686 Cable Modem 22,745 26,294 28,893 31,594 33,936 36,165 37,849 39,201 40,599 FTTP 1 314 297 546 893 1,279 1,845 2,344 2,879 3,538 Satellite 11 36 27 36 57 74 155 110 130 Fixed Wireless 191 220 333 455 554 675 763 399 419 Power Line and Other 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Mobile Wireless 2 21 82 1,914 4,491 9,190 15,347 20,226 14,469 22,719 1 Fiber to the premises. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Reporting instructions for mobile wireless changed between the June 2008 and December 2008 data. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Note: Some December 2008 data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. C o nn e c t i o ns i n T h o u s a nd s 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 Jun 2005 Dec 2005 Jun 2006 Dec 2006 Jun 2007 Dec 2007 Jun 2008 Dec 2008 Jun 2009 Chart 3 Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in Both Directions 2005-2009 Chart 4 Connections over 200 kbps in Both Directions by Technology as of June 30, 2009 aDSL 28.8% FTTP 3.7% Cable Modem 42.3% Mobile Wireless 23.7% All Other 1.5% U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 7 3 Table 3 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2005-2009 (In thousands) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 38,696 43,965 50,941 58,344 66,173 73,984 79,090 84,745 93,920 Total Fixed 38,694 43,956 49,784 55,652 60,628 64,875 67,554 68,996 71,391 aDSL 14,443 17,371 20,152 22,768 24,962 26,475 26,950 26,488 27,028 sDSL 154 122 103 105 105 82 81 74 71 Other Wireline 6 7 9 13 12 17 32 42 44 Cable Modem 23,578 25,714 28,388 31,118 33,336 35,341 36,901 38,631 39,816 FTTP 1 83 213 444 764 1,153 1,683 2,139 2,717 3,344 Satellite 265 320 382 456 530 626 705 630 668 Fixed Wireless 161 203 301 424 523 644 741 409 416 Power Line and Other 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Mobile Wireless 2 3 9 1,157 2,692 5,545 9,109 11,536 15,749 22,529 1 Fiber to the premises. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Reporting instructions for mobile wireless changed between the June 2008 and December 2008 data. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Note: Some December 2008 data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. C o nn e c t i o ns i n T h o u s a nd s 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 Jun 2005 Dec 2005 Jun 2006 Dec 2006 Jun 2007 Dec 2007 Jun 2008 Dec 2008 Jun 2009 Chart 5 Residential Fixed Connections 2005-2009 Chart 6 Residential Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2009 aDSL 28.8% FTTP 3.6% Cable Modem 42.4% Mobile Wireless 24.0% All Other 1.3% U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 8 4 Table 4 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in Both Directions 2005-2009 (In thousands) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 34,445 40,323 46,585 53,648 61,371 69,148 74,458 73,163 81,587 Total Fixed 34,443 40,314 45,428 50,956 55,825 60,040 62,934 63,951 67,061 aDSL 11,731 14,242 16,416 18,878 21,106 22,556 23,315 23,045 24,145 sDSL 150 122 103 105 105 82 81 74 71 Other Wireline 2 3 9 13 12 17 32 42 44 Cable Modem 22,324 25,533 28,159 30,771 32,916 35,035 36,600 37,668 39,026 FTTP 1 83 213 443 763 1,151 1,680 2,137 2,713 3,339 Satellite 2 25 15 23 35 48 63 73 76 Fixed Wireless 146 171 278 399 494 617 700 331 356 Power Line and Other 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Mobile Wireless 2 3 9 1,157 2,692 5,545 9,108 11,525 9,212 14,526 1 Fiber to the premises. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Reporting instructions for mobile wireless changed between the June 2008 and December 2008 data. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Note: Some December 2008 data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. C o nn e c t i o ns i n T h o u s a nd s 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 Jun 2005 Dec 2005 Jun 2006 Dec 2006 Jun 2007 Dec 2007 Jun 2008 Dec 2008 Jun 2009 Chart 7 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in Both Directions 2005-2009 Chart 8 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in Both Directions by Technology as of June 30, 2009 aDSL 29.6% FTTP 4.1% Cable Modem 47.8% Mobile Wireless 17.8% All Other 0.7% U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 9 5 Chart 9 Residential Fixed Connections 2005-2009 (Shares of Selected Technologies) aDSL Cable Modem All Other Fixed 58.5 39.5 55.9 3.2 40.9 54.5 4.7 40.8 56.0 5.6 38.4 60.9 37.3 57.0 2.5 40.5 55.0 3.8 41.2 54.6 5.5 39.9 55.8 6.4 37.9 P e r c e nt a ge of R e s i de n t i a l F i x e d C o nn e c t i on s 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Jun 2005 Dec 2005 Jun 2006 Dec 2006 Jun 2007 Dec 2007 Jun 2008 Dec 2008 Jun 2009 C onne c t i ons i n T hous a nds 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 Jun 2005 to Jun 2006 Jun 2006 to Jun 2007 Jun 2007 to Jun 2008 Jun 2008 to Jun 2009 Chart 10 Residential Fixed Connections 2005-2009 (Net Adds for Selected Technologies) aDSL Cable Modem All Other Fixed 5,709 4,810 1,988 78 4,810 4,949 3,564 2,915 572 1,085 1,373 844 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 10 6 Chart 11 Distribution of Connections by Downstream Speed Selected Technologies as of June 30, 2009 (In thousands) * Includes sDSL, Other Wireline, Satellite, Fixed Wireless, Power Line and Other. aDSL Cable Modem FTTP Mobile Wireless All Other* 4.1 77.7 16.5 2.5 55.8 8.1 33.5 4.1 33.7 11.3 50.4 3.6 34.0 60.0 95.4 4.3 21.5 76.7 11.8 21.3 66.8 P er cen t 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% (a) Greater than 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps (b) At least 768 kbps and less than 1.5 mbps (c) At least 1.5 mbps and less than 3 mbps (d) At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps (e) At least 6 mbps and less than 10 mbps (f) At least 10 mbps and less than 25 mbps (g) At least 25 mbps Connections 19,891 24,560 17,830 14,934 23,111 12,835 187 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 11 7 Table 5 Residential Connections by Technology and Speed as of June 30, 2009 (In thousands) Technology At Most 200 kbps Upstream or less than 768 kbps Downstream Over 200 kbps Upstream and at least 768 kbps Downstream Total aDSL 4,845 22,183 27,028 sDSL 39 32 71 Other Wireline 7 37 44 Cable Modem 926 38,890 39,816 FTTP 26 3,318 3,344 Satellite 595 73 668 Fixed Wireless 141 274 416 Mobile Wireless 12,858 9,671 22,529 Power Line and Other 2 3 5 Total 19,439 74,481 93,920 # = Rounds to Zero. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. Chart 12 Residential Connections (BTOP/BIP Definition) by Technology as of June 30, 2009 Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. See also p. 2 of the report text. Note: The BTOP/BIP definition is advertised speeds of at least 768 kbps downstream and 200 kbps upstream to end users. aDSL 29.8% FTTP 4.5% Cable Modem 52.2% Mobile Wireless 13.0% All Other 0.6% U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 12 8 Table 6 Total Connections by Speed Tier as of June 30, 2009 (In thousands) 200 kbps or less Upstream Over 200 kbps Upstream Technology Download over 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps Download at least 768 kbps Subtotal Download over 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps Download at least 768 kbps and less than 1.5 mbps Download at least 1.5 mbps and less than 3 mbps Download at least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps Download at least 6 mbps and less than 10 mbps Download at least 10 mbps and less than 25 mbps Download at least 25 mbps Subtotal Total aDSL 1,129 1,897 3,026 2,146 6,455 8,844 8,958 988 199 # 27,590 30,617 sDSL 0 0 0 97 74 36 8 * * # 217 217 Other Wireline 0 0 0 96 87 374 65 25 17 21 686 686 Cable Modem 162 647 809 148 1,418 1,950 5,072 22,037 * * 40,599 41,407 FTTP 5 # 5 26 43 89 537 42 2,761 40 3,538 3,543 Satellite 473 387 861 * * * * 0 0 0 130 990 Fixed Wireless 47 20 67 94 117 132 59 7 8 1 419 485 Mobile Wireless 8,747 3,933 12,679 6,716 13,596 2,172 224 * 0 * 22,719 35,399 Power Line and Other 0 0 0 * * * * 0 * * 5 5 Total 10,562 6,885 17,447 9,329 21,808 13,707 14,926 23,110 12,835 187 95,902 113,349 Percentages aDSL 3.7 6.2 9.9 7.0 21.1 28.9 29.3 3.2 0.6 0.0 90.1 100.0 sDSL 0.0 0.0 0.0 44.7 34.3 16.8 3.7 * * 0.1 100.0 100.0 Other Wireline 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.1 12.8 54.5 9.5 3.6 2.5 3.1 100.0 100.0 Cable Modem 0.4 1.6 2.0 0.4 3.4 4.7 12.2 53.2 * * 98.0 100.0 FTTP 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.7 1.2 2.5 15.2 1.2 77.9 1.1 99.8 100.0 Satellite 47.8 39.1 86.9 * * * * 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.1 100.0 Fixed Wireless 9.6 4.1 13.7 19.4 24.1 27.2 12.2 1.5 1.6 0.2 86.3 100.0 Mobile Wireless 24.7 11.1 35.8 19.0 38.4 6.1 0.6 * 0.0 * 64.2 100.0 Power Line and Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 * * * * 0.0 * * 100.0 100.0 Total 9.3 6.1 15.4 8.2 19.2 12.1 13.2 20.4 11.3 0.2 84.6 100.0 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 13 9 Table 7 Residential Connections by Speed Tier as of June 30, 2009 (In thousands) 200 kbps or less Upstream Over 200 kbps Upstream Technology Download over 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps Download at least 768 kbps Subtotal Download over 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps Download at least 768 kbps and less than 1.5 mbps Download at least 1.5 mbps and less than 3 mbps Download at least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps Download at least 6 mbps and less than 10 mbps Download at least 10 mbps and less than 25 mbps Download at least 25 mbps Subtotal Total aDSL 1,067 1,817 2,883 1,962 5,951 7,582 7,655 819 176 # 24,145 27,028 sDSL 0 0 0 39 27 3 2 * * # 71 71 Other Wireline 0 0 0 7 19 7 1 10 # 0 44 44 Cable Modem 146 644 790 136 1,352 1,807 4,710 21,524 * * 39,026 39,816 FTTP 4 # 5 21 34 63 517 36 2,653 15 3,339 3,344 Satellite 332 260 592 * * * * 0 0 0 76 668 Fixed Wireless 41 18 60 82 100 114 49 5 6 # 356 416 Mobile Wireless 5,798 2,205 8,003 4,854 8,103 1,361 197 * 0 * 14,526 22,529 Power Line and Other 0 0 0 * * * * 0 * * 5 5 Total 7,389 4,944 12,333 7,106 15,602 10,995 13,131 22,404 12,258 91 81,587 93,920 Percentages aDSL 3.9 6.7 10.7 7.3 22.0 28.1 28.3 3.0 0.7 0.0 89.3 100.0 sDSL 0.0 0.0 0.0 55.2 38.5 3.6 2.2 * * 0.0 100.0 100.0 Other Wireline 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.2 43.0 16.8 2.8 21.8 0.4 0.0 100.0 100.0 Cable Modem 0.4 1.6 2.0 0.3 3.4 4.5 11.8 54.1 * * 98.0 100.0 FTTP 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.6 1.0 1.9 15.5 1.1 79.3 0.5 99.9 100.0 Satellite 49.7 38.9 88.7 * * * * 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.3 100.0 Fixed Wireless 9.9 4.4 14.3 19.7 24.1 27.4 11.7 1.1 1.6 0.1 85.7 100.0 Mobile Wireless 25.7 9.8 35.5 21.5 36.0 6.0 0.9 * 0.0 * 64.5 100.0 Power Line and Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 * * * * 0.0 * * 100.0 100.0 Total 7.9 5.3 13.1 7.6 16.6 11.7 14.0 23.9 13.1 0.1 86.9 100.0 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 14 10 Chart 13 Distribution of Residential Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed Tier as of June 30, 2009 Source: FCC Form 477, Part VI. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. 5.4% 14.1% 13.7% 18.1% 31.4% 17.2% 0.1% P e r c e n t a g e of Re s i de nt i a l Fi x e d Conne c t i o n s 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% (a) Greater than 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps (b) At least 768 kbps and less than 1.5 mbps (c) At least 1.5 mbps and less than 3 mbps (d) At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps (e) At least 6 mbps and less than 10 mbps (f) At least 10 mbps and less than 25 mbps (g) At least 25 mbps U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 15 11 Chart 14 Distribution of Residential Connections by Downstream Speed Tier as of June 30, 2009 Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. 15.4% 19.4% 14.1% 14.0% 23.9% 13.1% 0.1% P e r c e nt a ge of R e s i de nt i a l Fi x e d a nd M obi l e Conn e c t i ons 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% (a) Greater than 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps (b) At least 768 kbps and less than 1.5 mbps (c) At least 1.5 mbps and less than 3 mbps (d) At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps (e) At least 6 mbps and less than 10 mbps (f) At least 10 mbps and less than 25 mbps (g) At least 25 mbps U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 16 12 Table 8 Total Connections and Percentage Residential by Speed Tier as of June 30, 2009 (In thousands) Download Speed Upload Speed Customer Class Greater than 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps At least 768 kbps and less than 1.5 mbps At least 1.5 mbps and less than 3 mbps At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps At least 6 mbps and less than 10 mbps At least 10 mbps and less than 25 mbps At least 25 mbps and less than 100 mbps At least 100 mbps Total Less than or equal to 200 kbps Total Connections 10,562 2,752 4,123 * 1 * * 0 17,447 % Residential 70 96 55 18 96 80 0 0 71 Greater than 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps Total Connections 9,325 9,003 8,573 9,021 7,286 1,200 * * 44,408 % Residential 76 93 86 89 99 97 0 100 88 At least 768 and less then 1.5 mbps Total Connections 3 12,805 4,601 4,926 * 3,316 1 * 40,268 % Residential 93 56 77 87 96 98 0 0 80 At least 1.5 mbps and less than 3 mbps Total Connections 1 # 533 793 * 6,280 4 * 8,773 % Residential 73 91 10 91 97 94 88 0 89 At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps Total Connections * * # 185 11 1,853 122 * 2,172 % Residential 76 19 81 54 17 96 60 0 90 At least 6 mbps and less than 10 mbps Total Connections 0 * 0 * 37 8 * 0 45 % Residential 0 58 0 0 48 96 0 0 57 At least 10 mbps and less than 25 mbps Total Connections * 0 0 0 * 178 9 * 187 % Residential 0 0 0 0 0 73 75 0 73 At least 25 mbps and less than 100 mbps Total Connections 0 0 0 0 0 * 22 * 22 % Residential 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 12 At least 100 mbps Total Connections 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 28 % Residential 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 16 Total Total Connections 19,891 24,560 17,830 14,934 23,111 12,835 158 29 113,349 % Residential 73 74 74 88 97 96 54 15 83 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 17 13 Table 9 Fixed Connections and Percentage Residential by Speed Tier as of June 30, 2009 (In thousands) Download Speed Upload Speed Customer Class Greater than 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps At least 768 kbps and less than 1.5 mbps At least 1.5 mbps and less than 3 mbps At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps At least 6 mbps and less than 10 mbps At least 10 mbps and less than 25 mbps At least 25 mbps and less than 100 mbps At least 100 mbps Total Less than or equal to 200 kbps Total Connections 1,816 2,654 * 8 1 * * 0 4,768 % Residential 88 96 62 18 96 80 0 0 91 Greater than 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps Total Connections 2,609 7,209 8,173 9,016 * 1,200 * * 35,481 % Residential 86 92 86 89 99 97 0 100 91 At least 768 and less then 1.5 mbps Total Connections 3 1,003 2,831 * 14,614 3,316 1 * 26,694 % Residential 93 84 92 87 96 98 0 0 94 At least 1.5 mbps and less than 3 mbps Total Connections 1 # * 575 1,162 6,280 4 * 8,554 % Residential 73 91 10 92 97 94 88 0 89 At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps Total Connections * # # 185 11 1,853 122 * 2,172 % Residential 76 19 81 54 17 96 60 0 90 At least 6 mbps and less than 10 mbps Total Connections 0 * 0 * 37 8 * 0 45 % Residential 0 58 0 0 48 96 0 0 57 At least 10 mbps and less than 25 mbps Total Connections * 0 0 0 * 178 9 * 187 % Residential 0 0 0 0 0 73 75 0 73 At least 25 mbps and less than 100 mbps Total Connections 0 0 0 0 0 * 22 * 22 % Residential 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 12 At least 100 mbps Total Connections 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 28 % Residential 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 16 Total Total Connections 4,428 * 11,824 14,709 * 12,835 158 29 77,950 % Residential 87 93 83 88 97 96 54 15 92 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 18 14 Table 10 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 Kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology as of June 30, 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun aDSL 758 818 833 858 864 856 863 882 873 sDSL 270 269 256 257 242 233 238 264 256 Other Wireline 206 241 246 256 246 250 259 291 283 Cable Modem 227 242 254 279 282 292 296 341 350 FTTP 138 170 187 222 251 276 308 432 460 Satellite 10 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 Fixed Wireless 423 463 452 505 484 514 505 618 615 Mobile Wireless 13 15 19 24 19 22 24 47 48 Power Line and Other 18 7 6 6 6 7 6 5 6 Total 1,270 1,345 1,327 1,396 1,374 1,399 1,395 1,559 1,543 Note: Some December 2008 data have been revised. Multiple Form 477 filers within a holding company structure count as one provider. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. Chart 15 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction Selected Technologies 2005-2009 aDSL Cable Modem FTTP Mobile Wireless Num b e r of P r ov i de r s 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Jun 2005 Dec 2005 Jun 2006 Dec 2006 Jun 2007 Dec 2007 Jun 2008 Dec 2008 Jun 2009 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 19 15 Chart 16 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households as of June 30, 2009 Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2009 Block-Level Estimates; and Census 2000. Note: Ratios over 1 were set to 1. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 Max 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% P e r c e n ta ge of Co un t i e s Number of Counties 3,232 Median 0.46 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households 8 23 49 73 135 203 287 381 364 383 359 312 234 157 100 82 34 21 9 18 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 20 16 Table 11 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by Technology as of June 30, 2009 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households Technology Zero Greater than 0 and no more than 5% Greater than 5 and no more than 10% Greater than 10 and no more than 20% Greater than 20 and no more than 30% Greater than 30 and no more than 40% Greater than 40 and no more than 50% Greater than 50 and no more than 60% Greater than 60 and no more than 80% Greater than 80 and no more than 100% 100% or more aDSL 0.6 1.8 6.2 31.7 32.9 18.9 5.9 1.4 0.6 0.1 0.0 sDSL 83.6 15.0 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Other Wireline 95.2 4.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cable Modem 15.5 11.9 11.6 19.8 18.0 11.8 7.1 3.2 0.9 0.1 0.1 FTTP 73.7 19.9 2.5 2.0 1.1 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Satellite 1.0 94.1 4.4 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fixed Wireless 51.5 39.8 5.4 2.4 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Power Line 99.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 All Other 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total 0.1 0.1 0.7 3.8 10.4 20.7 23.1 20.7 17.7 2.1 0.4 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2009 Block-Level Estimates; and Census 2000. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 21 17 Chart 17 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households as of June 30, 2009 Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2009 Block-Level Estimates; and Census 2000. Note: Ratios over 2 were set to 2. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. 0 0.100.200.300.400.500.600.700.800.901.001.101.201.301.401.501.601.701.801.90Max 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 P e rc e nt a ge of T ra c t s Number of Tracts 66,287 Median 0.56 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 22 18 Table 12 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by Technology as of June 30, 2009 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households Technology Zero Greater than 0 and no more than 5% Greater than 5 and no more than 10% Greater than 10 and no more than 20% Greater than 20 and no more than 30% Greater than 30 and no more than 40% Greater than 40 and no more than 50% Greater than 50 and no more than 60% Greater than 60 and no more than 80% Greater than 80 and no more than 100% 100% or more aDSL 4.4 10.2 10.3 26.3 20.9 13.4 7.0 3.4 2.4 0.8 0.9 sDSL 94.6 5.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Other Wireline 99.3 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cable Modem 7.8 4.4 5.1 14.6 16.7 15.9 13.7 9.5 8.4 2.3 1.6 FTTP 85.2 5.4 1.6 2.4 1.9 1.3 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.1 Satellite 45.7 50.9 2.7 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fixed Wireless 0.0 86.8 10.7 1.3 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Power Line 99.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 All Other 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total 1.0 0.7 1.0 4.6 8.7 12.0 13.8 13.5 21.5 13.1 10.1 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2009 Block-Level Estimates; and Census 2000. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 23 Symbology Connections per 1000 Households Zero Zero < x <= 200 200 < x <= 400 400 < x <= 600 600 < x <= 800 800 < x Residential Fixed Connections per 1,000 Households by Census Tract Puerto Rico i Hawaii ii Alaska FCC Form 477 Data as of June 30, 2009 This map shows the number of residential connections per 1,000 households by census tract. Connections have information transfer rates greater than 200 kbps in at least one direction and include all technologies except terrestrial mobile wireless. The census tract boundaries are from ESRI. Household counts for tracts in the U.S. are 2009 estimates from Geolytics. Household counts for the territories are from Census 2000. For more information about census tracts please see Census 2000 Summary File 3 Technical Documentation, page A-11. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status asa of June 30, 2009 24 Symbology Connections per 1000 Households Zero Zero < x <= 200 200 < x <= 400 400 < x <= 600 600 < x <= 800 800 < x Residential Fixed Connections per 1,000 Households by Census Tract (BTOP/BIP Definition) Puerto Rico i Hawaii ii Alaska FCC Form 477 Data as of June 30, 2009 This map shows the number of residential connections per 1,000 households by census tract. Connections have information transfer rates greater than 200 kbps upstream and at least 768 kbps downstream. All technologies except terrestrial mobile wireless are included. The census tract boundaries are from ESRI. Household counts for tracts in the U.S. are 2009 estimates from Geolytics. Household counts for the territories are from Census 2000. For more information about census tracts please see Census 2000 Summary File 3 Technical Documentation, page A-11. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status asa of June 30, 2009 25 Symbology Provider Count (exc. Mobile Wireless) Zero 1 to 3 4 to 6 7 or more Providers of Fixed Connections by Census Tract Puerto Rico i Hawaii ii Alaska FCC Form 477 Data as of June 30, 2009 This map shows the number of providers of fixed connections by census tract. Connections have information transfer rates greater than 200 kbps in at least one direction and include all technologies except terrestrial mobile wireless. The census tract boundaries are from ESRI. For more information about census tracts please see Census 2000 Summary File 3 Technical Documentation, page A-11. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status asa of June 30, 2009 26 Symbology Provider Count (exc. Mobile Wireless) Zero 1 to 3 4 to 6 7 or more Providers of Residential Fixed Connections by Census Tract Puerto Rico i Hawaii ii Alaska FCC Form 477 Data as of June 30, 2009 This map shows the number of providers of fixed connections by census tract. A provider is counted only if it reported residential connections in the tract. Connections have information transfer rates greater than 200 kbps in at least one direction and include all technologies except terrestrial mobile wireless. The census tract boundaries are from ESRI. For more information about census tracts please see Census 2000 Summary File 3 Technical Documentation, page A-11. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status asa of June 30, 2009 27 Symbology Provider Count (exc. Mobile Wireless) Zero 1 to 3 4 to 6 7 or more Providers of Residential Fixed Connections (NBP Approximation) by Census Tract Puerto Rico i Hawaii ii Alaska FCC Form 477 Data as of June 30, 2009 This map shows the number of providers of fixed connections by census tract. A provider is counted only if it reported residential connections in the tract. Connections have information transfer rates of at least 3 mbps downstream and at least 768 kbps upstream and include all technologies except terrestrial mobile wireless. The census tract boundaries are from ESRI. For more information about census tracts please see Census 2000 Summary File 3 Technical Documentation, page A-11. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status asa of June 30, 2009 28 Symbology Providers (Mobile Wireless) Zero 1 to 3 4 to 6 7 or more Providers of Mobile Connections by Census Tract Puerto Rico i Hawaii ii Alaska FCC Form 477 Data as of June 30, 2009 This map shows the number of potential providers of mobile connections with information transfer rates greater than 200 kbps in at least one direction by census tract. Providers are counted if they indicate that service is available in a tract over a network the provider operates. The census tract boundaries are from ESRI. For more information about census tracts please see Census 2000 Summary File 3 Technical Documentation, page A-11. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status asa of June 30, 2009 29 19 Table 13 Percentage of Census Tracts with Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Number of Providers Technology Zero One Two Three Four Five Six Seven or More aDSL 4.4 42.4 38.3 12.3 2.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 sDSL 94.6 5.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Other Wireline 99.3 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cable Modem 7.8 79.5 12.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 FTTP 85.2 14.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Satellite 45.7 24.4 24.8 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fixed Wireless 86.8 10.6 2.1 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Power Line 99.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 aDSL and/or Cable Modem and/or FTTP 1.4 6.5 36.0 35.8 15.7 3.8 0.6 0.1 Any Technology 1.0 2.5 15.9 26.3 26.1 16.4 7.5 4.4 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI and Census 2000. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 30 20 Table 14 Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) State ADSL SDSL Other Wireline Cable Modem Fiber Satellite Fixed Wireless Mobile Wireless Power Line and Other Total Alabama 473 4 10 482 4 * 2 400 * 1,398 Alaska 77 4 # * # * 5 89 0 277 American Samoa * * 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 * Arizona 487 1 14 1,043 3 * 20 734 * 2,314 Arkansas 298 # * 254 2 * 1 271 0 849 California 4,587 19 * 4,157 407 * 22 4,817 0 14,191 Colorado 641 2 * 703 4 * 33 624 0 2,045 Connecticut * 3 5 627 2 * * 457 0 1,539 Delaware * # 3 * * * 0 112 0 368 District of Columbia * 1 5 * 1 * * 224 0 421 Florida 1,962 4 * 2,896 274 * 5 2,127 0 7,368 Georgia 1,251 2 * 1,035 19 * # 1,119 0 3,484 Guam * * * * 0 0 0 * 0 30 Hawaii * * 1 * 1 * * 206 0 565 Idaho 169 # * 130 2 * 20 174 0 505 Illinois 1,538 8 * 1,597 7 * 38 1,488 0 4,744 Indiana 699 4 8 649 60 * 24 553 * 2,021 Iowa 352 3 * 344 12 * 22 234 0 987 Kansas 250 1 * 419 18 * 19 306 0 1,031 Kentucky 431 10 * 483 4 * 4 268 0 1,221 Louisiana 390 1 * 546 21 * 3 562 0 1,551 Maine 123 5 1 224 2 * * 66 0 429 Maryland 440 3 16 782 * * 1 858 0 2,474 Massachusetts * 5 16 1,253 * * 1 803 0 2,799 Michigan 834 8 17 1,460 4 * 19 851 * 3,240 Minnesota 573 20 * 687 17 * 13 510 0 1,850 Mississippi 239 1 * 230 1 * # 237 0 737 Missouri 767 1 13 562 5 * 13 560 * 1,961 Montana 111 4 2 102 1 * 13 * 0 359 Nebraska 158 1 * 286 2 * 17 196 0 667 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 31 21 Table 14 - Continued Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) State ADSL SDSL Other Wireline Cable Modem Fiber Satellite Fixed Wireless Mobile Wireless Power Line and Other Total Nevada 225 1 6 * 1 * 3 367 0 1,034 New Hampshire 91 2 3 294 * * # 121 0 531 New Jersey 624 3 26 1,631 * * * 1,266 0 3,914 New Mexico 242 # * 159 2 * 16 203 0 633 New York 1,100 17 36 3,851 * * 3 2,362 0 7,835 North Carolina 918 1 * 1,392 6 * 1 985 0 3,356 North Dakota 64 1 1 88 13 * 5 * 0 234 Northern Mariana Isl * 0 * * 0 0 0 * 0 * Ohio 1,109 8 14 1,776 13 * 20 1,135 * 4,107 Oklahoma 349 1 * 429 5 * 8 362 0 1,182 Oregon 367 8 * 531 68 * 8 413 0 1,419 Pennsylvania 1,233 9 23 1,807 * * 1 1,261 0 4,682 Puerto Rico * * 3 * * * * 190 0 542 Rhode Island * 1 2 * * * * 110 0 418 South Carolina 412 # * 583 15 * 1 437 0 1,472 South Dakota 58 2 # 122 9 * 8 * 0 270 Tennessee 549 7 * 755 24 * 2 646 0 2,026 Texas 2,706 8 * 2,019 284 * 34 3,453 0 8,658 Utah 280 4 * 244 13 * 31 269 0 852 Vermont 79 * 2 79 4 * * * 0 201 Virgin Islands * * * 0 0 * * * 0 33 Virginia 547 2 27 1,112 * * 8 1,151 * 3,216 Washington 596 5 13 1,110 47 * 11 904 * 2,712 West Virginia 160 * 3 215 # * 1 126 0 518 Wisconsin 586 17 8 779 6 * 15 436 * 1,874 Wyoming 58 2 * 70 1 * 4 59 0 199 Total 30,617 217 686 41,407 3,543 990 485 35,399 5 113,349 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 32 22 Table 15 Percentage of Connections by Downstream Speed by State as of June 30, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Over 200 kbps Upstream and State % over 200 kbps Downstream % at least 768 kbps Downstream % at least 3 mbps Downstream % at least 6 mbps Downstream % at least 10 mbps Downstream Alabama 83.0 74.3 42.0 17.5 4.3 Alaska 81.0 67.1 25.9 12.5 3.3 American Samoa * * * * * Arizona 84.5 73.6 41.3 37.0 11.4 Arkansas 82.0 73.0 29.5 20.1 3.2 California 87.5 78.4 37.3 25.6 5.8 Colorado 87.4 77.8 43.7 39.2 2.0 Connecticut 88.4 80.4 44.8 35.6 19.1 Delaware 84.5 76.6 62.1 51.8 17.7 District of Columbia 66.2 58.1 36.6 21.9 6.1 Florida 86.3 81.5 49.1 38.2 8.8 Georgia 82.4 75.6 41.9 23.1 2.7 Guam * * * * * Hawaii 92.7 86.9 57.5 4.0 1.1 Idaho 81.9 71.2 34.3 8.0 1.1 Illinois 88.4 78.7 40.7 29.2 7.7 Indiana 85.1 75.7 43.0 30.9 13.3 Iowa 87.1 75.6 47.5 31.3 6.9 Kansas 81.7 73.8 38.7 29.1 3.8 Kentucky 87.4 80.7 49.8 31.9 27.3 Louisiana 85.7 80.9 35.8 24.1 11.4 Maine 84.0 78.9 60.2 44.8 5.0 Maryland 80.9 73.6 55.4 40.7 16.1 Massachusetts 83.6 77.9 61.3 45.5 14.4 Michigan 84.7 76.4 45.9 30.3 4.4 Minnesota 85.8 76.5 43.5 30.6 4.3 Mississippi 86.5 71.8 36.7 17.8 0.8 Missouri 85.3 76.0 34.0 15.4 4.9 Montana 72.7 55.0 31.3 27.4 1.1 Nebraska 76.0 68.1 42.7 29.8 3.2 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 33 23 Table 15 - Continued Percentage of Connections by Downstream Speed by State as of June 30, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Over 200 kbps Upstream and State % over 200 kbps Downstream % at least 768 kbps Downstream % at least 3 mbps Downstream % at least 6 mbps Downstream % at least 10 mbps Downstream Nevada 89.0 81.2 40.0 27.0 6.3 New Hampshire 82.6 75.6 64.7 52.0 6.7 New Jersey 82.1 75.4 59.6 50.7 34.7 New Mexico 80.4 67.0 33.7 26.4 1.5 New York 83.6 78.1 59.3 47.4 46.7 North Carolina 78.2 71.4 47.0 31.4 4.3 North Dakota 82.3 70.5 51.5 29.9 27.8 Northern Mariana Isl * * * * * Ohio 79.3 70.1 42.8 31.2 5.2 Oklahoma 89.7 84.3 37.4 25.3 3.1 Oregon 89.1 81.1 49.0 38.7 6.7 Pennsylvania 82.4 74.9 53.8 36.4 11.7 Puerto Rico 94.7 73.3 12.9 0.6 0.0 Rhode Island 87.0 81.2 61.4 51.8 51.2 South Carolina 76.4 68.5 45.4 22.7 4.2 South Dakota 78.0 67.2 53.1 34.0 31.3 Tennessee 81.3 71.4 43.8 26.7 2.7 Texas 86.4 77.0 33.8 20.9 5.6 Utah 88.4 77.9 38.4 32.3 3.5 Vermont 76.8 71.0 60.5 39.0 4.1 Virgin Islands 79.1 46.1 * * * Virginia 81.7 70.7 50.2 37.9 22.5 Washington 87.7 80.0 47.7 41.3 7.4 West Virginia 85.6 76.7 45.8 29.4 2.0 Wisconsin 87.1 78.3 46.2 24.0 6.4 Wyoming 81.3 63.9 40.6 34.4 1.2 Total 84.6 76.4 45.0 31.9 11.5 * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 34 24 Table 16 ADSL Connections by State 2005-2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 State Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Alabama 177 221 269 315 357 403 431 457 473 Alaska 39 43 54 60 64 68 72 75 77 American Samoa * * * * * * * * * Arizona 153 208 276 365 406 437 454 466 487 Arkansas 127 150 181 200 227 249 267 273 298 California 3,079 3,592 4,002 4,343 4,626 4,780 4,755 4,617 4,587 Colorado 268 333 405 473 530 573 575 624 641 Connecticut * * * * * * * * * Delaware * * * * * * * * * District of Columbia * * * * * * * * * Florida 1,285 1,509 1,723 1,873 1,960 2,046 2,045 2,005 1,962 Georgia 758 890 1,009 1,126 1,219 1,307 1,361 1,240 1,251 Guam * * * * * * * * * Hawaii * * * * * * * * * Idaho 63 82 98 113 129 142 154 160 169 Illinois 848 980 1,094 1,212 1,300 1,382 1,419 1,503 1,538 Indiana 305 379 443 515 584 636 651 672 699 Iowa 119 151 189 233 271 298 322 336 352 Kansas 136 160 179 203 225 236 241 243 250 Kentucky 180 213 251 303 340 367 385 421 431 Louisiana 191 207 236 271 306 333 354 385 390 Maine 52 73 90 105 115 118 120 114 123 Maryland 306 379 450 490 512 514 495 471 440 Massachusetts * * * * * * * * * Michigan 375 463 534 607 690 733 749 780 834 Minnesota 228 276 331 395 449 496 529 544 573 Mississippi 88 106 129 154 180 202 220 229 239 Missouri 342 399 468 546 618 683 712 727 767 Montana 47 57 70 83 96 102 108 108 111 Nebraska 66 81 95 112 124 135 143 151 158 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 35 25 Table 16 - Continued ADSL Connections by State 2005-2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 State Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Nevada 116 140 168 190 207 220 225 222 225 New Hampshire 54 72 85 94 98 100 97 91 91 New Jersey 444 540 638 704 735 735 700 666 624 New Mexico 82 105 131 157 180 200 217 231 242 New York 737 861 1,003 1,104 1,182 1,184 1,169 1,122 1,100 North Carolina 413 489 561 648 725 820 870 891 918 North Dakota 27 32 39 46 51 56 60 65 64 Northern Mariana Isl 0 * * * * * * * * Ohio 556 663 753 859 951 1,024 1,034 1,069 1,109 Oklahoma 189 222 247 277 302 324 334 339 349 Oregon 198 245 280 312 339 356 361 371 367 Pennsylvania 541 692 871 1,013 1,126 1,191 1,209 1,231 1,233 Puerto Rico * * * * * * * * * Rhode Island * * * * * * * * * South Carolina 155 206 243 285 323 359 386 400 412 South Dakota 21 26 33 40 46 48 53 56 58 Tennessee 237 294 348 397 447 499 535 541 549 Texas 1,301 1,514 1,733 1,997 2,294 2,464 2,475 2,608 2,706 Utah 130 160 189 222 250 270 284 299 280 Vermont 35 44 51 61 68 72 73 61 79 Virgin Islands * * * * * * * * * Virginia 309 384 446 505 548 568 561 553 547 Washington 364 427 491 534 569 592 600 599 596 West Virginia 53 69 87 105 124 138 147 152 160 Wisconsin 243 298 360 418 484 528 556 556 586 Wyoming 24 33 39 44 50 53 55 57 58 Total 16,316 19,515 22,584 25,413 27,793 29,449 29,964 30,198 30,617 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Some December 2008 data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 36 26 Table 17 Cable Modem Connections by State 2005-2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 State Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Alabama 257 285 311 342 374 399 417 460 482 Alaska * * * * * * * * * American Samoa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Arizona 584 679 761 838 850 897 992 1,044 1,043 Arkansas 118 137 149 184 205 214 236 248 254 California 2,467 2,735 2,957 3,156 3,411 3,603 3,799 3,990 4,157 Colorado 383 433 476 523 561 604 626 659 703 Connecticut 372 404 441 454 513 550 576 615 627 Delaware * * * * * * * * * District of Columbia * * * * * * * * * Florida 1,560 1,758 1,939 2,178 2,344 2,543 2,631 2,825 2,896 Georgia 523 584 650 743 802 862 904 974 1,035 Guam 0 0 0 0 0 * * * * Hawaii * * * * * * * * * Idaho 78 74 75 109 116 123 127 121 130 Illinois 842 956 1,042 1,332 1,466 1,570 1,625 1,591 1,597 Indiana 397 445 490 370 410 439 456 626 649 Iowa 187 220 225 234 268 287 309 330 344 Kansas 259 273 317 321 351 369 380 415 419 Kentucky 217 269 306 333 384 435 482 452 483 Louisiana 329 255 379 420 446 485 481 518 546 Maine 116 132 146 152 169 179 197 202 224 Maryland 547 592 637 781 829 865 871 801 782 Massachusetts 826 886 955 1,044 1,088 1,136 1,159 1,291 1,253 Michigan 892 954 1,019 1,103 1,197 1,265 1,307 1,394 1,460 Minnesota 441 494 517 541 571 608 622 666 687 Mississippi 96 104 114 136 152 166 188 216 230 Missouri 323 353 401 444 473 498 517 560 562 Montana 36 45 54 65 74 83 90 92 102 Nebraska 177 201 218 239 238 252 262 278 286 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 37 27 Table 17 - Continued Cable Modem Connections by State 2005-2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 State Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Nevada * * * * * * * * * New Hampshire 176 188 202 210 230 240 250 285 294 New Jersey 1,108 1,205 1,312 1,386 1,474 1,538 1,586 1,637 1,631 New Mexico 78 89 100 109 117 127 137 146 159 New York 2,216 2,445 2,765 2,967 3,164 3,342 3,548 3,749 3,851 North Carolina 762 862 964 1,041 1,134 1,196 1,266 1,344 1,392 North Dakota 51 55 58 71 76 80 83 85 88 Northern Mariana Isl 0 0 0 0 0 * * * * Ohio 961 1,065 1,185 1,303 1,406 1,498 1,627 1,705 1,776 Oklahoma 234 262 284 313 348 373 382 408 429 Oregon 336 375 407 453 490 531 554 517 531 Pennsylvania 962 1,075 1,164 1,256 1,271 1,399 1,492 1,800 1,807 Puerto Rico * * * * * * * * * Rhode Island * * * * * * * * * South Carolina 290 326 368 418 459 496 517 555 583 South Dakota 84 89 93 100 101 111 115 122 122 Tennessee 422 460 506 602 663 703 715 718 755 Texas 1,468 1,618 1,692 1,944 2,082 2,183 2,214 1,971 2,019 Utah * * * * * * 212 * 244 Vermont * * * * * * * 71 79 Virgin Islands 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Virginia 749 817 893 877 906 921 941 1,096 1,112 Washington 585 660 726 806 862 909 944 998 1,110 West Virginia 118 128 145 145 156 159 167 205 215 Wisconsin 447 497 543 592 637 676 711 759 779 Wyoming * * * * * * * 64 70 Total 24,017 26,558 29,173 31,982 34,404 36,507 38,190 40,207 41,407 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Some December 2008 data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 38 28 Table 18 Connections by Type of End User by State as of June 30, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) Connections Percentages State Residential Business Residential Business Total Alabama 1,172 226 83.8 16.2 1,398 Alaska 226 51 81.5 18.5 277 American Samoa * * * * * Arizona 1,948 366 84.2 15.8 2,314 Arkansas 691 158 81.3 18.7 849 California 11,626 2,566 81.9 18.1 14,191 Colorado 1,687 358 82.5 17.5 2,045 Connecticut 1,275 263 82.9 17.1 1,539 Delaware 311 58 84.3 15.7 368 District of Columbia 255 166 60.6 39.4 421 Florida 6,147 1,221 83.4 16.6 7,368 Georgia 2,874 610 82.5 17.5 3,484 Guam 19 11 64.2 35.8 30 Hawaii 466 99 82.4 17.6 565 Idaho 426 80 84.3 15.7 505 Illinois 3,917 827 82.6 17.4 4,744 Indiana 1,685 336 83.4 16.6 2,021 Iowa 847 140 85.8 14.2 987 Kansas 864 167 83.8 16.2 1,031 Kentucky 1,029 191 84.3 15.7 1,221 Louisiana 1,256 295 81.0 19.0 1,551 Maine 370 59 86.3 13.7 429 Maryland 2,044 430 82.6 17.4 2,474 Massachusetts 2,359 440 84.3 15.7 2,799 Michigan 2,710 530 83.6 16.4 3,240 Minnesota 1,545 305 83.5 16.5 1,850 Mississippi 622 115 84.4 15.6 737 Missouri 1,603 358 81.7 18.3 1,961 Montana 305 54 84.9 15.1 359 Nebraska 560 106 84.1 15.9 667 Nevada 859 175 83.1 16.9 1,034 New Hampshire 455 76 85.7 14.3 531 New Jersey 3,275 639 83.7 16.3 3,914 New Mexico 539 94 85.2 14.8 633 New York 6,644 1,191 84.8 15.2 7,835 North Carolina 2,827 529 84.2 15.8 3,356 North Dakota 198 35 84.9 15.1 234 Northern Mariana Isl * * * * * Ohio 3,452 655 84.0 16.0 4,107 Oklahoma 961 221 81.3 18.7 1,182 Oregon 1,188 231 83.7 16.3 1,419 Pennsylvania 3,935 748 84.0 16.0 4,682 Puerto Rico 461 81 85.1 14.9 542 Rhode Island 346 71 83.0 17.0 418 South Carolina 1,250 222 84.9 15.1 1,472 South Dakota 231 39 85.5 14.5 270 Tennessee 1,667 359 82.3 17.7 2,026 Texas 6,869 1,789 79.3 20.7 8,658 Utah 682 169 80.1 19.9 852 Vermont 173 28 86.0 14.0 201 Virgin Islands 27 6 80.5 19.5 33 Virginia 2,624 592 81.6 18.4 3,216 Washington 2,202 510 81.2 18.8 2,712 West Virginia 442 77 85.2 14.8 518 Wisconsin 1,603 272 85.5 14.5 1,874 Wyoming 169 30 84.9 15.1 199 Total 93,920 19,429 82.9 17.1 113,349 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I and VI. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 39 29 Table 19 Percentage of Residential End-User Premises with Access to Services over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by State State xDSL Availability Where ILECs Offer Local Telephone Service Cable Modem Availability Where Cable Systems Offer Cable TV Service Alabama 79 93 Alaska 78 * American Samoa * 0 Arizona 86 98 Arkansas 79 72 California 90 99 Colorado 87 97 Connecticut * 100 Delaware * * District of Columbia * * Florida 90 98 Georgia 94 92 Guam * * Hawaii * * Idaho 82 98 Illinois 87 97 Indiana 82 93 Iowa 87 93 Kansas 86 96 Kentucky 87 93 Louisiana 84 94 Maine 73 95 Maryland 75 97 Massachusetts * 100 Michigan 75 94 Minnesota 89 97 Mississippi 77 91 Missouri 82 95 Montana 80 82 Nebraska 88 96 Nevada 91 * New Hampshire 66 98 New Jersey 86 100 New Mexico 88 81 New York 79 99 North Carolina 89 95 North Dakota 88 93 Northern Mariana Isl * * Ohio 86 98 Oklahoma 81 92 Oregon 84 97 Pennsylvania 87 98 Puerto Rico * * Rhode Island * * South Carolina 85 95 South Dakota 82 88 Tennessee 84 98 Texas 82 96 Utah 91 90 Vermont 81 71 Virgin Islands * 0 Virginia 67 98 Washington 83 97 West Virginia 67 90 Wisconsin 83 97 Wyoming 80 85 Total 85 96 * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: This table summarizes responses to Form 477 questions about service availability, as opposed to subscribership. xDSL includes both asymmetric and symmetric DSL. Each state-specific estimate is a weighted average of the availability percentages that ILECs or cable system operators report for the areas they serve. Reported xDSL availability is weighted by ILEC end-user switched access lines and VoIP lines. Reported cable modem availability is weighted by cable TV subscribers. The weighted averages include ILECs or cable system operators that report no availability. Figures are presented to the nearest percent. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and II; Warren Communications News, Inc., Television & Cable Factbook: Online (Cable General Information, February 2010). U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 40 30 Table 20 Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) State ADSL SDSL Other Wireline Cable Modem Fiber Satellite Fixed Wireless Mobile Wireless Power Line and Other Total Alabama 28 11 24 21 18 * 13 5 * 80 Alaska 12 5 5 4 6 * 7 6 0 21 American Samoa * * 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 * Arizona 23 8 28 11 21 * 18 6 * 72 Arkansas 21 7 15 15 8 * 8 5 0 57 California 31 18 41 19 23 * 26 7 0 104 Colorado 36 13 35 15 22 * 27 10 0 89 Connecticut 10 8 24 6 12 * * 4 0 40 Delaware 8 7 21 * 7 * 0 5 0 33 District of Columbia 11 9 28 * 11 * * 4 0 41 Florida 27 16 55 19 33 * 16 5 0 100 Georgia 39 15 37 33 37 * 10 7 0 109 Guam * * * * 0 0 0 * 0 5 Hawaii * * 6 * 7 * * 6 0 17 Idaho 26 7 18 9 17 * 14 7 0 59 Illinois 57 24 45 20 19 * 52 8 0 140 Indiana 37 14 31 14 29 * 36 6 * 100 Iowa 127 39 26 40 51 * 61 9 0 197 Kansas 39 14 22 28 29 * 28 10 0 92 Kentucky 26 10 23 23 16 * 16 8 0 86 Louisiana 20 9 21 15 14 * 7 4 0 58 Maine 12 11 14 6 9 * * 4 0 33 Maryland 14 11 29 11 10 * 8 6 0 58 Massachusetts 14 12 30 8 12 * 6 4 0 51 Michigan 43 21 41 14 19 * 25 9 * 100 Minnesota 61 22 25 18 40 * 25 5 0 104 Mississippi 20 7 20 15 7 * 4 6 0 55 Missouri 40 16 26 21 19 * 34 7 * 103 Montana 24 10 16 4 9 * 14 * 0 45 Nebraska 35 8 16 19 17 * 24 6 0 72 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 41 31 Table 20 - Continued Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) State ADSL SDSL Other Wireline Cable Modem Fiber Satellite Fixed Wireless Mobile Wireless Power Line and Other Total Nevada 19 10 22 5 13 * 8 6 0 51 New Hampshire 14 9 18 5 11 * 4 4 0 40 New Jersey 17 15 44 6 13 * * 5 0 59 New Mexico 22 7 15 8 11 * 14 8 0 49 New York 44 20 48 20 24 * 14 6 0 101 North Carolina 30 13 33 19 21 * 10 8 0 81 North Dakota 26 11 12 7 13 * 12 * 0 42 Northern Mariana Isl * 0 * * 0 0 0 * 0 * Ohio 41 21 36 24 28 * 19 7 * 102 Oklahoma 42 9 27 13 13 * 16 11 0 85 Oregon 44 15 27 16 27 * 14 6 0 83 Pennsylvania 37 16 42 24 23 * 14 6 0 94 Puerto Rico * * 7 * * * * 5 0 14 Rhode Island 7 6 14 * 7 * * 4 0 26 South Carolina 24 7 26 16 13 * 6 5 0 56 South Dakota 28 9 16 8 16 * 15 * 0 52 Tennessee 26 12 29 17 16 * 10 8 0 81 Texas 68 25 58 29 38 * 52 10 0 165 Utah 16 11 18 5 16 * 11 7 0 49 Vermont 11 5 17 4 5 * * * 0 34 Virgin Islands * * * 0 0 * * * 0 8 Virginia 28 16 38 16 22 * 14 6 * 82 Washington 31 12 30 17 26 * 25 7 * 85 West Virginia 10 * 15 10 8 * 6 5 0 38 Wisconsin 48 15 26 15 18 * 21 9 * 92 Wyoming 11 7 10 4 4 * 8 6 0 33 Total 873 256 283 350 460 4 615 48 6 1,543 * Indicates one to three providers. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 42 32 Table 21 Residential Fixed Connections and Households by State as of June 30, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction and households, in thousands) State Connections Households Subscribership Ratio Alabama 901 1,821 0.49 Alaska 162 248 0.65 American Samoa * 9 * Arizona 1,457 2,436 0.60 Arkansas 516 1,119 0.46 California 8,547 12,646 0.68 Colorado 1,297 1,886 0.69 Connecticut 1,003 1,362 0.74 Delaware 240 337 0.71 District of Columbia 175 263 0.67 Florida 4,783 7,436 0.64 Georgia 2,144 3,628 0.59 Guam * 39 * Hawaii * 450 * Idaho 300 562 0.53 Illinois 2,988 4,775 0.63 Indiana 1,356 2,457 0.55 Iowa 684 1,180 0.58 Kansas 659 1,077 0.61 Kentucky 876 1,687 0.52 Louisiana 888 1,609 0.55 Maine 330 540 0.61 Maryland 1,512 2,140 0.71 Massachusetts 1,868 2,493 0.75 Michigan 2,188 3,869 0.57 Minnesota 1,230 2,011 0.61 Mississippi 447 1,076 0.41 Missouri 1,269 2,323 0.55 Montana 212 385 0.55 Nebraska 425 698 0.61 Nevada 608 1,015 0.60 New Hampshire 378 514 0.73 New Jersey 2,456 3,202 0.77 New Mexico 389 748 0.52 New York 5,080 7,297 0.70 North Carolina 2,172 3,617 0.60 North Dakota 155 255 0.61 Northern Mariana Isl * 14 * Ohio 2,754 4,495 0.61 Oklahoma 731 1,423 0.51 Oregon 917 1,489 0.62 Pennsylvania 3,194 4,831 0.66 Puerto Rico 315 1,262 0.25 Rhode Island 282 418 0.67 South Carolina 944 1,721 0.55 South Dakota 179 310 0.58 Tennessee 1,248 2,455 0.51 Texas 4,728 8,730 0.54 Utah 528 858 0.62 Vermont 153 247 0.62 Virgin Islands 10 41 0.26 Virginia 1,904 3,003 0.63 Washington 1,670 2,533 0.66 West Virginia 359 737 0.49 Wisconsin 1,317 2,200 0.60 Wyoming 122 206 0.59 Total 71,391 116,181 0.61 # = Rounds to Zero; * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI (Connections); Geolytics 2009 Block-Level Estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2000 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands). U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 43 33 Table 22 Residential Fixed Connections (BTOP/BIP Definition) and Households by State as of June 30, 2009 (Connections and households, in thousands) State Connections Households Subscribership Ratio Alabama 786 1,821 0.43 Alaska 105 248 0.42 American Samoa 0 9 0.00 Arizona 1,386 2,436 0.57 Arkansas 427 1,119 0.38 California 7,802 12,646 0.62 Colorado 1,232 1,886 0.65 Connecticut 965 1,362 0.71 Delaware 225 337 0.67 District of Columbia 156 263 0.59 Florida 4,444 7,436 0.60 Georgia 1,958 3,628 0.54 Guam * 39 * Hawaii * 450 * Idaho 272 562 0.48 Illinois 2,744 4,775 0.57 Indiana 1,221 2,457 0.50 Iowa 596 1,180 0.51 Kansas 594 1,077 0.55 Kentucky 766 1,687 0.45 Louisiana 814 1,609 0.51 Maine 279 540 0.52 Maryland 1,375 2,140 0.64 Massachusetts 1,730 2,493 0.69 Michigan 2,026 3,869 0.52 Minnesota 1,124 2,011 0.56 Mississippi 386 1,076 0.36 Missouri 1,089 2,323 0.47 Montana 173 385 0.45 Nebraska 389 698 0.56 Nevada 589 1,015 0.58 New Hampshire 345 514 0.67 New Jersey 2,296 3,202 0.72 New Mexico 353 748 0.47 New York 4,707 7,297 0.65 North Carolina 1,925 3,617 0.53 North Dakota 146 255 0.57 Northern Mariana Isl * 14 * Ohio 2,368 4,495 0.53 Oklahoma 666 1,423 0.47 Oregon 853 1,489 0.57 Pennsylvania 2,789 4,831 0.58 Puerto Rico 198 1,262 0.16 Rhode Island * 418 * South Carolina 833 1,721 0.48 South Dakota 161 310 0.52 Tennessee 1,105 2,455 0.45 Texas 4,277 8,730 0.49 Utah 498 858 0.58 Vermont 127 247 0.51 Virgin Islands * 41 * Virginia 1,761 3,003 0.59 Washington 1,547 2,533 0.61 West Virginia 316 737 0.43 Wisconsin 1,181 2,200 0.54 Wyoming 110 206 0.53 Total 64,810 116,181 0.56 # = Rounds to Zero; * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: The BTOP/BIP definition is advertised speeds of at least 768 kbps downstream and 200 kbps upstream to end users. See also p.2 of the report text. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI (Connections); Geolytics 2009 Block-Level Estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2000 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands). U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 44 34 Table 23 Residential Fixed Connections (Approximating the National Broadband Availability Target) and Households by State as of June 30, 2009 (Connections with advertised speeds at least 3 mbps down and 768 up and households, in thousands) State Connections Households Subscribership Ratio Alabama 164 1,821 0.09 Alaska * 248 * American Samoa 0 9 0.00 Arizona 834 2,436 0.34 Arkansas 115 1,119 0.10 California 2,968 12,646 0.23 Colorado 761 1,886 0.40 Connecticut 535 1,362 0.39 Delaware 199 337 0.59 District of Columbia 130 263 0.49 Florida 1,923 7,436 0.26 Georgia 731 3,628 0.20 Guam * 39 * Hawaii * 450 * Idaho 49 562 0.09 Illinois 1,323 4,775 0.28 Indiana 652 2,457 0.27 Iowa 123 1,180 0.10 Kansas 216 1,077 0.20 Kentucky 384 1,687 0.23 Louisiana 305 1,609 0.19 Maine 72 540 0.13 Maryland 1,238 2,140 0.58 Massachusetts 1,464 2,493 0.59 Michigan 937 3,869 0.24 Minnesota 501 2,011 0.25 Mississippi * 1,076 * Missouri 176 2,323 0.08 Montana 95 385 0.25 Nebraska 149 698 0.21 Nevada 283 1,015 0.28 New Hampshire 249 514 0.48 New Jersey 2,128 3,202 0.66 New Mexico 150 748 0.20 New York 3,080 7,297 0.42 North Carolina 137 3,617 0.04 North Dakota 69 255 0.27 Northern Mariana Isl 0 14 0.00 Ohio 505 4,495 0.11 Oklahoma 263 1,423 0.18 Oregon 544 1,489 0.37 Pennsylvania 2,058 4,831 0.43 Puerto Rico * 1,262 * Rhode Island * 418 * South Carolina 145 1,721 0.08 South Dakota 18 310 0.06 Tennessee 493 2,455 0.20 Texas 1,197 8,730 0.14 Utah 271 858 0.32 Vermont 100 247 0.41 Virgin Islands 0 41 0.00 Virginia 1,449 3,003 0.48 Washington 1,098 2,533 0.43 West Virginia 130 737 0.18 Wisconsin 172 2,200 0.08 Wyoming 69 206 0.33 Total 31,308 116,181 0.27 # = Rounds to Zero; * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI (Connections); Geolytics 2009 Block-Level Estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2000 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands). U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 45 35 Table 24 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by State as of June 30, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households State Counties Zero Greater than 0 and no more than 5% Greater than 5 and no more than 10% Greater than 10 and no more than 20% Greater than 20 and no more than 30% Greater than 30 and no more than 40% Greater than 40 and no more than 50% Greater than 50 and no more than 60% Greater than 60 and no more than 80% Greater than 80 and no more than 100% 100% or more Alabama 67 0 0 0 4 15 20 13 10 5 0 0 Alaska 27 0 0 1 4 2 3 3 8 6 0 0 American Samoa 5 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Arizona 15 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 4 5 0 0 Arkansas 75 0 0 0 1 21 29 13 9 2 0 0 California 58 0 0 1 0 0 11 4 20 22 0 0 Colorado 64 0 0 0 0 6 11 11 12 16 6 2 Connecticut 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 Delaware 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 District of Columbia 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Florida 67 0 0 0 0 4 14 8 8 31 2 0 Georgia 159 0 0 1 6 14 37 40 28 31 2 0 Guam 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Hawaii 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 Idaho 44 0 0 1 2 2 8 14 9 7 1 0 Illinois 102 0 1 2 1 8 15 27 27 18 2 1 Indiana 92 0 0 0 0 5 25 35 15 12 0 0 Iowa 99 0 0 0 0 0 6 36 46 11 0 0 Kansas 105 0 0 0 0 2 10 37 36 18 1 1 Kentucky 120 0 0 0 6 11 41 33 15 14 0 0 Louisiana 64 0 0 0 1 13 14 8 16 10 1 1 Maine 16 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 6 5 0 0 Maryland 24 0 0 0 0 1 1 5 4 9 4 0 Massachusetts 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 2 3 Michigan 83 0 0 0 5 6 20 23 17 12 0 0 Minnesota 87 0 0 0 0 2 8 31 29 16 1 0 Mississippi 82 0 0 1 15 31 19 7 3 6 0 0 Missouri 115 0 0 1 3 18 43 26 15 8 1 0 Montana 56 0 0 0 1 0 18 17 13 7 0 0 Nebraska 93 0 0 0 0 2 23 29 30 8 1 0 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 46 36 Table 24 - Continued Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by State as of June 30, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households State Counties Zero Greater than 0 and no more than 5% Greater than 5 and no more than 10% Greater than 10 and no more than 20% Greater than 20 and no more than 30% Greater than 30 and no more than 40% Greater than 40 and no more than 50% Greater than 50 and no more than 60% Greater than 60 and no more than 80% Greater than 80 and no more than 100% 100% or more Nevada 17 0 0 0 0 4 6 1 2 4 0 0 New Hampshire 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 2 0 New Jersey 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 9 8 1 New Mexico 33 0 0 0 0 8 9 6 4 6 0 0 New York 62 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 19 30 7 2 North Carolina 100 0 0 0 0 6 20 26 26 18 3 1 North Dakota 53 0 0 0 1 1 8 14 14 15 0 0 Northern Mariana Isl 4 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ohio 88 0 0 0 0 4 9 25 22 28 0 0 Oklahoma 77 0 0 0 3 17 20 21 10 6 0 0 Oregon 36 0 0 0 0 1 5 14 7 9 0 0 Pennsylvania 67 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 22 25 6 1 Puerto Rico 78 0 1 9 33 17 14 1 3 0 0 0 Rhode Island 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 0 South Carolina 46 0 0 0 1 11 6 13 9 5 1 0 South Dakota 66 0 0 0 2 3 16 24 12 9 0 0 Tennessee 95 0 0 1 4 14 40 15 13 8 0 0 Texas 254 0 1 1 9 44 80 65 37 13 4 0 Utah 29 0 0 0 1 4 0 3 10 10 1 0 Vermont 14 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 1 7 0 0 Virgin Islands 3 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Virginia 134 0 0 2 15 20 23 23 20 22 9 0 Washington 39 0 0 0 0 5 4 6 10 14 0 0 West Virginia 55 0 0 1 1 7 14 17 10 5 0 0 Wisconsin 72 0 0 0 0 2 7 24 24 15 0 0 Wyoming 23 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 9 7 0 0 Total 3,232 4 4 23 123 337 668 748 670 573 69 13 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI (Connections); Geolytics 2009 Block-Level Estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2000 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands). U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 47 37 Table 25 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State as of June 30, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households State Tracts Zero Greater than 0 and no more than 5% Greater than 5 and no more than 10% Greater than 10 and no more than 20% Greater than 20 and no more than 30% Greater than 30 and no more than 40% Greater than 40 and no more than 50% Greater than 50 and no more than 60% Greater than 60 and no more than 80% Greater than 80 and no more than 100% 100% or more Alabama 1,081 3 6 25 103 210 187 157 104 159 64 63 Alaska 158 1 2 5 10 7 11 15 18 49 30 10 American Samoa 21 9 9 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 Arizona 1,107 18 14 27 68 114 115 139 151 234 108 119 Arkansas 624 2 25 31 77 111 106 80 64 64 34 30 California 7,049 41 23 38 224 375 666 781 870 1,845 1,254 932 Colorado 1,075 12 4 8 20 61 109 146 133 267 159 156 Connecticut 815 3 0 1 7 24 36 56 83 259 274 72 Delaware 197 1 0 2 8 17 20 25 23 27 32 42 District of Columbia 188 6 1 1 3 6 13 19 29 52 38 20 Florida 3,153 9 4 7 64 217 373 459 449 746 402 423 Georgia 1,618 7 9 10 78 198 248 261 240 282 145 140 Guam 56 12 1 0 7 8 6 5 5 5 0 7 Hawaii 286 8 1 0 1 10 6 22 50 112 43 33 Idaho 280 1 1 8 10 28 58 53 39 44 18 20 Illinois 2,964 20 16 17 65 247 362 435 439 749 388 226 Indiana 1,412 3 6 7 46 148 248 285 252 240 112 65 Iowa 793 2 1 0 6 32 108 189 195 193 42 25 Kansas 727 7 2 0 11 45 107 141 127 155 75 57 Kentucky 994 3 4 11 55 117 179 191 153 172 66 43 Louisiana 1,106 6 5 5 46 156 149 176 144 246 113 60 Maine 344 0 1 3 14 17 21 40 83 105 47 13 Maryland 1,216 8 1 8 58 86 90 118 128 281 211 227 Massachusetts 1,361 5 0 1 38 104 93 110 95 314 367 234 Michigan 2,716 15 12 26 163 258 318 369 410 642 353 150 Minnesota 1,300 7 0 4 14 77 139 217 259 336 153 94 Mississippi 605 0 5 16 98 137 105 82 45 63 30 24 Missouri 1,320 10 23 20 97 158 211 207 180 197 134 83 Montana 270 7 9 3 10 33 39 46 47 47 19 10 Nebraska 503 4 0 0 6 27 83 103 94 110 36 40 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 48 38 Table 25 - Continued Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State as of June 30, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households State Tracts Zero Greater than 0 and no more than 5% Greater than 5 and no more than 10% Greater than 10 and no more than 20% Greater than 20 and no more than 30% Greater than 30 and no more than 40% Greater than 40 and no more than 50% Greater than 50 and no more than 60% Greater than 60 and no more than 80% Greater than 80 and no more than 100% 100% or more Nevada 487 10 4 11 33 48 78 55 60 85 48 55 New Hampshire 272 0 0 0 4 1 6 27 33 99 73 29 New Jersey 1,944 14 0 7 45 97 141 167 161 411 463 438 New Mexico 456 21 9 15 29 51 73 69 47 76 37 29 New York 4,898 102 8 8 62 174 529 785 713 990 759 768 North Carolina 1,555 2 1 9 55 154 246 247 244 289 170 138 North Dakota 227 6 0 2 4 18 23 49 40 58 17 10 Northern Mariana Isl 21 3 14 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Ohio 2,934 14 2 10 79 258 339 438 488 787 357 162 Oklahoma 990 5 16 15 80 109 177 155 121 166 92 54 Oregon 755 1 1 4 7 40 73 129 147 205 101 47 Pennsylvania 3,134 24 25 9 178 275 282 314 383 679 524 441 Puerto Rico 823 147 93 99 220 96 51 32 26 17 17 25 Rhode Island 233 0 0 0 9 19 22 28 20 45 53 37 South Carolina 867 5 2 15 60 133 160 112 102 131 67 80 South Dakota 235 15 6 1 10 26 31 48 29 41 18 10 Tennessee 1,261 8 5 24 94 202 239 203 139 182 92 73 Texas 4,388 22 60 104 420 659 724 596 423 651 350 379 Utah 496 8 5 3 10 24 42 79 93 121 62 49 Vermont 179 0 0 0 5 4 19 21 39 60 21 10 Virgin Islands 32 0 5 4 4 4 6 2 2 5 0 0 Virginia 1,530 6 11 28 89 126 153 200 187 305 239 186 Washington 1,318 2 4 15 35 48 108 161 203 383 218 141 West Virginia 466 0 7 13 37 53 78 78 72 86 35 7 Wisconsin 1,320 7 3 13 55 105 160 197 210 351 133 86 Wyoming 127 1 0 1 3 5 12 15 33 41 12 4 Total 66,287 653 466 696 3,036 5,757 7,979 9,134 8,924 14,260 8,705 6,677 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI (Connections); Geolytics 2009 Block-Level Estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2000 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands). U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 49 39 Chart 18 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Income Decile as of June 30, 2009 (County Data) Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2009 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2009); and Census 2000 (Median household income in 1999). one direction across all counties in decile N and all deciles less than N to the number of households in all the counties in decile N and deciles less than N. decile to the sum of households across counties in the decile. The height of the blue, cumulative bar for decile N represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least Census Bureau. For each decile, the height of any red, non-cumulative bar represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction across counties in the This chart shows cumulative and non-cumulative subscribership ratios by income deciles. Counties were grouped into income deciles based on county median household income in 1999, as reported by the Lower Income Counties Ranked by Median Household Income, in Deciles Higher Income Cumulative Not Cumulative 0.29 0.29 0.36 0.41 0.38 0.42 0.41 0.47 0.43 0.50 0.46 0.52 0.49 0.57 0.52 0.59 0.56 0.63 0.61 0.74 S u bscr i b er s h i p R a t i o 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 12345678910 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 50 40 Max Q1 Q3 Median Min Chart 19 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Income Deciles as of June 30, 2009 Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2009 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2009); and Census 2000 (Median household income in 1999). observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is any data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1. but note also that + denotes the position of the averageresidential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in the income decile. Some of the features are labeled, 12345678910 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 S ubsc r i b e r shi p R a ti o Lower Income Median Household Income in 1999 by Decile Higher Income Subscribership Ratio Average 0.28 Median 0.28 0.36 0.36 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.46 0.46 0.49 0.48 0.50 0.50 0.52 0.53 0.57 0.58 0.69 0.70 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 51 41 Chart 20 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Density Decile as of June 30, 2009 (County Data) Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2009 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2009); and Census 2000 (County land area). fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction across all counties in decile N and all deciles less than N to the number of households in all the counties in decile N and deciles less than N. in at least one direction across counties in the decile to the sum of households across counties in the decile. The height of the blue, cumulative bar for decile N represents the ratio of the sum of residential county households in 2009 to county land area from the Census Bureau. For each decile, the height of any red, non-cumulative bar represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over 200 kbps This chart shows cumulative and non-cumulative subscribership ratios by density deciles. Counties were grouped into density deciles based on households per square mile, calculated as the ratio of estimated Lower Density Counties Ranked by Household Density, in Deciles Higher Density Cumulative Not Cumulative 0.46 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.46 0.44 0.44 0.43 0.44 0.44 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.51 0.49 0.55 0.55 0.63 0.61 0.67 S u bscr i b er s h i p R a t i o 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 12345678910 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 52 42 Max Q1 Q3 Median Min Chart 21 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Density Deciles as of June 30, 2009 Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2009 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2009); and Census 2000 (County land area). observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is any data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1. but note also that + denotes the position of the average residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in the density decile. Some of the features are labeled, 12345678910 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 S ubsc r i b e r shi p R a ti o Lower Density County Household Density by Decile Higher Density Subscribership Ratio Average 0.43 Median 0.43 0.45 0.45 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.40 0.39 0.43 0.43 0.47 0.46 0.53 0.52 0.60 0.61 0.58 0.64 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 53 43 Chart 22 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Share of College Graduates in Deciles as of June 30, 2009 (County Data) Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2009 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2009); and Census 2000 (County educational attainment). residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction across all counties in decile N and all deciles less than N, to the number of households in all the counties in decile N and deciles less than N. 200 kbps in at least one direction across counties in the decile to the sum of households across counties in the decile. The height of the blue, cumulative bar for decile N represents the ratio of the sum of least 25 years of age with a college degree or higher educational attainment. For each decile, the height of any red, non-cumulative bar represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over This chart shows cumulative and non-cumulative subscribership ratios by county share of college graduates in deciles. Counties were grouped into deciles based on the share of the county population at Lower Share Counties Ranked by Share of College Graduates, in Deciles Higher Share Cumulative Not Cumulative 0.34 0.34 0.37 0.39 0.39 0.41 0.40 0.43 0.43 0.48 0.45 0.52 0.48 0.56 0.51 0.58 0.55 0.62 0.61 0.72 S u bscr i b er s h i p R a t i o 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 12345678910 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 54 44 Max Q1 Q3 Median Min Chart 23 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share of Population with a College Degree (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2009 Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2009 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2009); and Census 2000 (County educational attainment). observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is a data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1. but note also that + denotes the position of the average residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in the share decile. Some of the features are labeled, 12345678910 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 S ubsc r i b e r shi p R a ti o Lower Share County Share of College Graduates by Decile Higher Share Subscribership Ratio Average 0.32 Median 0.32 0.36 0.36 0.38 0.38 0.40 0.41 0.43 0.44 0.47 0.48 0.50 0.51 0.53 0.53 0.58 0.59 0.69 0.70 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 55 45 Lowest Density Highest Density Chart 24 Subscribership Ratios by Technology and Tract Density as of June 30, 2009 Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2009 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2009); and Census 2000 (Tract land area). connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction to households across tracts in the percentile. estimated tract households in 2009 to tract land area from the Census Bureau. For each percentile, the height of the bar represents the household-weighted average ratio of residential fixed This chart shows subscribership ratios by technology and household density. Tracts were grouped into 100 density percentiles based on households per square mile, calculated as the ratio of aDSL Cable Modem FTTP Satellite Fixed Wireless P e r c entage o f R e s i d e nti a l F i x e d C onn e c t i ons 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 56 46 Richest Poorest Lowest Density Highest Density 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Chart 25 Average Subscribership Ratios by Income and Household Density Tract Data as of June 30, 2009 Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2009 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2009); and Census 2000 (Tract land area, Median household income). residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction to households across tracts in the decile. estimated tract households in 2009 to tract land area from the Census Bureau, and median household income. For each quantile, the height of the bar represents the household-weighted average ratio of This chart shows subscribership ratios by household density and income quantiles. Tracts were grouped into 400 density/income quantiles based on households per square mile, calculated as the ratio of U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 57 47 M edi a n R ati o of C onn e c t i ons to H o u s ehol d s 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Lower Density Tract Density (Households per Square Mile) in Deciles Higher Density 12345678910 Chart 26 Median Ratios of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Income and Density Tract Data as of June 30, 2009 Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2009 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2009); and Census 2000 (Median household income in 1999). Tract Median Income in Deciles less than $22,907 $22,907 to $28,245 $28,245 to $32,004 $32,004 to $35,699 $35,699 to $39,615 $39,615 to $43,859 $43,859 to $49,750 $49,750 to $57,281 $57,281 to $70,136 more than $70,136 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 58 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 59 Technical Notes General Detailed information about FCC Form 477 reporting requirements is available at http://www.fcc.gov/form477/. Wherever a number of providers is cited in this report, multiple Form 477 filers within a holding company structure count as one provider. Form 477 collects information about Internet access connections in service to end-user locations that are advertised to deliver information to and/or from the end user – that is, in at least one direction – at transfer rates (“speeds”) above 200 kilobits per second (kbps). Information is collected about connections in 72 speed tiers (nine upstream tiers and eight downstream) defined by ranges of upstream speeds and downstream speeds. See report Table 8 for specifications of the speed tiers. Connections are further categorized by the technology employed by the part of the connection that terminates at the end-user location (see below). “End users” are residential, business, institutional, or government entities who use services for their own purposes and who do not resell such services to other entities. Facilities-based providers report information about connections they provide directly to their own end-user customers and also connections that they provide to Internet Service Providers for resale to end users. For Form 477 purposes, the facilities-based provider of a connection is the entity that owns the portion of the physical facility that terminates at the end-user location, obtains an unbundled network element (UNE), special access line, or other leased facility that terminates at the end-user location and provisions/equips it as a connection that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction, or provisions/equips a wireless channel that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction to the end-user location over licensed spectrum or over spectrum that the provider uses on an unlicensed basis. The mutually exclusive Form 477 technology categories are: asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (“aDSL” in this report), symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (“sDSL”), other wireline, cable modem, optical fiber to the end-user premises (“FTTP”), satellite, fixed wireless (using licensed or unlicensed spectrum), mobile wireless (using licensed or unlicensed spectrum), electric power line, and all other (which is included to capture deployment of additional technologies over time). In the Form 477 data collection, aDSL-based services delivered over fiber-to-the-node architecture are reported in the aDSL category. The other wireline category comprises T1/DS1, T3/DS3, and other copper-based connections, not elsewhere categorized, that deliver Internet access service at the end-user location. Ethernet connections delivering Internet access service are reported in the other wireline category if the connection terminates over copper and in the FTTP category if the connection terminates over fiber. Connections deployed over hybrid fiber-coax (HFC) architecture are reported in the cable modem category. Wireless ISPs (“WISPs”) report in the fixed wireless category if providing service to dispersed, fixed end-user locations and report in the mobile wireless category if providing a commercial service that can be received at any location within a service footprint. Wireless local area networks (such as Wi-Fi hotspots) that only enable local distribution and sharing of a premises connection are not included, although the shared premises connection is included. Numbers of connections presented in this report are not adjusted for the number of persons at a single end-user location who have access to, or who use, the Internet access services delivered over the connection to that location. Numbers of residential connections are estimated based on the total connections and percentage-residential connections information reported on Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 60 Census tracts Starting with data as of December 31, 2008, facilities-based providers of reportable fixed-location Internet access connections must report connection counts and percentage residential information at the census tract level of detail. Because of the inherent mobility of their service, facilities-based mobile wireless providers do not report subscriber counts by census tract. Instead, they report the census tracts in the state that best represent the areas where service is available over the provider’s own network, for each of the speed tiers in which the provider offers service. For the 2000 decennial census, the Census Bureau assigned a default census tract code of 000000 to some coastal and Great Lakes water and territorial sea. These default-code tracts are not included in the statistics presented in this report, which therefore summarize data for 66,287 census tracts. According to GeoLytics, Inc. estimates for 2009, fewer than 200 census tracts have population but no households because the population resides in group living quarters. For the purpose of estimating residential subscribership rates by census tract, we assume these census tracts have no reportable residential Internet access service because persons residing in group quarters would have Internet access over a business connection provided to the operator of the group quarters. Therefore, these census tracts are included in the “zero” column (see, for example, Table 12). Tables 1–4 (December 2008 vs. June 2008) Changed reporting instructions starting in December 2008 caused a one-time decrease in the reported number of mobile wireless Internet access service connections, from about 60 million in June 2008 to about 25 million in December 2008. For reporting periods through June 30, 2008, Form 477 had instructed mobile wireless providers to report the number of subscribers whose mobile device (such as a wireless modem laptop card, smartphone, or handset) was capable of sending or receiving data at speeds above 200 kbps. The Commission found these instructions insufficiently precise to enable it to determine, from the reported data, the number of subscribers making regular use of Internet access service above 200 kbps as part of their mobile service package. Starting with the December 31, 2008 data, therefore, Form 477 requires mobile wireless providers to report the number of subscribers that have a capable device (as discussed above) for which the subscription includes a data plan for transferring, on a monthly basis, either a specified or an unlimited amount of data to and from Internet sites of the subscriber’s choice, and excluding subscribers whose choice of content is restricted to only customized-for-mobile content (for example, text and multimedia messaging, or the capacity to download ringtones and games). Starting with the December 31, 2008, data, providers also must report, explicitly and separately, total subscribers with a device capable of sending or receiving data at speeds above 200 kbps, irrespective of the service plan purchased. The number of such devices reported for December 2008 was about 86 million. That figure is not directly comparable to mobile wireless connections reported for June 2008 or earlier reporting periods, however, because individual providers – to a varying and largely unknown degree – included or excluded subscribers with service plans for less than full Internet access in the earlier data. Finally, the Form 477 modifications adopted for the December 31, 2008, and later, data specify how mobile wireless providers should distinguish between residential subscribers and other subscribers, and some of these providers consequently reported a larger share of residential subscribers than they had reported for earlier dates. Charts 16-17, Tables 11-12 and 21-22 (ratios above 100%) Starting with data as of December 31, 2008, information about connections over fixed-location technologies must be reported for individual census tracts. This allows us to estimate the share of households with fixed-location connections in individual census tracts by taking the ratio of the reported number of fixed-location residential service connections to the estimated number of households. In the mid-year 2009 data, we continue to find “outlier” estimates at or above 100% and to find that the number of outliers is substantially reduced when estimates are made for individual counties rather than for individual census tracts. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 61 Possible explanations of ratios at or above 100% include (1) geocoding misallocations of service locations to census tracts; (2) proper allocation of connections to the county level by some filers, but improper allocation of all connections to a single tract in the county; (3) possible overestimation of residential connections in service plans for which the customer base is primarily residential; and (4) connections at seasonally or occasionally occupied housing units, such as vacation homes, while the household is counted elsewhere. The numbers of households in census tracts that were used to generate the estimated ratios are themselves estimates (for 2009, from GeoLytics, Inc.), which could have an independent effect. (The same estimated numbers of households in census tracts were used to calculate ratios for June 30, 2009 and for December 31, 2008.) Maps showing number of providers by census tract Readers of previous reports in this series may note certain differences in the provider-count maps in this report as compared to maps for June 30, 2008 and earlier dates, which showed the number of providers by 5-digit geographical ZIP Code. The ZIP Code-based maps counted (at the holding company level) each provider with any fixed-location connections (wired, terrestrial fixed wireless, or satellite) reported for the ZIP Code and also any mobile wireless service provider who listed the ZIP Code as part of its service area. By contrast, in this report we provide separate maps for providers (counted at the holding company level) of fixed-location connections and for mobile wireless providers. Also, we present maps showing the number of providers that reported any residential fixed-location connections, thereby excluding any providers of exclusively business fixed-location connections in the census tract. The June 30, 2009 map of providers of mobile connections with information transfer rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction depicts somewhat less extensive coverage than the year-end 2008 map published in the December 2008 High-Speed Report. In the interim, discussions with providers clarified that the provider should not report service availability (for example, through roaming arrangements) in census tracts in which the provider does not operate a network capable of sending or receiving data at speeds above 200 kbps. Maps showing residential subscribership rates by census tract The two maps based on estimated Internet access connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction per 1,000 households (that is, estimated household subscribership, or adoption, rates) are not comparable to the ZIP Code- based maps for June 30, 2008 and earlier dates, which appeared previously in this series of reports, because numbers of connections were never reported for individual ZIP Codes. Readers should note that these two maps (1) exclude all connections identified as business connections and (2) necessarily exclude residential mobile wireless connections (which are reported for the state but not for individual census tracts). Customer Response Publication: Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2009 You can help us provide the best possible information to the public by completing this form and returning it to the Industry Analysis and Technology Division of the FCC's Wireline Competition Bureau. 1. Please check the category that best describes you: ____ press ____ current telecommunications carrier ____ potential telecommunications carrier ____ business customer evaluating vendors/service options ____ consultant, law firm, lobbyist ____ other business customer ____ academic/student ____ residential customer ____ FCC employee ____ other federal government employee ____ state or local government employee ____ Other (please specify) 2. 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