Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 Industry Analysis and Technology Division Wireline Competition Bureau December 2010 This report is available for reference in the FCC’s Reference Information Center, Courtyard Level, 445 12th Street, SW, Washington, DC. Copies may be purchased by contacting Best Copy and Printing, Inc., 445 12th Street, SW, Room CY-B402, Washington, DC 20554, telephone (800) 378-3160, or via their website at www.bcpiweb.com. The report can also be downloaded from the Wireline Competition Bureau Statistical Reports Internet site at www.fcc.gov/wcb/stats. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 i Table of Contents Introduction...........................................................................................................................................1 Connection speeds.................................................................................................................................2 Figure 1(a) Distribution of Reportable Connections by Downstream Speed ...............................2 Figure 1(b) Distribution of Reportable Connections by Upstream Speed....................................3 Figure 2(a) Distribution by Upstream Speed of Reportable Connections with Downstream Speed Below 3 mbps............................................................................4 Figure 2(b) Distribution by Upstream Speed of Reportable Connections with Downstream Speed at Least 3 mbps but Below 6 mbps............................................5 Figure 2(c) Distribution by Upstream Speed of Reportable Connections with Downstream Speed at Least 6 mbps..........................................................................6 Providers by census tract by connection speed ..................................................................................7 Figure 3(a) Percentages of Households Located in Census Tracts Where Providers Report Residential Fixed-Location Connections of Various Speeds.........................7 Figure 3(b) Percentages of Households Located in Census Tracts Where Providers Report Residential Fixed-Location Connections of Various Speeds or Operate a Mobile Wireless Network Capable of Delivering Service of Various Speeds......................................................................................................8 A decade of Internet access adoption. .................................................................................................9 Figure 4 Fixed-Location Connections 1999-2009 ...................................................................9 Other report highlights.......................................................................................................................10 Total subscribership .......................................................................................................................10 Residential subscribership..............................................................................................................10 Household adoption by speed tier ..................................................................................................10 Census tract and county shares of households with reportable connections ..................................10 Household adoption rates and subscribership demographics .........................................................11 Maps of providers by census tract ..................................................................................................11 Remainder of the report.....................................................................................................................11 Detailed Summary Statistics: The Nation........................................................................................13 Detailed Summary Statistics: The States .........................................................................................33 Detailed Summary Statistics: Counties and Census Tracts ...........................................................50 Detailed Correlation Results: Demographic Measures ..................................................................66 Technical Notes ...................................................................................................................................80 Glossary ...............................................................................................................................................83 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 1 Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 Introduction. This report summarizes information about Internet access connections over 200 kilobits per second (kbps) in at least one direction in service in the United States on December 31, 2009, as collected by FCC Form 477. Form 477 gathers standardized information about subscribership to Internet access services in the fifty states, District of Columbia, and inhabited insular areas (American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and U.S. Virgin Islands). The information is reported by telephone companies, cable system operators, terrestrial wireless service providers, satellite service providers, and other facilities-based providers of advanced telecommunications capability. 1 The report reflects the Commission’s continued efforts to improve the way it collects, uses, and disseminates data by focusing on the speeds of the Internet access service connections that are reported in the Form 477 program. 2 Before presenting that information, we note two important points about the Form 477 data. • First, the data track subscribership, or adoption, of services of different speeds; they do not directly measure the availability of services of different speeds. That is, if service connections of different speeds are available to a particular consumer for purchase – from one or more suppliers – then the only connection that will be counted by Form 477 is the one the consumer actually purchases. • Second, the reported connection speed is typically based on the advertised speed of the purchased service, such as the advertised “up to” speed of a wired service or the advertised range of “typical speeds” of a mobile wireless service. It is possible that the purchased service will not operate at its advertised speed at all times. Elsewhere, the Commission is exploring the size and causes of differences between advertised connection speeds and the speeds experienced by consumers. 3 This is the third report to include details about subscribership differences among census tracts and counties, as well as subscribership differences among the states. 4 And we continue to illustrate correlations of subscribership and demographic measures including, for the first time in this report, age and race. 1 See the Technical Notes and the Glossary that appear at the end of this report for more-detailed information about the Form 477 data collection and the meaning of terms used in this report. 2 Consequently, some tables and charts have been reordered or revised and new charts have been added. The report traditionally focused more closely on the technologies delivering service to end users, for example, subscribership to cable modem service offered by cable TV systems as opposed to digital subscriber line (DSL) services offered primarily by telephone companies. 3 See FCC Survey Finds 4 out of 5 Americans Don’t Know Their Broadband Speeds: Agency Announces Plans for National Speed Testing, Starts Recruiting for 10,000 Volunteers, News Release (June 1, 2010), available at http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DOC-298525A1.pdf. 4 The Form 477 program began collecting state-level data in 2000. Census tract-level data were first collected in December 2008. For an overview of program history, see High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31, 2008 (February 2010) (December 2008 High-Speed Report) at pp. 1-4, available at http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html. Readers who are interested in historical trends in the Form 477 data should note the changes in reporting requirements that were effective in 2008 and earlier, in 2005. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 2 Connection speeds. At present, the Form 477 program categorizes reportable connections into 72 speed tiers defined by eight ranges of downstream speed and nine ranges of upstream speed. In this overview discussion, we organize the extensive information collected for December 2009 into three groups of downstream speeds and three groups of upstream speeds. For the breakpoints between these groups, we use the Form 477-defined breakpoints that the Commission discussed as potential proxies for the broadband availability benchmark adopted in the Sixth Broadband Deployment Report. 5 These Form 477-defined breakpoints are 3 mbps and 6 mbps for downstream speeds and 768 kbps and 1.5 mbps for upstream speeds. 6 Figure 1(a) illustrates how the connections reported for December 2009 were distributed across the three ranges of downstream speed defined by breakpoints at 3 mbps and at 6 mpbs. Figure 1(a) Distribution of Reportable Connections (133,148,000) by Downstream Speed as of December 31, 2009 30% 12% 58% Downstream Speed ? 6 mbps (40,382,000 connections) 3 mbps ? Downstream Speed < 6 mbps (16,172,000 connections) Downstream Speed < 3 mbps (76,594,000 connections) 5 The Commission benchmarked broadband as a transmission service that enables an end user actually to download Internet content at 4 megabits per second (mbps) and to upload Internet content at 1 mbps over the service provider’s network. See Inquiry Concerning the Deployment of Advanced Telecommunications Capability to All Americans in a Reasonable and Timely Fashion, and Possible Steps to Accelerate Such Deployment Pursuant to Section 706 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, Amended by the Broadband Data Improvement Act, GN Docket Nos. 09-137, 09-51, Report, 25 FCC Rcd 9556, 9563, para. 11 (2010) (Sixth Broadband Deployment Report). 6 See Sixth Broadband Deployment Report, 25 FCC Rcd at 9568, para. 20. As explained there, the Commission decided to evaluate the evidence of broadband availability using the Form 477-defined speed breakpoints of 3 mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 3 • At year-end 2009, 58% of reportable connections (or 76,594,000 connections) were slower than 3 mbps in the downstream direction, 12% (or 16,172,000 connections) were at least 3 mbps in the downstream direction but slower than 6 mbps, and 30% (or 40,382,000 connections) were at least 6 mbps in the downstream direction. Figure 1(b) illustrates how the connections reported for December 2009 were distributed across the three ranges of upstream speed defined by breakpoints at 768 kbps and at 1.5 mbps. Figure 1(b) Distribution of Reportable Connections (133,148,000) by Upstream Speed as of December 31, 2009 12% 49% 39% Upstream Speed ? 1.5 mbps (15,670,000 connections) 768 kbps ? Upstream Speed < 1.5 mbps (51,536,000 connections) Upstream Speed < 768 kbps (65,942,000 connections) • At year-end 2009, 49% of reportable connections (or 65,942,000 connections) were slower than 768 kbps in the upstream direction, 39% (or 51,536,000 connections) were at least 768 kbps in the upstream direction but slower than 1.5 mbps, and 12% (or 15,670,000 connections) were at least 1.5 mbps in the upstream direction. In Figures 2(a) – 2(c), we sequentially review the upstream speeds of the connections that fall into each of the three downstream-speed groupings that we illustrated in Figure 1(a). 7 7 This narrative discussion of connection speeds is summarized more concisely in Chart 1. Charts 2 - 5 provide additional detail. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 4 Figure 2(a) Distribution by Upstream Speed of Reportable Connections (76,594,000) with Downstream Speed Below 3 mbps as of December 31, 2009 12% 30% 1% 18% 39% 58% Downstream Speed < 3 mbps -- Upstream Speed ? 1.5 mbps (676,000 connections) Downstream Speed < 3 mbps -- 768 ? Upstream Speed <1.5 mbps (24,346,000 connections) Downstream Speed < 3 mbps -- Upstream Speed < 768 kbps (51,573,000 connections) • At year-end 2009, about 39% of reportable connections (or 51,573,000 connections) were slower than 3 mbps in the downstream direction and also slower than 768 kbps in the upstream direction. • Additionally, about 19% of reportable connections (or 25,022,000 connections) were fast enough in the upstream direction (at least 768 kbps) but too slow in the downstream direction (less than 3 mbps) to meet the broadband availability benchmark adopted in the Sixth Broadband Deployment Report. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 5 Figure 2(b) Distribution by Upstream Speed of Reportable Connections (16,172,000) with Downstream Speed at Least 3 mbps but Below 6 mbps as of December 31, 2009 30% 58% 1% 6% 5% 12% 3 mbps ? Downstream Speed < 6 mbps -- Upstream Speed ? 1.5 mbps (1,350,000 connections) 3 mbps ? Downstream Speed < 6 mbps -- 768 ? Upstream Speed < 1.5 mbps (7,669,000 connections) 3 mbps ? Downstream Speed < 6 mbps -- Upstream Speed < 768 kbps (7,153,000 connections) • At year-end 2009, about 5% of reportable connections (or 7,153,000 connections) were at least 3 mbps but below 6 mbps in the downstream direction and were slower than 768 kbps in the upstream direction. These purchased connections are too slow in the upstream direction to meet the broadband availability benchmark adopted in the Sixth Broadband Deployment Report U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 6 Figure 2(c) Distribution by Upstream Speed of Reportable Connections (40,382,000) with Downstream Speed at Least 6 mbps as of December 31, 2009 58% 12% 10% 15% 5% 30% Downstream Speed ? 6 mbps -- Upstream Speed ? 1.5 mbps (13,644,000 connections) Downstream Speed ? 6 mbps -- 768 ? Upstream Speed < 1.5 mbps (19,522,000 connections) Downstream Speed ? 6 mbps -- Upstream Speed < 768 kbps (7,216,000 connections) • At year-end 2009, another 5% of reportable connections (or 7,216,000 connections) were at least 6 mbps in the downstream direction and were slower than 768 kbps in the upstream direction. These purchased connections also are too slow in the upstream direction to meet the broadband availability benchmark adopted in the Sixth Broadband Deployment Report. • In sum, about 68% of reportable Internet access service connections (or 90,963,000 connections) in December 2009 were too slow in both the downstream and upstream directions, or too slow in a single direction, to meet the broadband availability benchmark adopted in the Sixth Broadband Deployment Report. About 39% of reportable connections (or 51,573,000 connections) were too slow in both directions, about 19% (or 25,021,000 connections) were too slow in the downstream direction only, and about 11% (or 14,369,000 connections) were too slow in the upstream direction only. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 7 Providers by census tract by connection speed. In earlier reports in which we summarized Form 477 data through June 2008, we included summary statistics for the percentage of 5-digit geographical ZIP Codes in which differing numbers of providers (zero providers, one provider, two providers, etc.) had customers for their reportable connections. 8 The ZIP Code-based data did not include information about the speeds of the connections that were purchased in particular ZIP Codes. However, the census tract- level information collected on Form 477 since December 2008 does include the speeds of purchased fixed-location connections. 9 In Figure 3(a), we use that information to estimate the percentages of households located in census tracts where zero, one, two, or three or more providers reported residential fixed-location connections of several different speeds at year-end 2009. 10 Figure 3(a) Percentages of Households Located in Census Tracts Where Providers Report Residential Fixed-Location Connections of Various Speeds as of December 31, 2009 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 3+ Providers 48 28 2 2 2 Providers 44 48 22 20 1 Provider 7215758 0 Providers 1 3 19 21 At least 3 mbps downstream & over 200 kbps upstream At least 3 mbps downstream & 768 kbps upstream At least 6 mbps downstream & 1.5 mbps upstream At least 10 mbps downstream & 1.5 mbps upstream Figures may not sum to 100% due to rounding. 8 For the most recent such report, see High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of June 30, 2008 (July 2009) (June 2008 High-Speed Report) at pp. 1-4, available at http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html. 9 Mobile wireless providers report the number of service subscriptions they have sold, and the speeds of those service subscriptions, at the state level only. For individual census tracts, they report the speeds of mobile wireless service subscriptions that they offer for sale – that is, the capability of the network that they operate in the census tract. 10 A provider who reports residential connections of a particular speed in a particular census tract may or may not offer service of that speed everywhere in the census tract. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 8 In Figure 3(b), we estimate the percentages of households in census tracts where providers reported residential fixed-location connections of different speeds or operated a mobile wireless network capable of sending or receiving data at the indicated speeds. Figure 3(b) Percentages of Households Located in Census Tracts Where Providers Report Residential Fixed-Location Connections of Various Speeds or Operate a Mobile Wireless Network Capable of Delivering Service of Various Speeds as of December 31, 2009 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 3+ Providers 58 40 3 2 2 Providers 35 40 22 20 1 Provider 6175658 0 Providers 1 3 18 21 At least 3 mbps downstream & over 200 kbps upstream At least 3 mbps downstream & 768 kbps upstream At least 6 mbps downstream & 1.5 mbps upstream At least 10 mbps downstream & 1.5 mbps upstream Figures may not sum to 100% due to rounding. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 9 A decade of Internet access adoption. With this report, the Commission has systematically collected, compiled, and published a full decade of data about the adoption of fixed-location Internet access connections faster than 200 kbps in at least one direction. Figure 4 illustrates the adoption of fixed- location Internet access connections (that is, all reportable connections except mobile wireless connections) since 1999. 11 Figure 4 Fixed-Location Connections 1999-2009 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 D e c 1 999 J un 2 0 00 D e c 2 000 Ju n 20 0 1 Dec 2 00 1 Ju n 20 0 2 Dec 2 00 2 J u n 20 03 De c 2 003 J u n 20 04 D e c 2 00 4 Ju n 20 0 5 D e c 2 00 5 Ju n 20 0 6 Dec 2 0 06 Ju n 20 07 Dec 2 0 07 J un 2 0 08 D e c 20 0 8 Ju n 2 0 09 D e c 20 0 9 C o nnect ion s in Thousands 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Co nn ec tions p er 1 0 0 U n its Residential Fixed Connections (left axis) Total Fixed Connections (left axis) Residential Fixed Connections per 100 Households (right axis) Total Fixed Connections per 100 Population (right axis) • Between 1999 and 2009, total (business and residential) reportable fixed-location connections grew from 2 million connections to 81 million connections – at a compound annual growth rate of 42% per year. • Between 1999 and 2009, residential fixed-location connections grew from less than 2 million connections to 74 million connections – at a compound annual growth rate of 45% per year. • Between mid-year 2000 and mid-year 2009, household adoption – which we track in Figure 4 by comparing the number of residential fixed-location connections to the number of households – increased from 3 connections per 100 households to 60 connections per 100 households. 12,13 11 Reportable connections for December 1999 through June 2005 are summarized in our report High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of June 30, 2008 (July 2009), Tables 1 and 2, available in Excel format at http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html. The more recent data are discussed later in this report. 12 We also show total (including business as well as residential) fixed-location connections per 100 population in Figure 4, which is a statistic routinely reported by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 10 Other report highlights. Total subscribership • During the second half of 2009, fixed-location Internet access connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction increased by 3%, to 81 million. See Table 1. • Also during the second half of 2009, mobile wireless service subscribers with mobile devices and data plans for full Internet access increased by 48%, to 52 million. See Table 1. Residential subscribership • Residential fixed-location Internet access connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction increased by 3% during the second half of 2009, to 74 million. See Table 3. • Reported residential mobile wireless service subscribers with mobile devices and data plans for full Internet access increased by 53%, to 34 million, during the second half of 2009. See Table 3. Household adoption by speed tier • As a national average in December 2009, there were 32 residential fixed-location connections per 100 households for connections with speeds that were reported to be at least 3 mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream. The ratio was 63 connections per 100 households for all reportable residential fixed-location connections. 14 See Tables 15 and 16. Census tract and county shares of households with reportable connections • We estimate the share of households with fixed-location Internet access connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction in individual census tracts and counties as of December 31, 2009. Our estimates continue to indicate that there are substantial areas of relatively low and relatively high household adoption around the national average. See Charts 15 and 16. (OECD). This ratio incorporates connections to business locations into a comparison to persons. A more accurately measured indicator of this type would include only connections to residential locations, but OECD does not have comprehensive, consistent information about residential connections in the member countries. (We note that the ratio of accurately measured residential fixed-location connections to population has a maximum value for any given country and point in time – the value when every household is connected – if we assume that no household would have more than one fixed connection to its premises. For the United States in June 2009, for example, the maximum value would be 38 because there were 119.8 million households in the United States and inhabited insular areas and a population of 311.4 million.) 13 For consistency of presentation, we include only mid-year ratios in Figure 4. We calculated total fixed connections per 100 population using U.S. Census Bureau population estimates for the United States and Puerto Rico – which are as of July 1 each year – and Census 2000 population for the remaining inhabited insular areas. We calculated residential fixed connections per 100 households using U.S. household estimates from the Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey (CPS) for July of each year and Census 2000 households for the inhabited insular areas. (The CPS also estimates U.S. households for March and November of each year.) 14 Increases over time in the ratio of residential fixed-location connections to households indicate that increasing shares of households are connected at home. The ratio is somewhat different from the “take rate” of offered service because, as discussed in connection with Figure 3(a), some households are located in areas where apparently no fixed-location service is offered (as none is purchased). U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 11 • For both census tracts and counties, we continue to find estimates above 100% for the share of households with reportable fixed-location Internet access connections. These results suggest that some filers are not accurately assigning customer connections to census tracts, and anecdotal evidence supports that conclusion. 15 Household adoption rates and subscribership demographics • The report includes charts that illustrate correlations between household subscribership, or adoption, rates and demographic measures. We update charts based on income, household density, and education, and we add charts based on age and race. The data indicate that some demographic variables are correlated with the adoption of Internet access service. See Charts 17- 29. Maps of providers by census tract • Maps depict the number of providers of reportable connections by census tract. These maps are similar to previously published maps of providers by ZIP Code, but differ in important respects. In particular, instead of a single map combining providers of connections over all technologies and to both residential and business end users, now separate maps depict: (1) providers of total (combined residential and business) reportable fixed-location connections, (2) providers of residential reportable fixed-location connections, (3) providers of residential fixed-location connections at least 3 mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream, and (4) providers making reportable mobile wireless service available. 16 Remainder of the report. The remainder of the report consists of tables, charts, and maps that highlight different aspects of Internet access service subscriptions. This information is organized into four sections, as described below. As always, publicly accessible data that are too voluminous to include in this report are available online at http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html. • Detailed Summary Statistics: The Nation. Tables 1-14 and Charts 1-14 focus in order on: number of connections, speed of connections, technology of connections, and number of providers. • Detailed Summary Statistics: The States. Tables 15-24 present comparable information for the individual states and our estimates of the shares of households that are connected at different speeds. • Detailed Summary Statistics: Counties and Census Tracts. Charts 15-16 and Tables 25-29 present information about differences among counties and census tracts. This section concludes with two maps that illustrate differences among census tracts in the estimated share of connected households and the four maps (discussed above) that illustrate providers by census tract. 15 For example, while contacting Form 477 filers with questions about reported data, FCC staff continue to find situations in which all connections reported for a county have been assigned to a single, anomalous census tract. 16 As discussed in the Technical Notes, a mobile wireless provider should only report service availability in census tracts where the provider operates a network capable of sending or receiving data at speeds above 200 kbps. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 12 • Detailed Correlation Results: Demographic Measures. Charts 17-29 present details of the correlations observed between the estimated share of connected households and demographic measures. * * * * We invite users of this information to suggest improvements in the data analysis by using the attached customer response form or e-mailing comments to IATDreports@fcc.gov for subject: December 2009 Internet services data, and to participate in proceedings the Commission undertakes to improve the data collection. Detailed Summary Statistics: The Nation Contents of this section Number of connections Table 1 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2005-2009....................................15 Table 2 Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream 2008-2009 ..............15 Table 3 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2005-2009.................15 Table 4 Residential Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream 2008-2009 .........................................................................................................15 Speed of connections Chart 1 Distribution of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of December 31, 2009............................................................................................................16 Chart 2 Distribution of Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of December 31, 2009...................................................................................................17 Chart 3 Distribution of Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of December 31, 2009...................................................................................................18 Chart 4 Distribution of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of December 31, 2009...................................................................................19 Chart 5 Distribution of Mobile Wireless Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of December 31, 2009...................................................................................20 Table 5 Connections and Percentage Residential by Speed Tier as of December 31, 2009 ..........21 Table 6 Fixed Connections and Percentage Residential by Speed Tier as of December 31, 2009............................................................................................................22 Technology of connections Table 7 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2005-2009...........23 Chart 6 Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2009.....................................................23 Table 8 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2005-2009..........................................................................................................................24 Chart 7 Residential Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2009 ..................................24 Connections by speed and technology Table 9 Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2008-2009.................................................................................................25 Chart 8 Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology as of December 31, 2009..........................................................................25 Table 10 Residential Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2008-2009.................................................................................................26 Chart 9 Residential Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology as of December 31, 2009..........................................................................26 Chart 10 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2005-2009 (Shares of selected technologies) ......................................................................................27 Chart 11 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2005-2009 (Net adds for selected technologies)..................................................................................27 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 13 Chart 12 Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2009 (Shares of selected technologies for selected speeds) .......................................................28 Table 11 Residential Connections by Technology and Speed (BTOP/BIP Definition) as of December 31, 2009...................................................................................................29 Chart 13 Residential Connections (BTOP/BIP Definition) by Technology as of December 31, 2009...................................................................................................29 Table 12 Connections by Speed Tier and Technology as of December 31, 2009............................30 Table 13 Residential Connections by Speed Tier and Technology as of December 31, 2009.........31 Number of providers Table 14 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology as of December 31, 2009.................................32 Chart 14 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction: Selected Technologies 2005-2009 .........................................32 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 14 1 Table 1 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2005-2009 (In thousands) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Technology Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Total 50,930 64,992 82,525 100,986 121,222 132,814 100,770 113,669 133,148 Total Fixed 47,803 53,975 60,238 65,681 70,206 73,123 75,729 78,268 80,662 Mobile Wireless 1 3,128 11,017 22,288 35,305 51,016 59,691 25,040 35,401 52,486 Table 2 Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream 2008-2009 (In thousands) 2008 2009 Technology Dec Jun Dec Total 31,121 33,611 42,184 Total Fixed 30,988 33,387 39,364 Mobile Wireless 1 133 224 2,820 Table 3 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2005-2009 (In thousands) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Technology Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Total 43,965 50,941 58,344 66,173 73,984 79,090 84,817 94,231 108,386 Total Fixed 43,956 49,784 55,652 60,628 64,875 67,554 69,068 71,700 73,950 Mobile Wireless 1 9 1,157 2,692 5,545 9,109 11,536 15,749 22,531 34,435 Table 4 Residential Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream 2008-2009 (In thousands) 2008 2009 Technology Dec Jun Dec Total 29,127 31,557 39,786 Total Fixed 29,013 31,362 37,149 Mobile Wireless 1 114 196 2,638 1 Reporting instructions for mobile wireless changed between the June 2008 and December 2008 data. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Note: Some December 2008 and June 2009 data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 15 1 Chart 1 Distribution of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of December 31, 2009 Downstream Speed < 3 mbps; 57.5% >= 3 mbps & < 6 mbps; 12.1% >= 6 mbps; 30.3% <= 768 kbps 38.7% > 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 18.3% >= 1.5 mbps 0.5% > 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 5.8% <= 768 kbps 5.4% >= 1.5 mbps 1.0% > 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 14.7% >= 1.5 mbps 10.2% <= 768 kbps 5.4% Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands) Download Speed Upload Speed Less than 3 mbps At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps At least 6 mbps Total Less than 768 kbps 51,573 7,153 7,216 65,942 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 24,346 7,669 19,522 51,536 At least 1.5 mbps 676 1,350 13,644 15,670 Total 76,594 16,172 40,382 133,148 Percentages Less than 768 kbps 38.7 5.4 5.4 49.5 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 18.3 5.8 14.7 38.7 At least 1.5 mbps 0.5 1.0 10.2 11.8 Total 57.5 12.1 30.3 100.0 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 16 3 Chart 2 Distribution of Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of December 31, 2009 Downstream Speed < 3 mbps; 33.6% >= 3 mbps & < 6 mbps; 18.9% >= 6 mbps; 47.5% <= 768 kbps 27.9% > 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 4.9% >= 1.5 mbps 0.8% > 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 9.5% <= 768 kbps 8.7% >= 1.5 mbps 0.7% > 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 24.0% >= 1.5 mbps 14.6% <= 768 kbps 8.9% Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands) Download Speed Upload Speed Less than 3 mbps At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps At least 6 mbps Total Less than 768 kbps 22,465 7,003 7,194 36,663 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 3,965 7,626 19,347 30,937 At least 1.5 mbps 670 593 11,799 13,062 Total 27,101 15,222 38,340 80,662 Percentages Less than 768 kbps 27.9 8.7 8.9 45.5 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 4.9 9.5 24.0 38.4 At least 1.5 mbps 0.8 0.7 14.6 16.2 Total 33.6 18.9 47.5 100.0 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 17 4 Chart 3 Distribution of Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of December 31, 2009 Downstream Speed < 3 mbps; 51.1% >= 3 mbps & < 6 mbps; 13.1% >= 6 mbps; 35.7% <= 768 kbps 37.6% > 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 13.4% >= 1.5 mbps 0.1% > 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 6.5% <= 768 kbps 5.6% >= 1.5 mbps 1.1% > 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 17.4% >= 1.5 mbps 11.8% <= 768 kbps 6.6% Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands) Download Speed Upload Speed Less than 3 mbps At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps At least 6 mbps Total Less than 768 kbps 40,778 6,080 7,108 53,967 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 14,489 7,017 18,876 40,382 At least 1.5 mbps 144 1,139 12,754 14,037 Total 55,411 14,236 38,738 108,386 Percentages Less than 768 kbps 37.6 5.6 6.6 49.8 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 13.4 6.5 17.4 37.3 At least 1.5 mbps 0.1 1.1 11.8 13.0 Total 51.1 13.1 35.7 100.0 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 18 5 Chart 4 Distribution of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of December 31, 2009 Downstream Speed < 3 mbps; 32.2% >= 3 mbps & < 6 mbps; 18.1% >= 6 mbps; 49.8% <= 768 kbps 27.1% > 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 4.8% >= 1.5 mbps 0.2% > 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 9.4% <= 768 kbps 8.0% >= 1.5 mbps 0.6% > 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 25.3% >= 1.5 mbps 14.9% <= 768 kbps 9.6% Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands) Download Speed Upload Speed Less than 3 mbps At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps At least 6 mbps Total Less than 768 kbps 20,074 5,930 7,086 33,091 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 3,571 6,977 18,701 29,249 At least 1.5 mbps 140 464 11,007 11,610 Total 23,785 13,371 36,794 73,950 Percentages Less than 768 kbps 27.1 8.0 9.6 44.7 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 4.8 9.4 25.3 39.6 At least 1.5 mbps 0.2 0.6 14.9 15.7 Total 32.2 18.1 49.8 100.0 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part VI. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 19 6 Chart 5 Distribution of Mobile Wireless Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of December 31, 2009 Downstream Speed < 3 mbps; 94.3% >= 3 mbps & < 6 mbps; 1.8% >= 6 mbps; 3.9% <= 768 kbps 55.5% > 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 38.8% >= 1.5 mbps 1.4% >= 1.5 mbps 3.5% > 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 0.3% Mobile Wireless Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands) Download Speed Upload Speed Less than 3 mbps At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps At least 6 mbps Total Less than 768 kbps 29,107 150 22 29,280 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 20,381 43 175 20,599 At least 1.5 mbps 6 757 1,845 2,607 Total 49,494 950 2,042 52,486 Percentages Less than 768 kbps 55.5 0.3 0.0 55.8 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 38.8 0.1 0.3 39.2 At least 1.5 mbps 0.0 1.4 3.5 5.0 Total 94.3 1.8 3.9 100.0 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 20 7 Table 5 Connections and Percentage Residential by Speed Tier as of December 31, 2009 (In thousands) Download Speed Upload Speed Customer Class Greater than 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps At least 768 kbps and less than 1.5 mbps At least 1.5 mbps and less than 3 mbps At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps At least 6 mbps and less than 10 mbps At least 10 mbps and less than 25 mbps At least 25 mbps and less than 100 mbps At least 100 mbps Total Less than or equal to 200 kbps Total Connections 9,289 2,424 5,425 40 7 4 0 0 17,190 % Residential 68 96 49 81 92 93 0 0 66 Greater than 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps Total Connections 13,088 12,914 8,431 7,113 6,131 1,075 # 0 48,753 % Residential 77 94 86 85 99 97 30 0 87 At least 768 and less then 1.5 mbps Total Connections 4 18,893 5,449 7,669 * 5,174 1 * 51,536 % Residential 93 56 71 92 96 98 1 0 78 At least 1.5 mbps and less than 3 mbps Total Connections # # 617 1,128 3,048 * 29 * 12,207 % Residential 51 87 14 90 96 94 99 0 90 At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps Total Connections * * # 221 18 2,058 166 0 2,478 % Residential 99 0 87 57 46 96 65 0 90 At least 6 mbps and less than 10 mbps Total Connections * * 0 * 49 2 # 0 77 % Residential 100 1 0 67 59 75 30 0 72 At least 10 mbps and less than 25 mbps Total Connections 0 * * 0 * 780 56 * 852 % Residential 0 99 0 0 0 92 92 0 92 At least 25 mbps and less than 100 mbps Total Connections 0 0 * * 0 * 25 * 25 % Residential 0 0 0 72 0 0 13 0 13 At least 100 mbps Total Connections 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 29 % Residential 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 17 Total Total Connections 22,421 34,250 19,924 16,172 23,598 16,476 277 31 133,148 % Residential 74 73 70 88 97 96 69 15 81 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 21 8 Table 6 Fixed Connections and Percentage Residential by Speed Tier as of December 31, 2009 (In thousands) Download Speed Upload Speed Customer Class Greater than 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps At least 768 kbps and less than 1.5 mbps At least 1.5 mbps and less than 3 mbps At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps At least 6 mbps and less than 10 mbps At least 10 mbps and less than 25 mbps At least 25 mbps and less than 100 mbps At least 100 mbps Total Less than or equal to 200 kbps Total Connections 1,927 * * * 7 * 0 0 4,660 % Residential 87 96 62 82 92 93 0 0 90 Greater than 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps Total Connections 2,656 7,005 8,195 * * 1,075 # 0 32,003 % Residential 89 93 85 85 99 97 30 0 90 At least 768 and less then 1.5 mbps Total Connections 4 * 2,963 7,626 14,170 5,174 1 * 30,937 % Residential 93 84 92 91 96 98 1 0 95 At least 1.5 mbps and less than 3 mbps Total Connections # # 612 372 * 7,384 29 * 9,600 % Residential 51 87 14 91 97 94 99 0 89 At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps Total Connections * * # * 18 2,058 166 0 * % Residential 99 0 87 57 46 96 65 0 90 At least 6 mbps and less than 10 mbps Total Connections * * 0 * 49 2 # 0 77 % Residential 100 1 0 67 59 75 30 0 72 At least 10 mbps and less than 25 mbps Total Connections 0 * * 0 * 780 56 * 852 % Residential 0 99 0 0 0 92 92 0 92 At least 25 mbps and less than 100 mbps Total Connections 0 0 * * 0 * 25 * * % Residential 0 0 0 72 0 0 13 0 13 At least 100 mbps Total Connections 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 29 % Residential 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 17 Total Total Connections 4,626 10,438 12,036 15,222 21,556 16,476 277 31 80,662 % Residential 88 93 83 88 97 96 69 15 92 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 22 9 Table 7 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2005-2009 (In thousands) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Technology Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Total 50,930 64,992 82,525 100,986 121,222 132,814 100,770 113,669 133,148 Total Fixed 47,803 53,975 60,238 65,681 70,206 73,123 75,729 78,268 80,662 aDSL 19,515 22,584 25,413 27,793 29,449 29,964 30,198 30,618 30,971 sDSL 369 337 345 320 293 275 241 217 225 Other Wireline 373 472 545 622 605 665 705 686 716 Cable Modem 26,558 29,173 31,982 34,404 36,507 38,190 40,273 41,722 43,128 FTTP 1 298 547 894 1,281 1,849 2,346 2,884 3,543 3,975 Satellite 427 495 572 669 791 869 938 990 1,116 Fixed Wireless 257 361 483 587 707 808 486 487 525 Power Line and Other 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Mobile Wireless 2 3,128 11,017 22,288 35,305 51,016 59,691 25,040 35,401 52,486 1 Fiber to the premises. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Reporting instructions for mobile wireless changed between the June 2008 and December 2008 data. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Note: Some December 2008 and June 2009 data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. Chart 6 Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2009 aDSL 23.3% FTTP 3.0% Cable Modem 32.4% Mobile Wireless 39.4% All Other 1.9% U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 23 10 Table 8 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2005-2009 (In thousands) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Technology Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Total 43,965 50,941 58,344 66,173 73,984 79,090 84,817 94,231 108,386 Total Fixed 43,956 49,784 55,652 60,628 64,875 67,554 69,068 71,700 73,950 aDSL 17,371 20,152 22,768 24,962 26,475 26,950 26,488 27,029 27,388 sDSL 122 103 105 105 82 81 74 71 85 Other Wireline 7 9 13 12 17 32 42 44 51 Cable Modem 25,714 28,388 31,118 33,336 35,341 36,901 38,702 40,122 41,447 FTTP 1 213 444 764 1,153 1,683 2,139 2,717 3,344 3,754 Satellite 320 382 456 530 626 705 630 668 767 Fixed Wireless 203 301 424 523 644 741 410 417 453 Power Line and Other 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Mobile Wireless 2 9 1,157 2,692 5,545 9,109 11,536 15,749 22,531 34,435 1 Fiber to the premises. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Reporting instructions for mobile wireless changed between the June 2008 and December 2008 data. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Note: Some December 2008 and June 2009 data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. Chart 7 Residential Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2009 aDSL 25.3% FTTP 3.5% Cable Modem 38.2% Mobile Wireless 31.8% All Other 1.3% U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 24 11 Table 9 Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2008-2009 (In thousands) 2008 2009 Technology Dec Jun Dec Total 31,121 33,611 42,184 Total Fixed 30,988 33,387 39,364 aDSL 5,403 5,614 6,391 sDSL 5 9 19 Other Wireline 121 128 149 Cable Modem 22,709 24,242 28,988 FTTP 1 2,694 3,328 3,734 Satellite # # # Fixed Wireless 54 64 81 Power Line and Other 1 1 1 Mobile Wireless 2 133 224 2,820 # = Rounds to Zero. 1 Fiber to the premises. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Reporting instructions for mobile wireless changed between the June 2008 and December 2008 data. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Note: Some December 2008 and June 2009 data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. Chart 8 Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology as of December 31, 2009 aDSL 15.2% FTTP 8.9% Cable Modem 68.7% Mobile Wireless 6.7% All Other 0.6% U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 25 12 Table 10 Residential Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2008-2009 (In thousands) 2008 2009 Technology Dec Jun Dec Total 29,127 31,557 39,786 Total Fixed 29,013 31,362 37,149 aDSL 4,613 4,889 5,635 sDSL 1 2 10 Other Wireline 10 11 18 Cable Modem 21,777 23,236 27,856 FTTP 1 2,571 3,174 3,561 Satellite 0 0 0 Fixed Wireless 42 50 67 Power Line and Other 1 1 1 Mobile Wireless 2 114 196 2,638 1 Fiber to the premises. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Reporting instructions for mobile wireless changed between the June 2008 and December 2008 data. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Note: Some December 2008 and June 2009 data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. Chart 9 Residential Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology as of December 31, 2009 aDSL 14.2% FTTP 9.0% Cable Modem 70.0% Mobile Wireless 6.6% All Other 0.2% U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 26 13 Chart 10 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2005-2009 (Shares of selected technologies) aDSL Cable Modem FTTP All Other Fixed 58.5 39.5 55.9 40.9 54.5 2.6 40.8 56.0 3.9 38.3 56.0 5.1 37.0 57.0 40.5 55.0 41.2 54.6 3.2 39.9 56.0 4.7 37.7 P e r c e nt a ge of R e s i de n t i a l F i x e d C o nn e c t i on s 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Dec 2005 Jun 2006 Dec 2006 Jun 2007 Dec 2007 Jun 2008 Dec 2008 Jun 2009 Dec 2009 C onne c t i ons i n T hous a nds 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 Dec 2005 to Dec 2006 Dec 2006 to Dec 2007 Dec 2007 to Dec 2008 Dec 2008 to Dec 2009 Chart 11 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2005-2009 (Net adds for selected technologies) aDSL Cable Modem FTTP 5,398 3,707 12 901 5,404 4,223 3,361 2,745 551 919 1,035 1,037 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 27 14 Chart 12 Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2009 (Shares of selected technologies for selected speeds, connections in thousands) aDSL Cable Modem FTTP All Other Fixed 37.0 56.0 5.1 1.8 34.2 59.5 5.5 19.2 73.3 7.2 15.2 75.0 9.6 70.5 28.7 67.7 32.1 E s ti m a te d P e r c e n ta ge of H o us e hol ds 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Over 200 kbps in at least one direction At least 768 kbps downstream and over 200 kbps upstream At least 3 mbps downstream and over 200 kbps upstream At least 3 mbps downstream and at least 768 kbps upstream At least 6 mbps downstream and at least 1.5 mbps upstream At least 10 mbps downstream and at least 1.5 mbps upstream Connections 73,950 67,338 50,123 37,149 11,007 9,806 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 28 15 Table 11 Residential Connections by Technology and Speed (BTOP/BIP Definition) as of December 31, 2009 (In thousands) Technology At Most 200 kbps Upstream or less than 768 kbps Downstream Over 200 kbps Upstream and at least 768 kbps Downstream Total aDSL 4,367 23,021 27,388 sDSL 41 44 85 Other Wireline 3 48 51 Cable Modem 1,368 40,079 41,447 FTTP 21 3,733 3,754 Satellite 677 89 767 Fixed Wireless 132 321 453 Mobile Wireless 14,926 19,509 34,435 Power Line and Other 2 3 5 Total 21,539 86,847 108,386 # = Rounds to Zero. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. Chart 13 Residential Connections (BTOP/BIP Definition) by Technology as of December 31, 2009 Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. Note: The BTOP/BIP definition is advertised speeds of at least 768 kbps downstream and 200 kbps upstream to end users. aDSL 26.5% FTTP 4.3% Cable Modem 46.1% Mobile Wireless 22.5% All Other 0.6% U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 29 16 Table 12 Connections by Speed Tier and Technology as of December 31, 2009 (In thousands) 200 kbps or less Upstream Over 200 kbps Upstream Technology Download over 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps Download at least 768 kbps Subtotal Download over 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps Download at least 768 kbps and less than 1.5 mbps Download at least 1.5 mbps and less than 3 mbps Download at least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps Download at least 6 mbps and less than 10 mbps Download at least 10 mbps and less than 25 mbps Download at least 25 mbps Subtotal Total aDSL 1,076 1,494 2,571 2,085 6,067 9,030 9,574 1,284 361 1 28,401 30,971 sDSL 0 0 0 94 72 39 17 * * * 225 225 Other Wireline 0 0 0 63 74 430 77 27 21 24 716 716 Cable Modem 298 775 1,073 339 1,607 1,879 5,031 20,164 12,835 200 42,055 43,128 FTTP 6 # 6 20 48 103 405 63 3,246 83 3,969 3,975 Satellite 507 444 950 * * * * 0 0 0 166 1,116 Fixed Wireless 41 19 60 93 135 144 75 10 7 1 466 525 Mobile Wireless 7,362 5,168 12,530 10,432 23,804 2,728 949 * 0 * 39,956 52,486 Power Line and Other 0 0 0 * * * * 0 * * 5 5 Total 9,289 7,900 17,190 13,131 31,826 14,498 16,131 23,591 16,472 308 115,959 133,148 Percentages aDSL 3.5 4.8 8.3 6.7 19.6 29.2 30.9 4.1 1.2 0.0 91.7 100.0 sDSL 0.0 0.0 0.0 41.9 32.2 17.5 7.5 * * * 100.0 100.0 Other Wireline 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.7 10.4 60.0 10.8 3.7 2.9 3.4 100.0 100.0 Cable Modem 0.7 1.8 2.5 0.8 3.7 4.4 11.7 46.8 29.8 0.5 97.5 100.0 FTTP 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.5 1.2 2.6 10.2 1.6 81.7 2.1 99.8 100.0 Satellite 45.4 39.7 85.1 * * * * 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.9 100.0 Fixed Wireless 7.7 3.7 11.4 17.7 25.6 27.5 14.3 1.9 1.4 0.2 88.6 100.0 Mobile Wireless 14.0 9.8 23.9 19.9 45.4 5.2 1.8 * 0.0 * 76.1 100.0 Power Line and Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 * * * * 0.0 * * 100.0 100.0 Total 7.0 5.9 12.9 9.9 23.9 10.9 12.1 17.7 12.4 0.2 87.1 100.0 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 30 17 Table 13 Residential Connections by Speed Tier and Technology as of December 31, 2009 (In thousands) 200 kbps or less Upstream Over 200 kbps Upstream Technology Download over 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps Download at least 768 kbps Subtotal Download over 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps Download at least 768 kbps and less than 1.5 mbps Download at least 1.5 mbps and less than 3 mbps Download at least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps Download at least 6 mbps and less than 10 mbps Download at least 10 mbps and less than 25 mbps Download at least 25 mbps Subtotal Total aDSL 1,018 1,426 2,444 1,923 5,649 7,739 8,215 1,100 318 # 24,944 27,388 sDSL 0 0 0 41 27 6 9 * * * 85 85 Other Wireline 0 0 0 3 1 28 7 11 1 # 51 51 Cable Modem 272 770 1,042 326 1,561 1,757 4,659 19,676 12,287 140 40,405 41,447 FTTP 5 # 5 16 39 75 385 56 3,122 56 3,749 3,754 Satellite 356 318 674 * * * * 0 0 0 92 767 Fixed Wireless 34 17 51 82 117 125 64 8 6 # 403 453 Mobile Wireless 4,668 2,519 7,187 7,740 15,318 1,382 865 * 0 * 27,249 34,435 Power Line and Other 0 0 0 * * * * 0 * * 5 5 Total 6,352 5,050 11,403 10,136 22,725 11,190 14,203 22,797 15,735 196 96,983 108,386 Percentages aDSL 3.7 5.2 8.9 7.0 20.6 28.3 30.0 4.0 1.2 0.0 91.1 100.0 sDSL 0.0 0.0 0.0 48.8 32.3 7.1 10.6 * * * 100.0 100.0 Other Wireline 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.7 2.5 54.5 13.0 22.1 1.0 0.1 100.0 100.0 Cable Modem 0.7 1.9 2.5 0.8 3.8 4.2 11.2 47.5 29.6 0.3 97.5 100.0 FTTP 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4 1.0 2.0 10.3 1.5 83.2 1.5 99.9 100.0 Satellite 46.4 41.5 87.9 * * * * 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.1 100.0 Fixed Wireless 7.4 3.8 11.2 18.0 25.8 27.6 14.1 1.7 1.4 0.1 88.8 100.0 Mobile Wireless 13.6 7.3 20.9 22.5 44.5 4.0 2.5 * 0.0 * 79.1 100.0 Power Line and Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 * * * * 0.0 * * 100.0 100.0 Total 5.9 4.7 10.5 9.4 21.0 10.3 13.1 21.0 14.5 0.2 89.5 100.0 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 31 18 Table 14 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology as of December 31, 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Technology Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec aDSL 818 833 858 864 856 863 882 875 861 sDSL 269 256 257 242 233 238 264 257 260 Other Wireline 241 246 256 246 250 259 291 283 274 Cable Modem 242 254 279 282 292 296 342 351 342 FTTP 170 187 222 251 276 308 432 461 483 Satellite 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 Fixed Wireless 463 452 505 484 514 505 621 619 603 Mobile Wireless 15 19 24 19 22 24 47 48 51 Power Line and Other 7 6 6 6 7 6 5 6 6 Total 1,345 1,327 1,396 1,374 1,399 1,395 1,563 1,548 1,519 Note: Some December 2008 and June 2009 data have been revised. Multiple Form 477 filers within a holding company structure count as one provider. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. Chart 14 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction Selected Technologies 2005-2009 aDSL Cable Modem FTTP Mobile Wireless Num b e r of P r ov i de r s 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Dec 2005 Jun 2006 Dec 2006 Jun 2007 Dec 2007 Jun 2008 Dec 2008 Jun 2009 Dec 2009 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 32 Detailed Summary Statistics: The States Contents of this section Residential subscribership rates Table 15 Residential Fixed Connections (Approximating the National Broadband Availability Target) and Households by State as of December 31, 2009 (Connections with advertised speeds at least 3 mbps down and 768 kbps up) .................34 Table 16 Residential Fixed Connections and Households by State as of December 31, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction).......................................................35 End users of connections Table 17 Connections by Type of End User by State as of December 31, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction).......................................................36 Connections by speed and technology Table 18 Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction).......................................................37 Table 19 Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2009 (Connections at least 3 mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream) .................................30 Table 20 Percentage of Connections by Download Speed by State as of December 31, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction).......................................................41 Connections for selected technologies Table 21 ADSL Connections by State 2005-2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction).......................................................43 Table 22 Cable Modem Connections by State 2005-2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction).......................................................45 Number of providers Table 23 Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction).......................................................47 Reported availability for selected technologies Table 24 Percentage of Residential End-User Premises with Access to Services over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by State: xDSL Availability Where ILECs Offer Local Telephone Service and Cable Modem Availability Where Cable Systems Offer Cable TV Service.....................................................................................................49 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 33 19 Table 15 Residential Fixed Connections (Approximating the National Broadband Availability Target) and Households by State as of December 31, 2009 (Connections with advertised speeds at least 3 mbps down and 768 up and households, in thousands) State Connections Households Subscribership Ratio Alabama 323 1,867 0.17 Alaska * 252 * American Samoa 0 9 0.00 Arizona 905 2,464 0.37 Arkansas 131 1,144 0.11 California 4,580 12,634 0.36 Colorado 836 1,978 0.42 Connecticut 594 1,358 0.44 Delaware 204 343 0.59 District of Columbia 133 270 0.49 Florida 2,471 7,344 0.34 Georgia 916 3,697 0.25 Guam * 39 * Hawaii * 436 * Idaho 66 575 0.11 Illinois 1,444 4,803 0.30 Indiana 663 2,493 0.27 Iowa 150 1,197 0.12 Kansas 238 1,101 0.22 Kentucky 430 1,718 0.25 Louisiana 369 1,694 0.22 Maine 66 539 0.12 Maryland 1,284 2,158 0.59 Massachusetts 1,596 2,568 0.62 Michigan 1,268 3,808 0.33 Minnesota 687 2,046 0.34 Mississippi 109 1,098 0.10 Missouri 410 2,374 0.17 Montana 104 394 0.26 Nebraska 195 709 0.27 Nevada 334 1,008 0.33 New Hampshire 255 513 0.50 New Jersey 2,149 3,192 0.67 New Mexico 173 759 0.23 New York 3,141 7,339 0.43 North Carolina 308 3,737 0.08 North Dakota 75 262 0.29 Northern Mariana Isl * 14 * Ohio 543 4,540 0.12 Oklahoma 279 1,455 0.19 Oregon 629 1,522 0.41 Pennsylvania 2,163 4,927 0.44 Puerto Rico * 1,262 * Rhode Island * 410 * South Carolina 302 1,783 0.17 South Dakota 95 317 0.30 Tennessee 659 2,511 0.26 Texas 1,401 8,977 0.16 Utah 316 894 0.35 Vermont 111 248 0.45 Virgin Islands 0 41 0.00 Virginia 1,528 3,052 0.50 Washington 1,188 2,615 0.45 West Virginia 224 747 0.30 Wisconsin 454 2,220 0.20 Wyoming 74 219 0.34 Total 37,149 117,671 0.32 # = Rounds to Zero; * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI (Connections); Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2000 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands). U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 34 20 Table 16 Residential Fixed Connections and Households by State as of December 31, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction and households, in thousands) State Connections Households Subscribership Ratio Alabama 944 1,867 0.51 Alaska 168 252 0.67 American Samoa * 9 * Arizona 1,566 2,464 0.64 Arkansas 540 1,144 0.47 California 8,736 12,634 0.69 Colorado 1,346 1,978 0.68 Connecticut 1,019 1,358 0.75 Delaware 246 343 0.72 District of Columbia 175 270 0.65 Florida 4,980 7,344 0.68 Georgia 2,169 3,697 0.59 Guam * 39 * Hawaii * 436 * Idaho 311 575 0.54 Illinois 3,058 4,803 0.64 Indiana 1,386 2,493 0.56 Iowa 712 1,197 0.60 Kansas 690 1,101 0.63 Kentucky 913 1,718 0.53 Louisiana 924 1,694 0.55 Maine 346 539 0.64 Maryland 1,538 2,158 0.71 Massachusetts 1,920 2,568 0.75 Michigan 2,243 3,808 0.59 Minnesota 1,281 2,046 0.63 Mississippi 471 1,098 0.43 Missouri 1,336 2,374 0.56 Montana 224 394 0.57 Nebraska 443 709 0.62 Nevada 610 1,008 0.61 New Hampshire 393 513 0.77 New Jersey 2,457 3,192 0.77 New Mexico 403 759 0.53 New York 5,092 7,339 0.69 North Carolina 2,269 3,737 0.61 North Dakota 165 262 0.63 Northern Mariana Isl * 14 * Ohio 2,815 4,540 0.62 Oklahoma 755 1,455 0.52 Oregon 943 1,522 0.62 Pennsylvania 3,306 4,927 0.67 Puerto Rico 423 1,262 0.34 Rhode Island 285 410 0.70 South Carolina 982 1,783 0.55 South Dakota 189 317 0.60 Tennessee 1,285 2,511 0.51 Texas 5,232 8,977 0.58 Utah 575 894 0.64 Vermont 162 248 0.65 Virgin Islands 11 41 0.28 Virginia 1,960 3,052 0.64 Washington 1,700 2,615 0.65 West Virginia 389 747 0.52 Wisconsin 1,374 2,220 0.62 Wyoming 127 219 0.58 Total 73,950 117,671 0.63 # = Rounds to Zero; * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI (Connections); Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2000 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands). U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 35 21 Table 17 Connections by Type of End User by State as of December 31, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) Connections Percentages State Residential Business Residential Business Total Alabama 1,397 283 83.2 16.8 1,680 Alaska 254 74 77.4 22.6 329 American Samoa * * * * * Arizona 2,303 434 84.1 15.9 2,737 Arkansas 743 194 79.3 20.7 937 California 13,298 3,231 80.5 19.5 16,529 Colorado 1,967 455 81.2 18.8 2,422 Connecticut 1,447 337 81.1 18.9 1,784 Delaware 351 71 83.2 16.8 421 District of Columbia 313 209 60.0 40.0 521 Florida 7,027 1,572 81.7 18.3 8,600 Georgia 3,339 769 81.3 18.7 4,108 Guam 33 6 84.2 15.8 39 Hawaii 560 112 83.3 16.7 672 Idaho 459 97 82.6 17.4 555 Illinois 4,601 1,051 81.4 18.6 5,651 Indiana 1,891 440 81.1 18.9 2,332 Iowa 978 173 85.0 15.0 1,150 Kansas 968 212 82.0 18.0 1,180 Kentucky 1,193 274 81.3 18.7 1,467 Louisiana 1,464 371 79.8 20.2 1,835 Maine 445 79 84.9 15.1 524 Maryland 2,330 546 81.0 19.0 2,876 Massachusetts 2,723 551 83.2 16.8 3,274 Michigan 2,964 700 80.9 19.1 3,665 Minnesota 1,787 393 82.0 18.0 2,180 Mississippi 806 174 82.3 17.7 979 Missouri 1,850 477 79.5 20.5 2,326 Montana 311 57 84.5 15.5 368 Nebraska 553 127 81.3 18.7 681 Nevada 996 224 81.6 18.4 1,220 New Hampshire 518 94 84.7 15.3 612 New Jersey 3,713 816 82.0 18.0 4,529 New Mexico 603 107 84.9 15.1 710 New York 7,631 1,527 83.3 16.7 9,157 North Carolina 3,366 690 83.0 17.0 4,056 North Dakota 198 36 84.5 15.5 234 Northern Mariana Isl * * * * * Ohio 3,771 798 82.5 17.5 4,570 Oklahoma 1,149 296 79.5 20.5 1,444 Oregon 1,378 301 82.1 17.9 1,679 Pennsylvania 4,485 926 82.9 17.1 5,411 Puerto Rico 566 89 86.5 13.5 654 Rhode Island 401 87 82.2 17.8 488 South Carolina 1,353 272 83.2 16.8 1,625 South Dakota 230 38 85.8 14.2 268 Tennessee 1,939 459 80.9 19.1 2,398 Texas 8,646 2,378 78.4 21.6 11,024 Utah 853 216 79.8 20.2 1,069 Vermont 207 42 83.3 16.7 249 Virgin Islands 32 9 77.1 22.9 41 Virginia 2,948 752 79.7 20.3 3,700 Washington 2,533 654 79.5 20.5 3,187 West Virginia 498 102 83.0 17.0 599 Wisconsin 1,842 347 84.1 15.9 2,190 Wyoming 172 30 84.9 15.1 202 Total 108,386 24,763 81.4 18.6 133,148 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I and VI. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 36 22 Table 18 Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) State ADSL SDSL Other Wireline Cable Modem Fiber Satellite Fixed Wireless Mobile Wireless Power Line and Other Total Alabama 496 5 11 501 5 * 3 634 * 1,680 Alaska 77 4 # * # * 6 134 0 329 American Samoa * * 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 * Arizona 518 2 14 1,105 3 * 21 1,055 * 2,737 Arkansas 308 # * 265 3 * 1 336 0 937 California 4,568 17 * 4,303 459 * 26 6,964 0 16,529 Colorado 651 3 20 737 5 * 39 945 * 2,422 Connecticut * 2 5 655 2 * * 685 0 1,784 Delaware * # 4 * * * 0 157 0 421 District of Columbia * 1 5 * 1 * * 325 0 521 Florida 1,988 4 * 3,067 289 * 5 3,140 0 8,600 Georgia 1,256 2 * 1,056 22 * # 1,710 0 4,108 Guam * * * * 0 0 0 * 0 39 Hawaii * * 1 * 1 * * 316 0 672 Idaho 174 1 * 133 2 * 20 214 0 555 Illinois 1,556 7 * 1,647 7 * 38 2,327 0 5,651 Indiana 721 4 9 655 65 * 26 827 * 2,332 Iowa 362 3 * 360 15 * 24 365 0 1,150 Kansas 260 1 * 435 21 * 21 422 0 1,180 Kentucky 454 10 * 498 6 * 6 470 0 1,467 Louisiana 404 1 * 561 24 * 3 810 0 1,835 Maine 125 4 * 238 2 * 3 144 0 524 Maryland 405 3 17 796 * * 1 1,230 0 2,876 Massachusetts * 4 16 1,309 * * 2 1,233 0 3,274 Michigan 857 8 18 1,487 5 * 22 1,219 * 3,665 Minnesota 590 21 * 722 18 * 13 784 0 2,180 Mississippi 255 1 * 236 1 * # 453 0 979 Missouri 805 1 14 587 6 * 13 855 * 2,326 Montana 115 1 2 108 3 * 14 * 0 368 Nebraska 164 1 * 295 3 * 18 192 0 681 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 37 23 Table 18 - Continued Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) State ADSL SDSL Other Wireline Cable Modem Fiber Satellite Fixed Wireless Mobile Wireless Power Line and Other Total Nevada 229 1 6 * 2 * 3 554 0 1,220 New Hampshire 86 2 3 314 * * * 186 0 612 New Jersey 568 3 28 1,650 * * * 1,865 0 4,529 New Mexico 250 # * 162 2 * 16 265 0 710 New York 1,046 15 40 3,887 * * 2 3,643 0 9,157 North Carolina 969 1 * 1,444 11 * 1 1,572 0 4,056 North Dakota 67 1 1 93 16 * 6 * 0 234 Northern Mariana Isl * 0 * * * 0 * * 0 * Ohio 1,127 12 16 1,815 17 * 21 1,528 * 4,570 Oklahoma 359 # * 432 7 * 8 601 0 1,444 Oregon 367 7 * 559 71 * 7 642 0 1,679 Pennsylvania 1,218 8 19 1,891 * * 2 1,878 0 5,411 Puerto Rico * * 3 * * * * * 0 654 Rhode Island * 1 1 * * * * 180 0 488 South Carolina 428 1 * 602 20 * # 548 0 1,625 South Dakota 58 2 # 127 12 * 8 * 0 268 Tennessee 559 11 * 770 31 * 2 977 0 2,398 Texas 2,784 11 * 2,407 313 * 42 5,290 0 11,024 Utah 309 4 * 263 12 * 32 439 0 1,069 Vermont 81 * 2 86 5 * * 67 0 249 Virgin Islands * * * 0 0 * * * 0 41 Virginia 536 2 27 1,123 * * 6 1,582 * 3,700 Washington 593 5 13 1,140 54 * 9 1,344 * 3,187 West Virginia 161 * 2 229 1 * 2 185 0 599 Wisconsin 612 19 6 802 8 * 18 696 * 2,190 Wyoming 58 2 * 74 1 * 5 56 0 202 Total 30,971 225 716 43,128 3,975 1,116 525 52,486 5 133,148 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 38 24 Table 19 Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2009 (Connections at least 3 mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream, in thousands) State ADSL SDSL Other Wireline Cable Modem Fiber Satellite Fixed Wireless Mobile Wireless Power Line and Other Total Alabama 32 # * 304 2 * # 0 0 340 Alaska * * * * # * * 0 0 * American Samoa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Arizona * * 2 775 2 * # 0 * 937 Arkansas 23 * 1 113 1 * 0 0 0 138 California 698 * 15 3,608 433 * 7 * 0 4,760 Colorado * * 4 656 2 * 13 * * 885 Connecticut * * 2 588 2 0 * 0 0 620 Delaware * 0 # * * 0 0 0 0 217 District of Columbia * 0 2 * 1 0 * 0 0 148 Florida 228 # 21 2,088 * * 1 * 0 2,616 Georgia 84 * 6 846 16 * # * 0 997 Guam * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 * Hawaii * * # * 1 0 * * 0 334 Idaho 53 * # 17 1 * 4 * 0 82 Illinois 162 1 6 1,327 4 * 7 * 0 1,700 Indiana 142 * 1 499 60 0 1 * 0 708 Iowa 63 # 1 97 3 * * * 0 312 Kansas 27 # 1 214 7 * # * 0 249 Kentucky 84 * 1 358 2 * * * 0 456 Louisiana 4 * 1 359 16 * # 0 0 380 Maine 65 # # 19 2 * * * 0 125 Maryland * * 4 709 * * # * 0 1,369 Massachusetts * * 4 1,151 * * # 0 0 1,677 Michigan 104 1 * 1,206 4 * # 0 0 1,317 Minnesota 117 1 2 591 9 * # * 0 721 Mississippi 3 * # 115 1 * 0 0 0 118 Missouri 71 * 4 351 3 * # 0 0 429 Montana 16 # # * 1 * # 0 0 113 Nebraska 30 * * 174 1 0 1 0 0 207 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 39 25 Table 19 - Continued Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2009 (Connections at least 3 mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream, in thousands) State ADSL SDSL Other Wireline Cable Modem Fiber Satellite Fixed Wireless Mobile Wireless Power Line and Other Total Nevada 27 * 1 * 1 * 2 * 0 373 New Hampshire 43 * # * * * 0 * 0 282 New Jersey * * 8 * * * * * 0 2,511 New Mexico 53 * 1 130 1 * # * 0 185 New York 531 * 12 2,381 * * 1 * 0 4,056 North Carolina 144 * 5 193 7 * # * 0 443 North Dakota 12 * # * 5 0 * 0 0 81 Northern Mariana Isl * 0 0 0 * 0 * 0 0 * Ohio 307 * 3 305 13 * 1 * * 635 Oklahoma 23 * 1 * 4 * * * 0 330 Oregon 88 # 1 510 68 * # * 0 688 Pennsylvania 535 * 6 1,392 * * # * 0 2,525 Puerto Rico * * # * * 0 * 0 0 3 Rhode Island * * # * * 0 * 0 0 * South Carolina 40 * 2 267 14 * # * 0 325 South Dakota 15 0 * * 6 0 # 0 0 101 Tennessee 17 * 3 * 15 * # * 0 717 Texas 419 # 10 791 275 * 7 * 0 2,224 Utah * * 1 232 11 * 19 0 0 333 Vermont 47 * # * 3 0 0 * 0 123 Virgin Islands 0 0 * 0 0 0 * 0 0 * Virginia 289 * 8 957 * * 1 * 0 1,758 Washington 159 * 2 1,039 46 * 3 * 0 1,259 West Virginia * 0 # 157 # * * * 0 257 Wisconsin 72 3 1 395 5 * 2 * 0 652 Wyoming 10 * # * * * # 0 0 79 Total 6,391 19 149 28,988 3,734 * 81 2,820 * 42,184 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 40 26 Table 20 Percentage of Connections by Download Speed by State as of December 31, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Over 200 kbps Upstream and State % over 200 kbps Downstream % at least 768 kbps Downstream % at least 3 mbps Downstream % at least 6 mbps Downstream % at least 10 mbps Downstream Alabama 86.3 76.1 36.7 15.0 4.4 Alaska 83.3 72.6 24.7 11.2 3.3 American Samoa * * * * * Arizona 88.5 74.7 37.4 34.0 24.4 Arkansas 89.5 77.8 29.9 19.4 10.2 California 89.5 78.8 33.7 24.1 11.1 Colorado 89.9 78.0 39.5 35.9 3.0 Connecticut 89.2 78.8 40.1 31.6 17.7 Delaware 86.2 74.7 54.5 46.9 19.0 District of Columbia 73.1 61.7 29.6 18.9 6.1 Florida 88.4 82.3 44.1 34.3 13.8 Georgia 85.4 76.9 38.2 21.3 3.1 Guam * * * * * Hawaii 94.1 87.2 52.4 4.4 1.1 Idaho 85.3 72.0 38.0 10.6 2.8 Illinois 89.8 79.1 37.5 25.3 6.2 Indiana 86.3 75.0 38.3 27.1 8.8 Iowa 89.2 77.1 51.0 28.9 7.0 Kansas 86.5 77.2 36.4 26.9 15.8 Kentucky 88.3 81.3 46.3 28.3 24.4 Louisiana 88.7 83.0 35.0 20.4 13.9 Maine 86.3 80.5 59.5 38.9 2.6 Maryland 83.6 72.8 48.6 38.6 18.5 Massachusetts 85.9 77.4 52.9 40.4 15.6 Michigan 84.9 74.8 41.4 27.5 5.6 Minnesota 88.5 78.0 39.8 28.4 5.3 Mississippi 89.8 67.6 28.9 13.9 1.1 Missouri 87.3 77.8 31.6 14.4 5.5 Montana 77.8 59.8 33.2 28.2 1.9 Nebraska 83.7 72.0 45.4 30.4 4.0 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 41 27 Table 20 - Continued Percentage of Connections by Download Speed by State as of December 31, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Over 200 kbps Upstream and State % over 200 kbps Downstream % at least 768 kbps Downstream % at least 3 mbps Downstream % at least 6 mbps Downstream % at least 10 mbps Downstream Nevada 90.7 82.4 36.7 25.0 22.8 New Hampshire 83.9 73.6 58.6 46.6 8.6 New Jersey 84.7 74.5 56.8 49.7 31.9 New Mexico 87.1 71.7 32.3 25.5 1.9 New York 85.9 77.9 58.5 48.0 40.1 North Carolina 82.9 73.8 43.8 27.4 3.7 North Dakota 90.1 75.3 55.0 34.4 30.2 Northern Mariana Isl * * * * * Ohio 82.2 70.2 40.4 28.9 5.4 Oklahoma 91.9 86.3 34.5 21.2 18.0 Oregon 90.6 81.3 45.0 35.6 6.7 Pennsylvania 85.1 75.5 52.3 37.4 12.1 Puerto Rico 93.5 76.4 23.5 1.2 0.1 Rhode Island 88.3 81.0 53.8 46.5 46.0 South Carolina 80.5 69.0 43.1 25.0 4.1 South Dakota 85.3 72.7 56.6 36.1 33.2 Tennessee 83.7 70.8 38.5 23.0 3.0 Texas 88.5 79.5 38.2 26.6 5.0 Utah 91.7 80.3 35.6 29.7 3.7 Vermont 81.6 74.1 52.1 34.3 4.0 Virgin Islands 77.6 49.9 * * * Virginia 83.3 72.4 49.2 38.4 22.5 Washington 89.8 80.6 43.4 36.7 8.4 West Virginia 88.1 83.2 47.5 28.3 2.5 Wisconsin 89.6 80.6 47.2 21.7 6.9 Wyoming 86.9 66.8 42.9 36.0 1.5 Total 87.1 77.2 42.4 30.3 12.6 * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 42 28 Table 21 ADSL Connections by State 2005-2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 State Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Alabama 221 269 315 357 403 431 457 473 496 Alaska 43 54 60 64 68 72 75 77 77 American Samoa * * * * * * * * * Arizona 208 276 365 406 437 454 466 487 518 Arkansas 150 181 200 227 249 267 273 298 308 California 3,592 4,002 4,343 4,626 4,780 4,755 4,617 4,587 4,568 Colorado 333 405 473 530 573 575 624 641 651 Connecticut * * * * * * * * * Delaware * * * * * * * * * District of Columbia * * * * * * * * * Florida 1,509 1,723 1,873 1,960 2,046 2,045 2,005 1,962 1,988 Georgia 890 1,009 1,126 1,219 1,307 1,361 1,240 1,251 1,256 Guam * * * * * * * * * Hawaii * * * * * * * * * Idaho 82 98 113 129 142 154 160 169 174 Illinois 980 1,094 1,212 1,300 1,382 1,419 1,503 1,538 1,556 Indiana 379 443 515 584 636 651 672 699 721 Iowa 151 189 233 271 298 322 336 351 362 Kansas 160 179 203 225 236 241 243 250 260 Kentucky 213 251 303 340 367 385 421 431 454 Louisiana 207 236 271 306 333 354 385 390 404 Maine 73 90 105 115 118 120 114 123 125 Maryland 379 450 490 512 514 495 471 440 405 Massachusetts * * * * * * * * * Michigan 463 534 607 690 733 749 780 835 857 Minnesota 276 331 395 449 496 529 544 573 590 Mississippi 106 129 154 180 202 220 229 240 255 Missouri 399 468 546 618 683 712 727 767 805 Montana 57 70 83 96 102 108 108 111 115 Nebraska 81 95 112 124 135 143 151 158 164 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 43 29 Table 21 - Continued ADSL Connections by State 2005-2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 State Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Nevada 140 168 190 207 220 225 222 225 229 New Hampshire 72 85 94 98 100 97 91 91 86 New Jersey 540 638 704 735 735 700 666 624 568 New Mexico 105 131 157 180 200 217 231 242 250 New York 861 1,003 1,104 1,182 1,184 1,169 1,122 1,100 1,046 North Carolina 489 561 648 725 820 870 891 918 969 North Dakota 32 39 46 51 56 60 65 64 67 Northern Mariana Isl * * * * * * * * * Ohio 663 753 859 951 1,024 1,034 1,069 1,109 1,127 Oklahoma 222 247 277 302 324 334 338 349 359 Oregon 245 280 312 339 356 361 371 367 367 Pennsylvania 692 871 1,013 1,126 1,191 1,209 1,231 1,233 1,218 Puerto Rico * * * * * * * * * Rhode Island * * * * * * * * * South Carolina 206 243 285 323 359 386 400 412 428 South Dakota 26 33 40 46 48 53 56 58 58 Tennessee 294 348 397 447 499 535 541 549 559 Texas 1,514 1,733 1,997 2,294 2,464 2,475 2,608 2,706 2,784 Utah 160 189 222 250 270 284 299 280 309 Vermont 44 51 61 68 72 73 61 79 81 Virgin Islands * * * * * * * * * Virginia 384 446 505 548 568 561 553 547 536 Washington 427 491 534 569 592 600 599 596 593 West Virginia 69 87 105 124 138 147 152 160 161 Wisconsin 298 360 418 484 528 556 556 586 612 Wyoming 33 39 44 50 53 55 57 58 58 Total 19,515 22,584 25,413 27,793 29,449 29,964 30,198 30,618 30,971 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Some December 2008 and June 2009 data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 44 30 Table 22 Cable Modem Connections by State 2005-2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 State Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Alabama 285 311 342 374 399 417 460 482 501 Alaska * * * * * * * * * American Samoa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Arizona 679 761 838 850 897 992 1,044 1,043 1,105 Arkansas 137 149 184 205 214 236 248 254 265 California 2,735 2,957 3,156 3,411 3,603 3,799 3,990 4,157 4,303 Colorado 433 476 523 561 604 626 659 697 737 Connecticut 404 441 454 513 550 576 615 627 655 Delaware * * * * * * * * * District of Columbia * * * * * * * * * Florida 1,758 1,939 2,178 2,344 2,543 2,631 2,825 2,896 3,067 Georgia 584 650 743 802 862 904 974 1,035 1,056 Guam 0 0 0 0 * * * * * Hawaii * * * * * * * * * Idaho 74 75 109 116 123 127 121 130 133 Illinois 956 1,042 1,332 1,466 1,570 1,625 1,591 1,597 1,647 Indiana 445 490 370 410 439 456 626 649 655 Iowa 220 225 234 268 287 309 330 344 360 Kansas 273 317 321 351 369 380 415 419 435 Kentucky 269 306 333 384 435 482 452 483 498 Louisiana 255 379 420 446 485 481 518 546 561 Maine 132 146 152 169 179 197 202 224 238 Maryland 592 637 781 829 865 871 801 782 796 Massachusetts 886 955 1,044 1,088 1,136 1,159 1,291 1,253 1,309 Michigan 954 1,019 1,103 1,197 1,265 1,307 1,394 1,460 1,487 Minnesota 494 517 541 571 608 622 666 687 722 Mississippi 104 114 136 152 166 188 216 230 236 Missouri 353 401 444 473 498 517 560 562 587 Montana 45 54 65 74 83 90 92 102 108 Nebraska 201 218 239 238 252 262 278 286 295 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 45 31 Table 22 - Continued Cable Modem Connections by State 2005-2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 State Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Nevada * * * * * * * * * New Hampshire 188 202 210 230 240 250 285 294 314 New Jersey 1,205 1,312 1,386 1,474 1,538 1,586 1,637 1,631 1,650 New Mexico 89 100 109 117 127 137 146 159 162 New York 2,445 2,765 2,967 3,164 3,342 3,548 3,749 3,851 3,887 North Carolina 862 964 1,041 1,134 1,196 1,266 1,344 1,392 1,444 North Dakota 55 58 71 76 80 83 85 88 93 Northern Mariana Isl 0 0 0 0 * * * * * Ohio 1,065 1,185 1,303 1,406 1,498 1,627 1,705 1,757 1,815 Oklahoma 262 284 313 348 373 382 408 429 432 Oregon 375 407 453 490 531 554 517 531 559 Pennsylvania 1,075 1,164 1,256 1,271 1,399 1,492 1,800 1,807 1,891 Puerto Rico * * * * * * * * * Rhode Island * * * * * * * * * South Carolina 326 368 418 459 496 517 555 583 602 South Dakota 89 93 100 101 111 115 122 122 127 Tennessee 460 506 602 663 703 715 718 755 770 Texas 1,618 1,692 1,944 2,082 2,183 2,214 1,971 2,286 2,407 Utah * * * * * 212 * 244 263 Vermont * * * * * * 71 79 86 Virgin Islands 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Virginia 817 893 877 906 921 941 1,096 1,112 1,123 Washington 660 726 806 862 909 944 998 1,110 1,140 West Virginia 128 145 145 156 159 167 205 215 229 Wisconsin 497 543 592 637 676 711 759 779 802 Wyoming * * * * * * 64 70 74 Total 26,558 29,173 31,982 34,404 36,507 38,190 40,273 41,722 43,128 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Some December 2008 and June 2009 data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 46 32 Table 23 Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) State ADSL SDSL Other Wireline Cable Modem Fiber Satellite Fixed Wireless Mobile Wireless Power Line and Other Total Alabama 27 10 21 20 18 * 13 5 * 76 Alaska 12 4 5 4 4 * 7 5 0 20 American Samoa * * 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 * Arizona 22 7 23 10 21 * 15 6 * 69 Arkansas 20 6 12 14 8 * 8 5 0 52 California 31 17 39 19 26 * 28 7 0 105 Colorado 35 13 33 15 22 * 25 10 * 88 Connecticut 8 9 22 6 13 * * 4 0 38 Delaware 5 6 19 * 6 * 0 5 0 29 District of Columbia 11 8 24 * 11 * * 5 0 38 Florida 30 20 54 18 36 * 17 6 0 102 Georgia 36 15 34 33 36 * 8 7 0 105 Guam * * * * 0 0 0 * 0 4 Hawaii * 4 5 * 7 * * 6 0 18 Idaho 26 8 17 11 16 * 14 7 0 56 Illinois 57 23 42 20 20 * 50 10 0 139 Indiana 35 13 28 14 31 * 36 6 * 98 Iowa 125 39 28 40 56 * 64 9 0 200 Kansas 40 15 20 27 31 * 29 9 0 92 Kentucky 25 10 22 23 18 * 16 9 0 84 Louisiana 19 8 21 13 14 * 7 5 0 56 Maine 13 11 12 6 10 * 4 5 0 32 Maryland 12 10 28 12 13 * 8 7 0 59 Massachusetts 12 10 27 8 13 * 6 4 0 50 Michigan 41 21 37 15 22 * 24 9 * 98 Minnesota 56 23 24 18 40 * 28 6 0 104 Mississippi 20 7 18 14 8 * 4 6 0 54 Missouri 38 15 22 22 23 * 32 5 * 98 Montana 24 11 15 4 11 * 13 * 0 45 Nebraska 33 8 13 19 20 * 24 5 0 69 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 47 33 Table 23 - Continued Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) State ADSL SDSL Other Wireline Cable Modem Fiber Satellite Fixed Wireless Mobile Wireless Power Line and Other Total Nevada 17 11 20 5 13 * 7 6 0 48 New Hampshire 13 9 16 6 10 * * 5 0 37 New Jersey 17 14 41 5 17 * * 5 0 58 New Mexico 21 8 15 7 11 * 13 9 0 49 New York 42 19 47 17 28 * 14 6 0 102 North Carolina 26 11 27 20 23 * 8 9 0 76 North Dakota 27 9 12 7 16 * 15 * 0 43 Northern Mariana Isl * 0 * * * 0 * * 0 * Ohio 39 21 34 24 30 * 22 8 * 104 Oklahoma 40 10 23 14 16 * 13 11 0 80 Oregon 42 14 28 14 26 * 12 6 0 81 Pennsylvania 34 13 35 23 24 * 12 7 0 85 Puerto Rico * * 7 * * * * * 0 14 Rhode Island 6 6 12 * 6 * * 4 0 23 South Carolina 23 7 21 16 15 * 5 7 0 51 South Dakota 28 8 14 8 20 * 19 * 0 54 Tennessee 26 13 28 15 18 * 12 8 0 80 Texas 67 27 50 30 42 * 52 9 0 160 Utah 16 10 17 6 15 * 12 7 0 50 Vermont 10 5 14 4 6 * * 4 0 31 Virgin Islands * * * 0 0 * * * 0 7 Virginia 27 15 33 16 23 * 12 8 * 79 Washington 30 11 28 16 26 * 19 7 * 77 West Virginia 10 4 14 10 9 * 6 6 0 38 Wisconsin 46 18 23 15 24 * 23 9 * 92 Wyoming 11 7 8 4 5 * 9 6 0 34 Total 861 260 274 342 483 4 603 51 6 1,519 * Indicates one to three providers. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 48 34 Table 24 Percentage of Residential End-User Premises with Access to Services over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by State State xDSL Availability Where ILECs Offer Local Telephone Service Cable Modem Availability Where Cable Systems Offer Cable TV Service Alabama 80 92 Alaska 78 * American Samoa * 0 Arizona 87 99 Arkansas 80 85 California 90 99 Colorado 90 97 Connecticut * 100 Delaware * * District of Columbia * * Florida 91 98 Georgia 94 92 Guam * * Hawaii * * Idaho 82 98 Illinois 87 97 Indiana 82 92 Iowa 88 93 Kansas 86 95 Kentucky 85 93 Louisiana 85 94 Maine 77 96 Maryland 75 95 Massachusetts * 100 Michigan 75 96 Minnesota 90 97 Mississippi 78 93 Missouri 82 95 Montana 81 84 Nebraska 88 96 Nevada 90 * New Hampshire 77 98 New Jersey 86 100 New Mexico 89 89 New York 79 99 North Carolina 90 94 North Dakota 89 92 Northern Mariana Isl * * Ohio 86 95 Oklahoma 82 93 Oregon 84 97 Pennsylvania 87 96 Puerto Rico * * Rhode Island * * South Carolina 86 95 South Dakota 84 84 Tennessee 85 98 Texas 82 97 Utah 92 90 Vermont 82 71 Virgin Islands * 0 Virginia 68 98 Washington 84 97 West Virginia 67 90 Wisconsin 83 97 Wyoming 81 84 Total 85 97 * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: This table summarizes responses to Form 477 questions about service availability, as opposed to subscribership. xDSL includes both asymmetric and symmetric DSL. Each state-specific estimate is a weighted average of the availability percentages that ILECs or cable system operators report for the areas they serve. Reported xDSL availability is weighted by ILEC end-user switched access lines and VoIP lines. Reported cable modem availability is weighted by cable TV subscribers. The weighted averages include ILECs or cable system operators that report no availability. Figures are presented to the nearest percent. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and II; Warren Communications News, Inc., Television & Cable Factbook: Online (Cable General Information, February 2010). U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 49 Detailed Summary Statistics: Counties and Census Tracts Contents of this section All counties Chart 15 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households as of December 31, 2009...................................................................................................51 Table 25 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households by Technology as of December 31, 2009...................................................................................................52 All census tracts Chart 16 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households as of December 31, 2009...................................................................................................53 Table 26 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households by Technology as of December 31, 2009...................................................................................................54 Table 27 Percentage of Census Tracts with Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)..............55 Counties and census tracts in individual states Table 28 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by State as of December 31, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) ........................................................................................................56 Table 29 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State as of December 31, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) .......................................................................................................58 Maps: Residential subscription ratios by census tract Map 1 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction per 1,000 Households by Census Tract as of December 31, 2009 ....................................60 Map 2 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 768 kbps Downstream and 200 kbps Upstream per 1,000 Households by Census Tract as of December 31, 2009....................61 Maps: Number of providers by census tract Map 3 Providers of Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Census Tract as of December 31, 2009........................................................................62 Map 4 Providers of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Census Tract as of December 31, 2009........................................................63 Map 5 Providers of Residential Fixed Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Census Tract as of December 31, 2009 .................................64 Map 6 Providers of Mobile Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Census Tract as of December 31, 2009........................................................................65 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 50 35 Chart 15 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households as of December 31, 2009 Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates; and Census 2000. Note: Ratios over 1 were set to 1. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 Max 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% P e r c e n ta ge of Co un t i e s Number of Counties 3,232 Median 0.50 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households 19 25 32 51 92 161 235 289 365 380 377 383 291 185 146 81 55 16 12 37 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 51 36 Table 25 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households by Technology as of December 31, 2009 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households Technology Zero Greater than 0 and no more than 5% Greater than 5 and no more than 10% Greater than 10 and no more than 20% Greater than 20 and no more than 30% Greater than 30 and no more than 40% Greater than 40 and no more than 50% Greater than 50 and no more than 60% Greater than 60 and no more than 80% Greater than 80 and no more than 100% 100% or more aDSL 1.1 2.3 6.1 28.9 31.0 19.8 7.0 2.3 0.7 0.3 0.3 sDSL 79.2 19.3 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Other Wireline 92.6 7.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cable Modem 12.7 12.2 11.5 20.0 18.3 12.7 8.0 3.5 1.0 0.1 0.0 FTTP 67.6 24.8 2.8 2.4 1.3 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Satellite 0.9 89.0 8.7 1.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fixed Wireless 51.4 39.6 5.4 2.6 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Power Line 99.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 All Other 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total 0.1 0.5 0.8 2.6 7.8 16.2 23.1 23.5 21.8 2.7 1.0 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates; and Census 2000. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 52 37 Chart 16 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households as of December 31, 2009 Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates; and Census 2000. Note: Ratios over 2 were set to 2. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. 0 0.100.200.300.400.500.600.700.800.901.001.101.201.301.401.501.601.701.801.90Max 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 P e rc e nt a ge of T ra c t s Number of Tracts 66,287 Median 0.57 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 53 38 Table 26 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households by Technology as of December 31, 2009 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households Technology Zero Greater than 0 and no more than 5% Greater than 5 and no more than 10% Greater than 10 and no more than 20% Greater than 20 and no more than 30% Greater than 30 and no more than 40% Greater than 40 and no more than 50% Greater than 50 and no more than 60% Greater than 60 and no more than 80% Greater than 80 and no more than 100% 100% or more aDSL 4.5 10.1 10.6 26.1 20.8 13.2 7.0 3.5 2.5 0.8 0.9 sDSL 93.6 6.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Other Wireline 98.9 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cable Modem 6.0 4.6 4.9 14.5 17.4 16.4 14.0 9.5 8.6 2.4 1.7 FTTP 81.9 7.8 1.7 2.6 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.1 Satellite 45.6 50.0 3.4 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fixed Wireless 86.4 10.9 1.4 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Power Line 99.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 All Other 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total 0.8 0.6 0.8 3.8 8.1 11.5 14.0 13.8 22.9 13.3 10.4 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates; and Census 2000. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 54 39 Table 27 Percentage of Census Tracts with Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Number of Providers Technology Zero One Two Three Four Five Six Seven or More aDSL 4.5 44.1 36.8 12.0 2.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 sDSL 93.6 6.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Other Wireline 98.9 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cable Modem 6.0 79.5 13.7 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 FTTP 81.9 17.7 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Satellite 45.6 23.0 28.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fixed Wireless 86.4 10.8 2.2 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Power Line 99.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 aDSL and/or Cable Modem and/or FTTP 1.2 5.8 36.9 35.7 15.7 3.9 0.7 0.1 Any Technology 0.8 2.1 16.0 26.2 26.4 16.7 7.6 4.3 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI and Census 2000. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 55 40 Table 28 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by State as of December 31, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households State Counties Zero Greater than 0 and no more than 5% Greater than 5 and no more than 10% Greater than 10 and no more than 20% Greater than 20 and no more than 30% Greater than 30 and no more than 40% Greater than 40 and no more than 50% Greater than 50 and no more than 60% Greater than 60 and no more than 80% Greater than 80 and no more than 100% 100% or more Alabama 67 0 0 0 2 12 19 19 10 5 0 0 Alaska 27 0 0 0 4 3 3 3 3 11 0 0 American Samoa 5 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Arizona 15 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 3 6 1 0 Arkansas 75 0 0 0 0 10 38 17 9 1 0 0 California 58 0 0 0 1 0 2 10 13 30 2 0 Colorado 64 0 0 0 0 1 3 16 16 18 6 4 Connecticut 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 2 0 Delaware 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 District of Columbia 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Florida 67 0 0 0 0 3 9 11 5 34 5 0 Georgia 159 0 11 11 11 16 24 21 22 20 5 18 Guam 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Hawaii 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 Idaho 44 0 0 0 3 1 8 12 12 7 1 0 Illinois 102 0 0 2 2 6 9 28 29 22 3 1 Indiana 92 0 0 0 1 4 15 37 23 12 0 0 Iowa 99 0 0 0 0 0 2 29 48 20 0 0 Kansas 105 0 0 0 0 0 6 27 43 27 2 0 Kentucky 120 0 0 0 3 12 27 37 28 13 0 0 Louisiana 64 0 0 0 0 9 14 13 17 11 0 0 Maine 16 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 6 8 0 0 Maryland 24 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 2 13 4 0 Massachusetts 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 2 3 Michigan 83 0 0 0 5 3 15 20 25 14 1 0 Minnesota 87 0 0 0 1 1 7 24 32 21 1 0 Mississippi 82 0 0 0 5 37 18 10 8 4 0 0 Missouri 115 0 0 1 2 11 29 42 17 13 0 0 Montana 56 0 0 0 1 0 7 21 15 12 0 0 Nebraska 93 0 0 0 0 1 9 32 32 18 1 0 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 56 41 Table 28 - Continued Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by State as of December 31, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households State Counties Zero Greater than 0 and no more than 5% Greater than 5 and no more than 10% Greater than 10 and no more than 20% Greater than 20 and no more than 30% Greater than 30 and no more than 40% Greater than 40 and no more than 50% Greater than 50 and no more than 60% Greater than 60 and no more than 80% Greater than 80 and no more than 100% 100% or more Nevada 17 0 0 0 0 1 4 4 3 5 0 0 New Hampshire 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 2 0 New Jersey 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 9 1 New Mexico 33 0 0 0 0 5 6 10 8 3 1 0 New York 62 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 15 38 6 2 North Carolina 100 0 0 0 0 1 14 29 33 18 4 1 North Dakota 53 0 0 0 0 2 4 9 21 17 0 0 Northern Mariana Isl 4 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ohio 88 0 0 0 0 1 10 20 27 30 0 0 Oklahoma 77 0 0 0 1 12 21 25 11 7 0 0 Oregon 36 0 0 0 0 0 3 9 12 12 0 0 Pennsylvania 67 0 0 0 0 1 3 8 13 32 7 3 Puerto Rico 78 0 0 0 14 19 36 5 4 0 0 0 Rhode Island 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 0 South Carolina 46 0 0 0 0 10 7 14 9 5 1 0 South Dakota 66 0 0 0 0 4 11 14 21 15 1 0 Tennessee 95 0 0 1 3 11 32 28 14 6 0 0 Texas 254 0 1 6 13 28 60 67 35 40 4 0 Utah 29 0 0 0 0 1 1 5 13 8 1 0 Vermont 14 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 2 7 0 0 Virgin Islands 3 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Virginia 134 0 1 2 7 17 23 24 24 28 8 0 Washington 39 0 0 0 0 4 3 5 9 17 1 0 West Virginia 55 0 0 1 0 1 15 15 16 7 0 0 Wisconsin 72 0 1 0 0 1 2 9 35 23 1 0 Wyoming 23 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 11 6 0 0 Total 3,232 4 15 25 83 253 525 746 758 703 87 33 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI (Connections); Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2000 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands). U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 57 42 Table 29 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State as of December 31, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households State Tracts Zero Greater than 0 and no more than 5% Greater than 5 and no more than 10% Greater than 10 and no more than 20% Greater than 20 and no more than 30% Greater than 30 and no more than 40% Greater than 40 and no more than 50% Greater than 50 and no more than 60% Greater than 60 and no more than 80% Greater than 80 and no more than 100% 100% or more Alabama 1,081 1 6 18 95 178 200 177 119 159 69 59 Alaska 158 2 2 4 9 6 12 16 17 48 31 11 American Samoa 21 10 8 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 Arizona 1,107 16 15 17 61 104 114 146 154 225 112 143 Arkansas 624 1 6 9 40 124 144 110 65 75 33 17 California 7,049 41 15 28 178 335 574 821 940 1,964 1,213 940 Colorado 1,075 17 1 0 16 53 104 150 171 260 165 138 Connecticut 815 3 0 0 4 18 38 61 78 247 277 89 Delaware 197 1 0 2 5 18 20 27 22 27 30 45 District of Columbia 188 7 1 1 2 6 16 22 26 57 28 22 Florida 3,153 10 6 4 55 191 338 457 413 729 445 505 Georgia 1,618 6 65 36 108 192 214 222 179 245 142 209 Guam 56 10 0 0 2 3 3 3 6 12 5 12 Hawaii 286 7 1 0 3 4 6 21 31 112 63 38 Idaho 280 1 2 6 10 24 52 57 53 41 15 19 Illinois 2,964 19 8 14 67 191 349 447 463 788 385 233 Indiana 1,412 3 6 11 56 145 233 254 265 260 112 67 Iowa 793 2 1 0 4 24 77 166 216 235 44 24 Kansas 727 7 1 1 8 33 100 124 150 179 62 62 Kentucky 994 1 6 17 53 93 179 197 163 178 64 43 Louisiana 1,106 7 6 7 47 165 152 185 155 245 96 41 Maine 344 0 1 3 8 11 21 29 76 130 53 12 Maryland 1,216 8 1 6 53 86 87 118 121 286 231 219 Massachusetts 1,361 5 0 0 28 98 99 118 102 294 377 240 Michigan 2,716 14 9 17 131 245 274 366 409 681 385 185 Minnesota 1,300 6 5 8 11 52 123 210 256 383 154 92 Mississippi 605 0 2 11 73 139 126 92 44 76 22 20 Missouri 1,320 9 4 8 63 137 221 245 187 231 134 81 Montana 270 7 3 5 5 17 42 49 53 60 18 11 Nebraska 503 4 0 0 1 23 76 99 105 116 40 39 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 58 43 Table 29 - Continued Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State as of December 31, 2009 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households State Tracts Zero Greater than 0 and no more than 5% Greater than 5 and no more than 10% Greater than 10 and no more than 20% Greater than 20 and no more than 30% Greater than 30 and no more than 40% Greater than 40 and no more than 50% Greater than 50 and no more than 60% Greater than 60 and no more than 80% Greater than 80 and no more than 100% 100% or more Nevada 487 10 3 15 30 48 73 61 57 90 45 55 New Hampshire 272 0 0 0 2 3 4 13 37 101 73 39 New Jersey 1,944 14 2 6 30 92 135 170 175 419 460 441 New Mexico 456 18 18 15 32 46 64 63 57 76 38 29 New York 4,898 101 6 9 50 219 525 740 673 1,089 721 765 North Carolina 1,555 2 2 5 54 150 221 263 245 302 177 134 North Dakota 227 6 0 1 3 15 18 38 54 64 22 6 Northern Mariana Isl 21 1 0 4 11 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ohio 2,934 14 1 9 72 227 327 415 482 833 393 161 Oklahoma 990 4 9 15 71 103 180 176 129 165 87 51 Oregon 755 1 0 2 2 29 78 121 156 234 89 43 Pennsylvania 3,134 35 34 8 147 276 285 300 320 705 555 469 Puerto Rico 823 12 47 61 190 170 118 87 42 40 21 35 Rhode Island 233 0 0 0 7 24 18 24 21 44 51 44 South Carolina 867 4 2 6 66 134 159 118 85 149 72 72 South Dakota 235 16 3 1 7 20 33 36 33 56 23 7 Tennessee 1,261 8 4 19 78 202 226 230 149 193 80 72 Texas 4,388 22 50 65 308 574 678 627 518 756 380 410 Utah 496 6 3 2 8 22 34 75 98 129 66 53 Vermont 179 0 0 0 3 4 14 23 40 58 25 12 Virgin Islands 32 0 5 4 4 4 6 0 4 4 1 0 Virginia 1,530 6 9 20 84 117 139 209 172 361 237 176 Washington 1,318 2 2 5 24 48 115 164 218 406 204 130 West Virginia 466 1 2 10 31 61 63 70 82 90 45 11 Wisconsin 1,320 8 2 2 15 76 124 222 243 425 134 69 Wyoming 127 1 0 1 3 5 7 21 35 40 11 3 Total 66,287 517 385 518 2,529 5,389 7,639 9,255 9,164 15,172 8,816 6,903 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI (Connections); Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2000 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands). U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 59 Symbology Connections per 1000 Households Zero Zero < x <= 200 200 < x <= 400 400 < x <= 600 600 < x <= 800 800 < x Map 1 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction per 1,000 Households by Census Tract as of December 31, 2009 Puerto Rico i Hawaii ii Alaska This map shows the number of residential connections per 1,000 households by census tract. Connections have information transfer rates greater than 200 kbps in at least one direction and include all technologies except terrestrial mobile wireless. Connections data are from FCC Form 477 Part VI. The census tract boundaries are from ESRI. Household counts for tracts in the U.S. are 2010 estimates from Geolytics. Household counts for the territories are from Census 2000. For more information about census tracts please see Census 2000 Summary File 3 Technical Documentation, page A-11. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 60 Symbology Connections per 1000 Households Zero Zero < x <= 200 200 < x <= 400 400 < x <= 600 600 < x <= 800 800 < x Map 2 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 768 kbps Downstream and 200 kbps Upstream per 1,000 Households by Census Tract as of December 31, 2009 Puerto Rico i Hawaii ii Alaska This map shows the number of residential connections per 1,000 households by census tract. Connections have information transfer rates greater than 200 kbps upstream and at least 768 kbps downstream. All technologies except terrestrial mobile wireless are included. Connections are from FCC Form 477 Part VI. The census tract boundaries are from ESRI. Household counts for tracts in the U.S. are 2010 estimates from Geolytics. Household counts for the territories are from Census 2000. For more information about census tracts please see Census 2000 Summary File 3 Technical Documentation, page A-11. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 61 Symbology Provider Count (exc. Mobile Wireless) Zero 1 to 3 4 to 6 7 or more Map 3 Providers of Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Census Tract as of December 31, 2009 Puerto Rico i Hawaii ii Alaska This map shows the number of providers of fixed connections by census tract. Connections have information transfer rates greater than 200 kbps in at least one direction and include all technologies except terrestrial mobile wireless. Provider data are from FCC Form 477 Part VI. The census tract boundaries are from ESRI. For more information about census tracts please see Census 2000 Summary File 3 Technical Documentation, page A-11. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 62 Symbology Provider Count (exc. Mobile Wireless) Zero 1 to 3 4 to 6 7 or more Map 4 Providers of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Census Tract as of December 31, 2009 Puerto Rico i Hawaii ii Alaska This map shows the number of providers of fixed connections by census tract. A provider is counted only if it reported residential connections in the tract. Connections have information transfer rates greater than 200 kbps in at least one direction and include all technologies except terrestrial mobile wireless. Provider data are from FCC Form 477 Part VI. The census tract boundaries are from ESRI. For more information about census tracts please see Census 2000 Summary File 3 Technical Documentation, page A-11. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 63 Symbology Provider Count (exc. Mobile Wireless) Zero 1 to 3 4 to 6 7 or more Map 5 Providers of Residential Fixed Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Census Tract as of December 31, 2009 Puerto Rico i Hawaii ii Alaska This map shows the number of providers of fixed connections by census tract. A provider is counted only if it reported residential connections in the tract. Connections have information transfer rates of at least 3 mbps downstream and at least 768 kbps upstream and include all technologies except terrestrial mobile wireless. Provider data are from FCC Form 477 Part VI. The census tract boundaries are from ESRI. For more information about census tracts please see Census 2000 Summary File 3 Technical Documentation, page A-11. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 64 Symbology Providers (Mobile Wireless) Zero 1 to 3 4 to 6 7 or more Map 6 Providers of Mobile Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Census Tract as of December 31, 2009 Puerto Rico i Hawaii ii Alaska This map shows the number of potential providers of mobile connections with information transfer rates greater than 200 kbps in at least one direction by census tract. Providers are counted if they indicate that service is available in a tract over a network the provider operates. Provider data are from FCC Form 477 Part VI. The census tract boundaries are from ESRI. For more information about census tracts please see Census 2000 Summary File 3 Technical Documentation, page A-11. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 65 Detailed Correlation Results: Demographic Measures Contents of this section Household income Chart 17 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Income Deciles as of December 31, 2009 ............................................67 Chart 18 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Income Deciles as of December 31, 2009............68 Household density Chart 19 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Density Deciles as of December 31, 2009............................................69 Chart 20 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Density Deciles as of December 31, 2009 ...........70 Education Chart 21 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Share of College Graduates in Deciles as of December 31, 2009 ........71 Chart 22 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share of Population with a College Degree (in Deciles) as of December 31, 2009 ...............................................................................72 Age Chart 23 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Average Age in Deciles as of December 31, 2009...............................73 Chart 24 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Average Age of County Population (in Deciles) as of December 31, 2009 ..............................................................................74 Race Chart 25 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Share White Alone in Deciles as of December 31, 2009..........................75 Chart 26 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share White Alone (in Deciles) as of December 31, 2009...................................................................................................76 Technology and household density Chart 27 Subscribership Ratios by Technology and Tract Household Density as of December 31, 2009............................................................................................................77 Income and household density Chart 28 Average Subscribership Ratios by Income and Household Density as of December 31, 2009............................................................................................................78 Chart 29 Median Ratios of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Income and Density..............................................................79 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 66 44 Chart 17 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Income Deciles as of December 31, 2009 (County Data) Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (Median household income in 1999). one direction across all counties in decile N and all deciles less than N to the number of households in all the counties in decile N and deciles less than N. decile to the sum of households across counties in the decile. The height of the blue, cumulative bar for decile N represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least Census Bureau. For each decile, the height of any red, non-cumulative bar represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction across counties in the This chart shows cumulative and non-cumulative subscribership ratios by income deciles. Counties were grouped into income deciles based on county median household income in 1999, as reported by the Lower Income Counties Ranked by Median Household Income, in Deciles Higher Income Cumulative Not Cumulative 0.35 0.35 0.40 0.44 0.41 0.45 0.44 0.49 0.46 0.53 0.49 0.55 0.51 0.58 0.54 0.61 0.58 0.64 0.63 0.74 S u bscr i b er s h i p R a t i o 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 12345678910 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 67 45 Max Q1 Q3 Median Min Chart 18 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Income Deciles as of December 31, 2009 Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (Median household income in 1999). observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is any data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1. but note also that + denotes the position of the averageresidential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in the income decile. Some of the features are labeled, 12345678910 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 S ubsc r i b e r shi p R a ti o Lower Income Median Household Income in 1999 by Decile Higher Income Subscribership Ratio Average 0.33 Median 0.34 0.40 0.40 0.42 0.42 0.45 0.45 0.48 0.48 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.59 0.60 0.71 0.71 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 68 46 Chart 19 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Density Deciles as of December 31, 2009 (County Data) Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (County land area). fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction across all counties in decile N and all deciles less than N to the number of households in all the counties in decile N and deciles less than N. in at least one direction across counties in the decile to the sum of households across counties in the decile. The height of the blue, cumulative bar for decile N represents the ratio of the sum of residential county households in 2010 to county land area from the Census Bureau. For each decile, the height of any red, non-cumulative bar represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over 200 kbps This chart shows cumulative and non-cumulative subscribership ratios by density deciles. Counties were grouped into density deciles based on households per square mile, calculated as the ratio of estimated Lower Density Counties Ranked by Household Density, in Deciles Higher Density Cumulative Not Cumulative 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.49 0.48 0.48 0.45 0.47 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.54 0.52 0.58 0.58 0.65 0.63 0.68 S u bscr i b er s h i p R a t i o 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 12345678910 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 69 47 Max Q1 Q3 Median Min Chart 20 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Density Deciles as of December 31, 2009 Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (County land area). observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is any data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1. but note also that + denotes the position of the average residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in the density decile. Some of the features are labeled, 12345678910 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 S ubsc r i b e r shi p R a ti o Lower Density County Household Density by Decile Higher Density Subscribership Ratio Average 0.48 Median 0.48 0.48 0.49 0.42 0.43 0.41 0.42 0.43 0.43 0.46 0.45 0.50 0.48 0.55 0.53 0.62 0.62 0.60 0.64 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 70 48 Chart 21 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Share of College Graduates in Deciles as of December 31, 2009 (County Data) Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (County educational attainment). residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction across all counties in decile N and all deciles less than N, to the number of households in all the counties in decile N and deciles less than N. 200 kbps in at least one direction across counties in the decile to the sum of households across counties in the decile. The height of the blue, cumulative bar for decile N represents the ratio of the sum of least 25 years of age with a college degree or higher educational attainment. For each decile, the height of any red, non-cumulative bar represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over This chart shows cumulative and non-cumulative subscribership ratios by county share of college graduates in deciles. Counties were grouped into deciles based on the share of the county population at Lower Share Counties Ranked by Share of College Graduates, in Deciles Higher Share Cumulative Not Cumulative 0.37 0.37 0.41 0.44 0.43 0.45 0.44 0.46 0.46 0.51 0.48 0.55 0.51 0.59 0.53 0.59 0.57 0.64 0.63 0.71 S u bscr i b er s h i p R a t i o 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 12345678910 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 71 49 Max Q1 Q3 Median Min Chart 22 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share of Population with a College Degree (in Deciles) as of December 31, 2009 Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (County educational attainment). observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is a data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1. but note also that + denotes the position of the average residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in the share decile. Some of the features are labeled, 12345678910 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 S ubsc r i b e r shi p R a ti o Lower Share County Share of College Graduates by Decile Higher Share Subscribership Ratio Average 0.35 Median 0.35 0.40 0.40 0.41 0.41 0.44 0.44 0.47 0.47 0.50 0.51 0.53 0.54 0.55 0.55 0.60 0.61 0.70 0.71 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 72 50 Chart 23 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Average Age in Deciles as of December 31, 2009 (County Data) Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (County average age). across all counties in decile N and all deciles less than N, to the number of households in all the counties in decile N and deciles less than N. households across counties in the decile. The height of the blue, cumulative bar for decile N represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction decile, the height of any red, non-cumulative bar represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction across counties in the decile to the sum of This chart shows cumulative and non-cumulative subscribership ratios by county average age in deciles. Counties were grouped into deciles based on the average age of the county population. For each Lower Average Age Counties Ranked by Average Age, in Deciles Higher Avergage Age Cumulative Not Cumulative 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.65 0.64 0.62 0.64 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.61 0.63 0.61 0.63 0.58 0.63 0.56 0.63 0.67 S u bscr i b er s h i p R a t i o 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 12345678910 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 73 51 Max Q1 Q3 Median Min Chart 24 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Average Age of County Population (in Deciles) as of December 31, 2009 Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (County average age). observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is a data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1. but note also that + denotes the position of the average residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in the average age decile. Some of the features are labeled, 12345678910 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 S ubsc r i b e r shi p R a ti o Lower Average Age County Average Age by Decile Higher Average Age Subscribership Ratio Average 0.51 Median 0.53 0.53 0.55 0.51 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.47 0.47 0.48 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.49 0.49 0.51 0.52 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 74 83 Chart 25 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Share White Alone in Deciles as of December 31, 2009 (County Data) Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (Race). one direction across all counties in decile N and all deciles less than N, to the number of households in all the counties in decile N and deciles less than N. in the decile to the sum of households across counties in the decile. The height of the blue, cumulative bar for decile N represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least reported their race as white alone. For each decile,the height of any red, non-cumulative bar represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction across counties This chart shows cumulative and non-cumulative subscribership ratios by the share of county population white alone in deciles. Counties were grouped into deciles based on the share of the county population that Lower Share Counties Ranked by Share of Population White, in Deciles Higher Share Cumulative Not Cumulative 0.60 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.63 0.64 0.64 0.67 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.63 0.64 0.62 0.63 0.59 0.63 0.53 0.63 0.50 S u bscr i b er s h i p R a t i o 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 12345678910 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Data as of December 31, 2009 75 2 Max Q1 Q3 Median Min Chart 26 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share White Alone (in Deciles) as of December 31, 2009 Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (Race). is a data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1. residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and deciles based on the share of the county population that reported their race as white alone. Some of the features are labeled, but note also that + denotes the position of the average Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in each race decile. Counties were grouped into 12345678910 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 S u b scr i b er sh i p R a ti o Lower Share County Share White Alone by Decile Higher Share Subscribership Ratio Average 0.39 Median 0.36 0.47 0.46 0.49 0.48 0.53 0.52 0.52 0.53 0.53 0.54 0.53 0.52 0.52 0.53 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.48 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 76 54 Lowest Density Highest Density Chart 27 Subscribership Ratios by Technology and Tract Household Density as of December 31, 2009 (Residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2009); and Census 2000 (Tract land area). connections to households across tracts in the percentile. estimated tract households in 2010 to tract land area from the Census Bureau. For each percentile, the height of the bar represents the household-weighted average ratio of residential fixed This chart shows subscribership ratios by technology and household density. Tracts were grouped into 100 density percentiles based on households per square mile, calculated as the ratio of aDSL Cable Modem FTTP Satellite Fixed Wireless P e rc e n t a ge of R e s i de n t i a l Fi x e d H i g h - S p e e d C o nn e c t i o ns 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 77 55 Richest Poorest Lowest Density Highest Density 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Chart 28 Average Subscribership Ratios by Income and Household Density as of December 31, 2009 (Residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction by Tract) Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2009); and Census 2000 (Tract land area, Median household income). residential fixed connections to households across tracts in the decile. estimated tract households in 2010 to tract land area from the Census Bureau, and median household income. For each quantile, the height of the bar represents the household-weighted average ratio of This chart shows subscribership ratios by household density and income quantiles. Tracts were grouped into 400 density/income quantiles based on households per square mile, calculated as the ratio of U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 78 56 M edi a n R ati o of C onn e c t i ons to H o u s ehol d s 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Lower Density Tract Density (Households per Square Mile) in Deciles Higher Density 12345678910 Chart 29 Median Ratios of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Income and Density Tract Data as of December 31, 2009 Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (Median household income in 1999). Tract Median Income in Deciles less than $22,907 $22,907 to $28,245 $28,245 to $32,004 $32,004 to $35,699 $35,699 to $39,615 $39,615 to $43,859 $43,859 to $49,750 $49,750 to $57,281 $57,281 to $70,136 more than $70,136 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 79 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 80 Technical Notes General Detailed information about FCC Form 477 reporting requirements is available at http://www.fcc.gov/form477/. Wherever a number of providers is cited in this report, multiple Form 477 filers within a holding company structure count as one provider. Form 477 collects information about Internet access connections in service to end-user locations that are advertised to deliver information to and/or from the end user – that is, in at least one direction – at transfer rates (“speeds”) above 200 kilobits per second (kbps). Information is collected about connections in 72 speed tiers (nine upstream tiers and eight downstream) defined by ranges of upstream speeds and downstream speeds. Connections are further categorized by the technology employed by the part of the connection that terminates at the end-user location. “End users” are residential, business, institutional, or government entities who use services for their own purposes and who do not resell such services to other entities. Facilities-based providers report information about connections they provide directly to their own end-user customers and also connections that they provide to Internet Service Providers for resale to end users. For Form 477 purposes, the facilities-based provider of a connection is the entity that owns the portion of the physical facility that terminates at the end-user location, obtains an unbundled network element (UNE), special access line, or other leased facility that terminates at the end-user location and provisions/equips it as a connection that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction, or provisions/equips a wireless channel that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction to the end-user location over licensed spectrum or over spectrum that the provider uses on an unlicensed basis. The mutually exclusive Form 477 technology categories are: asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (“aDSL” in this report), symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (“sDSL”), other wireline, cable modem, optical fiber to the end-user premises (“FTTP”), satellite, fixed wireless (using licensed or unlicensed spectrum), mobile wireless (using licensed or unlicensed spectrum), electric power line, and all other (which is included to capture deployment of additional technologies over time). In the Form 477 data collection, aDSL-based services delivered over fiber-to-the-node architecture are reported in the aDSL category. The other wireline category comprises T1/DS1, T3/DS3, and other copper-based connections, not elsewhere categorized, that deliver Internet access service at the end-user location. Ethernet connections delivering Internet access service are reported in the other wireline category if the connection terminates over copper and in the FTTP category if the connection terminates over fiber. Connections deployed over hybrid fiber-coax (HFC) architecture are reported in the cable modem category. Wireless ISPs (“WISPs”) report in the fixed wireless category if providing service to dispersed, fixed end-user locations and report in the mobile wireless category if providing a commercial service that can be received at any location within a service footprint. Wireless local area networks (such as Wi-Fi hotspots) that only enable local distribution and sharing of a premises connection are not included, although the shared premises connection is included. Numbers of connections presented in this report are not adjusted for the number of persons at a single end-user location who have access to, or who use, the Internet access services delivered over the connection to that location. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 81 Numbers of residential connections are estimated based on the total connections and percentage- residential connections information reported on Form 477. Census tracts Starting with data as of December 31, 2008, facilities-based providers of reportable fixed-location Internet access connections must report connection counts and percentage residential information at the census tract level of detail. Because of the inherent mobility of their service, facilities-based mobile wireless providers do not report subscriber counts by census tract. Instead, they report the census tracts in the state that best represent the areas where service is available over the provider’s own network, for each of the speed tiers in which the provider offers service. For the 2000 decennial census, the Census Bureau assigned a default census tract code of 000000 to some coastal and Great Lakes water and territorial sea. These default-code tracts are not included in the statistics presented in this report, which therefore summarize data for 66,287 census tracts. According to GeoLytics, Inc. estimates for 2009, fewer than 200 census tracts have population but no households because the population resides in group living quarters. For the purpose of estimating residential subscribership rates by census tract, we assume these census tracts have no reportable residential Internet access service because persons residing in group quarters would have Internet access over a business connection provided to the operator of the group quarters. Therefore, these census tracts are included in the “zero” column. Decline in reported mobile wireless connections between June 2008 and December 2008 Changed reporting instructions starting in December 2008 caused a one-time decrease in the reported number of mobile wireless Internet access service connections, from about 60 million in June 2008 to about 25 million in December 2008. For reporting periods through June 30, 2008, Form 477 had instructed mobile wireless providers to report the number of subscribers whose mobile device (such as a wireless modem laptop card, smartphone, or handset) was capable of sending or receiving data at speeds above 200 kbps. The Commission found these instructions insufficiently precise to enable it to determine, from the reported data, the number of subscribers making regular use of Internet access service above 200 kbps as part of their mobile service package. Starting with the December 31, 2008 data, therefore, Form 477 requires mobile wireless providers to report the number of subscribers that have a capable device (as discussed above) for which the subscription includes a data plan for transferring, on a monthly basis, either a specified or an unlimited amount of data to and from Internet sites of the subscriber’s choice, and excluding subscribers whose choice of content is restricted to only customized- for-mobile content (for example, text and multimedia messaging, or the capacity to download ringtones and games). Starting with the December 31, 2008, data, providers also must report, explicitly and separately, total subscribers with a device capable of sending or receiving data at speeds above 200 kbps, irrespective of the service plan purchased. The number of such devices reported for December 2008 was about 86 million. That figure is not directly comparable to mobile wireless connections reported for June 2008 or earlier reporting periods, however, because individual providers – to a varying and largely unknown degree – included or excluded subscribers with service plans for less than full Internet access in the earlier data. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 82 Finally, the Form 477 modifications adopted for the December 31, 2008, and later, data specify how mobile wireless providers should distinguish between residential subscribers and other subscribers, and some of these providers consequently reported a larger share of residential subscribers than they had reported for earlier dates. Ratios of residential fixed-location connections to households that exceed 100% Starting with data as of December 31, 2008, information about connections over fixed-location technologies must be reported for individual census tracts. This allows us to estimate the share of households with fixed-location connections in individual census tracts by taking the ratio of the reported number of fixed-location residential service connections to the estimated number of households. In the year-end 2009 data, we continue to find “outlier” estimates at or above 100% and to find that the number of outliers is substantially reduced when estimates are made for individual counties rather than for individual census tracts. Possible explanations of ratios at or above 100% include (1) geocoding misallocations of service locations to census tracts; (2) proper allocation of connections to the county level by some filers, but improper allocation of all connections to a single tract in the county; (3) possible overestimation of residential connections in service plans for which the customer base is primarily residential; and (4) connections at seasonally or occasionally occupied housing units, such as vacation homes, while the household is counted elsewhere. The numbers of households in census tracts that were used to generate the estimated ratios are themselves estimates (for 2010, from GeoLytics, Inc.), which could have an independent effect. Maps showing number of providers by census tract Readers of previous reports in this series may note certain differences in the provider-count maps in this report as compared to maps for June 30, 2008 and earlier dates, which showed the number of providers by 5-digit geographical ZIP Code. The ZIP Code-based maps counted (at the holding company level) each provider with any fixed-location connections (wired, terrestrial fixed wireless, or satellite) reported for the ZIP Code and also any mobile wireless service provider who listed the ZIP Code as part of its service area. By contrast, in this report we provide separate maps for providers (counted at the holding company level) of fixed-location connections and for mobile wireless providers. Also, we present maps showing the number of providers that reported any residential fixed-location connections, thereby excluding any providers of exclusively business fixed-location connections in the census tract. Maps showing residential subscribership rates by census tract The two maps based on estimated Internet access connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction per 1,000 households (that is, estimated household subscribership, or adoption, rates) are not comparable to ZIP Code-based maps developed from FCC Form 477 data for June 30, 2008 and earlier dates because numbers of connections were never reported for individual ZIP Codes. Readers should note that these two maps (1) exclude all connections identified as business connections and (2) necessarily exclude residential mobile wireless connections (which are reported for the state but not for individual census tracts). U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 83 Glossary Term Definition aDSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line: A digital local loop typically using copper facilities and providing greater bandwidth in one direction than the other. Cable modem service A service which offers customers access to the Internet over a cable system. Downstream speed Speed of transmission from the Internet to the end user. End users Residential, business, institutional, or government entities who use services for their own purposes and who do not resell such services to other entities. Facilities-based provider Entity that owns the portion of the physical facility that terminates at the end-user location, obtains an unbundled network element (UNE), special access line, or other leased facility that terminates at the end-user location and provisions/equips it as a connection that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction, or provisions/equips a wireless channel that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction to the end-user location over licensed spectrum or over spectrum that the provider uses on an unlicensed basis. Fixed wireless A radio communication service between specified fixed points. Fixed-location technologies All technologies other than terrestrial mobile wireless. FTTH or FTTP Fiber to the Home (Premises): The fiber deployment architecture in which optical fiber is carried all the way to the home (premises). Internet access service Service that provides end users access to the Internet. ISPs Internet Service Providers: Companies or organizations that provide Internet access service (see above). iVoIP Interconnected Voice Over Internet Protocol: A service that enables real- time, two-way voice communications; requires a broadband connection from the user’s location; requires Internet-protocol compatible customer premises equipment; and permits users generally to receive calls that originate on the public switched telephone network and to terminate calls to the public switched telephone network. Mobile wireless service A radio communication service between mobile and fixed stations, or between mobile stations. Mobile wireless provider Provider of mobile wireless service (see above). Other wireline All copper-wire based technologies other than DSL technologies; Ethernet over copper and T-1 are examples. Power line Internet access service delivered over electric power transmission lines. Satellite communications A telecommunications service provided via one or more satellite relays and their associated uplinks and downlinks. sDSL Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line: DSL technology that provides equal bandwidth for both uploads and downloads. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 84 Speed tiers Sub-groupings defined by ranges of upstream speeds and downstream speeds. Upstream speed Speed of transmission from the end user to the Internet. Wi-Fi hotspot Wireless Fidelity: Generic term referring to any type of IEEE 802.11 wireless network. A hotspot is a small geographic area in which users can gain access to a Wi-Fi network which in turn connects to the Internet. Wireless service Telephone, Internet, data, and other services provided to customers through the transmission of signals over networks of radio towers. Wireless service provider Provider of wireless service (see above). Wireless telecommunications Any means of electronic data transfer using electromagnetic means, most commonly radio waves. WISP Wireless ISP: A company that provides end users with wireless access to the Internet, most commonly by using radio spectrum designated for unlicensed use. WLAN Wireless local area network: A WLAN uses radio waves to connect user devices to a local area network (LAN), thereby extending an existing wired LAN. . Customer Response Publication: Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2009 You can help us provide the best possible information to the public by completing this form and returning it to the Industry Analysis and Technology Division of the FCC's Wireline Competition Bureau. 1. Please check the category that best describes you: ____ press ____ current telecommunications carrier ____ potential telecommunications carrier ____ business customer evaluating vendors/service options ____ consultant, law firm, lobbyist ____ other business customer ____ academic/student ____ residential customer ____ FCC employee ____ other federal government employee ____ state or local government employee ____ Other (please specify) 2. 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