Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 Industry Analysis and Technology Division Wireline Competition Bureau March 2011 This report is available for reference in the FCC’s Reference Information Center, Courtyard Level, 445 12th Street, SW, Washington, DC. Copies may be purchased by contacting Best Copy and Printing, Inc., 445 12th Street, SW, Room CY-B402, Washington, DC 20554, telephone (800) 378-3160, or via their website at www.bcpiweb.com. The report can also be downloaded from the Wireline Competition Bureau Statistical Reports Internet site at www.fcc.gov/wcb/stats. Table of Contents Introduction...........................................................................................................................................1 Connection speeds.................................................................................................................................2 Figure 1(a) Distribution of Reportable Connections by Downstream Speed ...............................2 Figure 1(b) Distribution of Reportable Connections by Upstream Speed....................................3 Figure 2(a) Distribution by Upstream Speed of Reportable Connections with Downstream Speed Below 3 mbps............................................................................4 Figure 2(b) Distribution by Upstream Speed of Reportable Connections with Downstream Speed at Least 3 mbps but Below 6 mbps............................................5 Figure 2(c) Distribution by Upstream Speed of Reportable Connections with Downstream Speed at Least 6 mbps..........................................................................6 Providers by census tract by connection speed ..................................................................................7 Figure 3(a) Percentages of Households Located in Census Tracts Where Providers Report Residential Fixed-Location Connections of Various Speeds.........................7 Figure 3(b) Percentages of Households Located in Census Tracts Where Providers Report Residential Fixed-Location Connections of Various Speeds or Operate a Mobile Wireless Network Capable of Delivering Service of Various Speeds......................................................................................................8 A decade of Internet access adoption. .................................................................................................9 Figure 4 Fixed-Location Connections 1999-2010 ...................................................................9 Other report highlights.......................................................................................................................10 Residential subscribership..............................................................................................................10 Household adoption by speed tier ..................................................................................................10 Census tract and county shares of households with reportable connections ..................................11 Household adoption rates and subscribership demographics .........................................................11 Maps of providers by census tract ..................................................................................................11 Remainder of the report.....................................................................................................................11 Detailed Summary Statistics: The Nation........................................................................................13 Detailed Summary Statistics: The States .........................................................................................33 Detailed Summary Statistics: Counties and Census Tracts ...........................................................50 Detailed Correlation Results: Demographic Measures ..................................................................66 Technical Notes ...................................................................................................................................80 Glossary ...............................................................................................................................................83 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 i Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 Introduction. This report summarizes information about Internet access connections over 200 kilobits per second (kbps) in at least one direction in service in the United States on June 30, 2010, as collected by FCC Form 477. Form 477 gathers standardized information about subscribership to Internet access services in the fifty states, District of Columbia, and inhabited insular areas (American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and U.S. Virgin Islands). The information is reported by telephone companies, cable system operators, terrestrial wireless service providers, satellite service providers, and other facilities-based providers of advanced telecommunications capability.1 Notable developments during the first half of 2010 include: • Fixed-location Internet access connections increased by only 1% (from 81 to 82 million) while subscribers with mobile wireless devices and data plans for full Internet access increased by 27% (from 56 million to 71 million). See Table 1. • Fixed-location connections continue to dominate at speeds that meet or exceed the availability benchmark adopted in the Sixth Broadband Deployment Report (41 million fixed connections compared to 5 million mobile subscribers). See Table 2. The report reflects the Commission’s efforts to improve the way it collects, uses, and disseminates data by focusing in detail on reported connection speeds. Before presenting that information, we note two important points about the Form 477 data. • First, the data track subscribership, or adoption, of services of different speeds; they do not directly measure the availability of services of different speeds. That is, if service connections of different speeds are available to a particular consumer for purchase – from one or more suppliers – then only the purchased connection is counted by Form 477. • Second, the reported connection speed is typically based on the advertised speed of the purchased service, such as the advertised “up to” speed of a wired service or the advertised range of “typical speeds” of a mobile wireless service. It is possible that the purchased service will not operate at its advertised speed at all times.2 This is the fourth report to include details about subscribership differences among census tracts and counties, as well as subscribership differences among the states.3 And we continue to illustrate correlations of subscribership and demographic measures. 1 See the Technical Notes and the Glossary that appear at the end of this report for more-detailed information about the Form 477 data collection and the meaning of terms used in this report. 2 The Commission is working in partnership with a third-party measurement company, SamKnows, to test actual consumer broadband speeds. See Comment Sought on Residential Fixed Broadband Services Testing and Measurement Solution, CG Docket No. 09-158, CC Docket No. 98-170, WC Docket No. 04-36, Public Notice, 25 FCC Rcd 3836 (2010). The Commission is also considering a third-party partnership for mobile broadband measurement. See Comment Sought on Measurement of Mobile Broadband Network Performance and Coverage, CG Docket No. 09-158, CC Docket No. 98-170, WC Docket No. 04-36, Public Notice, 25 FCC Rcd 7069 (2010). 3 The Form 477 program began collecting state-level data in 2000. Census tract-level data were first collected in December 2008. For an overview of program history, see High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31, 2008 (February 2010) (December 2008 High-Speed Report) at pp. 1-4, available at http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html. Readers who are interested in historical trends in the Form 477 data should note the changes in reporting requirements that were effective in 2008 and earlier, in 2005. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 1 Connection speeds. The Form 477 program categorizes reportable connections into 72 speed tiers defined by eight ranges of downstream and nine ranges of upstream speed. In this overview discussion, we organize the extensive information collected for June 2010 into three groups of downstream speeds and three groups of upstream speeds. For the breakpoints between these groups, we use the Form 477­defined breakpoints that the Commission discussed as potential proxies for the broadband availability benchmark adopted in the Sixth Broadband Deployment Report.4 These Form 477-defined breakpoints are 3 mbps and 6 mbps for downstream speeds and 768 kbps and 1.5 mbps for upstream speeds.5 Figure 1(a) illustrates how the connections reported for June 2010 were distributed across the three ranges of downstream speed defined by breakpoints at 3 mbps and at 6 mbps. Figure 1(a) Distribution of Reportable Connections (152,920,000) by Downstream Speed as of June 30, 2010 Downstream Speed = 6 mbps (46,797,000 connections) 3 mbps = Downstream Speed < 6 mbps (13,636,000 connections) Downstream Speed < 3 mbps (92,487,000 connections) 4 The Commission benchmarked broadband as a transmission service that enables an end user actually to download Internet content at 4 megabits per second (mbps) and to upload Internet content at 1 mbps over the service provider’s network. See Inquiry Concerning the Deployment of Advanced Telecommunications Capability to All Americans in a Reasonable and Timely Fashion, and Possible Steps to Accelerate Such Deployment Pursuant to Section 706 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, Amended by the Broadband Data Improvement Act, GN Docket Nos. 09-137, 09-51, Report, 25 FCC Rcd 95560, 9563, para. 11 (2010) (Sixth Broadband Deployment Report). 5 See Sixth Broadband Deployment Report, 25 FCC Rcd at 9568, para. 20. As explained there, the Commission decided to evaluate the evidence of broadband availability using the Form 477-defined speed breakpoints of 3 mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 2 • At mid-year 2010, 60% of reportable connections (or 92.5 million connections) were slower than 3 mbps in the downstream direction, 9% (or 13.6 million connections) were at least 3 mbps in the downstream direction but slower than 6 mbps, and 31% (or 46.8 million connections) were at least 6 mbps in the downstream direction.6 • By comparison to revised data for December 2009 that were filed after our most recent report was released, mobile wireless connections slower than 3 mbps in the downstream direction increased by 24% (from 52.9 million to 65.7 million connections) between December 2009 and June 2010 while the number of fixed connections slower than 3 mbps decreased by 1% (from 27.1 million to 26.8 million connections). Total (fixed and mobile) connections slower than 3 mbps downstream increased by 16% (or 12.5 million connections) over the six months while connections of all reportable speeds increased by 12% (or 16.4 million connections). Figure 1(b) illustrates how the connections reported for June 2010 were distributed across the three ranges of upstream speed defined by breakpoints at 768 kbps and at 1.5 mbps. Figure 1(b) Distribution of Reportable Connections (152,920,000) by Upstream Speed as of June 30, 2010 Upstream Speed = 1.5 mbps (28,360,000 connections) 768 kbps = Upstream Speed < 1.5 mbps (27,651,000 connections) Upstream Speed < 768 kbps (96,909,000 connections) 6 Our narrative discussion of the speeds of all reportable connections (fixed and mobile) is summarized more concisely in Chart 1. Chart 2 provides connection-speed detail for fixed connections. Chart 5 provides connection-speed detail for mobile wireless connections. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 3 • At mid-year 2010, 63% of reportable connections (or 96.9 million connections) were slower than 768 kbps in the upstream direction, 18% (or 27.7 million connections) were at least 768 kbps in the upstream direction but slower than 1.5 mbps, and 19% (or 28.4 million connections) were at least 1.5 mbps in the upstream direction. • By comparison to the revised data that were filed for December 2009 after our most recent report was released, mobile wireless connections slower than 768 kbps in the upstream direction increased by 22% (from 49.7 million to 60.8 million connections) between December 2009 and June 2010 while the number of fixed connections slower than 768 kbps decreased by 2% (from 36.7 million to 36.1 million connections). Total (fixed and mobile) connections slower than 768 kbps upstream increased by 12% (or 10.5 million connections) over the six months while connections of all reportable speeds increased by 12% (or 16.4 million connections). In Figures 2(a) – 2(c), we sequentially review the upstream speeds of the connections that fall into each of the three downstream-speed groupings that we illustrated in Figure 1(a). Figure 2(a) Distribution by Upstream Speed of Reportable Connections (92,487,000) with Downstream Speed Below 3 mbps as of June 30, 2010 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 4 • At mid-year 2010, about 54% of reportable connections (or 83.2 million connections) were slower than 3 mbps in the downstream direction and also slower than 768 kbps in the upstream direction. • Additionally, about 6% of reportable connections (or 9.3 million connections) were fast enough in the upstream direction (at least 768 kbps) but too slow in the downstream direction (less than 3 mbps) to meet the broadband availability benchmark adopted in the Sixth Broadband Deployment Report. Figure 2(b) Distribution by Upstream Speed of Reportable Connections (13,636,000) with Downstream Speed at Least 3 mbps but Below 6 mbps as of June 30, 2010 1% 3% 31% 5% 3 mbps = Downstream Speed < 6 mbps -- Upstream Speed = 1.5 mbps (1,366,000 connections) 3 mbps = Downstream Speed < 6 mbps --768 = Upstream Speed < 1.5 mbps (5,217,000 connections) 3 mbps = Downstream Speed < 6 mbps -- Upstream Speed < 768 kbps (7,053,000 connections) • At mid-year 2010, about 5% of reportable connections (or 7.1 million connections) were at least 3 mbps but below 6 mbps in the downstream direction and were slower than 768 kbps in the upstream direction. These purchased connections are too slow in the upstream direction to meet the broadband availability benchmark adopted in the Sixth Broadband Deployment Report. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 5 Figure 2(c) Distribution by Upstream Speed of Reportable Connections (46,797,000) with Downstream Speed at Least 6 mbps as of June 30, 2010 Downstream Speed = 6 mbps -- Upstream Speed = 1.5 mbps (26,254,000 connections) Downstream Speed = 6 mbps -- 768 = Upstream Speed < 1.5 mbps (13,860,000 connections) Downstream Speed = 6 mbps -- Upstream Speed < 768 kbps (6,683,000 connections) • At mid-year 2010, about 4% of reportable connections (or 6.7 million connections) were at least 6 mbps in the downstream direction and were slower than 768 kbps in the upstream direction. These purchased connections also are too slow in the upstream direction to meet the broadband availability benchmark adopted in the Sixth Broadband Deployment Report. • In sum, 69% of reportable Internet access service connections (or 106.2 million connections) in June 2010 were too slow in both the downstream and upstream directions, or too slow in a single direction, to meet the broadband availability benchmark adopted in the Sixth Broadband Deployment Report. About 54% of reportable connections (or 83.2 million connections) were too slow in both directions, about 6% (or 9.3 million connections) were too slow in the downstream direction only, and about 9% (or 13.7 million connections) were too slow in the upstream direction only. • By comparison, revised data that were filed for December 2009 after our previous report was released show that 69% of total reportable connections (or 94.3 million connections) in December 2009 were too slow in both the downstream and upstream directions, or too slow in a single direction, to meet that broadband availability benchmark. About 53% (or 72.0 million connections) were too slow in both directions, about 6% (or 8.0 million connections) were too slow in the downstream direction only, and about 11% (or 14.4 million connections) were too slow in the upstream direction only. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 6 Providers by census tract by connection speed. In earlier reports in which we summarized Form 477 data through June 2008, we included summary statistics for the percentage of 5-digit geographical ZIP Codes in which differing numbers of providers (zero providers, one provider, two providers, etc.) had customers for their reportable connections.7 The ZIP Code-based data did not include information about the speeds of the connections that were purchased in particular ZIP Codes. However, the census tract-level information collected on Form 477 since December 2008 does include the speeds of purchased fixed-location connections.8 In Figure 3(a), we use that information to estimate the percentages of households located in census tracts where zero, one, two, or three or more providers reported residential fixed-location connections of several different speeds at mid-year 2010.9 Figure 3(a) Percentages of Households Located in Census Tracts Where Providers Report Residential Fixed-Location Connections of Various Speeds as of June 30, 2010 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 At least 3 mbps downstream & over 200 kbps upstream 3+ Providers 46 2 Providers 46 1 Provider 8 0 Providers 1 At least 3 mbps downstream & 768 kbps upstream 27 47 23 3 At least 6 mbps downstream & 1.5 mbps upstream 2 22 60 15 At least 10 mbps downstream & 1.5 mbps upstream2 21 60 16 Figures may not sum to 100% due to rounding. 7 For the most recent such report, see High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of June 30, 2008 (July 2009) (June 2008 High-Speed Report) at pp. 1-4, available at http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html. 8 Mobile wireless providers report the number of service subscriptions they have sold, and the speeds of those service subscriptions, at the state level only. For individual census tracts, they report the speeds of mobile wireless service subscriptions that they offer for sale – that is, the capability of the network that they operate in the census tract. 9 A provider who reports residential connections of a particular speed in a particular census tract may or may not offer service of that speed everywhere in the census tract. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 7 In Figure 3(b), we estimate the percentages of households in census tracts where providers reported residential fixed-location connections of different speeds or operated a mobile wireless network capable of sending or receiving data at the indicated speeds. Figure 3(b) Percentages of Households Located in Census Tracts Where Providers Report Residential Fixed-Location Connections of Various Speeds or Operate a Mobile Wireless Network Capable of Delivering Service of Various Speeds as of June 30, 2010 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 At least 3 mbps At least 3 mbps At least 6 mbps At least 10 mbps downstream & over 200 downstream & 768 downstream & 1.5 downstream & 1.5 kbps upstream kbps upstream mbps upstream mbps upstream 71 57 14 23+ Providers 24 28 32 212 Providers 5 13 41 60 1 Provider 0 2 13 160 Providers Figures may not sum to 100% due to rounding. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 8 Internet access adoption. The Commission has systematically collected, compiled, and published data about the adoption of fixed-location Internet access connections faster than 200 kbps in at least one direction for more than a decade. Figure 4 illustrates the adoption of fixed-location Internet access connections (that is, all reportable connections except mobile wireless connections) since 1999.10 Figure 4 Fixed-Location Connections 1999-2010 Residential Fixed Connections (left axis) Total Fixed Connections (left axis) Residential Fixed Connections per 100 Households (right axis) Total Fixed Connections per 100 Population (right axis) • Between June 2000 and June 2010, total (business and residential) reportable fixed-location connections grew from 4 million connections to 82 million connections – at a compound annual growth rate of 35% per year. • Between June 2000 and June 2010, residential fixed-location connections grew from 3 million connections to 75 million connections – at a compound annual growth rate of 37% per year. • Between June 2000 and June 2010, household adoption – which we track in Figure 4 by comparing the number of residential fixed-location connections to the number of households – increased from 3 connections per 100 households to 63 connections per 100 households.11,12 10 Reportable connections for December 1999 through June 2005 are summarized in our report High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of June 30, 2008 (July 2009), Tables 1 and 2, available in Excel format at http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html. The more recent data are discussed later in this report. 11 We also show total (including business as well as residential) fixed-location connections per 100 population in Figure 4, which is a statistic routinely reported by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This ratio incorporates connections to business locations into a comparison to persons. A more accurately U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 9 Other report highlights. Residential subscribership • Residential fixed-location Internet access connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction increased by 2% during the first half of 2010, to 75 million. See Table 3. • Reported residential mobile wireless service subscribers with mobile devices and data plans for full Internet access increased by 27%, to 55 million, during the first half of 2010. See Table 3. • The reported data show a substantial increase between December 2009 and June 2010 in the number of residential fixed-location connections that are at least 6 mbps downstream and 1.5 mbps upstream (from 11 million to 22 million) and also a substantial increase in the number of connections that are at least 10 mbps downstream and 1.5 mbps upstream (from 10 million to 22 million). See Chart 12. However, the increases appear to be anomalies caused by inconsistent reporting by at least one filer, and revisions of the 2009 data are pending.13 Household adoption by speed tier • As a national average in June 2010, there were 33 residential fixed-location connections per 100 households for connections with speeds that were reported to be at least 3 mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream. That was about half as large as the ratio for residential fixed-location connections of any reportable speed.14 See Tables 15 and 16. measured indicator of this type would include only connections to residential locations, but OECD does not have comprehensive, consistent information about residential connections in the member countries. (We note that the ratio of accurately measured residential fixed-location connections to population has a maximum value for any given country and point in time – the value when every household is connected – if we assume that no household would have more than one fixed connection to its premises. For the United States in June 2010, for example, the maximum value would be 38 because there were about 119.7 million households in the United States and inhabited insular areas and a population of about 313.2 million.) 12 For consistency of presentation, we include only mid-year ratios in Figure 4. We calculated total fixed connections per 100 population using U.S. Census Bureau population estimates for the United States and Puerto Rico – which are as of July 1 each year – and Census 2000 population for the remaining inhabited insular areas. We calculated residential fixed connections per 100 households using U.S. household estimates from the Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey (CPS) for July of each year and Census 2000 households for the inhabited insular areas. (The CPS also estimates U.S. households for March and November of each year.) 13 Relevant charts and tables in earlier Internet Access Services reports will be updated when revised 2009 data are received, and the revised data will supersede the 2009 data presented here. Reports for 2009 data are available at http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html. 14 Increases over time in the ratio of residential fixed-location connections to households indicate that increasing shares of households are connected at home. The ratio is somewhat different from the “take rate” of offered service because, as discussed in connection with Figure 3(a), some households are located in areas where apparently no fixed-location service is offered (as none is purchased). U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 10 Census tract and county shares of households with reportable connections • We estimate the share of households with fixed-location Internet access connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction in individual census tracts and counties as of June 30, 2010. Our estimates continue to indicate that there are substantial areas of relatively low and relatively high household adoption around the national average. See Charts 15 and 16. • For both census tracts and counties, we continue to find estimates above 100% for the share of households with reportable fixed-location Internet access connections. These results suggest that some filers are not accurately assigning customer connections to census tracts, and anecdotal evidence supports that conclusion.15 Household adoption rates and subscribership demographics • The report includes charts that illustrate correlations between household subscribership, or adoption, rates and demographic measures. We update charts based on income, household density, education, age, and race. The data indicate that some demographic variables are correlated with the adoption of Internet access service. See Charts 17-29. Maps of providers by census tract • Maps depict the number of providers of reportable connections by census tract. These maps are similar to previously published maps of providers by ZIP Code, but differ in important respects. In particular, instead of a single map combining providers of connections over all technologies and to both residential and business end users, now separate maps depict: (1) providers of total (combined residential and business) reportable fixed-location connections, (2) providers of residential reportable fixed-location connections, (3) providers of residential fixed-location connections at least 3 mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream, and (4) providers making reportable mobile wireless service available.16 Remainder of the report. The remainder of the report consists of tables, charts, and maps that highlight different aspects of Internet access service subscriptions. This information is organized into four sections, as described below. As always, publicly accessible data that are too voluminous to include in this report are available online at http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html. • Detailed Summary Statistics: The Nation. Tables 1-14 and Charts 1-14 focus in order on: number of connections, speed of connections, technology of connections, and number of providers. • Detailed Summary Statistics: The States. Tables 15-24 present comparable information for the individual states and our estimates of the shares of households that are connected at different speeds. 15 For example, while contacting Form 477 filers with questions about reported data, FCC staff continue to find situations in which all connections reported for a county have been assigned to a single, anomalous census tract. 16 As discussed in the Technical Notes, a mobile wireless provider should only report service availability in census tracts where the provider operates a network capable of sending or receiving data at speeds above 200 kbps. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 11 • Detailed Summary Statistics: Counties and Census Tracts. Charts 15-16 and Tables 25-29 present information about differences among counties and census tracts. This section concludes with two maps that illustrate differences among census tracts in the estimated share of connected households and the four maps (discussed above) that illustrate providers by census tract. • Detailed Correlation Results: Demographic Measures. Charts 17-29 present details of the correlations observed between the estimated share of connected households and demographic measures. * * * * We invite users of this information to suggest improvements in the data analysis by using the attached customer response form or e-mailing comments to IATDreports@fcc.gov for subject: June 2010 Internet services data, and to participate in proceedings the Commission undertakes to improve the data collection. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 12 Detailed Summary Statistics: The Nation Contents of this section Number of connections Table 1 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2006-2010....................................15 Table 2 Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream 2008-2010 ..............15 Table 3 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2006-2010.................15 Table 4 Residential Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream 2008-2010 .........................................................................................................15 Speed of connections Chart 1 Distribution of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2010.....................................................................................................................16 Chart 2 Distribution of Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2010............................................................................................................17 Chart 3 Distribution of Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2010............................................................................................................18 Chart 4 Distribution of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2010............................................................................................19 Chart 5 Distribution of Mobile Wireless Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2010............................................................................................20 Table 5 Connections and Percentage Residential by Speed Tier as of June 30, 2010....................21 Table 6 Fixed Connections and Percentage Residential by Speed Tier as of June 30, 2010.....................................................................................................................22 Technology of connections Table 7 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2006-2010...........23 Chart 6 Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2010 ..............................................................23 Table 8 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2006-2010..........................................................................................................................24 Chart 7 Residential Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2010 ...........................................24 Connections by speed and technology Table 9 Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2008-2010.................................................................................................25 Chart 8 Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology as of June 30, 2010...................................................................................25 Table 10 Residential Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2008-2010.................................................................................................26 Chart 9 Residential Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology as of June 30, 2010...................................................................................26 Chart 10 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2005-2010 (Shares of selected technologies) ......................................................................................27 Chart 11 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2006-2010 (Net adds for selected technologies)..................................................................................27 Chart 12 Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2010 (Shares of selected technologies for selected speeds) .......................................................28 Table 11 Residential Connections by Technology and Speed (BTOP/BIP Definition) as of June 30, 2010............................................................................................................29 Chart 13 Residential Connections (BTOP/BIP Definition) by Technology as of June 30, 2010............................................................................................................29 Table 12 Connections by Speed Tier and Technology as of June 30, 2010.....................................30 Table 13 Residential Connections by Speed Tier and Technology as of June 30, 2010..................31 Number of providers Table 14 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2006-2010 .......................................................32 Chart 14 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction: Selected Technologies 2006-2010 .........................................32 Table 1 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2006-2010 (In thousands) Technology Total Total Fixed Mobile Wireless1 2006 Jun 64,992 53,975 11,017 Dec 82,525 60,238 22,288 2007 Jun Dec 100,986 121,222 65,681 70,206 35,305 51,016 2008 Jun Dec 132,814 102,239 73,123 75,707 59,691 26,532 2009 Jun Dec 116,663 136,540 78,268 80,698 38,395 55,842 2010 Jun 152,92081,74471,177 Table 2 Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream 2008-2010 (In thousands) Technology 2008 Dec Jun 2009 Dec 2010 Jun Total 31,120 33,611 42,218 46,697 Total Fixed 30,987 33,387 39,398 41,362 Mobile Wireless1 133 224 2,820 5,335 Table 3 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2006-2010 (In thousands) Technology Total Total Fixed Mobile Wireless1 2006 Jun 50,941 49,784 1,157 Dec 58,344 55,652 2,692 2007 Jun 66,173 60,628 5,545 Dec 73,984 64,875 9,109 2008 Jun 79,090 67,554 11,536 Dec 88,190 69,047 19,142 2009 Jun Dec 100,781 117,438 71,700 73,985 29,081 43,454 2010 Jun 130,51375,22455,289 Table 4 Residential Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream 2008-2010 (In thousands) Technology 2008 Dec Jun 2009 Dec 2010 Jun Total 29,127 31,557 39,820 43,358 Total Fixed 29,013 31,362 37,182 39,033 Mobile Wireless1 114 196 2,638 4,325 1 Reporting instructions for mobile wireless changed between the June 2008 and December 2008 data. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Note: Some historical data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. Chart 1 Distribution of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2010 < 768 kbps>= 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps Downstream Speed < 3 mbps; 60.5% >= 3 mbps & < 6 mbps; 8.9% >= 6 mbps; 30.6% Note: Inner circle (light shading) represents upstream speeds. Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands) Downstream Speed At least 3 mbps Less than 3 and less than 6 Upstream Speed mbps mbps At least 6 mbps Total Less than 768 kbps 83,173 7,053 6,683 96,909 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 8,574 5,217 13,860 27,651 At least 1.5 mbps 740 1,366 26,254 28,360 Total 92,487 13,636 46,797 152,920 Percentages Less than 768 kbps 54.4 4.6 4.4 63.4 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 5.6 3.4 9.1 18.1 At least 1.5 mbps 0.5 0.9 17.2 18.5 Total 60.5 8.9 30.6 100.0 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. Chart 2 Distribution of Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2010 < 768 kbps 5.9% 0.4% Downstream Speed < 3 mbps; 32.8% >= 3 mbps & < 6 mbps; 14.7% >= 6 mbps; 52.5% Note: Inner circle (light shading) represents upstream speeds. Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands) Downstream Speed At least 3 mbps Less than 3 and less than 6 Upstream Speed mbps mbps At least 6 mbps Total Less than 768 kbps 22,532 6,915 6,664 36,111 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 3,695 4,784 12,858 21,338 At least 1.5 mbps 575 335 23,384 24,295 Total 26,803 12,034 42,906 81,744 Percentages Less than 768 kbps 27.6 8.5 8.2 44.2 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 4.5 5.9 15.7 26.1 At least 1.5 mbps 0.7 0.4 28.6 29.7 Total 32.8 14.7 52.5 100.0 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. Chart 3 Distribution of Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2010 < 768 kbps5.0% >= 1.5 mbps19.2% >= 1.5 mbps0.8% >= 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps3.4% < 768 kbps4.7% >= 1.5 mbps0.2% >= 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps4.4% Downstream Speed < 3 mbps; 57.0% >= 3 mbps & < 6 mbps; 8.9% >= 6 mbps; 34.1% Note: Inner circle (light shading) represents upstream speeds. Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands) Downstream Speed At least 3 mbps Less than 3 and less than 6 Upstream Speed mbps mbps At least 6 mbps Total Less than 768 kbps 68,473 6,147 6,588 81,209 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 5,708 4,382 12,805 22,896 At least 1.5 mbps 237 1,104 25,067 26,408 Total 74,419 11,634 44,460 130,513 Percentages Less than 768 kbps 52.5 4.7 5.0 62.2 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 4.4 3.4 9.8 17.5 At least 1.5 mbps 0.2 0.8 19.2 20.2 Total 57.0 8.9 34.1 100.0 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. Chart 4 Distribution of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2010 >= 1.5 mbps0.1% < 768 kbps8.0% >= 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps5.6% >= 1.5 mbps0.3% < 768 kbps8.7% >= 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps16.5% Downstream Speed < 3 mbps; 31.4% >= 3 mbps & < 6 mbps; 13.8% >= 6 mbps; 54.8% Note: Inner circle (light shading) represents upstream speeds. Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands) Downstream Speed At least 3 mbps Less than 3 and less than 6 Upstream Speed mbps mbps At least 6 mbps Total Less than 768 kbps 20,216 6,009 6,569 32,794 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 3,314 4,198 12,375 19,887 At least 1.5 mbps 83 195 22,266 22,543 Total 23,613 10,402 41,209 75,224 Percentages Less than 768 kbps 26.9 8.0 8.7 43.6 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 4.4 5.6 16.5 26.4 At least 1.5 mbps 0.1 0.3 29.6 30.0 Total 31.4 13.8 54.8 100.0 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part VI. Chart 5 Distribution of Mobile Wireless Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2010 Downstream Speed < 3 mbps; 92.3% >= 3 mbps & < 6 mbps; 2.3% >= 6 mbps; 5.5% Note: Inner circle (light shading) represents upstream speeds. Mobile Wireless Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands) Downstream Speed At least 3 mbps Less than 3 and less than 6 Upstream Speed mbps mbps At least 6 mbps Total Less than 768 kbps 60,640 139 19 60,798 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 4,879 432 1,002 6,313 At least 1.5 mbps 165 1,031 2,870 4,066 Total 65,684 1,602 3,891 71,177 Percentages Less than 768 kbps 85.2 0.2 0.0 85.4 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 6.9 0.6 1.4 8.9 At least 1.5 mbps 0.2 1.4 4.0 5.7 Total 92.3 2.3 5.5 100.0 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. Table 5 Connections and Percentage Residential by Speed Tier as of June 30, 2010 (In thousands) Downstream Speed Upstream Speed Customer Class Greater than 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps At least 768 kbps and less than 1.5 mbps At least 1.5 mbps and less than 3 mbps At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps At least 6 mbps and less than 10 mbps At least 10 mbps and less than 25 mbps At least 25 mbps and less than 100 mbps At least 100 mbps Total Less than or equal to 200 kbps Total Connections 9,083 * 7,022 37 2 # 0 * 19,247 Greater than 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps Total Connections 18,239 29,792 15,934 7,016 5,551 1,130 # 0 77,662 At least 768 and less then 1.5 mbps Total Connections 1 * 6,544 5,217 8,273 5,582 6 * 27,651 At least 1.5 mbps and less than 3 mbps Total Connections # * 740 1,205 3,277 18,747 23 * 23,993 At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps Total Connections * * * 161 25 2,192 334 * 2,713 At least 6 mbps and less than 10 mbps Total Connections * 0 * * 59 3 # 0 62 At least 10 mbps and less than 25 mbps Total Connections 0 0 * * 0 1,207 70 # 1,277 At least 25 mbps and less than 100 mbps Total Connections 0 0 0 * 0 0 280 * 280 At least 100 mbps Total Connections 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 35 Total Total Connections 27,324 34,924 30,239 13,636 17,187 28,861 714 35 152,920 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. Table 6 Fixed Connections and Percentage Residential by Speed Tier as of June 30, 2010 (In thousands) Downstream Speed Upstream Speed Customer Class Greater than 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps At least 768 kbps and less than 1.5 mbps At least 1.5 mbps and less than 3 mbps At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps At least 6 mbps and less than 10 mbps At least 10 mbps and less than 25 mbps At least 25 mbps and less than 100 mbps At least 100 mbps Total Less than or equal to 200 kbps Total Connections 1,678 2,326 * * 2 # 0 * 4,299 Greater than 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps Total Connections 2,345 6,242 9,686 * * 1,130 # 0 31,813 At least 768 and less then 1.5 mbps Total Connections 1 596 3,098 4,784 * 5,582 6 * 21,338 At least 1.5 mbps and less than 3 mbps Total Connections # # 575 175 * 18,747 23 * 19,930 At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps Total Connections * * * * * 2,192 334 * * At least 6 mbps and less than 10 mbps Total Connections * 0 * * 59 3 # 0 62 At least 10 mbps and less than 25 mbps Total Connections 0 0 * * 0 1,207 * # * At least 25 mbps and less than 100 mbps Total Connections 0 0 0 * 0 0 280 * 280 At least 100 mbps Total Connections 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 35 Total Total Connections 4,024 * 13,614 12,034 13,295 28,861 * 35 81,744 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. Table 7 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2006-2010 (In thousands) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 64,992 82,525 100,986 121,222 132,814 102,239 116,663 136,540 152,920 Total Fixed 53,975 60,238 65,681 70,206 73,123 75,707 78,268 80,698 81,744 aDSL 22,584 25,413 27,793 29,449 29,964 30,198 30,618 30,972 30,739 sDSL 337 345 320 293 275 241 217 225 191 Other Wireline 472 545 622 605 665 705 686 716 758 Cable Modem 29,173 31,982 34,404 36,507 38,190 40,251 41,722 43,162 43,924 FTTP1 547 894 1,281 1,849 2,346 2,884 3,543 3,975 4,436 Satellite 495 572 669 791 869 938 990 1,116 1,144 Fixed Wireless 361 483 587 707 808 485 487 525 546 Power Line and Other 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 Mobile Wireless2 11,017 22,288 35,305 51,016 59,691 26,532 38,395 55,842 71,177 1 Fiber to the premises. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Reporting instructions for mobile wireless changed between the June 2008 and December 2008 data. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Note: Some historical data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. Chart 6 Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2010 46.5% Table 8 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2006-2010 (In thousands) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 50,941 58,344 66,173 73,984 79,090 88,190 100,781 117,438 130,513 Total Fixed 49,784 55,652 60,628 64,875 67,554 69,047 71,700 73,985 75,224 aDSL 20,152 22,768 24,962 26,475 26,950 26,488 27,029 27,389 27,471 sDSL 103 105 105 82 81 74 71 85 65 Other Wireline 9 13 12 17 32 42 44 51 54 Cable Modem 28,388 31,118 33,336 35,341 36,901 38,681 40,122 41,481 42,178 FTTP1 444 764 1,153 1,683 2,139 2,717 3,344 3,754 4,181 Satellite 382 456 530 626 705 630 668 767 787 Fixed Wireless 301 424 523 644 741 410 417 453 483 Power Line and Other 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 Mobile Wireless2 1,157 2,692 5,545 9,109 11,536 19,142 29,081 43,454 55,289 1 Fiber to the premises. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Reporting instructions for mobile wireless changed between the June 2008 and December 2008 data. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Note: Some historical data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. Chart 7 Residential Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2010 42.4% Table 9 Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2008-2010 (In thousands) 2008 2009 2010 Technology Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 31,120 33,611 42,218 46,697 Total Fixed 30,987 33,387 39,398 41,362 aDSL 5,403 5,614 6,391 6,277 sDSL 5 9 19 13 Other Wireline 121 128 149 178 Cable Modem 22,708 24,242 29,022 30,616 FTTP1 2,694 3,328 3,734 4,186 Satellite # # # # Fixed Wireless 54 64 81 91 Power Line and Other 1 1 1 1 Mobile Wireless2 133 224 2,820 5,335 # = Rounds to Zero. 1 Fiber to the premises. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Reporting instructions for mobile wireless changed between the June 2008 and December 2008 data. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Note: Some historical data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. Chart 8 Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology as of June 30, 2010 Table 10 Residential Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2008-2010 (In thousands) 2008 2009 2010 Technology Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 29,127 31,557 39,820 43,358 Total Fixed 29,013 31,362 37,182 39,033 aDSL 4,613 4,889 5,635 5,560 sDSL 1 2 10 2 Other Wireline 10 11 18 19 Cable Modem 21,776 23,236 27,889 29,398 FTTP1 2,571 3,174 3,561 3,977 Satellite 0 0 0 0 Fixed Wireless 42 50 67 77 Power Line and Other 1 1 1 1 Mobile Wireless2 114 196 2,638 4,325 1 Fiber to the premises. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Reporting instructions for mobile wireless changed between the June 2008 and December 2008 data. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Note: Some historical data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. Chart 9 Residential Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology as of June 30, 2010 Percentage of Residential Fixed Connections 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 aDSL Cable Modem FTTP All Other Fixed Jun 2006 to Jun 2007 to Jun 2008 to Jun 2009 to Jun 2007 Jun 2008 Jun 2009 Jun 2010 aDSL Cable Modem FTTP Connections 75,224 69,250 51,579 39,033 22,266 21,838 Estimated Percentage of Households 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Chart 12 Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2010 (Shares of selected technologies for selected speeds, connections in thousands) 5.6 1.9 6.0 7.8 10.2 16.9 17.1 56.1 59.4 72.9 75.3 36.5 82.7 82.8 33.8 19.0 14.2 Over 200 kbps in at least one direction At least 768 kbps downstream and over At least 3 mbps downstream and over At least 3 mbps downstream and at least At least 6 mbps downstream and at least At least 10 mbps downstream and at least 200 kbps upstream 200 kbps upstream 768 kbps upstream 1.5 mbps upstream 1.5 mbps upstream aDSL Cable Modem FTTP All Other Fixed (In thousands) Table 11 Residential Connections by Technology and Speed (BTOP/BIP Definition) as of June 30, 2010 Technology At Most 200 kbps Upstream or less than 768 kbps Downstream Over 200 kbps Upstream and at least 768 kbps Downstream Total aDSL 4,033 23,439 27,471 sDSL 30 35 65 Other Wireline 3 51 54 Cable Modem 1,068 41,110 42,178 FTTP 18 4,163 4,181 Satellite 697 91 787 Fixed Wireless 123 360 483 Mobile Wireless 21,083 34,206 55,289 Power Line and Other 3 2 6 Total 27,057 103,456 130,513 # = Rounds to Zero. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. Note: The BTOP/BIP definition is advertised speeds of at least 768 kbps downstream and 200 kbps upstream to end users. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. Table 12 Connections by Speed Tier and Technology as of June 30, 2010 (In thousands) 200 kbps or less Upstream Over 200 kbps Upstream Download Download Download Download Download Download over 200 kbps and Download Download over 200 kbps and at least 768 kbps and less at least 1.5 mbps and less at least 3 mbps and less at least 6 mbps and less at least 10 mbps and less Download Technology less than 768 kbps at least 768 kbps Subtotal less than 768 kbps than 1.5 mbps than 3 mbps than 6 mbps than 10 mbps than 25 mbps at least 25 mbps Subtotal Total aDSL 1,046 1,275 2,320 1,972 5,800 9,419 8,979 1,752 490 6 28,418 30,739 sDSL 0 0 0 69 72 * 10 2 * # 191 191 Other Wireline 0 0 0 63 78 440 88 29 26 35 758 758 Cable Modem 121 836 957 141 686 3,030 2,603 11,400 24,739 370 42,967 43,924 FTTP 5 1 6 16 52 102 225 94 3,603 338 4,429 4,436 Satellite * * 958 * * * * 0 0 0 186 1,144 Fixed Wireless 37 20 57 79 137 163 90 16 3 1 489 546 Mobile Wireless * * 14,948 15,894 24,982 9,859 1,601 3,891 * * 56,228 71,177 Power Line and Other 0 0 0 * * * * 0 * * 6 6 Total 9,083 10,164 19,247 18,241 31,821 23,218 13,599 17,185 28,861 749 133,673 152,920 Percentages aDSL 3.4 4.1 7.5 6.4 18.9 30.6 29.2 5.7 1.6 0.0 92.5 100.0 sDSL 0.0 0.0 0.0 36.3 37.6 * 5.3 0.9 * 0.1 100.0 100.0 Other Wireline 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.3 10.3 58.0 11.6 3.9 3.4 4.6 100.0 100.0 Cable Modem 0.3 1.9 2.2 0.3 1.6 6.9 5.9 26.0 56.3 0.8 97.8 100.0 FTTP 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4 1.2 2.3 5.1 2.1 81.2 7.6 99.9 100.0 Satellite * * 83.7 * * * * 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.3 100.0 Fixed Wireless 6.7 3.7 10.4 14.5 25.1 29.8 16.4 3.0 0.5 0.2 89.6 100.0 Mobile Wireless * * 21.0 22.3 35.1 13.9 2.2 5.5 * * 79.0 100.0 Power Line and Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 * * * * 0.0 * * 100.0 100.0 Total 5.9 6.6 12.6 11.9 20.8 15.2 8.9 11.2 18.9 0.5 87.4 100.0 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. Table 13 Residential Connections by Speed Tier and Technology as of June 30, 2010 (In thousands) 200 kbps or less Upstream Over 200 kbps Upstream Download Download Download Download Download Download Download at least at least at least 3 at least 6 at least 10 over 200 over 200 768 kbps 1.5 mbps mbps mbps mbps kbps and Download kbps and and less and less and less and less and less Download less than at least less than than than than than than at least 25 Technology 768 kbps 768 kbps Subtotal 768 kbps 1.5 mbps 3 mbps 6 mbps 10 mbps 25 mbps mbps Subtotal Total aDSL 1,004 1,203 2,207 1,826 5,426 8,188 7,828 1,555 439 3 25,265 27,471 sDSL 0 0 0 30 26 * 2 1 * # 65 65 Other Wireline 0 0 0 3 6 26 6 12 # # 54 54 Cable Modem 111 834 944 124 645 2,872 2,251 11,122 23,923 297 41,233 42,178 FTTP 4 1 6 12 43 75 205 85 3,459 296 4,175 4,181 Satellite * * 693 * * * * 0 0 0 94 787 Fixed Wireless 34 19 53 70 120 145 79 14 2 # 430 483 Mobile Wireless * * 8,898 12,185 22,107 7,616 1,232 3,250 * * 46,391 55,289 Power Line and Other 0 0 0 * * * * 0 * * 6 6 Total 6,360 6,441 12,801 14,256 28,386 19,008 11,604 16,039 27,822 597 117,712 130,513 Percentages aDSL 3.7 4.4 8.0 6.6 19.8 29.8 28.5 5.7 1.6 0.0 92.0 100.0 sDSL 0.0 0.0 0.0 46.0 41.0 * 2.5 1.0 * 0.0 100.0 100.0 Other Wireline 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.3 11.2 47.9 12.0 22.5 0.2 0.8 100.0 100.0 Cable Modem 0.3 2.0 2.2 0.3 1.5 6.8 5.3 26.4 56.7 0.7 97.8 100.0 FTTP 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 1.0 1.8 4.9 2.0 82.7 7.1 99.9 100.0 Satellite * * 88.1 * * * * 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.9 100.0 Fixed Wireless 7.0 3.9 10.9 14.6 24.9 30.0 16.4 2.8 0.4 0.1 89.1 100.0 Mobile Wireless * * 16.1 22.0 40.0 13.8 2.2 5.9 * * 83.9 100.0 Power Line and Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 * * * * 0.0 * * 100.0 100.0 Total 4.9 4.9 9.8 10.9 21.7 14.6 8.9 12.3 21.3 0.5 90.2 100.0 Table 14 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2006-2010 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun aDSL 833 858 864 856 863 881 875 861 872 sDSL 256 257 242 233 238 264 257 260 250 Other Wireline 246 256 246 250 259 292 284 275 266 Cable Modem 254 279 282 292 296 342 351 342 341 FTTP 187 222 251 276 308 432 461 483 510 Satellite 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 Fixed Wireless 452 505 484 514 505 620 619 604 611 Mobile Wireless 19 24 19 22 24 47 48 51 55 Power Line and Other 6 6 6 7 6 5 6 6 5 Total 1,327 1,396 1,374 1,399 1,395 1,562 1,549 1,521 1,519 Note: Some historical data have been revised. Multiple Form 477 filers within a holding company structure count as one provider. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. Chart 14 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One DirectionSelected Technologies 2006-2010 Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 aDSL Cable Modem FTTP Mobile Wireless Detailed Summary Statistics: The States Contents of this section Residential subscribership rates Table 15 Residential Fixed Connections (Approximating the National Broadband Availability Target) and Households by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections with advertised speeds at least 3 mbps down and 768 kbps up) .................34 Table 16 Residential Fixed Connections and Households by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction).......................................................35 End users of connections Table 17 Connections by Type of End User by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction).......................................................36 Connections by speed and technology Table 18 Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction).......................................................37 Table 19 Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections at least 3 mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream) .................................30 Table 20 Percentage of Connections by Download Speed by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction).......................................................41 Connections for selected technologies Table 21 ADSL Connections by State 2006-2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction).......................................................43 Table 22 Cable Modem Connections by State 2006-2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction).......................................................45 Number of providers Table 23 Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction).......................................................47 Reported availability for selected technologies Table 24 Percentage of Residential End-User Premises with Access to Services over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by State as of June 30, 2010: xDSL Availability Where ILECs Offer Local Telephone Service and Cable Modem Availability Where Cable Systems Offer Cable TV Service.....................................................................................................49 Table 15 Residential Fixed Connections (Approximating the National Broadband Availability Target) and Households by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections with advertised speeds at least 3 mbps down and 768 up and households, in thousands) Subscribership State Connections Households Ratio # = Rounds to Zero; * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI (Connections); Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2000 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands). Table 16 Residential Fixed Connections and Households by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction and households, in thousands) Subscribership State Connections Households Ratio # = Rounds to Zero; * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI (Connections); Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2000 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands). Table 17 Connections by Type of End User by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) Connections Percentages State Residential Business Residential Business Total Illinois 5,496 968 85.0 15.0 6,464 Indiana 2,350 397 85.6 14.4 2,747 Iowa 1,100 188 85.4 14.6 1,288 Kansas 1,150 222 83.8 16.2 1,372 Kentucky 1,521 209 87.9 12.1 1,730 Minnesota 2,111 423 83.3 16.7 2,533 Mississippi 1,051 119 89.8 10.2 1,170 Missouri 2,305 435 84.1 15.9 2,741 Montana 392 62 86.4 13.6 454 Nebraska 665 149 81.7 18.3 814 North Carolina 3,896 659 85.5 14.5 4,555 North Dakota 264 47 84.8 15.2 311 Northern Mariana Isl * * * * * Ohio 4,422 813 84.5 15.5 5,235 Oklahoma 1,514 235 86.6 13.4 1,749 South Dakota 293 47 86.1 13.9 340 Tennessee 2,329 404 85.2 14.8 2,734 Texas 10,818 2,075 83.9 16.1 12,893 Utah 1,029 198 83.9 16.1 1,226 Vermont 245 41 85.8 14.2 286 Wyoming 224 38 85.5 14.5 262 Total 130,513 22,408 85.3 14.7 152,920 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I and VI. Revised May 13, 2011. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 36 Table 18 Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) Other Cable Fixed Mobile Power Line State ADSL SDSL Wireline Modem Fiber Satellite Wireless Wireless and Other Total Illinois 1,537 7 * 1,629 9 * 36 3,172 0 6,464 Indiana 725 3 10 697 67 * 30 1,188 * 2,747 Iowa 373 3 * 376 17 * 23 474 0 1,288 Kansas 264 1 * 438 21 * 21 607 0 1,372 Kentucky 459 7 * 512 8 * 6 714 0 1,730 Minnesota 611 19 * 739 22 * 15 1,093 0 2,533 Mississippi 240 1 * 241 1 * # 651 0 1,170 Missouri 811 1 * 599 7 * 13 1,249 0 2,741 Montana 119 2 2 113 3 * 13 * 0 454 Nebraska 167 1 * 293 4 * 19 323 0 814 Table 18 - Continued Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) Power Other Cable Fixed Mobile Line State ADSL SDSL Wireline Modem Fiber Satellite Wireless Wireless and Other Total South Dakota 60 2 # 118 13 * 7 * 0 340 Tennessee 570 5 * 784 39 * 2 1,285 0 2,734 Texas 2,797 10 * 2,456 326 * 44 7,084 0 12,893 Utah 308 3 * 268 11 * 38 585 0 1,226 Vermont 84 * 3 93 4 * * 94 0 286 Wyoming 59 2 * 76 1 * 5 111 0 262 Total 30,739 191 758 43,924 4,436 1,144 546 71,177 6 152,920 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. Table 19 Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections at least 3 mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream, in thousands) Other Cable Fixed Mobile Power Line State ADSL SDSL Wireline Modem Fiber Satellite Wireless Wireless and Other Total Illinois 177 1 * 1,355 5 * 7 430 0 1,983 Indiana 142 * 2 543 62 * 2 37 0 788 Iowa 75 # 1 111 4 * * * 0 359 Kansas 32 # * 216 7 * # 61 0 318 Kentucky 114 * 1 369 3 0 * * 0 517 Minnesota 137 1 2 621 11 * 1 * 0 834 Mississippi 5 * # 120 1 * 0 0 0 126 Missouri 88 * 5 368 4 * 1 * 0 561 Montana 19 # # * 2 * # 0 0 120 Nebraska 44 * # 178 2 * 1 * 0 244 Table 19 - Continued Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections at least 3 mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream, in thousands) Other Cable Fixed Mobile Power Line State ADSL SDSL Wireline Modem Fiber Satellite Wireless Wireless and Other Total South Dakota 18 0 * * 9 0 # 0 0 101 Tennessee 28 * 4 682 19 * # * 0 807 Texas 483 # * 1,113 288 * 6 752 0 2,655 Utah 90 * 1 251 11 * 24 * 0 380 Vermont 49 * # * 4 * 0 * 0 137 Wyoming 14 * # * * * # 0 0 85 Total 6,277 13 178 30,616 4,186 # 91 5,335 1 46,697 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. Table 20 Percentage of Connections by Downstream Speed by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Over 200 kbps Upstream and % over 200 kbps % at least 768 kbps % at least 3 mbps % at least 6 mbps % at least 10 mbps State Downstream Downstream Downstream Downstream Downstream Table 20 - Continued Percentage of Connections by Downstream Speed by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Over 200 kbps Upstream and % over 200 kbps % at least 768 kbps % at least 3 mbps % at least 6 mbps % at least 10 mbps State Downstream Downstream Downstream Downstream Downstream * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. Table 21 ADSL Connections by State 2006-2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 State Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Illinois 1,094 1,212 1,300 1,382 1,419 1,503 1,538 1,556 1,537 Indiana 443 515 584 636 651 672 699 721 725 Iowa 189 233 271 298 322 336 351 362 373 Kansas 179 203 225 236 241 243 250 260 264 Kentucky 251 303 340 367 385 421 431 454 459 Minnesota 331 395 449 496 529 544 573 590 611 Mississippi 129 154 180 202 220 229 240 255 240 Missouri 468 546 618 683 712 727 767 805 811 Montana 70 83 96 102 108 108 111 115 119 Nebraska 95 112 124 135 143 151 158 164 167 Table 21 - Continued ADSL Connections by State 2006-2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 State Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun South Dakota 33 40 46 48 53 56 58 58 60 Tennessee 348 397 447 499 535 541 549 559 570 Texas 1,733 1,997 2,294 2,464 2,475 2,608 2,706 2,784 2,797 Utah 189 222 250 270 284 299 280 309 308 Vermont 51 61 68 72 73 61 79 81 84 Wyoming 39 44 50 53 55 57 58 58 59 Total 22,584 25,413 27,793 29,449 29,964 30,198 30,618 30,972 30,739 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Some historical data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. Table 22 Cable Modem Connections by State 2006-2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 State Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Illinois 1,042 1,332 1,466 1,570 1,625 1,591 1,597 1,647 1,629 Indiana 490 370 410 439 456 626 649 689 697 Iowa 225 234 268 287 309 330 344 360 376 Kansas 317 321 351 369 380 415 419 435 438 Kentucky 306 333 384 435 482 452 483 498 512 Minnesota 517 541 571 608 622 666 687 722 739 Mississippi 114 136 152 166 188 216 230 236 241 Missouri 401 444 473 498 517 560 562 587 599 Montana 54 65 74 83 90 92 102 108 113 Nebraska 218 239 238 252 262 278 286 295 293 Table 22 - Continued Cable Modem Connections by State 2006-2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 State Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun South Dakota 93 100 101 111 115 122 122 127 118 Tennessee 506 602 663 703 715 718 755 770 784 Texas 1,692 1,944 2,082 2,183 2,214 1,971 2,286 2,407 2,456 Utah * * * * 212 * 244 263 268 Vermont * * * * * 71 79 86 93 Wyoming * * * * * 64 70 74 76 Total 29,173 31,982 34,404 36,507 38,190 40,251 41,722 43,162 43,924 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Some historical data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. Table 23 Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Other Cable Fixed Mobile Power Line State ADSL SDSL Wireline Modem Fiber Satellite Wireless Wireless and Other Total California 32 17 41 18 26 * 32 9 0 113 Colorado 34 12311524 *2810 094 Connecticut 7 921 713 * * 4 038 Delaware 6 61744 *05029 District of Columbia 10 8 25 * 12 * 4 6 0 40 Illinois 60 22 41 20 24 * 50 11 0 138 Indiana 37 13261431 *37 7 *98 Iowa 125 36263959 *62 9 0201 Kansas 42 16212731 *2911 095 Kentucky 27 10222220 *16 9 085 Table 23 - Continued Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Other Cable Fixed Mobile Power Line State ADSL SDSL Wireline Modem Fiber Satellite Wireless Wireless and Other Total North Carolina 25 9 29 21 26 * 6 10 0 80 North Dakota 29 10 13 7 16 * 15 4 0 45 Northern Mariana Isl * 0 * * * 0 * * 0 * Ohio 40 19332431 *22 9 *104 Oklahoma 40 10201414 *1011 076 South Dakota 29 811 719 *17 * 053 Tennessee 27 13281520 *12 8 086 Texas 69 26522844 *5710 0161 Utah 16 1119 515 *13 7 052 Vermont 10 61347 * *4032 Wyoming 12 7745 *116034 Total 872 250 266 341 510 4 611 55 5 1,519 * Indicates one to three providers. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: This table summarizes responses to Form 477 questions about service availability, as opposed to subscribership. xDSL includes both asymmetric and symmetric DSL. Each state-specific estimate is a weighted average of the availability percentages that ILECs or cable system operators report for the areas they serve. Reported xDSL availability is weighted by ILEC end-user switched access lines and VoIP lines. Reported cable modem availability is weighted by cable TV subscribers. The weighted averages include ILECs or cable system operators that report no availability. Figures are presented to the nearest percent. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and II; Warren Communications News, Inc., Television & Cable Factbook: Online (Cable General Information, February 2010). Table 24 Percentage of Residential End-User Premises with Access to Services over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by State as of June 30, 2010 xDSL Availability Where ILECs Cable Modem Availability Where Cable State Offer Local Telephone Service Systems Offer Cable TV Service Detailed Summary Statistics: Counties and Census Tracts Contents of this section All counties Chart 15 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households as of June 30, 2010............................................................................................................51 Table 25 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households by Technology as of June 30, 2010............................................................................................................52 All census tracts Chart 16 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households as of June 30, 2010............................................................................................................53 Table 26 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households by Technology as of June 30, 2010............................................................................................................54 Table 27 Percentage of Census Tracts with Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction).......................55 Counties and census tracts in individual states Table 28 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) ........................................................................................................56 Table 29 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) .......................................................................................................58 Maps: Residential subscription ratios by census tract Map 1 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction per 1,000 Households by Census Tract as of June 30, 2010 .............................................60 Map 2 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 768 kbps Downstream and 200 kbps Upstream per 1,000 Households by Census Tract as of June 30, 2010.............................61 Maps: Number of providers by census tract Map 3 Providers of Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Census Tract as of June 30, 2010 .................................................................................62 Map 4 Providers of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Census Tract as of June 30, 2010 .................................................................63 Map 5 Providers of Residential Fixed Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Census Tract as of June 30, 2010 ..........................................64 Map 6 Providers of Mobile Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Census Tract as of June 30, 2010 .................................................................................65 Percentage of Counties Chart 15 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households as of June 30, 2010 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households Note: Ratios over 1 were set to 1. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates; and Census 2000. Table 25 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households by Technology as of June 30, 2010 Technology Zero Greater than 0 and no more than 5% Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households Greater than 5 and no more than 10% Greater than 10 and no more than 20% Greater than 20 and no more than 30% Greater than 30 and no more than 40% Greater than 40 and no more than 50% Greater than 50 and no more than 60% Greater than 60 and no more than 80% Greater than 80 and no more than 100% 100% or more aDSL 1.1 3.7 6.4 26.4 29.6 20.1 8.0 3.0 1.1 0.2 0.3 sDSL 82.1 16.7 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Other Wireline 94.6 5.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cable Modem 14.4 10.4 10.7 19.5 18.7 13.6 7.4 4.1 1.2 0.2 0.0 FTTP 64.9 26.6 3.2 2.4 1.5 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Satellite 0.8 87.9 9.5 1.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fixed Wireless 51.6 38.9 5.5 3.2 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Power Line 99.5 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 All Other 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total 0.1 0.5 0.9 2.8 7.3 14.1 22.0 23.0 24.8 3.6 0.9 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates; and Census 2000. Chart 16 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households as of June 30, 2010 8 Number of Tracts 66,287 Median 0.58 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households Percentage of Tracts Note: Ratios over 2 were set to 2. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates; and Census 2000. Table 26 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households by Technology as of June 30, 2010 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater than 5 than 10 than 20 than 30 than 40 than 50 than 60 than 80 than 0 and no and no and no and no and no and no and no and no Technology Zero and no more than 5% more than 10% more than 20% more than 30% more than 40% more than 50% more than 60% more than 80% more than 100% 100% or more aDSL 6.1 10.7 10.2 25.0 20.1 12.9 7.1 3.5 2.6 0.8 1.0 sDSL 94.5 5.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Other Wireline 99.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cable Modem 6.3 4.2 4.6 13.9 17.2 16.5 14.1 9.9 8.9 2.6 1.8 FTTP 81.8 7.5 1.7 2.5 1.9 1.5 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.2 Satellite 46.0 49.2 3.6 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fixed Wireless 86.2 10.9 1.5 1.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Power Line 99.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 All Other 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total 0.8 0.6 0.8 3.9 7.9 11.2 13.6 13.9 22.9 13.5 11.0 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates; and Census 2000. Table 27 Percentage of Census Tracts with Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Number of Providers Seven or Technology Zero One Two Three Four Five Six More aDSL 6.1 44.6 35.9 11.1 2.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 sDSL 94.5 5.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Other Wireline 99.1 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cable Modem 6.3 80.8 12.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 FTTP 81.8 17.7 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Satellite 46.0 23.0 28.2 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fixed Wireless 86.2 10.9 2.4 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Power Line 99.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 aDSL and/or Cable Modem and/or FTTP 1.2 7.2 38.3 34.8 14.5 3.4 0.6 0.1 Any Technology 0.8 2.7 17.0 26.6 26.2 15.9 7.1 3.8 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI and Census 2000. Table 28 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater than 0 and than 5 and than 10 and than 20 and than 30 and than 40 and than 50 and than 60 and than 80 and no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more 100% or State Counties Zero than 5% than 10% than 20% than 30% than 40% than 50% than 60% than 80% than 100% more California 58 0 0 0 1 0 1 101530 1 0 Colorado 64 0 00023 14171873 Connecticut 8 0 00000 00620 Delaware 3 0 00000 00210 District of Columbia 1 0 00000 00100 Illinois 102 0 1 3 9 912 172423 2 2 Indiana 92 0 0 0 3 714 152822 3 0 Iowa 99 0 00001 21502610 Kansas 105 0 00016 25382861 Kentucky 120 0 0 0 31120 422717 0 0 Table 28 - Continued Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater than 0 and than 5 and than 10 and than 20 and than 30 and than 40 and than 50 and than 60 and than 80 and no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more 100% or State Counties Zero than 5% than 10% than 20% than 30% than 40% than 50% than 60% than 80% than 100% more North Carolina 100 0 0 2 3 4 8 203522 4 2 North Dakota 53 0 00012 8212100 Northern Mariana Isl 4 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ohio 88 0 00175 14213721 Oklahoma 77 0 0 0 11220 2414 6 0 0 South Dakota 66 0 0 0 1 2 9 172017 0 0 Tennessee 95 0 0 0 11223 3417 7 1 0 Texas 254 0 0 5112858 674238 3 2 Utah 29 0 00022 471220 Vermont 14 0 00001 22810 Wyoming 23 0 00002 49800 Total 3,232 4 15 28 90 236 457 712 744 801 115 30 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI (Connections); Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2000 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands). Table 29 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater than 0 and than 5 and than 10 and than 20 and than 30 and than 40 and than 50 and than 60 and than 80 and no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more 100% or State Tracts Zero than 5% than 10% than 20% than 30% than 40% than 50% than 60% than 80% than 100% more California 7,049 42 15 17 162 329 538 797 987 1,986 1,239 937 Colorado 1,075 15 1 0 18 50 95 143 174 271 168 140 Connecticut 815 3 0 0 1 19 36 57 84 247 283 85 Delaware 197 1 0 1 52022 2318302849 District of Columbia 188 7 1 1 1 5 17 24 24 55 27 26 Illinois 2,964 19 14 25 107 284 356 387 430 754 348 240 Indiana 1,412 4 6 21 107 173 227 234 217 216 89 118 Iowa 793 2 1 0 2 20 66 152214250 59 27 Kansas 727 7 2 0 9 28 96 120154175 69 67 Kentucky 994 1 7 9 53 99 166 197 165 181 62 54 Minnesota 1,300 6 2 3 12 43 113 177 256 409 181 98 Mississippi 605 0 2 18 78 120 115 93 64 67 27 21 Missouri 1,320 10 1 8 63 125 198 222 230 256 130 77 Montana 270 6 2 3 71431 5654661615 Nebraska 503 4 0 0 3 27 57 99107127 42 37 Table 29 - Continued Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State as of June 30, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater than 0 and than 5 and than 10 and than 20 and than 30 and than 40 and than 50 and than 60 and than 80 and no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more 100% or State Tracts Zero than 5% than 10% than 20% than 30% than 40% than 50% than 60% than 80% than 100% more North Carolina 1,555 2 8 14 51 122 202 250 243 329 176 158 North Dakota 227 6 0 1 21319 31478024 4 Northern Mariana Isl 21 1 0 1 9 5 3 1 0 1 0 0 Ohio 2,934 13 8 19 94 246 352 400 420 795 380 207 Oklahoma 990 4 6 21 69 103 164 175 130 183 92 43 South Dakota 235 17 1 4 8 18 28 39 36 61 16 7 Tennessee 1,261 8 4 17 75 163 215 239 164 214 91 71 Texas 4,388 23 40 71 285 569 679 652 534 723 395 417 Utah 496 7 6 2 10 14 38 57108124 71 59 Vermont 179 0 0 0 3 3 9 1731723113 Wyoming 127 1 0 1 3 3 9 18334311 5 Total 66,287 510 375 533 2,574 5,240 7,430 8,995 9,239 15,165 8,965 7,261 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI (Connections); Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2000 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands). Map 2 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 768 kbps Downstream and 200 kbps Upstream per 1,000 Households by Census Tract as of June 30, 2010 Map 6 Providers of Mobile Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Census Tract as of June 30, 2010 Detailed Correlation Results: Demographic Measures Contents of this section Household income Chart 17 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Income Deciles as of June 30, 2010 .....................................................67 Chart 18 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Income Deciles as of June 30, 2010.....................68 Household density Chart 19 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Density Deciles as of June 30, 2010.....................................................69 Chart 20 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Density Deciles as of June 30, 2010.....................70 Education Chart 21 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Share of College Graduates in Deciles as of June 30, 2010 .................71 Chart 22 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share of Population with a College Degree (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2010 ........................................................................................72 Age Chart 23 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Average Age in Deciles as of June 30, 2010........................................73 Chart 24 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Average Age of County Population (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2010 .......................................................................................74 Race Chart 25 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Share White Alone in Deciles as of June 30, 2010...................................75 Chart 26 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share White Alone (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2010............................................................................................................76 Technology and household density Chart 27 Subscribership Ratios by Technology and Tract Household Density as of June 30, 2010.....................................................................................................................77 Income and household density Chart 28 Average Subscribership Ratios by Income and Household Density as of June 30, 2010.....................................................................................................................78 Chart 29 Median Ratios of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Income and Density..............................................................79 (County Data) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 Lower Income Counties Ranked by Median Household Income, in Deciles Higher Income Cumulative Not Cumulative This chart shows cumulative and non-cumulative subscribership ratios by income deciles. Counties were grouped into income deciles based on county median household income in 1999, as reported by the Census Bureau. For each decile, the height of any red, non-cumulative bar represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction across counties in the decile to the sum of households across counties in the decile. The height of the blue, cumulative bar for decile N represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction across all counties in decile N and all deciles less than N to the number of households in all the counties in decile N and deciles less than N. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (Median household income in 1999). 123 456 78 910 Lower Income Median Household Income in 1999 by Decile Higher Income Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in the income decile. Some of the features are labeled, but note also that + denotes the position of the averageresidential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is any data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (Median household income in 1999). (County Data) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 Lower Density Counties Ranked by Household Density, in Deciles Higher Density Cumulative Not Cumulative This chart shows cumulative and non-cumulative subscribership ratios by density deciles. Counties were grouped into density deciles based on households per square mile, calculated as the ratio of estimated county households in 2010 to county land area from the Census Bureau. For each decile, the height of any red, non-cumulative bar represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction across counties in the decile to the sum of households across counties in the decile. The height of the blue, cumulative bar for decile N represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction across all counties in decile N and all deciles less than N to the number of households in all the counties in decile N and deciles less than N. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (County land area). 123 456 78 910 Lower Density County Household Density by Decile Higher Density Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in the density decile. Some of the features are labeled, but note also that + denotes the position of the average residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is any data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (County land area). (County Data) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 Lower Share Counties Ranked by Share of College Graduates, in Deciles Higher Share Cumulative Not Cumulative This chart shows cumulative and non-cumulative subscribership ratios by county share of college graduates in deciles. Counties were grouped into deciles based on the share of the county population at least 25 years of age with a college degree or higher educational attainment. For each decile, the height of any red, non-cumulative bar represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction across counties in the decile to the sum of households across counties in the decile. The height of the blue, cumulative bar for decile N represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction across all counties in decile N and all deciles less than N, to the number of households in all the counties in decile N and deciles less than N. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (County educational attainment). 123 456 78 910 Lower Share County Share of College Graduates by Decile Higher Share Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in the share decile. Some of the features are labeled, but note also that + denotes the position of the average residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is a data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (County educational attainment). (County Data) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 Lower Average Age Counties Ranked by Average Age, in Deciles Higher Avergage Age Cumulative Not Cumulative This chart shows cumulative and non-cumulative subscribership ratios by county average age in deciles. Counties were grouped into deciles based on the average age of the county population. For each decile, the height of any red, non-cumulative bar represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction across counties in the decile to the sum of households across counties in the decile. The height of the blue, cumulative bar for decile N represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction across all counties in decile N and all deciles less than N, to the number of households in all the counties in decile N and deciles less than N. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (County average age). 123 456 78 910 Lower Average Age County Average Age by Decile Higher Average Age Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in the average age decile. Some of the features are labeled, but note also that + denotes the position of the average residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is a data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (County average age). (County Data) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 Lower Share Counties Ranked by Share of Population White, in Deciles Higher Share Cumulative Not Cumulative This chart shows cumulative and non-cumulative subscribership ratios by the share of county population white alone in deciles. Counties were grouped into deciles based on the share of the county population that reported their race as white alone. For each decile,the height of any red, non-cumulative bar represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction across counties in the decile to the sum of households across counties in the decile. The height of the blue, cumulative bar for decile N represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction across all counties in decile N and all deciles less than N, to the number of households in all the counties in decile N and deciles less than N. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (Race). 123 456 78 910 Lower Share County Share White Alone by Decile Higher Share Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in each race decile. Counties were grouped into deciles based on the share of the county population that reported their race as white alone. Some of the features are labeled, but note also that + denotes the position of the averageresidential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is a data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (Race). 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Lowest Density Highest Density aDSL Cable Modem FTTP Satellite Fixed Wireless This chart shows subscribership ratios by technology and household density. Tracts were grouped into 100 density percentiles based on households per square mile, calculated as the ratio of estimated tract households in 2010 to tract land area from the Census Bureau. For each percentile, the height of the bar represents the household-weighted average ratio of residential fixed connections to households across tracts in the percentile. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (Tract land area). Percentage of Residential Fixed High-Speed Connections Chart 28 Average Subscribership Ratios by Income and Household Density as of June 30, 2010 (Residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction by Tract) 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Richest Highest Density Poorest Lowest Density This chart shows subscribership ratios by household density and income quantiles. Tracts were grouped into 400 density/income quantiles based on households per square mile, calculated as the ratio of estimated tract households in 2010 to tract land area from the Census Bureau, and median household income. For each quantile, the height of the bar represents the household-weighted average ratio of residential fixed connections to households across tracts in the decile. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (Tract land area, Median household income). Chart 29 Median Ratios of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Income and Density 100% Tract Data as of June 30, 2010 90% 80% 70%seholds 60%ns to Hou 50%onnectio 40%Median Ratio of C 30% 20% 10% 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Tract Median Income in Deciles Lower Density less than $22,907 $32,004 to $35,699 $43,859 to $49,750 Tract Density (Households pe $22,907 to $28,245 $35,699 to $39,615 $49,750 to $57,281 r Square Mile) in Deciles $28,245 to $32,004 $39,615 to $43,859 $57,281 to $70,136 Higher Density more than $70,136 Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (Median household income in 1999). Technical Notes General Detailed information about FCC Form 477 reporting requirements is available at http://www.fcc.gov/form477/. Wherever a number of providers is cited in this report, multiple Form 477 filers within a holding company structure count as one provider. Form 477 collects information about Internet access connections in service to end-user locations that are advertised to deliver information to and/or from the end user – that is, in at least one direction – at transfer rates (“speeds”) above 200 kilobits per second (kbps). Information is collected about connections in 72 speed tiers (nine upstream tiers and eight downstream) defined by ranges of upstream speeds and downstream speeds. Connections are further categorized by the technology employed by the part of the connection that terminates at the end-user location. “End users” are residential, business, institutional, or government entities who use services for their own purposes and who do not resell such services to other entities. Facilities-based providers report information about connections they provide directly to their own end-user customers and also connections that they provide to Internet Service Providers for resale to end users. For Form 477 purposes, the facilities-based provider of a connection is the entity that owns the portion of the physical facility that terminates at the end-user location, obtains an unbundled network element (UNE), special access line, or other leased facility that terminates at the end-user location and provisions/equips it as a connection that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction, or provisions/equips a wireless channel that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction to the end-user location over licensed spectrum or over spectrum that the provider uses on an unlicensed basis. The mutually exclusive Form 477 technology categories are: asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (“aDSL” in this report), symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (“sDSL”), other wireline, cable modem, optical fiber to the end-user premises (“FTTP”), satellite, fixed wireless (using licensed or unlicensed spectrum), mobile wireless (using licensed or unlicensed spectrum), electric power line, and all other (which is included to capture deployment of additional technologies over time). In the Form 477 data collection, aDSL-based services delivered over fiber-to-the-node architecture are reported in the aDSL category. The other wireline category comprises T1/DS1, T3/DS3, and other copper-based connections, not elsewhere categorized, that deliver Internet access service at the end-user location. Ethernet connections delivering Internet access service are reported in the other wireline category if the connection terminates over copper and in the FTTP category if the connection terminates over fiber. Connections deployed over hybrid fiber-coax (HFC) architecture are reported in the cable modem category. Wireless ISPs (“WISPs”) report in the fixed wireless category if providing service to dispersed, fixed end-user locations and report in the mobile wireless category if providing a commercial service that can be received at any location within a service footprint. Wireless local area networks (such as Wi-Fi hotspots) that only enable local distribution and sharing of a premises connection are not included, although the shared premises connection is included. Numbers of connections presented in this report are not adjusted for the number of persons at a single end-user location who have access to, or who use, the Internet access services delivered over the connection to that location. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 80 Numbers of residential connections are estimated based on the total connections and percentage-residential connections information reported on Form 477. Census tracts Starting with data as of December 31, 2008, facilities-based providers of reportable fixed-location Internet access connections must report connection counts and percentage residential information at the census tract level of detail. Because of the inherent mobility of their service, facilities-based mobile wireless providers do not report subscriber counts by census tract. Instead, they report the census tracts in the state that best represent the areas where service is available over the provider’s own network, for each of the speed tiers in which the provider offers service. For the 2000 decennial census, the Census Bureau assigned a default census tract code of 000000 to some coastal and Great Lakes water and territorial sea. These default-code tracts are not included in the statistics presented in this report, which therefore summarize data for 66,287 census tracts. According to GeoLytics, Inc. estimates for 2009, fewer than 200 census tracts have population but no households because the population resides in group living quarters. For the purpose of estimating residential subscribership rates by census tract, we assume these census tracts have no reportable residential Internet access service because persons residing in group quarters would have Internet access over a business connection provided to the operator of the group quarters. Therefore, these census tracts are included in the “zero” column. Decline in reported mobile wireless connections between June 2008 and December 2008 Changed reporting instructions starting in December 2008 caused a one-time decrease in the reported number of mobile wireless Internet access service connections, from about 60 million in June 2008 to about 25 million in December 2008. For reporting periods through June 30, 2008, Form 477 had instructed mobile wireless providers to report the number of subscribers whose mobile device (such as a wireless modem laptop card, smartphone, or handset) was capable of sending or receiving data at speeds above 200 kbps. The Commission found these instructions insufficiently precise to enable it to determine, from the reported data, the number of subscribers making regular use of Internet access service above 200 kbps as part of their mobile service package. Starting with the December 31, 2008 data, therefore, Form 477 requires mobile wireless providers to report the number of subscribers that have a capable device (as discussed above) for which the subscription includes a data plan for transferring, on a monthly basis, either a specified or an unlimited amount of data to and from Internet sites of the subscriber’s choice, and excluding subscribers whose choice of content is restricted to only customized­for-mobile content (for example, text and multimedia messaging, or the capacity to download ringtones and games). Starting with the December 31, 2008, data, providers also must report, explicitly and separately, total subscribers with a device capable of sending or receiving data at speeds above 200 kbps, irrespective of the service plan purchased. The number of such devices reported for December 2008 was about 86 million. That figure is not directly comparable to mobile wireless connections reported for June 2008 or earlier reporting periods, however, because individual providers – to a varying and largely unknown degree – included or excluded subscribers with service plans for less than full Internet access in the earlier data. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 81 Finally, the Form 477 modifications adopted for the December 31, 2008, and later, data specify how mobile wireless providers should distinguish between residential subscribers and other subscribers, and some of these providers consequently reported a larger share of residential subscribers than they had reported for earlier dates. Ratios of residential fixed-location connections to households that exceed 100% Starting with data as of December 31, 2008, information about connections over fixed-location technologies must be reported for individual census tracts. This allows us to estimate the share of households with fixed-location connections in individual census tracts by taking the ratio of the reported number of fixed-location residential service connections to the estimated number of households. In the year-end 2009 data, we continue to find “outlier” estimates at or above 100% and to find that the number of outliers is substantially reduced when estimates are made for individual counties rather than for individual census tracts. Possible explanations of ratios at or above 100% include (1) geocoding misallocations of service locations to census tracts; (2) proper allocation of connections to the county level by some filers, but improper allocation of all connections to a single tract in the county; (3) possible overestimation of residential connections in service plans for which the customer base is primarily residential; and (4) connections at seasonally or occasionally occupied housing units, such as vacation homes, while the household is counted elsewhere. The numbers of households in census tracts that were used to generate the estimated ratios are themselves estimates (for 2010, from GeoLytics, Inc.), which could have an independent effect. Maps showing number of providers by census tract Readers of previous reports in this series may note certain differences in the provider-count maps in this report as compared to maps for June 30, 2008 and earlier dates, which showed the number of providers by 5-digit geographical ZIP Code. The ZIP Code-based maps counted (at the holding company level) each provider with any fixed-location connections (wired, terrestrial fixed wireless, or satellite) reported for the ZIP Code and also any mobile wireless service provider who listed the ZIP Code as part of its service area. By contrast, in this report we provide separate maps for providers (counted at the holding company level) of fixed-location connections and for mobile wireless providers. Also, we present maps showing the number of providers that reported any residential fixed-location connections, thereby excluding any providers of exclusively business fixed-location connections in the census tract. Maps showing residential subscribership rates by census tract The two maps based on estimated Internet access connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction per 1,000 households (that is, estimated household subscribership, or adoption, rates) are not comparable to ZIP Code-based maps developed from FCC Form 477 data for June 30, 2008 and earlier dates because numbers of connections were never reported for individual ZIP Codes. Readers should note that these two maps (1) exclude all connections identified as business connections and (2) necessarily exclude residential mobile wireless connections (which are reported for the state but not for individual census tracts). U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 82 Glossary Term Definition aDSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line: A digital local loop typically using copper facilities and providing greater bandwidth in one direction than the other. Cable modem service A service which offers customers access to the Internet over a cable system. Downstream speed Speed of transmission from the Internet to the end user. End users Residential, business, institutional, or government entities who use services for their own purposes and who do not resell such services to other entities. Facilities-based provider Entity that owns the portion of the physical facility that terminates at the end-user location, obtains an unbundled network element (UNE), special access line, or other leased facility that terminates at the end-user location and provisions/equips it as a connection that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction, or provisions/equips a wireless channel that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction to the end-user location over licensed spectrum or over spectrum that the provider uses on an unlicensed basis. Fixed wireless A radio communication service between specified fixed points. Fixed-location technologies All technologies other than terrestrial mobile wireless. FTTH or FTTP Fiber to the Home (Premises): A network access architecture in which optical fiber is deployed all the way to the customer’s home (premises). Internet access service Service that provides end users access to the Internet. ISPs Internet Service Providers: Companies or organizations that provide Internet access service (see above). iVoIP Interconnected Voice Over Internet Protocol: A service that enables real-time, two-way voice communications; requires a broadband connection from the user’s location; requires Internet-protocol compatible customer premises equipment; and permits users generally to receive calls that originate on the public switched telephone network and to terminate calls to the public switched telephone network. Mobile wireless service A radio communication service between mobile and fixed stations, or between mobile stations. Mobile wireless provider Provider of mobile wireless service (see above). Other wireline All copper-wire based technologies other than DSL technologies; Ethernet over copper and T-1 are examples. Power line Internet access service delivered over electric power transmission lines. Satellite communications A telecommunications service provided via one or more satellite relays and their associated uplinks and downlinks. sDSL Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line: DSL technology that provides equal bandwidth for both uploads and downloads. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 83 Speed tiers Sub-groupings defined by ranges of upstream speeds and downstream speeds. Upstream speed Speed of transmission from the end user to the Internet. Wi-Fi hotspot Wireless Fidelity: Generic term referring to any type of IEEE 802.11 wireless network. A hotspot is a small geographic area in which users can gain access to a Wi-Fi network which in turn connects to the Internet. Wireless service Telephone, Internet, data, and other services provided to customers through the transmission of signals over networks of radio towers. Wireless service provider Provider of wireless service (see above). Wireless telecommunications Any means of electronic data transfer using electromagnetic means, most commonly radio waves. WISP Wireless ISP: A company that provides end users with wireless access to the Internet, most commonly by using radio spectrum designated for unlicensed use. WLAN Wireless local area network: A WLAN uses radio waves to connect user devices to a local area network (LAN), thereby extending an existing wired LAN. . U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 84 Customer Response Publication: Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2010 You can help us provide the best possible information to the public by completing this form and returning it to the Industry Analysis and Technology Division of the FCC's Wireline Competition Bureau. 1. Please check the category that best describes you: ____ press ____ current telecommunications carrier ____ potential telecommunications carrier ____ business customer evaluating vendors/service options ____ consultant, law firm, lobbyist ____ other business customer ____ academic/student ____ residential customer ____ FCC employee ____ other federal government employee ____ state or local government employee ____ Other (please specify) 2. 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