Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 Industry Analysis and Technology Division Wireline Competition Bureau October 2011 This report is available for reference in the FCC’s Reference Information Center, Courtyard Level, 445 12th Street, SW, Washington, DC. Copies may be purchased by contacting Best Copy and Printing, Inc., 445 12th Street, SW, Room CY-B402, Washington, DC 20554, telephone (800) 378-3160, or via their website at www.bcpiweb.com. The report can also be downloaded from the Wireline Competition Bureau Statistical Reports Internet site at www.fcc.gov/wcb/stats. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 i Table of Contents Introduction..............................................................................................................................................1 Connection speeds....................................................................................................................................2 Figure 1(a) Distribution of Reportable Connections by Downstream Speed................................3 Figure 1(b) Distribution of Reportable Connections by Upstream Speed.....................................4 Figure 2(a) Distribution by Upstream Speed of Reportable Connections with Downstream Speed Below 3 mbps .............................................................................5 Figure 2(b) Distribution by Upstream Speed of Reportable Connections with Downstream Speed at Least 3 mbps but Below 6 mbps.............................................6 Figure 2(c) Distribution by Upstream Speed of Reportable Connections with Downstream Speed at Least 6 mbps ...........................................................................7 Providers by census tract by connection speed....................................................................................8 Figure 3(a) Percentages of Households Located in Census Tracts Where Providers Report Residential Fixed-Location Connections of Various Speeds .........................8 Figure 3(b) Percentages of Households Located in Census Tracts Where Providers Report Residential Fixed-Location Connections of Various Speeds or Operate a Mobile Wireless Network Capable of Delivering Service of Various Speeds........................................................................................................9 A decade of Internet access adoption. .................................................................................................10 Figure 4 Fixed-Location Connections 1999-2010...................................................................10 Other report highlights .........................................................................................................................11 Residential subscribership ................................................................................................................11 Household adoption by speed tier ....................................................................................................11 Census tract and county shares of households with reportable connections...................................12 Household adoption rates and subscribership demographics ..........................................................12 Maps of providers by census tract ....................................................................................................12 Remainder of the report .......................................................................................................................12 Detailed Summary Statistics: The Nation..........................................................................................14 Detailed Summary Statistics: The States...........................................................................................34 Detailed Summary Statistics: Counties and Census Tracts ............................................................51 Detailed Correlation Results: Demographic Measures....................................................................67 Technical Notes ......................................................................................................................................81 Glossary ..................................................................................................................................................84 Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 Introduction. This report summarizes information about Internet access connections over 200 kilobits per second (kbps) in at least one direction in service in the United States on December 31, 2010, as collected by FCC Form 477. Form 477 gathers standardized information about subscribership to Internet access services in the fifty states, District of Columbia, and inhabited insular areas (American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and U.S. Virgin Islands). The information is reported by telephone companies, cable system operators, terrestrial wireless service providers, satellite service providers, and other facilities-based providers of advanced telecommunications capability. 1 Notable developments during 2010 include: • Internet connections overall are growing. The number of connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction increased by 28% in 2010 to nearly 169 million. • Growth is particularly high in mobile Internet subscriptions, but fixed-location connections also continue to increase. The number of mobile subscriptions exceeded 84 million by December 2010 – up 63% for the year. The number of fixed-location connections increased by 6% to over 84 million at year’s end. • Both fixed and mobile services are shifting to higher speeds. By the end of 2010, 53% of fixed- location connections and 13% of mobile subscriptions were at speeds at or above the availability benchmark adopted in the Sixth Broadband Deployment Report, up from 49% and 4% respectively at the end of 2009. The report reflects the Commission’s efforts to improve the way it collects, uses, and disseminates data by focusing in detail on reported connection speeds. Before presenting that information, we note two important points about the Form 477 data. • First, the data track subscribership, or adoption, of services of different speeds; they do not directly measure the availability of services of different speeds. That is, if service connections of different speeds are available to a particular consumer for purchase – from one or more suppliers – then only the purchased connection is counted by Form 477. • Second, the reported connection speed is typically based on the advertised speed of the purchased service, such as the advertised “up to” speed of a wired service or the advertised range of “typical speeds” of a mobile wireless service. It is possible that the purchased service will not operate at its advertised speed at all times. 2 1 See the Technical Notes and the Glossary that appear at the end of this report for more-detailed information about the Form 477 data collection and the meaning of terms used in this report. 2 The Commission has worked in partnership with a third-party measurement company, SamKnows, to test actual consumer broadband speeds. See, e.g., Federal Communications Commission, Office of Engineering and Technology and Consumer and Governmental Affairs Bureau, Measuring Broadband America: A Report on Consumer Wireline Broadband Performance in the U.S. (August 2011), available at http://www.fcc.gov/measuring- broadband-america. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 1 This is the fifth report to include details about subscribership differences among census tracts and counties, as well as subscribership differences among the states. 3 And we continue to illustrate correlations of subscribership and demographic measures. Connection speeds. The Form 477 program categorizes reportable connections into 72 speed tiers defined by eight ranges of downstream and nine ranges of upstream speed. In this overview discussion, we organize the extensive information collected for December 2010 into three groups of downstream speeds and three groups of upstream speeds. For the breakpoints between these groups, we use the Form 477-defined breakpoints that the Commission discussed as potential proxies for the broadband availability benchmark adopted in the Sixth Broadband Deployment Report. 4 These Form 477-defined breakpoints are 3 mbps and 6 mbps for downstream speeds and 768 kbps and 1.5 mbps for upstream speeds. 5 3 The Form 477 program began collecting state-level data in 2000. Census tract-level data were first collected in December 2008. For an overview of program history, see High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31, 2008 (February 2010) (December 2008 High-Speed Report) at pp. 1-4, available at http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html. Readers who are interested in historical trends in the Form 477 data should note the changes in reporting requirements that were effective in 2008 and earlier, in 2005. 4 The Commission benchmarked broadband as a transmission service that enables an end user actually to download Internet content at 4 megabits per second (mbps) and to upload Internet content at 1 mbps over the service provider’s network. See Inquiry Concerning the Deployment of Advanced Telecommunications Capability to All Americans in a Reasonable and Timely Fashion, and Possible Steps to Accelerate Such Deployment Pursuant to Section 706 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, Amended by the Broadband Data Improvement Act, GN Docket Nos. 09-137, 09-51, Report, 25 FCC Rcd 95560, 9563, para. 11 (2010) (Sixth Broadband Deployment Report). 5 See Sixth Broadband Deployment Report, 25 FCC Rcd at 9568, para. 20. As explained there, the Commission decided to evaluate the evidence of broadband availability using the Form 477-defined speed breakpoints of 3 mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 2 Figure 1(a) illustrates how the connections reported for December 2010 were distributed across the three ranges of downstream speed defined by breakpoints at 3 mbps and at 6 mbps. Figure 1(a) Distribution of Reportable Connections (168,879,000) by Downstream Speed as of December 31, 2010 32% 10% 58% Downstream Speed ? 6 mbps (53,820,000 connections) 3 mbps ? Downstream Speed < 6 mbps (17,187,000 connections) Downstream Speed < 3 mbps (97,873,000 connections) • At year-end 2010, 58% of reportable connections (or 97.9 million connections) were slower than 3 mbps in the downstream direction, 10% (or 17.2 million connections) were at least 3 mbps in the downstream direction but slower than 6 mbps, and 32% (or 53.8 million connections) were at least 6 mbps in the downstream direction. 6 • Mobile wireless connections slower than 3 mbps in the downstream direction increased by 15% (from 63.4 to 73.1 million) between June 2010 and December 2010 while the number of fixed connections slower than 3 mbps decreased by 8% (from 26.8 to 24.8 million). Total (fixed and mobile) connections slower than 3 mbps downstream increased by 8% (or 7.6 million connections) over the six months while connections of all reportable speeds increased by 13% (or 19.3 million connections). 6 Our narrative discussion of the speeds of all reportable connections (fixed and mobile) is summarized more concisely in Chart 1. Chart 2 provides connection-speed detail for fixed connections. Chart 5 provides connection- speed detail for mobile wireless connections. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 3 Figure 1(b) illustrates how the connections reported for December 2010 were distributed across the three ranges of upstream speed defined by breakpoints at 768 kbps and at 1.5 mbps. Figure 1(b) Distribution of Reportable Connections (168,879,000) by Upstream Speed as of December 31, 2010 19% 57% 24% Upstream Speed ? 1.5 mbps (31,986,000 connections) 768 kbps ? Upstream Speed < 1.5 mbps (40,511,000 connections) Upstream Speed < 768 kbps (96,383,000 connections) • At year-end 2010, 57% of reportable connections (or 96.4 million connections) were slower than 768 kbps in the upstream direction, 24% (or 40.5 million connections) were at least 768 kbps in the upstream direction but slower than 1.5 mbps, and 19% (or 32.0 million connections) were at least 1.5 mbps in the upstream direction. • Mobile wireless connections slower than 768 kbps in the upstream direction increased by 4% (from 58.6 to 60.9 million) between June 2010 and December 2010 while the number of fixed connections slower than 768 kbps decreased by 2% (from 36.1 to 35.5 million). Total (fixed and mobile) connections slower than 768 kbps upstream increased by 2% (or 1.7 million connections) over the six months while connections of all reportable speeds increased by 13% (or 19.3 million connections). U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 4 In Figures 2(a) – 2(c), we sequentially review the upstream speeds of the connections that fall into each of the three downstream-speed groupings that we illustrated in Figure 1(a). Figure 2(a) Distribution by Upstream Speed of Reportable Connections (97,873,000) with Downstream Speed Below 3 mbps as of December 31, 2010 10% 32% 0.5% 9.5% 48.0% 58% Downstream Speed < 3 mbps -- Upstream Speed ? 1.5 mbps (764,000 connections) Downstream Speed < 3 mbps -- 768 ? Upstream Speed <1.5 mbps (15,983,000 connections) Downstream Speed < 3 mbps -- Upstream Speed < 768 kbps (81,125,000 connections) • At year-end 2010, about 48% of reportable connections (or 81.1 million connections) were slower than 3 mbps in the downstream direction and also slower than 768 kbps in the upstream direction. • Additionally, about 10% of reportable connections (or 16.7 million connections) were fast enough in the upstream direction (at least 768 kbps) but too slow in the downstream direction (less than 3 mbps) to meet the broadband availability benchmark adopted in the Sixth Broadband Deployment Report. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 5 Figure 2(b) Distribution by Upstream Speed of Reportable Connections (17,187,000) with Downstream Speed at Least 3 mbps but Below 6 mbps as of December 31, 2010 32% 10% 58% 4.7% 4.6% 0.8% 3 mbps ? Downstream Speed < 6 mbps -- Upstream Speed ? 1.5 mbps (1,431,000 connections) 3 mbps ? Downstream Speed < 6 mbps -- 768 ? Upstream Speed < 1.5 mbps (7,776,000 connections) 3 mbps ? Downstream Speed < 6 mbps -- Upstream Speed < 768 kbps (7,980,000 connections) • At year-end 2010, about 5% of reportable connections (or 8.0 million connections) were at least 3 mbps but below 6 mbps in the downstream direction and were slower than 768 kbps in the upstream direction. These purchased connections are too slow in the upstream direction to meet the broadband availability benchmark adopted in the Sixth Broadband Deployment Report. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 6 Figure 2(c) Distribution by Upstream Speed of Reportable Connections (53,820,000) with Downstream Speed at Least 6 mbps as of December 31, 2010 10% 4.3% 9.9% 17.6% 58% 32% Downstream Speed ? 6 mbps -- Upstream Speed ? 1.5 mbps (29,790,000 connections) Downstream Speed ? 6 mbps -- 768 ? Upstream Speed < 1.5 mbps (16,752,000 connections) Downstream Speed ? 6 mbps -- Upstream Speed < 768 kbps (7,278,000 connections) • At year-end 2010, about 4% of reportable connections (or 7.3 million connections) were at least 6 mbps in the downstream direction and were slower than 768 kbps in the upstream direction. These purchased connections also are too slow in the upstream direction to meet the broadband availability benchmark adopted in the Sixth Broadband Deployment Report. • In sum, 67% of reportable Internet access service connections (or 113.1 million connections) in December 2010 were too slow in both the downstream and upstream directions, or too slow in a single direction, to meet the broadband availability benchmark adopted in the Sixth Broadband Deployment Report. About 48% of reportable connections (or 81.1 million connections) were too slow in both directions, about 10% (or 16.7 million connections) were too slow in the downstream direction only, and about 9% (or 15.3 million connections) were too slow in the upstream direction only. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 7 Providers by census tract by connection speed. In earlier reports in which we summarized Form 477 data through June 2008, we included summary statistics for the percentage of 5-digit geographical ZIP Codes in which differing numbers of providers (zero providers, one provider, two providers, etc.) had customers for their reportable connections. 7 The ZIP Code-based data did not include information about the speeds of the connections that were purchased in particular ZIP Codes. However, the census tract- level information collected on Form 477 since December 2008 does include the speeds of purchased fixed-location connections. 8 In Figure 3(a), we use that information to estimate the percentages of households located in census tracts where zero, one, two, or three or more providers reported residential fixed-location connections of several different speeds at year-end 2010. 9 Figure 3(a) Percentages of Households Located in Census Tracts Where Providers Report Residential Fixed-Location Connections of Various Speeds as of December 31, 2010 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 3+ Providers 45 29 3 3 2 Providers 48 50 26 25 1 Provider 7185757 0 Providers 0 3 14 15 At least 3 mbps downstream & over 200 kbps upstream At least 3 mbps downstream & 768 kbps upstream At least 6 mbps downstream & 1.5 mbps upstream At least 10 mbps downstream & 1.5 mbps upstream Figures may not sum to 100% due to rounding. 7 For the most recent such report, see High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of June 30, 2008 (July 2009) (June 2008 High-Speed Report) at pp. 1-4, available at http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html. 8 Mobile wireless providers report the number of service subscriptions they have sold, and the speeds of those service subscriptions, at the state level only. For individual census tracts, they report the speeds of mobile wireless service subscriptions that they offer for sale – that is, the capability of the network that they operate in the census tract. 9 A provider who reports residential connections of a particular speed in a particular census tract may or may not offer service of that speed everywhere in the census tract. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 8 In Figure 3(b), we estimate the percentages of households in census tracts where providers reported residential fixed-location connections of different speeds or operated a mobile wireless network capable of sending or receiving data at the indicated speeds. Figure 3(b) Percentages of Households Located in Census Tracts Where Providers Report Residential Fixed-Location Connections of Various Speeds or Operate a Mobile Wireless Network Capable of Delivering Service of Various Speeds as of December 31, 2010 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 3+ Providers 81 72 42 3 2 Providers 16 18 21 25 1 Provider 3 9 26 57 0 Providers 0 2 11 15 At least 3 mbps downstream & over 200 kbps upstream At least 3 mbps downstream & 768 kbps upstream At least 6 mbps downstream & 1.5 mbps upstream At least 10 mbps downstream & 1.5 mbps upstream Figures may not sum to 100% due to rounding. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 9 Internet access adoption. The Commission has systematically collected, compiled, and published data about the adoption of fixed-location Internet access connections faster than 200 kbps in at least one direction for more than a decade. Figure 4 illustrates the adoption of fixed-location Internet access connections (that is, all reportable connections except mobile wireless connections) since 1999. 10 Figure 4 Fixed-Location Connections 1999-2010 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 D e c 19 9 9 J un 20 00 D ec 20 00 J un 20 01 D e c 2 0 01 J u n 2 0 02 Dec 20 0 2 Ju n 2 0 0 3 D ec 20 03 J u n 20 04 Dec 2 0 04 Ju n 2 0 0 5 D e c 20 0 5 Ju n 2 0 0 6 D ec 20 06 J un 20 07 D ec 20 07 J u n 2 0 08 D e c 2 0 08 Ju n 2 0 0 9 Dec 20 0 9 Ju n 2 0 1 0 D ec 20 10 Con n ect i o ns in T h ou sand s 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Connect ions per 100 Unit s Residential Fixed Connections (left axis) Total Fixed Connections (left axis) Residential Fixed Connections per 100 Households (right axis) Total Fixed Connections per 100 Population (right axis) • In the decade between December 2000 and December 2010, total (business and residential) reportable fixed-location connections grew from 7 million connections to 84 million connections – at a compound annual growth rate of 29% per year. • In the same decade, residential fixed-location connections grew from 5 million connections to 77 million connections – at a compound annual growth rate of 31% per year. • Between 2000 and 2010, household adoption – which we track in Figure 4 by comparing the number of residential fixed-location connections to the number of households – increased from 3 connections per 100 households to 63 connections per 100 households. 11,12 10 Reportable connections for December 1999 through June 2005 are summarized in our report High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of June 30, 2008 (July 2009), Tables 1 and 2, available in Excel format at http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html. The more recent data are discussed later in this report. 11 We also show total (including business as well as residential) fixed-location connections per 100 population in Figure 4, which is a statistic routinely reported by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This ratio incorporates connections to business locations into a comparison to persons. A more accurately U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 10 Other report highlights. Residential subscribership • Residential fixed-location Internet access connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction increased by 2% during the second half of 2010, to 77 million. See Table 3. • Reported residential mobile wireless service subscribers with mobile devices and data plans for full Internet access increased by 21%, to 63 million, during the second half of 2010. See Table 3. • The reported data show a 10% increase between June 2010 and December 2010 in the number of residential fixed-location connections that are at least 6 mbps downstream and 1.5 mbps upstream (from 22.3 million to 24.6 million) and an 11% increase in the number of connections that are at least 10 mbps downstream and 1.5 mbps upstream (from 21.8 million to 24.2 million). See Chart 12. 13 Household adoption by speed tier • As a national average in December 2010, there were 35 residential fixed-location connections per 100 households for connections with speeds that were reported to be at least 3 mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream. That was slightly more than half as large as the ratio for residential fixed-location connections of any reportable speed. 14 See Tables 15 and 16. measured indicator of this type would include only connections to residential locations, but OECD does not have comprehensive, consistent information about residential connections in the member countries. (We note that the ratio of accurately measured residential fixed-location connections to population has a maximum value for any given country and point in time – the value when every household is connected – if we assume that no household would have more than one fixed connection to its premises. For the United States in June 2010, for example, the maximum value would be 38 because there were about 119.7 million households in the United States and inhabited insular areas and a population of about 313.2 million.) 12 For consistency of presentation, we include only mid-year ratios in Figure 4. We calculated total fixed connections per 100 population using U.S. Census Bureau population estimates for the United States and Puerto Rico – which are as of July 1 each year – and Census 2000 population for the remaining inhabited insular areas. We calculated residential fixed connections per 100 households using U.S. household estimates from the Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey (CPS) for July of each year and Census 2000 households for the inhabited insular areas. (The CPS also estimates U.S. households for March and November of each year.) 13 Using revised data that were filed after our most recent report was released, the increases over the preceding six- month period, from December 2009 to June 2010, had been 12% (from 19.8 to 22.3 million) and 12% (from 19.5 to 21.8 million), respectively. 14 Increases over time in the ratio of residential fixed-location connections to households indicate that increasing shares of households are connected at home. The ratio is somewhat different from the “take rate” of offered service because, as discussed in connection with Figure 3(a), some households are located in areas where apparently no fixed-location service is offered (as none is purchased). U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 11 Census tract and county shares of households with reportable connections • We estimate the share of households with fixed-location Internet access connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction in individual census tracts and counties as of December 31, 2010. Our estimates continue to indicate that there are substantial areas of relatively low and relatively high household adoption around the national average. See Charts 15 and 16. • For both census tracts and counties, we continue to find estimates above 100% for the share of households with reportable fixed-location Internet access connections. These results suggest that some filers are not accurately assigning customer connections to census tracts, and anecdotal evidence supports that conclusion. 15 Household adoption rates and subscribership demographics • The report includes charts that illustrate correlations between household subscribership, or adoption, rates and demographic measures. We update charts based on income, household density, education, age, and race. The data indicate that some demographic variables are correlated with the adoption of Internet access service. See Charts 17-29. Maps of providers by census tract • Maps depict the number of providers of reportable connections by census tract. These maps are similar to previously published maps of providers by ZIP Code, but differ in important respects. In particular, instead of a single map combining providers of connections over all technologies and to both residential and business end users, now separate maps depict: (1) providers of total (combined residential and business) reportable fixed-location connections, (2) providers of residential reportable fixed-location connections, (3) providers of residential fixed-location connections at least 3 mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream, and (4) providers making reportable mobile wireless service available. 16 Remainder of the report. The remainder of the report consists of tables, charts, and maps that highlight different aspects of Internet access service subscriptions. This information is organized into four sections, as described below. As always, publicly accessible data that are too voluminous to include in this report are available online at http://www.fcc.gov/wcb/iatd/comp.html. • Detailed Summary Statistics: The Nation. Tables 1-14 and Charts 1-14 focus in order on: number of connections, speed of connections, technology of connections, and number of providers. • Detailed Summary Statistics: The States. Tables 15-24 present comparable information for the individual states and our estimates of the shares of households that are connected at different speeds. 15 For example, while contacting Form 477 filers with questions about reported data, FCC staff continue to find situations in which all connections reported for a county have been assigned to a single, anomalous census tract. 16 As discussed in the Technical Notes, a mobile wireless provider should only report service availability in census tracts where the provider operates a network capable of sending or receiving data at speeds above 200 kbps. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 12 • Detailed Summary Statistics: Counties and Census Tracts. Charts 15-16 and Tables 25-29 present information about differences among counties and census tracts. This section concludes with two maps that illustrate differences among census tracts in the estimated share of connected households and the four maps (discussed above) that illustrate providers by census tract. • Detailed Correlation Results: Demographic Measures. Charts 17-29 present details of the correlations observed between the estimated share of connected households and demographic measures. * * * * We invite users of this information to suggest improvements in the data analysis by using the attached customer response form or sending comments to IATDreports@fcc.gov for subject: December 2010 Internet services data, and to participate in proceedings the Commission undertakes to improve the data collection. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 13 Detailed Summary Statistics: The Nation Contents of this section Number of connections Table 1 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2006-2010.....................................16 Table 2 Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream 2008-2010...............16 Table 3 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2006-2010 .................16 Table 4 Residential Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream 2008-2010 ...........................................................................................................16 Speed of connections Chart 1 Distribution of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of December 31, 2010..............................................................................................................17 Chart 2 Distribution of Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of December 31, 2010.....................................................................................................18 Chart 3 Distribution of Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of December 31, 2010.....................................................................................................19 Chart 4 Distribution of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of December 31, 2010.....................................................................................20 Chart 5 Distribution of Mobile Wireless Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of December 31, 2010.....................................................................................21 Table 5 Connections and Percentage Residential by Speed Tier as of December 31, 2010...........22 Table 6 Fixed Connections and Percentage Residential by Speed Tier as of December 31, 2010..............................................................................................................23 Technology of connections Table 7 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2006-2010...........24 Chart 6 Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2010 ......................................................24 Table 8 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2006-2010 ............................................................................................................................25 Chart 7 Residential Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2010...................................25 Connections by speed and technology Table 9 Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2008-2010...................................................................................................26 Chart 8 Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology as of December 31, 2010 ...........................................................................26 Table 10 Residential Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2008-2010...................................................................................................27 Chart 9 Residential Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology as of December 31, 2010 ...........................................................................27 Chart 10 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2005-2010 (Shares of selected technologies) ........................................................................................28 Chart 11 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2006-2010 (Net adds for selected technologies) ...................................................................................28 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 14 Chart 12 Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2010 (Shares of selected technologies for selected speeds) ........................................................29 Table 11 Residential Connections by Technology and Speed (BTOP/BIP Definition) as of December 31, 2010.....................................................................................................30 Chart 13 Residential Connections (BTOP/BIP Definition) by Technology as of December 31, 2010.....................................................................................................30 Table 12 Connections by Speed Tier and Technology as of December 31, 2010 ............................31 Table 13 Residential Connections by Speed Tier and Technology as of December 31, 2010 .........32 Number of providers Table 14 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2006-2010 ........................................................33 Chart 14 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction: Selected Technologies 2006-2010 ..........................................33 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 15 1 Table 1 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2006-2010 (In thousands) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Technology Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Total 82,525 100,986 121,222 132,814 102,239 116,374 131,604 149,531 168,879 Total Fixed 60,238 65,681 70,206 73,123 75,707 77,979 79,962 81,742 84,482 Mobile Wireless 1 22,288 35,305 51,016 59,691 26,532 38,395 51,642 67,789 84,397 Table 2 Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream 2008-2010 (In thousands) 2008 2009 2010 Technology Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Total 31,120 33,327 41,036 45,549 55,749 Total Fixed 30,987 33,103 38,958 41,361 44,671 Mobile Wireless 1 133 224 2,078 4,188 11,078 Table 3 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2006-2010 (In thousands) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Technology Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Total 58,344 66,173 73,984 79,090 88,190 100,574 112,868 127,186 139,837 Total Fixed 55,652 60,628 64,875 67,554 69,047 71,493 73,366 75,232 76,883 Mobile Wireless 1 2,692 5,545 9,109 11,536 19,142 29,081 39,503 51,954 62,954 Table 4 Residential Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream 2008-2010 (In thousands) 2008 2009 2010 Technology Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Total 29,127 31,352 38,772 42,240 47,828 Total Fixed 29,013 31,157 36,840 39,034 41,747 Mobile Wireless 1 114 196 1,932 3,206 6,081 1 Reporting instructions for mobile wireless changed between the June 2008 and December 2008 data. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Note: Some historical data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 16 2 Chart 1 Distribution of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of December 31, 2010 Note: Inner circle (light shading) represents upstream speeds. Downstream Speed < 3 mbps; 58.0% >= 3 mbps & < 6 mbps; 10.2% >= 6 mbps; 31.9% < 768 kbps 48.0% >= 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 9.5% >= 1.5 mbps 0.5% < 768 kbps 4.7% >= 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 4.6% >= 1.5 mbps 0.8% >= 1.5 mbps 17.6% >= 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 9.9% < 768 kbps 4.3% Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands) Downstream Speed Upstream Speed Less than 3 mbps At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps At least 6 mbps Total Less than 768 kbps 81,125 7,980 7,278 96,383 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 15,983 7,776 16,752 40,511 At least 1.5 mbps 764 1,431 29,790 31,986 Total 97,873 17,187 53,820 168,879 Percentages Less than 768 kbps 48.0 4.7 4.3 57.1 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 9.5 4.6 9.9 24.0 At least 1.5 mbps 0.5 0.8 17.6 18.9 Total 58.0 10.2 31.9 100.0 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 17 3 Chart 2 Distribution of Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of December 31, 2010 Note: Inner circle (light shading) represents upstream speeds. Downstream Speed < 3 mbps; 29.3% >= 3 mbps & < 6 mbps; 15.8% >= 6 mbps; 54.9% < 768 kbps 24.2% >= 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 4.5% >= 1.5 mbps 0.7% < 768 kbps 9.2% >= 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 6.1% >= 1.5 mbps 0.5% >= 1.5 mbps 30.8% >= 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 15.6% < 768 kbps 8.6% Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands) Downstream Speed Upstream Speed Less than 3 mbps At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps At least 6 mbps Total Less than 768 kbps 20,416 7,773 7,262 35,451 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 3,782 5,149 13,140 22,070 At least 1.5 mbps 579 394 25,988 26,961 Total 24,777 13,316 46,390 84,482 Percentages Less than 768 kbps 24.2 9.2 8.6 42.0 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 4.5 6.1 15.6 26.1 At least 1.5 mbps 0.7 0.5 30.8 31.9 Total 29.3 15.8 54.9 100.0 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 18 4 Chart 3 Distribution of Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of December 31, 2010 Note: Inner circle (light shading) represents upstream speeds. Downstream Speed < 3 mbps; 55.9% >= 3 mbps & < 6 mbps; 9.5% >= 6 mbps; 34.7% < 768 kbps 47.2% >= 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 8.5% >= 1.5 mbps 0.2% < 768 kbps 4.8% >= 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 3.8% >= 1.5 mbps 0.8% >= 1.5 mbps 20.1% >= 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 9.4% < 768 kbps 5.1% Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands) Downstream Speed Upstream Speed Less than 3 mbps At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps At least 6 mbps Total Less than 768 kbps 66,007 6,760 7,149 79,916 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 11,829 5,360 13,202 30,391 At least 1.5 mbps 263 1,138 28,129 29,530 Total 78,100 13,257 48,480 139,837 Percentages Less than 768 kbps 47.2 4.8 5.1 57.1 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 8.5 3.8 9.4 21.7 At least 1.5 mbps 0.2 0.8 20.1 21.1 Total 55.9 9.5 34.7 100.0 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 19 5 Chart 4 Distribution of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of December 31, 2010 Note: Inner circle (light shading) represents upstream speeds. Downstream Speed < 3 mbps; 27.9% >= 3 mbps & < 6 mbps; 14.6% >= 6 mbps; 57.5% < 768 kbps 23.3% >= 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 4.4% >= 1.5 mbps 0.1% < 768 kbps 8.5% >= 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 5.8% >= 1.5 mbps 0.3% >= 1.5 mbps 32.0% >= 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 16.2% < 768 kbps 9.3% Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands) Downstream Speed Upstream Speed Less than 3 mbps At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps At least 6 mbps Total Less than 768 kbps 17,942 6,562 7,133 31,637 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 3,408 4,430 12,491 20,330 At least 1.5 mbps 91 238 24,588 24,917 Total 21,441 11,230 44,212 76,883 Percentages Less than 768 kbps 23.3 8.5 9.3 41.1 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 4.4 5.8 16.2 26.4 At least 1.5 mbps 0.1 0.3 32.0 32.4 Total 27.9 14.6 57.5 100.0 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part VI. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 20 6 Chart 5 Distribution of Mobile Wireless Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of December 31, 2010 Note: Inner circle (light shading) represents upstream speeds. Downstream Speed < 3 mbps; 86.6% >= 3 mbps & < 6 mbps; 4.6% >= 6 mbps; 8.8% < 768 kbps 71.9% >= 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 14.5% >= 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 3.1% >= 1.5 mbps 1.2% >= 1.5 mbps 4.5% >= 768 kbps & < 1.5 mbps 4.3% Mobile Wireless Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands) Downstream Speed Upstream Speed Less than 3 mbps At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps At least 6 mbps Total Less than 768 kbps 60,709 207 16 60,932 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 12,201 2,627 3,612 18,440 At least 1.5 mbps 185 1,037 3,802 5,025 Total 73,096 3,871 7,430 84,397 Percentages Less than 768 kbps 71.9 0.2 0.0 72.2 At least 768 kbps & Less than 1.5 mbps 14.5 3.1 4.3 21.8 At least 1.5 mbps 0.2 1.2 4.5 6.0 Total 86.6 4.6 8.8 100.0 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 21 7 Table 5 Connections and Percentage Residential by Speed Tier as of December 31, 2010 (In thousands) Downstream Speed Upstream Speed Customer Class Greater than 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps At least 768 kbps and less than 1.5 mbps At least 1.5 mbps and less than 3 mbps At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps At least 6 mbps and less than 10 mbps At least 10 mbps and less than 25 mbps At least 25 mbps and less than 100 mbps At least 100 mbps Total Less than or equal to 200 kbps Total Connections 8,039 3,012 8,157 70 2 # 0 0 19,280 % Residential 69 95 54 92 98 99 0 0 67 Greater than 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps Total Connections 18,075 27,978 15,864 7,910 5,987 1,289 # 0 77,103 % Residential 76 90 90 85 98 99 15 0 87 At least 768 and less then 1.5 mbps Total Connections 1 7,818 8,164 7,776 10,625 6,125 * * 40,511 % Residential 93 84 64 69 68 98 73 0 75 At least 1.5 mbps and less than 3 mbps Total Connections * # 764 1,215 4,093 18,997 71 * 25,141 % Residential 29 83 34 85 93 95 99 30 93 At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps Total Connections * * 0 216 82 3,921 455 * 4,675 % Residential 100 0 0 46 58 96 81 100 92 At least 6 mbps and less than 10 mbps Total Connections 0 * 0 0 60 3 # * 62 % Residential 0 0 0 0 57 66 94 0 58 At least 10 mbps and less than 25 mbps Total Connections 0 0 0 * 0 1,399 133 * 1,538 % Residential 0 0 0 0 0 92 82 26 91 At least 25 mbps and less than 100 mbps Total Connections 0 0 0 * 0 0 529 * 529 % Residential 0 0 0 0 0 0 89 0 89 At least 100 mbps Total Connections 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 41 41 % Residential 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 13 Total Total Connections 26,114 38,808 32,950 17,187 20,849 31,734 1,189 48 168,879 % Residential 74 89 73 77 82 96 86 17 83 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 22 8 Table 6 Fixed Connections and Percentage Residential by Speed Tier as of December 31, 2010 (In thousands) Downstream Speed Upstream Speed Customer Class Greater than 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps At least 768 kbps and less than 1.5 mbps At least 1.5 mbps and less than 3 mbps At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps At least 6 mbps and less than 10 mbps At least 10 mbps and less than 25 mbps At least 25 mbps and less than 100 mbps At least 100 mbps Total Less than or equal to 200 kbps Total Connections 1,528 2,153 162 70 2 # 0 0 3,914 % Residential 82 95 53 92 98 99 0 0 89 Greater than 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps Total Connections 1,981 5,761 8,832 7,703 * 1,289 # * 31,536 % Residential 87 91 86 84 98 99 15 0 89 At least 768 and less then 1.5 mbps Total Connections 1 599 3,182 5,149 * 6,125 2 * 22,070 % Residential 93 76 93 86 93 98 73 0 92 At least 1.5 mbps and less than 3 mbps Total Connections * # 579 178 * 18,997 71 * 20,178 % Residential 29 83 16 78 90 95 99 30 93 At least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps Total Connections * * 0 * * 3,921 455 * 4,614 % Residential 100 0 0 46 44 96 81 100 92 At least 6 mbps and less than 10 mbps Total Connections 0 * 0 0 60 3 # * 62 % Residential 0 0 0 0 57 66 94 0 58 At least 10 mbps and less than 25 mbps Total Connections 0 0 0 * 0 1,399 133 * 1,538 % Residential 0 0 0 0 0 92 82 26 91 At least 25 mbps and less than 100 mbps Total Connections 0 0 0 * 0 0 529 * 529 % Residential 0 0 0 0 0 0 89 0 89 At least 100 mbps Total Connections 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 41 41 % Residential 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 13 Total Total Connections 3,509 8,513 12,754 13,316 13,419 31,734 1,189 48 84,482 % Residential 85 91 84 84 95 96 86 17 91 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 23 9 Table 7 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2006-2010 (In thousands) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Technology Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Total 82,525 100,986 121,222 132,814 102,239 116,374 131,604 149,531 168,879 Total Fixed 60,238 65,681 70,206 73,123 75,707 77,979 79,962 81,742 84,482 aDSL 25,413 27,793 29,449 29,964 30,198 30,618 30,973 30,743 31,457 sDSL 345 320 293 275 241 217 225 191 171 Other Wireline 545 622 605 665 705 684 714 750 788 Cable Modem 31,982 34,404 36,507 38,190 40,251 41,434 42,427 43,923 45,311 FTTP 1 894 1,281 1,849 2,346 2,884 3,543 3,975 4,436 4,988 Satellite 572 669 791 869 938 990 1,116 1,144 1,176 Fixed Wireless 483 587 707 808 485 488 527 551 586 Power Line and Other 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 Mobile Wireless 2 22,288 35,305 51,016 59,691 26,532 38,395 51,642 67,789 84,397 1 Fiber to the premises. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Reporting instructions for mobile wireless changed between the June 2008 and December 2008 data. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Note: Some historical data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. Chart 6 Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2010 aDSL 18.6% FTTP 3.0% Cable Modem 26.8% Mobile Wireless 50.0% All Other 1.6% U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 24 10 Table 8 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2006-2010 (In thousands) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Technology Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Total 58,344 66,173 73,984 79,090 88,190 100,574 112,868 127,186 139,837 Total Fixed 55,652 60,628 64,875 67,554 69,047 71,493 73,366 75,232 76,883 aDSL 22,768 24,962 26,475 26,950 26,488 27,035 27,389 27,475 27,456 sDSL 105 105 82 81 74 71 85 65 57 Other Wireline 13 12 17 32 42 44 51 56 70 Cable Modem 31,118 33,336 35,341 36,901 38,681 39,909 40,860 42,177 43,272 FTTP 1 764 1,153 1,683 2,139 2,717 3,344 3,754 4,180 4,699 Satellite 456 530 626 705 630 668 767 787 811 Fixed Wireless 424 523 644 741 410 417 454 486 512 Power Line and Other 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 Mobile Wireless 2 2,692 5,545 9,109 11,536 19,142 29,081 39,503 51,954 62,954 1 Fiber to the premises. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Reporting instructions for mobile wireless changed between the June 2008 and December 2008 data. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Note: Some historical data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. Chart 7 Residential Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2010 aDSL 19.6% FTTP 3.4% Cable Modem 30.9% Mobile Wireless 45.0% All Other 1.0% U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 25 11 Table 9 Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2008-2010 (In thousands) 2008 2009 2010 Technology Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Total 31,120 33,327 41,036 45,549 55,749 Total Fixed 30,987 33,103 38,958 41,361 44,671 aDSL 5,403 5,614 6,391 6,277 7,305 sDSL 5 9 19 13 14 Other Wireline 121 128 149 176 208 Cable Modem 22,708 23,958 28,581 30,616 32,318 FTTP 1 2,694 3,328 3,734 4,186 4,719 Satellite # # # # # Fixed Wireless 54 64 82 92 104 Power Line and Other 1 1 1 1 3 Mobile Wireless 2 133 224 2,078 4,188 11,078 # = Rounds to Zero. 1 Fiber to the premises. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Reporting instructions for mobile wireless changed between the June 2008 and December 2008 data. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Note: Some historical data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. Chart 8 Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology as of December 31, 2010 aDSL 13.1% FTTP 8.5% Cable Modem 58.0% Mobile Wireless 19.9% All Other 0.6% U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 26 12 Table 10 Residential Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2008-2010 (In thousands) 2008 2009 2010 Technology Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Total 29,127 31,352 38,772 42,240 47,828 Total Fixed 29,013 31,157 36,840 39,034 41,747 aDSL 4,613 4,895 5,635 5,559 6,423 sDSL 1 2 10 2 2 Other Wireline 10 11 18 19 33 Cable Modem 21,776 23,025 27,546 29,398 30,723 FTTP 1 2,571 3,174 3,561 3,977 4,477 Satellite 0 0 0 0 0 Fixed Wireless 42 50 68 77 86 Power Line and Other 1 1 1 1 3 Mobile Wireless 2 114 196 1,932 3,206 6,081 1 Fiber to the premises. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Reporting instructions for mobile wireless changed between the June 2008 and December 2008 data. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Note: Some historical data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. Chart 9 Residential Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology as of December 31, 2010 aDSL 13.4% FTTP 9.4% Cable Modem 64.2% Mobile Wireless 12.7% All Other 0.3% U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 27 13 Chart 10 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2005-2010 (Shares of selected technologies) aDSL Cable Modem FTTP All Other Fixed 55.9 40.9 54.5 2.6 40.8 56.0 3.9 38.4 55.7 5.1 37.3 56.3 6.1 35.7 57.0 40.5 55.0 41.2 54.6 3.2 39.9 55.8 4.7 37.8 56.1 5.6 36.5 P e r c e nt a ge of R e s i de n t i a l F i x e d C o nn e c t i on s 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Jun 2006 Dec 2006 Jun 2007 Dec 2007 Jun 2008 Dec 2008 Jun 2009 Dec 2009 Jun 2010 Dec 2010 C onne c t i ons i n T hous a nds 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Dec 2006 to Dec 2007 Dec 2007 to Dec 2008 Dec 2008 to Dec 2009 Dec 2009 to Dec 2010 Chart 11 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2006-2010 (Net adds for selected technologies) aDSL Cable Modem FTTP 3707 12 902 66 4223 3340 2179 2412 919 1035 1037 945 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 28 14 Chart 12 Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2010 (Shares of selected technologies for selected speeds, connections in thousands) aDSL Cable Modem FTTP All Other Fixed 35.7 56.3 6.1 1.9 33.6 59.0 6.5 20.6 71.0 8.2 15.4 73.6 10.7 82.3 17.2 82.4 17.3 E s ti m a te d P e r c e n ta ge of H o us e hol ds 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Over 200 kbps in at least one direction At least 768 kbps downstream and over 200 kbps upstream At least 3 mbps downstream and over 200 kbps upstream At least 3 mbps downstream and at least 768 kbps upstream At least 6 mbps downstream and at least 1.5 mbps upstream At least 10 mbps downstream and at least 1.5 mbps upstream Connections 76,883 71,685 55,375 41,747 24,588 24,227 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 29 15 Table 11 Residential Connections by Technology and Speed (BTOP/BIP Definition) as of December 31, 2010 (In thousands) Technology At Most 200 kbps Upstream or less than 768 kbps Downstream Over 200 kbps Upstream and at least 768 kbps Downstream Total aDSL 3,359 24,097 27,456 sDSL 25 32 57 Other Wireline 3 68 70 Cable Modem 963 42,309 43,272 FTTP 17 4,682 4,699 Satellite 714 96 811 Fixed Wireless 114 399 512 Mobile Wireless 21,414 41,540 62,954 Power Line and Other 3 3 6 Total 26,612 113,225 139,837 # = Rounds to Zero. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. Chart 13 Residential Connections (BTOP/BIP Definition) by Technology as of December 31, 2010 Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and VI. Note: The BTOP/BIP definition is advertised speeds of at least 768 kbps downstream and 200 kbps upstream to end users. aDSL 21.3% FTTP 4.1% Cable Modem 37.4% Mobile Wireless 36.7% All Other 0.5% U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 30 16 Table 12 Connections by Speed Tier and Technology as of December 31, 2010 (In thousands) 200 kbps or less Upstream Over 200 kbps Upstream Technology Download over 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps Download at least 768 kbps Subtotal Download over 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps Download at least 768 kbps and less than 1.5 mbps Download at least 1.5 mbps and less than 3 mbps Download at least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps Download at least 6 mbps and less than 10 mbps Download at least 10 mbps and less than 25 mbps Download at least 25 mbps Subtotal Total aDSL 910 1,034 1,944 1,713 5,152 9,333 9,835 2,631 806 41 29,513 31,457 sDSL 0 0 0 63 60 35 10 2 * * 171 171 Other Wireline 0 0 0 57 79 444 122 19 27 39 788 788 Cable Modem 115 821 937 51 848 2,301 2,939 10,643 27,045 547 44,375 45,311 FTTP * * 6 16 54 117 235 109 3,844 607 4,982 4,988 Satellite * * 974 * * * * 0 0 0 202 1,176 Fixed Wireless 38 16 54 75 152 182 98 13 11 2 531 586 Mobile Wireless 6,511 8,855 15,366 16,094 29,435 12,200 3,871 7,430 0 0 69,031 84,397 Power Line and Other 0 0 0 * * * * 0 * * 6 6 Total 8,039 11,242 19,280 18,076 35,796 24,793 17,117 20,847 31,734 1,237 149,599 168,879 Percentages aDSL 2.9 3.3 6.2 5.4 16.4 29.7 31.3 8.4 2.6 0.1 93.8 100.0 sDSL 0.0 0.0 0.0 36.6 34.8 20.6 6.1 1.1 * * 100.0 100.0 Other Wireline 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.3 10.1 56.3 15.5 2.4 3.5 5.0 100.0 100.0 Cable Modem 0.3 1.8 2.1 0.1 1.9 5.1 6.5 23.5 59.7 1.2 97.9 100.0 FTTP * * 0.1 0.3 1.1 2.4 4.7 2.2 77.1 12.2 99.9 100.0 Satellite * * 82.8 * * * * 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.2 100.0 Fixed Wireless 6.5 2.8 9.3 12.8 25.9 31.0 16.7 2.2 1.8 0.4 90.7 100.0 Mobile Wireless 7.7 10.5 18.2 19.1 34.9 14.5 4.6 8.8 0.0 0.0 81.8 100.0 Power Line and Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 * * * * 0.0 * * 100.0 100.0 Total 4.8 6.7 11.4 10.7 21.2 14.7 10.1 12.3 18.8 0.7 88.6 100.0 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 31 17 Table 13 Residential Connections by Speed Tier and Technology as of December 31, 2010 (In thousands) 200 kbps or less Upstream Over 200 kbps Upstream Technology Download over 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps Download at least 768 kbps Subtotal Download over 200 kbps and less than 768 kbps Download at least 768 kbps and less than 1.5 mbps Download at least 1.5 mbps and less than 3 mbps Download at least 3 mbps and less than 6 mbps Download at least 6 mbps and less than 10 mbps Download at least 10 mbps and less than 25 mbps Download at least 25 mbps Subtotal Total aDSL 808 964 1,772 1,587 4,642 8,066 8,239 2,382 729 37 25,683 27,456 sDSL 0 0 0 25 24 5 1 1 * * 57 57 Other Wireline 0 0 0 3 6 28 31 1 # # 70 70 Cable Modem 107 819 927 36 819 2,192 2,593 10,237 26,023 444 42,346 43,272 FTTP * * 5 12 44 91 213 99 3,689 545 4,694 4,699 Satellite * * 712 * * * * 0 0 0 99 811 Fixed Wireless 35 15 50 63 134 161 84 10 9 # 462 512 Mobile Wireless 4,305 5,090 9,394 12,019 26,095 9,150 2,028 4,268 0 0 53,559 62,954 Power Line and Other 0 0 0 * * * * 0 * * 6 6 Total 5,565 7,296 12,860 13,751 31,778 19,777 13,193 17,000 30,451 1,027 126,976 139,837 Percentages aDSL 2.9 3.5 6.5 5.8 16.9 29.4 30.0 8.7 2.7 0.1 93.5 100.0 sDSL 0.0 0.0 0.0 43.9 42.2 9.6 2.6 1.5 * * 100.0 100.0 Other Wireline 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 8.6 39.9 44.7 1.7 0.6 0.6 100.0 100.0 Cable Modem 0.2 1.9 2.1 0.1 1.9 5.1 6.0 23.7 60.1 1.0 97.9 100.0 FTTP * * 0.1 0.3 0.9 1.9 4.5 2.1 78.5 11.6 99.9 100.0 Satellite * * 87.8 * * * * 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.2 100.0 Fixed Wireless 6.9 3.0 9.8 12.4 26.2 31.4 16.4 2.0 1.7 0.1 90.2 100.0 Mobile Wireless 6.8 8.1 14.9 19.1 41.5 14.5 3.2 6.8 0.0 0.0 85.1 100.0 Power Line and Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 * * * * 0.0 * * 100.0 100.0 Total 4.0 5.2 9.2 9.8 22.7 14.1 9.4 12.2 21.8 0.7 90.8 100.0 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 32 18 Table 14 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2006-2010 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Technology Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec aDSL 858 864 856 863 881 876 862 874 865 sDSL 257 242 233 238 264 257 261 251 248 Other Wireline 256 246 250 259 292 283 273 267 270 Cable Modem 279 282 292 296 342 351 343 343 354 FTTP 222 251 276 308 432 461 483 509 544 Satellite 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 Fixed Wireless 505 484 514 505 620 621 607 623 639 Mobile Wireless 24 19 22 24 47 48 51 55 57 Power Line and Other 6 6 7 6 5 6 6 5 7 Total 1,396 1,374 1,399 1,395 1,562 1,550 1,523 1,531 1,556 Note: Some historical data have been revised. Multiple Form 477 filers within a holding company structure count as one provider. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. Chart 14 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction Selected Technologies 2006-2010 aDSL Cable Modem FTTP Mobile Wireless Num b e r of P r ov i de r s 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Dec 2006 Jun 2007 Dec 2007 Jun 2008 Dec 2008 Jun 2009 Dec 2009 Jun 2010 Dec 2010 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 33 Detailed Summary Statistics: The States Contents of this section Residential subscribership rates Table 15 Residential Fixed Connections (Approximating the National Broadband Availability Target) and Households by State as of December 31, 2010 (Connections with advertised speeds at least 3 mbps down and 768 kbps up)..................35 Table 16 Residential Fixed Connections and Households by State as of December 31, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)........................................................36 End users of connections Table 17 Connections by Type of End User by State as of December 31, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)........................................................37 Connections by speed and technology Table 18 Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)........................................................38 Table 19 Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2010 (Connections at least 3 mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream)..................................40 Table 20 Percentage of Connections by Download Speed by State as of December 31, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)........................................................42 Connections for selected technologies Table 21 ADSL Connections by State 2006-2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)........................................................44 Table 22 Cable Modem Connections by State 2006-2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)........................................................46 Number of providers Table 23 Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)........................................................48 Reported availability for selected technologies Table 24 Percentage of Residential End-User Premises with Access to Services over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by State as of December 31, 2010: xDSL Availability Where ILECs Offer Local Telephone Service and Cable Modem Availability Where Cable Systems Offer Cable TV Service..................................................................50 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 34 19 Table 15 Residential Fixed Connections (Approximating the National Broadband Availability Target) and Households by State as of December 31, 2010 (Connections with advertised speeds at least 3 mbps down and 768 up and households, in thousands) State Connections Households Subscribership Ratio Alabama 389 1,867 0.21 Alaska * 252 * American Samoa 0 9 0.00 Arizona 988 2,464 0.40 Arkansas 202 1,144 0.18 California 5,137 12,634 0.41 Colorado 988 1,978 0.50 Connecticut 658 1,358 0.48 Delaware 210 343 0.61 District of Columbia 137 270 0.51 Florida 2,883 7,344 0.39 Georgia 1,104 3,697 0.30 Guam * 39 * Hawaii * 436 * Idaho 85 575 0.15 Illinois 1,588 4,803 0.33 Indiana 760 2,493 0.30 Iowa 194 1,197 0.16 Kansas 251 1,101 0.23 Kentucky 511 1,718 0.30 Louisiana 466 1,694 0.28 Maine 104 539 0.19 Maryland 1,304 2,158 0.60 Massachusetts 1,640 2,568 0.64 Michigan 1,369 3,808 0.36 Minnesota 792 2,046 0.39 Mississippi 124 1,098 0.11 Missouri 479 2,374 0.20 Montana 118 394 0.30 Nebraska 230 709 0.32 Nevada 337 1,008 0.33 New Hampshire 267 513 0.52 New Jersey 2,194 3,192 0.69 New Mexico 218 759 0.29 New York 3,316 7,339 0.45 North Carolina 438 3,737 0.12 North Dakota 90 262 0.34 Northern Mariana Isl * 14 * Ohio 758 4,540 0.17 Oklahoma 332 1,455 0.23 Oregon 694 1,522 0.46 Pennsylvania 2,275 4,927 0.46 Puerto Rico * 1,262 * Rhode Island * 410 * South Carolina 306 1,783 0.17 South Dakota 120 317 0.38 Tennessee 725 2,511 0.29 Texas 2,046 8,977 0.23 Utah 390 894 0.44 Vermont 125 248 0.50 Virgin Islands * 41 * Virginia 1,652 3,052 0.54 Washington 1,321 2,615 0.51 West Virginia 205 747 0.27 Wisconsin 502 2,220 0.23 Wyoming 80 219 0.37 Total 41,747 117,671 0.35 # = Rounds to Zero; * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI (Connections); Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2000 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands). U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 35 20 Table 16 Residential Fixed Connections and Households by State as of December 31, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction and households, in thousands) State Connections Households Subscribership Ratio Alabama 990 1,867 0.53 Alaska 176 252 0.70 American Samoa * 9 * Arizona 1,653 2,464 0.67 Arkansas 574 1,144 0.50 California 9,131 12,634 0.72 Colorado 1,405 1,978 0.71 Connecticut 1,023 1,358 0.75 Delaware 250 343 0.73 District of Columbia 180 270 0.67 Florida 5,194 7,344 0.71 Georgia 2,192 3,697 0.59 Guam * 39 * Hawaii * 436 * Idaho 331 575 0.58 Illinois 3,104 4,803 0.65 Indiana 1,493 2,493 0.60 Iowa 759 1,197 0.63 Kansas 712 1,101 0.65 Kentucky 962 1,718 0.56 Louisiana 951 1,694 0.56 Maine 372 539 0.69 Maryland 1,554 2,158 0.72 Massachusetts 1,933 2,568 0.75 Michigan 2,336 3,808 0.61 Minnesota 1,359 2,046 0.66 Mississippi 486 1,098 0.44 Missouri 1,392 2,374 0.59 Montana 239 394 0.61 Nebraska 465 709 0.66 Nevada 635 1,008 0.63 New Hampshire 391 513 0.76 New Jersey 2,501 3,192 0.78 New Mexico 431 759 0.57 New York 5,254 7,339 0.72 North Carolina 2,396 3,737 0.64 North Dakota 176 262 0.67 Northern Mariana Isl * 14 * Ohio 2,936 4,540 0.65 Oklahoma 811 1,455 0.56 Oregon 986 1,522 0.65 Pennsylvania 3,374 4,927 0.68 Puerto Rico 501 1,262 0.40 Rhode Island 296 410 0.72 South Carolina 1,047 1,783 0.59 South Dakota 200 317 0.63 Tennessee 1,315 2,511 0.52 Texas 5,436 8,977 0.61 Utah 607 894 0.68 Vermont 173 248 0.70 Virgin Islands 13 41 0.32 Virginia 2,039 3,052 0.67 Washington 1,782 2,615 0.68 West Virginia 397 747 0.53 Wisconsin 1,447 2,220 0.65 Wyoming 135 219 0.62 Total 76,883 117,671 0.65 # = Rounds to Zero; * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI (Connections); Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2000 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands). U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 36 21 Table 17 Connections by Type of End User by State as of December 31, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) Connections Percentages State Residential Business Residential Business Total Alabama 1,837 281 86.7 13.3 2,119 Alaska 393 58 87.2 12.8 451 American Samoa * * * * * Arizona 2,799 464 85.8 14.2 3,264 Arkansas 1,152 166 87.4 12.6 1,318 California 18,044 3,454 83.9 16.1 21,498 Colorado 2,487 515 82.9 17.1 3,001 Connecticut 1,834 353 83.8 16.2 2,187 Delaware 431 79 84.5 15.5 509 District of Columbia 390 353 52.5 47.5 743 Florida 8,830 1,994 81.6 18.4 10,824 Georgia 4,174 1,076 79.5 20.5 5,250 Guam 43 7 85.9 14.1 50 Hawaii 734 101 87.9 12.1 835 Idaho 587 119 83.1 16.9 706 Illinois 5,674 1,481 79.3 20.7 7,155 Indiana 2,537 483 84.0 16.0 3,021 Iowa 1,140 211 84.4 15.6 1,351 Kansas 1,228 349 77.9 22.1 1,577 Kentucky 1,741 295 85.5 14.5 2,035 Louisiana 2,121 340 86.2 13.8 2,460 Maine 556 75 88.1 11.9 632 Maryland 2,887 574 83.4 16.6 3,461 Massachusetts 3,326 627 84.1 15.9 3,953 Michigan 3,629 1,037 77.8 22.2 4,665 Minnesota 2,272 536 80.9 19.1 2,808 Mississippi 1,230 162 88.4 11.6 1,392 Missouri 2,560 588 81.3 18.7 3,148 Montana 395 60 86.8 13.2 456 Nebraska 698 168 80.6 19.4 866 Nevada 1,319 240 84.6 15.4 1,559 New Hampshire 592 105 84.9 15.1 697 New Jersey 4,531 837 84.4 15.6 5,368 New Mexico 775 131 85.6 14.4 905 New York 9,417 1,749 84.3 15.7 11,166 North Carolina 3,963 848 82.4 17.6 4,811 North Dakota 278 51 84.5 15.5 329 Northern Mariana Isl * * * * * Ohio 4,766 1,031 82.2 17.8 5,797 Oklahoma 1,719 276 86.2 13.8 1,995 Oregon 1,793 329 84.5 15.5 2,122 Pennsylvania 5,671 1,024 84.7 15.3 6,695 Puerto Rico 1,073 126 89.5 10.5 1,198 Rhode Island 492 83 85.6 14.4 574 South Carolina 1,783 302 85.5 14.5 2,085 South Dakota 310 48 86.6 13.4 358 Tennessee 2,459 527 82.4 17.6 2,986 Texas 11,709 2,772 80.9 19.1 14,482 Utah 1,092 247 81.5 18.5 1,340 Vermont 257 48 84.3 15.7 304 Virgin Islands 50 13 79.3 20.7 63 Virginia 3,672 894 80.4 19.6 4,565 Washington 3,265 743 81.5 18.5 4,008 West Virginia 666 106 86.3 13.7 772 Wisconsin 2,225 465 82.7 17.3 2,690 Wyoming 225 39 85.4 14.6 263 Total 139,837 29,043 82.8 17.2 168,879 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I and VI. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 37 22 Table 18 Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) State ADSL SDSL Other Wireline Cable Modem Fiber Satellite Fixed Wireless Mobile Wireless Power Line and Other Total Alabama 523 5 12 535 6 * 2 1,005 * 2,119 Alaska 78 3 # * 1 * 6 247 * 451 American Samoa * * 0 * * 0 * 0 0 * Arizona 552 1 16 1,161 4 * 24 1,487 * 3,264 Arkansas 330 # * 275 4 * 1 679 0 1,318 California 4,538 15 101 4,639 569 * 29 11,503 * 21,498 Colorado 663 2 * 787 6 * 41 1,459 0 3,001 Connecticut * 2 6 673 3 * * 1,073 0 2,187 Delaware * # 4 156 * * 0 240 0 509 District of Columbia * 1 5 * 5 * * 538 0 743 Florida 2,070 2 * 3,292 336 * 4 5,007 0 10,824 Georgia 1,413 1 * 1,110 29 * # 2,632 0 5,250 Guam * * * * 0 0 0 * 0 50 Hawaii * * 1 * 1 * * 464 0 835 Idaho 181 # * 145 2 * 23 340 0 706 Illinois 1,577 6 * 1,696 10 * 42 3,750 0 7,155 Indiana 754 3 10 728 76 * 31 1,392 * 3,021 Iowa 376 2 * 389 21 * 24 516 0 1,351 Kansas 271 1 * 441 28 * 22 794 0 1,577 Kentucky 473 4 * 530 10 * 6 984 0 2,035 Louisiana 396 2 * 584 30 * 3 1,408 0 2,460 Maine 125 4 * 269 2 * 3 222 0 632 Maryland 350 3 17 773 * * 1 1,788 0 3,461 Massachusetts * 4 17 1,343 * * 2 1,863 0 3,953 Michigan 902 7 19 1,537 9 * 27 2,111 * 4,665 Minnesota 618 16 * 776 26 * 16 1,321 0 2,808 Mississippi 263 1 4 246 1 * * 843 0 1,392 Missouri 846 1 * 603 9 * 13 1,615 0 3,148 Montana 119 1 2 119 4 * 14 * 0 456 Nebraska 169 1 * 309 6 * 19 353 0 866 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 38 23 Table 18 - Continued Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) State ADSL SDSL Other Wireline Cable Modem Fiber Satellite Fixed Wireless Mobile Wireless Power Line and Other Total Nevada 242 1 6 * 2 * 3 865 0 1,559 New Hampshire 85 1 4 325 12 * * 263 0 697 New Jersey 486 2 28 1,702 * * # 2,642 0 5,368 New Mexico 266 # * 175 2 * 15 430 0 905 New York 957 11 43 4,013 * * 2 5,455 0 11,166 North Carolina 995 1 * 1,554 16 * 1 2,184 0 4,811 North Dakota 69 1 * 101 20 * 6 128 0 329 Northern Mariana Isl * 0 * * * 0 * * 0 * Ohio 1,177 6 17 1,895 29 * 24 2,615 * 5,797 Oklahoma 379 # * 468 10 * 8 1,092 0 1,995 Oregon 359 5 * 608 76 * 11 1,036 0 2,122 Pennsylvania 1,143 6 26 1,983 * * 1 3,053 * 6,695 Puerto Rico * * 5 * # * * 652 0 1,198 Rhode Island * * 1 * * * * 253 0 574 South Carolina 434 # 12 660 26 * * 935 0 2,085 South Dakota 58 2 # 134 17 * 9 * 0 358 Tennessee 560 5 * 795 52 * 3 1,521 0 2,986 Texas 2,898 9 * 2,450 365 * 48 8,524 0 14,482 Utah 311 3 * 283 21 * 36 675 0 1,340 Vermont 85 # 3 97 4 * * 107 0 304 Virgin Islands * * * 0 0 * * * 0 63 Virginia 507 2 40 1,124 * * 5 2,352 * 4,565 Washington 582 4 16 1,239 64 * 11 2,061 * 4,008 West Virginia * * 2 255 1 * 2 332 0 772 Wisconsin 646 16 8 846 12 * 23 1,111 * 2,690 Wyoming 59 2 * 80 1 * 5 109 0 263 Total 31,457 171 788 45,311 4,988 1,176 586 84,397 6 168,879 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 39 24 Table 19 Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2010 (Connections at least 3 mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream, in thousands) State ADSL SDSL Other Wireline Cable Modem Fiber Satellite Fixed Wireless Mobile Wireless Power Line and Other Total Alabama 59 # 2 350 3 * # * 0 474 Alaska * * * * * * * * 0 * American Samoa 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 0 * Arizona * * 3 799 3 * 3 * * 1,134 Arkansas 45 * 1 166 2 * * * 0 216 California 792 # * 3,990 549 * 7 1,272 0 6,630 Colorado * # 5 740 4 * 17 179 0 1,232 Connecticut * * 2 647 2 0 * 93 0 792 Delaware * 0 1 138 * 0 0 23 0 248 District of Columbia * * 2 * 5 0 # 173 0 328 Florida 333 # 29 2,386 * * 1 786 0 3,857 Georgia 201 # * 930 20 * # 368 0 1,528 Guam * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 * Hawaii * * # * 1 0 0 81 0 425 Idaho 70 * # 26 2 * 2 * 0 143 Illinois 250 1 * 1,421 7 * 10 786 0 2,483 Indiana 181 * 2 568 70 * 3 93 0 916 Iowa 91 # 1 115 6 * 5 * 0 388 Kansas 41 # * 212 11 * # 184 0 450 Kentucky 139 * 1 391 5 * * 100 0 638 Louisiana 20 * 1 440 21 * * * 0 503 Maine 66 # # 58 2 0 * * 0 171 Maryland * * 4 705 * * # 204 0 1,593 Massachusetts * # 7 1,250 * * 1 193 0 1,954 Michigan 154 1 * 1,274 7 * # 327 0 1,766 Minnesota 167 1 * 660 14 * 1 212 0 1,057 Mississippi 11 * # 126 1 * 0 * 0 147 Missouri 120 * 5 376 4 * 1 251 0 757 Montana 22 * # * 1 * 1 0 0 130 Nebraska 57 * # 184 2 0 1 * 0 264 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 40 25 Table 19 - Continued Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2010 (Connections at least 3 mbps downstream and 768 kbps upstream, in thousands) State ADSL SDSL Other Wireline Cable Modem Fiber Satellite Fixed Wireless Mobile Wireless Power Line and Other Total Nevada 44 * 1 * 1 * 2 150 0 504 New Hampshire 42 # 1 * * * 0 * 0 315 New Jersey 215 * 9 * * * # 231 0 2,598 New Mexico 85 * 1 147 2 * # * 0 260 New York 390 1 16 2,573 * * 1 791 0 4,411 North Carolina 214 # * 264 12 * # 345 0 841 North Dakota 19 * # 72 8 0 * 0 0 101 Northern Mariana Isl * 0 * 0 * 0 * 0 0 * Ohio 372 # 4 464 26 * 1 279 * 1,148 Oklahoma 44 * 1 296 5 * * 145 0 492 Oregon 106 # * 565 72 * 2 170 0 917 Pennsylvania 441 * 7 1,548 * * # 370 0 2,828 Puerto Rico * * * * * * * * 0 71 Rhode Island * * # * * 0 * * 0 323 South Carolina 65 * 3 250 16 * # 70 0 404 South Dakota 8 0 * 115 9 * # 0 0 132 Tennessee 47 * 4 * 36 * # 167 0 940 Texas 587 # * 1,252 322 * 8 1,446 0 3,630 Utah 107 * 2 262 20 * 25 114 0 529 Vermont 50 * # * 4 * 0 * 0 143 Virgin Islands 0 0 * 0 0 0 * 0 0 * Virginia 226 # 22 1,028 * * 1 239 0 2,000 Washington 191 * 4 1,160 56 * 1 292 * 1,705 West Virginia 2 0 # 213 1 * * * 0 250 Wisconsin 111 2 * 416 7 * 3 302 0 843 Wyoming 13 * # * 1 * 1 0 0 88 Total 7,305 14 208 32,318 4,719 # 104 11,078 3 55,749 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 41 26 Table 20 Percentage of Connections by Downstream Speed by State as of December 31, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Over 200 kbps Upstream and State % over 200 kbps Downstream % at least 768 kbps Downstream % at least 3 mbps Downstream % at least 6 mbps Downstream % at least 10 mbps Downstream Alabama 88.2 76.1 35.5 26.9 6.7 Alaska 88.7 81.6 26.8 14.8 9.1 American Samoa * * * * * Arizona 90.1 76.9 45.1 34.4 22.4 Arkansas 91.0 79.8 26.0 15.8 14.1 California 88.3 77.6 35.5 26.9 19.4 Colorado 91.2 79.3 42.3 38.2 24.9 Connecticut 90.4 78.0 39.6 32.9 22.8 Delaware 88.8 75.5 51.8 46.1 39.8 District of Columbia 85.3 68.1 45.4 38.6 14.5 Florida 90.0 83.7 46.9 36.8 21.8 Georgia 88.2 78.3 39.9 26.5 15.0 Guam * * * * * Hawaii 95.0 87.7 52.8 13.1 0.9 Idaho 87.5 72.8 39.5 15.4 5.0 Illinois 91.0 80.9 40.6 29.3 18.2 Indiana 88.2 76.4 36.9 25.9 18.8 Iowa 90.1 77.2 51.4 28.7 8.4 Kansas 87.7 77.7 43.4 29.3 13.9 Kentucky 89.1 81.9 41.8 27.3 19.6 Louisiana 87.6 81.1 28.5 20.0 14.0 Maine 86.8 79.7 54.4 36.3 7.3 Maryland 86.6 74.5 47.4 39.8 33.9 Massachusetts 89.0 77.9 50.1 44.0 36.1 Michigan 86.2 74.9 42.0 33.8 10.1 Minnesota 89.6 78.4 44.7 37.9 20.0 Mississippi 91.7 62.8 22.5 11.4 3.2 Missouri 88.9 80.8 34.1 22.7 6.4 Montana 76.5 53.5 31.6 25.7 2.4 Nebraska 84.6 69.1 43.7 29.3 17.2 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 42 27 Table 20 - Continued Percentage of Connections by Downstream Speed by State as of December 31, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Over 200 kbps Upstream and State % over 200 kbps Downstream % at least 768 kbps Downstream % at least 3 mbps Downstream % at least 6 mbps Downstream % at least 10 mbps Downstream Nevada 91.7 83.4 44.0 29.0 17.7 New Hampshire 87.2 73.9 54.6 44.4 33.4 New Jersey 87.7 74.7 49.6 44.2 40.3 New Mexico 85.2 67.5 33.1 26.8 4.8 New York 87.8 77.5 51.9 43.0 36.5 North Carolina 84.9 72.9 46.9 33.3 6.9 North Dakota 81.1 58.8 44.8 28.8 24.5 Northern Mariana Isl * * * * * Ohio 83.7 69.9 40.2 29.2 7.1 Oklahoma 92.1 87.0 35.3 18.2 14.8 Oregon 92.1 82.4 45.8 38.5 24.9 Pennsylvania 88.7 77.9 48.0 35.9 28.8 Puerto Rico 87.2 78.7 22.7 12.5 0.4 Rhode Island 89.7 80.3 56.5 48.8 43.2 South Carolina 84.3 71.2 41.1 31.3 10.4 South Dakota 80.6 60.0 45.4 42.6 34.7 Tennessee 87.0 73.4 38.5 29.9 16.8 Texas 90.4 82.3 36.8 25.9 9.4 Utah 92.0 81.0 43.0 35.9 21.7 Vermont 86.6 77.1 47.6 34.9 13.7 Virgin Islands 90.4 71.0 * * * Virginia 86.4 72.9 45.5 35.5 28.3 Washington 91.7 81.9 45.2 38.6 28.1 West Virginia 90.9 86.2 53.1 45.5 21.0 Wisconsin 90.1 81.2 47.4 31.4 6.6 Wyoming 82.8 56.6 38.2 30.4 2.5 Total 88.6 77.9 42.0 31.9 19.5 * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 43 28 Table 21 ADSL Connections by State 2006-2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 State Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Alabama 315 357 403 431 457 473 496 498 523 Alaska 60 64 68 72 75 77 77 77 78 American Samoa * * * * * * * * * Arizona 365 406 437 454 466 487 518 527 552 Arkansas 200 227 249 267 273 298 308 314 330 California 4,343 4,626 4,780 4,755 4,617 4,587 4,568 4,456 4,538 Colorado 473 530 573 575 624 641 651 658 663 Connecticut * * * * * * * * * Delaware * * * * * * * * * District of Columbia * * * * * * * * * Florida 1,873 1,960 2,046 2,045 2,005 1,962 1,988 2,006 2,070 Georgia 1,126 1,219 1,307 1,361 1,240 1,251 1,256 1,129 1,413 Guam * * * * * * * * * Hawaii * * * * * * * * * Idaho 113 129 142 154 160 169 174 177 181 Illinois 1,212 1,300 1,382 1,419 1,503 1,538 1,556 1,537 1,577 Indiana 515 584 636 651 672 699 721 725 754 Iowa 233 271 298 322 336 351 362 373 376 Kansas 203 225 236 241 243 250 260 264 271 Kentucky 303 340 367 385 421 431 454 459 473 Louisiana 271 306 333 354 385 390 404 397 396 Maine 105 115 118 120 114 123 125 126 125 Maryland 490 512 514 495 471 440 405 * 350 Massachusetts * * * * * * * * * Michigan 607 690 733 749 780 835 857 860 902 Minnesota 395 449 496 529 544 573 590 611 618 Mississippi 154 180 202 220 229 240 255 240 263 Missouri 546 618 683 712 727 767 805 811 846 Montana 83 96 102 108 108 111 115 119 119 Nebraska 112 124 135 143 151 158 164 167 169 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 44 29 Table 21 - Continued ADSL Connections by State 2006-2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 State Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Nevada 190 207 220 225 222 225 229 232 242 New Hampshire 94 98 100 97 91 91 86 84 85 New Jersey 704 735 735 700 666 624 568 530 486 New Mexico 157 180 200 217 231 242 250 259 266 New York 1,104 1,182 1,184 1,169 1,122 1,100 1,046 1,010 957 North Carolina 648 725 820 870 891 918 969 985 995 North Dakota 46 51 56 60 65 64 67 67 69 Northern Mariana Isl * * * * * * * * * Ohio 859 951 1,024 1,034 1,069 1,109 1,127 1,145 1,177 Oklahoma 277 302 324 334 338 349 359 361 379 Oregon 312 339 356 361 371 367 367 362 359 Pennsylvania 1,013 1,126 1,191 1,209 1,231 1,233 1,218 1,187 1,143 Puerto Rico * * * * * * * * * Rhode Island * * * * * * * * * South Carolina 285 323 359 386 400 412 428 437 434 South Dakota 40 46 48 53 56 58 58 60 58 Tennessee 397 447 499 535 541 549 559 570 560 Texas 1,997 2,294 2,464 2,475 2,608 2,706 2,784 2,797 2,898 Utah 222 250 270 284 299 280 309 312 311 Vermont 61 68 72 73 61 79 81 84 85 Virgin Islands * * * * * * * * * Virginia 505 548 568 561 553 547 536 527 507 Washington 534 569 592 600 599 596 593 589 582 West Virginia 105 124 138 147 152 160 161 162 * Wisconsin 418 484 528 556 556 586 612 615 646 Wyoming 44 50 53 55 57 58 58 59 59 Total 25,413 27,793 29,449 29,964 30,198 30,618 30,973 30,743 31,457 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Some historical data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 45 30 Table 22 Cable Modem Connections by State 2006-2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 State Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Alabama 342 374 399 417 460 478 497 513 535 Alaska * * * * * * * * * American Samoa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * Arizona 838 850 897 992 1,044 1,039 1,104 1,096 1,161 Arkansas 184 205 214 236 227 252 262 267 275 California 3,156 3,411 3,603 3,799 3,990 4,144 4,223 4,418 4,639 Colorado 523 561 604 626 659 693 709 744 787 Connecticut 454 513 550 576 615 626 640 672 673 Delaware * * * * * * * 158 156 District of Columbia * * * * * * * * * Florida 2,178 2,344 2,543 2,631 2,825 2,859 2,992 3,076 3,292 Georgia 743 802 862 904 974 1,020 1,010 1,052 1,110 Guam 0 0 * * * * * * * Hawaii * * * * * * * * * Idaho 109 116 123 127 121 130 133 137 145 Illinois 1,332 1,466 1,570 1,625 1,591 1,575 1,577 1,630 1,696 Indiana 370 410 439 456 626 641 669 697 728 Iowa 234 268 287 309 330 344 360 376 389 Kansas 321 351 369 380 415 419 435 434 441 Kentucky 333 384 435 482 452 483 497 512 530 Louisiana 420 446 485 481 518 544 559 562 584 Maine 152 169 179 197 202 224 237 259 269 Maryland 781 829 865 871 801 757 768 778 773 Massachusetts 1,044 1,088 1,136 1,159 1,291 1,253 1,250 1,339 1,343 Michigan 1,103 1,197 1,265 1,307 1,394 1,431 1,451 1,517 1,537 Minnesota 541 571 608 622 666 685 701 739 776 Mississippi 136 152 166 188 216 227 232 241 246 Missouri 444 473 498 517 560 561 586 599 603 Montana 65 74 83 90 92 102 108 113 119 Nebraska 239 238 252 262 278 286 295 293 309 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 46 31 Table 22 - Continued Cable Modem Connections by State 2006-2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 State Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Nevada * * * * * * * * * New Hampshire 210 230 240 250 285 295 303 329 325 New Jersey 1,386 1,474 1,538 1,586 1,637 1,604 1,623 1,698 1,702 New Mexico 109 117 127 137 146 155 158 168 175 New York 2,967 3,164 3,342 3,548 3,749 3,850 3,886 3,982 4,013 North Carolina 1,041 1,134 1,196 1,266 1,344 1,392 1,444 1,513 1,554 North Dakota 71 76 80 83 85 88 93 90 101 Northern Mariana Isl 0 0 * * * * * * * Ohio 1,303 1,406 1,498 1,627 1,705 1,757 1,813 1,862 1,895 Oklahoma 313 348 373 382 408 429 432 436 468 Oregon 453 490 531 554 517 528 542 576 608 Pennsylvania 1,256 1,271 1,399 1,492 1,800 1,777 1,835 1,915 1,983 Puerto Rico * * * * * * * * * Rhode Island * * * * * * * * * South Carolina 418 459 496 517 555 582 598 627 660 South Dakota 100 101 111 115 122 122 127 118 134 Tennessee 602 663 703 715 718 739 751 784 795 Texas 1,944 2,082 2,183 2,214 1,971 2,280 2,383 2,456 2,450 Utah * * * 212 * 243 253 268 283 Vermont * * * * 71 80 83 93 97 Virgin Islands 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Virginia 877 906 921 941 1,096 1,097 1,105 1,114 1,124 Washington 806 862 909 944 998 1,102 1,106 1,186 1,239 West Virginia 145 156 159 167 205 215 226 220 255 Wisconsin 592 637 676 711 759 779 802 823 846 Wyoming * * * * 64 70 74 76 80 Total 31,982 34,404 36,507 38,190 40,251 41,434 42,427 43,923 45,311 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Some historical data have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 47 32 Table 23 Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) State ADSL SDSL Other Wireline Cable Modem Fiber Satellite Fixed Wireless Mobile Wireless Power Line and Other Total Alabama 26 10 21 20 23 * 13 6 * 75 Alaska 11 4 6 4 5 * 7 5 * 22 American Samoa * * 0 * * 0 * 0 0 * Arizona 23 7 25 11 24 * 19 6 * 74 Arkansas 21 8 11 16 13 * 6 5 0 54 California 38 19 45 20 26 * 34 10 * 119 Colorado 36 9 34 17 26 * 31 11 0 99 Connecticut 8 7 21 6 15 * * 5 0 37 Delaware 5 4 15 4 5 * 0 6 0 26 District of Columbia 11 9 24 * 12 * 4 6 0 39 Florida 28 20 49 19 36 * 18 7 0 97 Georgia 34 16 34 35 42 * 9 8 0 103 Guam * * * * 0 0 0 * 0 4 Hawaii * 4 5 * 7 * * 6 0 19 Idaho 24 6 16 13 18 * 16 8 0 56 Illinois 59 22 45 20 27 * 53 12 0 145 Indiana 36 12 25 14 36 * 39 7 * 97 Iowa 126 30 27 40 65 * 64 10 0 204 Kansas 41 15 22 27 36 * 31 12 0 98 Kentucky 26 10 21 22 20 * 16 10 0 82 Louisiana 18 7 18 14 16 * 6 6 0 54 Maine 13 10 12 6 11 * 4 5 0 29 Maryland 15 10 30 14 18 * 8 7 0 63 Massachusetts 14 8 29 9 13 * 7 6 0 53 Michigan 40 20 37 16 22 * 26 9 * 99 Minnesota 56 19 27 18 44 * 29 7 0 105 Mississippi 19 6 18 12 11 * * 6 0 51 Missouri 38 14 25 22 25 * 32 8 0 98 Montana 23 10 15 5 12 * 13 * 0 46 Nebraska 34 7 12 21 28 * 26 8 0 76 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 48 33 Table 23 - Continued Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of December 31, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) State ADSL SDSL Other Wireline Cable Modem Fiber Satellite Fixed Wireless Mobile Wireless Power Line and Other Total Nevada 16 9 21 4 16 * 8 6 0 49 New Hampshire 13 8 15 6 10 * * 5 0 38 New Jersey 19 11 39 6 16 * 4 6 0 58 New Mexico 23 6 14 7 11 * 12 10 0 49 New York 42 15 39 17 27 * 16 6 0 94 North Carolina 25 8 30 22 26 * 7 10 0 77 North Dakota 31 9 13 7 17 * 14 4 0 46 Northern Mariana Isl * 0 * * * 0 * * 0 * Ohio 39 17 33 23 32 * 23 9 * 100 Oklahoma 40 7 22 14 15 * 11 11 0 76 Oregon 41 13 28 15 31 * 17 7 0 80 Pennsylvania 36 11 38 26 27 * 11 7 * 93 Puerto Rico * * 6 * 4 * * 5 0 16 Rhode Island 6 5 12 4 6 * * 5 0 24 South Carolina 21 5 20 16 18 * 5 8 0 51 South Dakota 29 6 11 7 20 * 20 * 0 54 Tennessee 25 11 22 14 23 * 13 8 0 75 Texas 69 23 56 28 46 * 55 10 0 162 Utah 17 9 18 7 16 * 12 8 0 50 Vermont 10 5 14 4 8 * * 4 0 32 Virgin Islands * * * 0 0 * * * 0 7 Virginia 28 15 33 14 22 * 15 9 * 79 Washington 30 8 29 15 26 * 22 8 * 79 West Virginia 8 * 14 9 10 * 5 8 0 39 Wisconsin 47 17 25 17 27 * 24 9 * 95 Wyoming 12 7 7 4 6 * 11 5 0 34 Total 865 248 270 354 544 4 639 57 7 1,556 * Indicates one to three providers. Source: FCC Form 477, Part I. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 49 34 Table 24 Percentage of Residential End-User Premises with Access to Services over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by State as of December 31, 2010 State xDSL Availability Where ILECs Offer Local Telephone Service Cable Modem Availability Where Cable Systems Offer Cable TV Service Alabama 82 94 Alaska 77 * American Samoa * * Arizona 88 99 Arkansas 81 83 California 89 99 Colorado 91 98 Connecticut * 100 Delaware * 99 District of Columbia * * Florida 89 97 Georgia 94 94 Guam * * Hawaii * * Idaho 83 98 Illinois 87 97 Indiana 83 97 Iowa 88 93 Kansas 85 92 Kentucky 86 93 Louisiana 85 94 Maine 85 96 Maryland 71 99 Massachusetts * 100 Michigan 75 98 Minnesota 90 97 Mississippi 80 91 Missouri 84 96 Montana 83 94 Nebraska 87 95 Nevada 91 * New Hampshire 87 98 New Jersey 80 100 New Mexico 88 91 New York 74 99 North Carolina 93 94 North Dakota 89 92 Northern Mariana Isl * * Ohio 87 95 Oklahoma 81 94 Oregon 85 98 Pennsylvania 83 96 Puerto Rico * * Rhode Island * * South Carolina 87 95 South Dakota 82 88 Tennessee 85 98 Texas 83 97 Utah 94 92 Vermont 85 71 Virgin Islands * 0 Virginia 68 96 Washington 85 97 West Virginia * 93 Wisconsin 85 98 Wyoming 87 93 Total 84 97 * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: This table summarizes responses to Form 477 questions about service availability, as opposed to subscribership. xDSL includes both asymmetric and symmetric DSL. Each state-specific estimate is a weighted average of the availability percentages that ILECs or cable system operators report for the areas they serve. Reported xDSL availability is weighted by ILEC end-user switched access lines and VoIP lines. Reported cable modem availability is weighted by cable TV subscribers. The weighted averages include ILECs or cable system operators that report no availability. Figures are presented to the nearest percent. Source: FCC Form 477, Parts I and II; Warren Communications News, Inc., Television & Cable Factbook: Online (Cable General Information, February 2010). U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 50 Detailed Summary Statistics: Counties and Census Tracts Contents of this section All counties Chart 15 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households as of December 31, 2010.....................................................................................................52 Table 25 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households by Technology as of December 31, 2010.....................................................................................................53 All census tracts Chart 16 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households as of December 31, 2010.....................................................................................................54 Table 26 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households by Technology as of December 31, 2010.....................................................................................................55 Table 27 Percentage of Census Tracts with Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)..............56 Counties and census tracts in individual states Table 28 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by State as of December 31, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction)...........................................................................................................57 Table 29 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State as of December 31, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) ..........................................................................................................59 Maps: Residential subscription ratios by census tract Map 1 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction per 1,000 Households by Census Tract as of December 31, 2010.....................................61 Map 2 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 768 kbps Downstream and 200 kbps Upstream per 1,000 Households by Census Tract as of December 31, 2010....................62 Maps: Number of providers by census tract Map 3 Providers of Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Census Tract as of December 31, 2010..........................................................................63 Map 4 Providers of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Census Tract as of December 31, 2010 .........................................................64 Map 5 Providers of Residential Fixed Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Census Tract as of December 31, 2010..................................65 Map 6 Providers of Mobile Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Census Tract as of December 31, 2010..........................................................................66 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 51 35 Chart 15 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households as of December 31, 2010 Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates; and Census 2000. Note: Ratios over 1 were set to 1. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 Max 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% P e r c e n ta ge of Co un t i e s Number of Counties 3,232 Median 0.52 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households 8 9 23 39 91 141 190 248 321 371 383 354 354 248 187 111 64 31 13 46 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 52 36 Table 25 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households by Technology as of December 31, 2010 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households Technology Zero Greater than 0 and no more than 5% Greater than 5 and no more than 10% Greater than 10 and no more than 20% Greater than 20 and no more than 30% Greater than 30 and no more than 40% Greater than 40 and no more than 50% Greater than 50 and no more than 60% Greater than 60 and no more than 80% Greater than 80 and no more than 100% 100% or more aDSL 0.6 2.2 6.6 29.1 28.6 19.4 8.8 2.8 1.2 0.2 0.5 sDSL 83.2 15.7 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Other Wireline 94.7 5.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cable Modem 14.1 10.1 10.4 19.0 17.9 13.4 8.8 4.2 1.8 0.1 0.0 FTTP 63.7 26.5 3.4 2.8 1.8 1.0 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 Satellite 0.8 86.5 10.5 2.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fixed Wireless 50.1 39.8 6.0 3.3 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Power Line 99.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 All Other 99.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total 0.1 0.1 0.3 1.9 7.2 13.6 21.4 22.8 27.8 3.5 1.2 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates; and Census 2000. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 53 37 Chart 16 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households as of December 31, 2010 Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates; and Census 2000. Note: Ratios over 2 were set to 2. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. 0 0.100.200.300.400.500.600.700.800.901.001.101.201.301.401.501.601.701.801.90Max 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 P e rc e nt a ge of T ra c t s Number of Tracts 66,287 Median 0.60 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 54 38 Table 26 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households by Technology as of December 31, 2010 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households Technology Zero Greater than 0 and no more than 5% Greater than 5 and no more than 10% Greater than 10 and no more than 20% Greater than 20 and no more than 30% Greater than 30 and no more than 40% Greater than 40 and no more than 50% Greater than 50 and no more than 60% Greater than 60 and no more than 80% Greater than 80 and no more than 100% 100% or more aDSL 4.9 10.2 11.1 25.6 20.4 13.2 7.5 3.4 2.4 0.7 0.7 sDSL 95.1 4.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Other Wireline 98.8 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cable Modem 6.4 4.2 4.3 13.2 16.7 16.3 14.1 10.5 9.5 2.7 2.1 FTTP 80.7 7.6 1.7 2.7 2.0 1.7 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.2 Satellite 46.4 48.6 3.7 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fixed Wireless 85.4 11.6 1.6 1.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Power Line 99.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 All Other 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total 0.7 0.4 0.6 3.5 7.5 10.7 12.9 14.0 24.1 14.3 11.3 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates; and Census 2000. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 55 39 Table 27 Percentage of Census Tracts with Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of December 31, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Number of Providers Technology Zero One Two Three Four Five Six Seven or More aDSL 4.9 48.6 34.5 10.3 1.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 sDSL 95.1 4.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Other Wireline 98.8 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cable Modem 6.4 80.7 12.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 FTTP 80.7 18.8 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Satellite 46.4 22.7 28.3 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fixed Wireless 85.4 11.4 2.6 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Power Line 99.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 aDSL and/or Cable Modem and/or FTTP 1.1 6.5 41.4 33.9 13.6 3.0 0.4 0.1 Any Technology 0.7 2.5 18.5 26.6 25.8 15.4 6.7 3.8 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI and Census 2000. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 56 40 Table 28 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by State as of December 31, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households State Counties Zero Greater than 0 and no more than 5% Greater than 5 and no more than 10% Greater than 10 and no more than 20% Greater than 20 and no more than 30% Greater than 30 and no more than 40% Greater than 40 and no more than 50% Greater than 50 and no more than 60% Greater than 60 and no more than 80% Greater than 80 and no more than 100% 100% or more Alabama 67 0 0 0 2 8 19 20 11 6 0 1 Alaska 27 0 0 0 3 2 4 2 3 12 1 0 American Samoa 5 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Arizona 15 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 5 2 0 Arkansas 75 0 0 0 0 9 24 27 6 9 0 0 California 58 0 0 0 2 0 0 8 15 27 4 2 Colorado 64 0 0 0 0 1 3 9 21 18 10 2 Connecticut 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 3 0 Delaware 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 District of Columbia 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Florida 67 0 0 0 1 1 5 15 3 35 6 1 Georgia 159 0 1 1 5 14 28 37 36 34 2 1 Guam 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Hawaii 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 Idaho 44 0 0 0 2 1 9 10 7 14 1 0 Illinois 102 0 0 0 2 6 9 27 26 28 0 4 Indiana 92 0 0 0 0 1 16 25 31 16 1 2 Iowa 99 0 0 0 2 13 9 21 32 21 0 1 Kansas 105 0 0 0 0 2 4 17 45 33 4 0 Kentucky 120 0 0 0 4 9 20 41 23 22 0 1 Louisiana 64 0 0 0 2 13 10 10 15 13 0 1 Maine 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 11 0 0 Maryland 24 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 2 13 4 0 Massachusetts 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 2 3 Michigan 83 0 0 0 1 7 12 17 20 24 1 1 Minnesota 87 0 0 0 0 0 3 11 36 35 1 1 Mississippi 82 0 1 2 14 24 21 9 6 4 0 1 Missouri 115 0 0 1 1 5 26 44 24 12 2 0 Montana 56 0 0 0 0 1 3 15 17 20 0 0 Nebraska 93 0 0 0 0 0 3 25 31 33 1 0 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 57 41 Table 28 - Continued Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by State as of December 31, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households State Counties Zero Greater than 0 and no more than 5% Greater than 5 and no more than 10% Greater than 10 and no more than 20% Greater than 20 and no more than 30% Greater than 30 and no more than 40% Greater than 40 and no more than 50% Greater than 50 and no more than 60% Greater than 60 and no more than 80% Greater than 80 and no more than 100% 100% or more Nevada 17 0 0 0 1 0 6 2 2 6 0 0 New Hampshire 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 2 0 New Jersey 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 10 1 New Mexico 33 0 0 0 0 3 7 8 6 8 1 0 New York 62 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 44 8 2 North Carolina 100 0 0 0 0 0 8 21 41 22 6 2 North Dakota 53 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 18 27 1 0 Northern Mariana Isl 4 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ohio 88 0 0 0 0 0 7 15 25 39 1 1 Oklahoma 77 0 0 0 1 10 20 22 13 9 1 1 Oregon 36 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 11 17 0 0 Pennsylvania 67 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 11 38 5 4 Puerto Rico 78 0 0 0 3 18 24 29 0 4 0 0 Rhode Island 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 0 South Carolina 46 0 0 0 0 8 7 13 8 9 1 0 South Dakota 66 0 0 0 1 2 4 13 20 24 2 0 Tennessee 95 0 0 1 0 13 25 34 16 5 0 1 Texas 254 0 0 2 5 33 56 63 43 42 6 4 Utah 29 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 10 13 3 0 Vermont 14 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 9 0 0 Virgin Islands 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 Virginia 134 0 0 2 8 15 16 26 25 30 11 1 Washington 39 0 0 0 0 3 2 4 9 19 2 0 West Virginia 55 0 0 0 0 6 9 17 13 9 1 0 Wisconsin 72 0 1 0 0 1 1 7 25 35 2 0 Wyoming 23 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 8 10 0 0 Total 3,232 4 4 9 62 232 439 691 737 900 114 40 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI (Connections); Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2000 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands). U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 58 42 Table 29 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State as of December 31, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households State Tracts Zero Greater than 0 and no more than 5% Greater than 5 and no more than 10% Greater than 10 and no more than 20% Greater than 20 and no more than 30% Greater than 30 and no more than 40% Greater than 40 and no more than 50% Greater than 50 and no more than 60% Greater than 60 and no more than 80% Greater than 80 and no more than 100% 100% or more Alabama 1,081 0 8 13 92 156 207 186 131 165 74 49 Alaska 158 2 1 2 13 2 8 17 14 55 30 14 American Samoa 21 5 10 2 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 Arizona 1,107 15 8 18 58 84 106 137 157 241 129 154 Arkansas 624 1 4 10 39 101 133 121 73 76 35 31 California 7,049 43 14 17 146 298 479 741 937 2,016 1,384 974 Colorado 1,075 15 1 0 14 38 89 136 172 283 173 154 Connecticut 815 3 0 0 1 23 42 52 82 242 274 96 Delaware 197 1 0 1 6 18 22 25 19 29 25 51 District of Columbia 188 7 1 1 0 5 16 23 24 55 32 24 Florida 3,153 11 3 7 49 149 299 414 446 766 474 535 Georgia 1,618 5 7 16 101 170 238 263 227 314 143 134 Guam 56 9 0 0 1 2 0 2 2 11 7 22 Hawaii 286 7 1 0 1 3 5 21 29 107 73 39 Idaho 280 1 2 2 9 15 51 55 51 56 19 19 Illinois 2,964 18 7 11 60 212 357 394 440 845 389 231 Indiana 1,412 4 2 7 31 104 216 254 272 310 129 83 Iowa 793 2 4 5 34 58 107 111 160 220 58 34 Kansas 727 7 2 0 9 28 87 105 141 211 72 65 Kentucky 994 2 5 10 42 105 149 174 185 196 80 46 Louisiana 1,106 5 4 13 70 171 138 156 157 229 99 64 Maine 344 0 0 0 0 6 17 21 75 142 69 14 Maryland 1,216 6 2 6 54 82 94 102 119 282 240 229 Massachusetts 1,361 5 0 1 16 76 114 117 105 305 366 256 Michigan 2,716 17 5 12 129 235 277 332 379 704 417 209 Minnesota 1,300 6 3 3 11 36 97 174 258 415 185 112 Mississippi 605 0 3 23 89 134 115 84 50 67 24 16 Missouri 1,320 10 2 10 56 139 179 204 244 253 142 81 Montana 270 5 1 3 9 14 27 40 61 79 19 12 Nebraska 503 3 1 0 0 16 51 90 109 147 45 41 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 59 43 Table 29 - Continued Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State as of December 31, 2010 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households State Tracts Zero Greater than 0 and no more than 5% Greater than 5 and no more than 10% Greater than 10 and no more than 20% Greater than 20 and no more than 30% Greater than 30 and no more than 40% Greater than 40 and no more than 50% Greater than 50 and no more than 60% Greater than 60 and no more than 80% Greater than 80 and no more than 100% 100% or more Nevada 487 9 3 12 25 49 71 64 63 82 53 56 New Hampshire 272 0 0 0 1 0 8 13 29 112 76 33 New Jersey 1,944 14 1 2 37 81 120 155 175 424 464 471 New Mexico 456 17 8 8 21 36 70 67 61 90 40 38 New York 4,898 99 6 9 40 225 430 669 738 1,080 776 826 North Carolina 1,555 2 1 7 39 116 212 246 256 333 175 168 North Dakota 227 6 0 1 0 13 14 30 39 85 30 9 Northern Mariana Isl 21 1 1 0 6 6 3 1 0 1 1 1 Ohio 2,934 13 1 5 68 213 297 369 444 868 454 202 Oklahoma 990 3 11 10 58 109 141 181 128 194 90 65 Oregon 755 1 0 1 1 17 57 118 156 248 110 46 Pennsylvania 3,134 35 24 6 125 273 269 261 318 754 580 489 Puerto Rico 823 7 46 40 146 168 119 107 56 57 29 48 Rhode Island 233 0 0 0 5 27 21 21 15 43 39 62 South Carolina 867 4 3 8 54 110 161 134 97 142 76 78 South Dakota 235 16 1 3 7 11 26 35 42 69 20 5 Tennessee 1,261 8 5 21 88 171 219 233 171 200 84 61 Texas 4,388 23 36 55 291 580 655 608 514 751 383 492 Utah 496 7 2 3 9 11 31 56 93 144 72 68 Vermont 179 0 0 0 0 4 9 12 35 75 32 12 Virgin Islands 32 0 4 4 5 4 2 4 1 7 1 0 Virginia 1,530 5 4 18 69 109 143 188 190 365 235 204 Washington 1,318 2 1 1 17 38 102 142 197 433 234 151 West Virginia 466 1 8 9 26 52 62 79 63 93 33 40 Wisconsin 1,320 8 2 1 14 66 90 192 254 461 160 72 Wyoming 127 1 0 0 5 3 9 20 26 45 11 7 Total 66,287 497 269 417 2,298 4,972 7,061 8,556 9,282 15,977 9,464 7,494 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI (Connections); Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2000 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands). U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 60 Symbology Connections per 1000 Households Zero Zero < x <= 200 200 < x <= 400 400 < x <= 600 600 < x <= 800 800 < x Map 1 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction per 1,000 Households by Census Tract as of December 31, 2010 P u e r t o R i c o r t i H a w a i i i i A l a s k a l This map shows the number of residential connections per 1,000 households by census tract. Connections have information transfer rates greater than 200 kbps in at least one direction and include all technologies except terrestrial mobile wireless. Connections data are from FCC Form 477 Part VI. The census tract boundaries are from ESRI. Household counts for tracts in the U.S. are 2010 estimates from Geolytics. Household counts for the territories are from Census 2000. For more information about census tracts please see Census 2000 Summary File 3 Technical Documentation, page A-11. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 61 Symbology Connections per 1000 Households Zero Zero < x <= 200 200 < x <= 400 400 < x <= 600 600 < x <= 800 800 < x Map 2 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 768 kbps Downstream and 200 kbps Upstream per 1,000 Households by Census Tract as of December 31, 2010 P u e r t o R i c o r t i H a w a i i i i A l a s k a l This map shows the number of residential connections per 1,000 households by census tract. Connections have information transfer rates greater than 200 kbps upstream and at least 768 kbps downstream. All technologies except terrestrial mobile wireless are included. Connections are from FCC Form 477 Part VI. The census tract boundaries are from ESRI. Household counts for tracts in the U.S. are 2010 estimates from Geolytics. Household counts for the territories are from Census 2000. For more information about census tracts please see Census 2000 Summary File 3 Technical Documentation, page A-11. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 62 Symbology Provider Count (exc. Mobile Wireless) Zero 1 to 3 4 to 6 7 or more Map 3 Providers of Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Census Tract as of December 31, 2010 P u e r t o R i c o r t i H a w a i i i i A l a s k a l This map shows the number of providers of fixed connections by census tract. Connections have information transfer rates greater than 200 kbps in at least one direction and include all technologies except terrestrial mobile wireless. Provider data are from FCC Form 477 Part VI. The census tract boundaries are from ESRI. For more information about census tracts please see Census 2000 Summary File 3 Technical Documentation, page A-11. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 63 Symbology Provider Count (exc. Mobile Wireless) Zero 1 to 3 4 to 6 7 or more Map 4 Providers of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Census Tract as of December 31, 2010 P u e r t o R i c o r t i H a w a i i i i A l a s k a l This map shows the number of providers of fixed connections by census tract. A provider is counted only if it reported residential connections in the tract. Connections have information transfer rates greater than 200 kbps in at least one direction and include all technologies except terrestrial mobile wireless. Provider data are from FCC Form 477 Part VI. The census tract boundaries are from ESRI. For more information about census tracts please see Census 2000 Summary File 3 Technical Documentation, page A-11. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 64 Symbology Provider Count (exc. Mobile Wireless) Zero 1 to 3 4 to 6 7 or more Map 5 Providers of Residential Fixed Connections at Least 3 mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Census Tract as of December 31, 2010 P u e r t o R i c o r t i H a w a i i i i A l a s k a l This map shows the number of providers of fixed connections by census tract. A provider is counted only if it reported residential connections in the tract. Connections have information transfer rates of at least 3 mbps downstream and at least 768 kbps upstream and include all technologies except terrestrial mobile wireless. Provider data are from FCC Form 477 Part VI. The census tract boundaries are from ESRI. For more information about census tracts please see Census 2000 Summary File 3 Technical Documentation, page A-11. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 65 Symbology Providers (Mobile Wireless) Zero 1 to 3 4 to 6 7 or more Map 6 Providers of Mobile Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Census Tract as of December 31, 2010 P u e r t o R i c o r t i H a w a i i i i A l a s k a l This map shows the number of potential providers of mobile connections with information transfer rates greater than 200 kbps in at least one direction by census tract. Providers are counted if they indicate that service is available in a tract over a network the provider operates. Provider data are from FCC Form 477 Part VI. The census tract boundaries are from ESRI. For more information about census tracts please see Census 2000 Summary File 3 Technical Documentation, page A-11. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 66 Detailed Correlation Results: Demographic Measures Contents of this section Household income Chart 17 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Income Deciles as of December 31, 2010.............................................68 Chart 18 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Income Deciles as of December 31, 2010 ............69 Household density Chart 19 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Density Deciles as of December 31, 2010.............................................70 Chart 20 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Density Deciles as of December 31, 2010............71 Education Chart 21 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Share of College Graduates in Deciles as of December 31, 2010 ........72 Chart 22 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share of Population with a College Degree (in Deciles) as of December 31, 2010.................................................................................73 Age Chart 23 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Average Age in Deciles as of December 31, 2010 ...............................74 Chart 24 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Average Age of County Population (in Deciles) as of December 31, 2010 ................................................................................75 Race Chart 25 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Share White Alone in Deciles as of December 31, 2010..........................76 Chart 26 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share White Alone (in Deciles) as of December 31, 2010.....................................................................................................77 Technology and household density Chart 27 Subscribership Ratios by Technology and Tract Household Density as of December 31, 2010..............................................................................................................78 Income and household density Chart 28 Average Subscribership Ratios by Income and Household Density as of December 31, 2010..............................................................................................................79 Chart 29 Median Ratios of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Income and Density ...............................................................80 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 67 44 Chart 17 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Income Deciles as of December 31, 2010 (County Data) Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (Median household income in 1999). one direction across all counties in decile N and all deciles less than N to the number of households in all the counties in decile N and deciles less than N. decile to the sum of households across counties in the decile. The height of the blue, cumulative bar for decile N represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least Census Bureau. For each decile, the height of any red, non-cumulative bar represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction across counties in the This chart shows cumulative and non-cumulative subscribership ratios by income deciles. Counties were grouped into income deciles based on county median household income in 1999, as reported by the Lower Income Counties Ranked by Median Household Income, in Deciles Higher Income Cumulative Not Cumulative 0.42 0.42 0.46 0.49 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.52 0.50 0.55 0.53 0.59 0.55 0.61 0.57 0.63 0.61 0.67 0.65 0.76 S u bscr i b er s h i p R a t i o 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 12345678910 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 68 45 Max Q1 Q3 Median Min Chart 18 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Income Deciles as of December 31, 2010 Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (Median household income in 1999). observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is any data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1. but note also that + denotes the position of the averageresidential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in the income decile. Some of the features are labeled, 12345678910 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 S ubsc r i b e r shi p R a ti o Lower Income Median Household Income in 1999 by Decile Higher Income Subscribership Ratio Average 0.36 Median 0.36 0.43 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.51 0.50 0.54 0.55 0.55 0.56 0.57 0.59 0.62 0.62 0.72 0.73 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 69 46 Chart 19 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Density Deciles as of December 31, 2010 (County Data) Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (County land area). fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction across all counties in decile N and all deciles less than N to the number of households in all the counties in decile N and deciles less than N. in at least one direction across counties in the decile to the sum of households across counties in the decile. The height of the blue, cumulative bar for decile N represents the ratio of the sum of residential county households in 2010 to county land area from the Census Bureau. For each decile, the height of any red, non-cumulative bar represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over 200 kbps This chart shows cumulative and non-cumulative subscribership ratios by density deciles. Counties were grouped into density deciles based on households per square mile, calculated as the ratio of estimated Lower Density Counties Ranked by Household Density, in Deciles Higher Density Cumulative Not Cumulative 0.53 0.53 0.57 0.59 0.56 0.54 0.53 0.50 0.52 0.50 0.52 0.52 0.54 0.58 0.56 0.61 0.61 0.67 0.65 0.69 S u bscr i b er s h i p R a t i o 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 12345678910 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 70 47 Max Q1 Q3 Median Min Chart 20 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Density Deciles as of December 31, 2010 Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (County land area). observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is any data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1. but note also that + denotes the position of the average residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in the density decile. Some of the features are labeled, 12345678910 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 S ubsc r i b e r shi p R a ti o Lower Density County Household Density by Decile Higher Density Subscribership Ratio Average 0.51 Median 0.52 0.51 0.52 0.45 0.46 0.44 0.44 0.46 0.45 0.48 0.47 0.53 0.51 0.58 0.57 0.64 0.64 0.63 0.66 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 71 48 Chart 21 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Share of College Graduates in Deciles as of December 31, 2010 (County Data) Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (County educational attainment). residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction across all counties in decile N and all deciles less than N, to the number of households in all the counties in decile N and deciles less than N. 200 kbps in at least one direction across counties in the decile to the sum of households across counties in the decile. The height of the blue, cumulative bar for decile N represents the ratio of the sum of least 25 years of age with a college degree or higher educational attainment. For each decile, the height of any red, non-cumulative bar represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over This chart shows cumulative and non-cumulative subscribership ratios by county share of college graduates in deciles. Counties were grouped into deciles based on the share of the county population at Lower Share Counties Ranked by Share of College Graduates, in Deciles Higher Share Cumulative Not Cumulative 0.47 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.49 0.51 0.49 0.49 0.51 0.54 0.53 0.59 0.55 0.61 0.57 0.62 0.61 0.67 0.65 0.73 S u bscr i b er s h i p R a t i o 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 12345678910 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 72 49 Max Q1 Q3 Median Min Chart 22 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share of Population with a College Degree (in Deciles) as of December 31, 2010 Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (County educational attainment). observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is a data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1. but note also that + denotes the position of the average residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in the share decile. Some of the features are labeled, 12345678910 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 S ubsc r i b e r shi p R a ti o Lower Share County Share of College Graduates by Decile Higher Share Subscribership Ratio Average 0.38 Median 0.38 0.42 0.41 0.44 0.43 0.45 0.46 0.50 0.50 0.54 0.55 0.56 0.57 0.58 0.59 0.64 0.64 0.72 0.72 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 73 79 Chart 23 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Average Age in Deciles as of December 31, 2010 (County Data) Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (County average age). across all counties in decile N and all deciles less than N, to the number of households in all the counties in decile N and deciles less than N. households across counties in the decile. The height of the blue, cumulative bar for decile N represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction decile, the height of any red, non-cumulative bar represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction across counties in the decile to the sum of This chart shows cumulative and non-cumulative subscribership ratios by county average age in deciles. Counties were grouped into deciles based on the average age of the county population. For each Lower Average Age Counties Ranked by Average Age, in Deciles Higher Average Age Cumulative Not Cumulative 0.66 0.66 0.67 0.68 0.66 0.64 0.66 0.65 0.66 0.65 0.66 0.64 0.66 0.64 0.65 0.60 0.65 0.58 0.65 0.70 S u bscr i b er s h i p R a t i o 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 12345678910 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 74 51 Max Q1 Q3 Median Min Chart 24 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Average Age of County Population (in Deciles) as of December 31, 2010 Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (County average age). observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is a data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1. but note also that + denotes the position of the average residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in the average age decile. Some of the features are labeled, 12345678910 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 S ubsc r i b e r shi p R a ti o Lower Average Age County Average Age by Decile Higher Average Age Subscribership Ratio Average 0.53 Median 0.55 0.56 0.58 0.52 0.53 0.52 0.51 0.53 0.52 0.51 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.50 0.49 0.51 0.51 0.55 0.55 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 75 52 Chart 25 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Share White Alone in Deciles as of December 31, 2010 (County Data) Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (Race). one direction across all counties in decile N and all deciles less than N, to the number of households in all the counties in decile N and deciles less than N. in the decile to the sum of households across counties in the decile. The height of the blue, cumulative bar for decile N represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least reported their race as white alone. For each decile,the height of any red, non-cumulative bar represents the ratio of the sum of residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction across counties This chart shows cumulative and non-cumulative subscribership ratios by the share of county population white alone in deciles. Counties were grouped into deciles based on the share of the county population that Lower Share Counties Ranked by Share of Population White, in Deciles Higher Share Cumulative Not Cumulative 0.62 0.62 0.65 0.68 0.65 0.66 0.66 0.69 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.65 0.66 0.61 0.65 0.57 0.65 0.57 S u bscr i b er s h i p R a t i o 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 12345678910 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 76 53 Max Q1 Q3 Median Min Chart 26 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share White Alone (in Deciles) as of December 31, 2010 Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (Race). is a data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1. residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and deciles based on the share of the county population that reported their race as white alone. Some of the features are labeled, but note also that + denotes the position of the average Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in each race decile. Counties were grouped into 12345678910 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 S u b scr i b er sh i p R a ti o Lower Share County Share White Alone by Decile Higher Share Subscribership Ratio Average 0.41 Median 0.39 0.49 0.48 0.51 0.50 0.56 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.57 0.57 0.56 0.56 0.55 0.56 0.52 0.52 0.51 0.51 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 77 54 Lowest Density Highest Density Chart 27 Subscribership Ratios by Technology and Tract Household Density as of December 31, 2010 (Residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (Tract land area). connections to households across tracts in the percentile. estimated tract households in 2010 to tract land area from the Census Bureau. For each percentile, the height of the bar represents the household-weighted average ratio of residential fixed This chart shows subscribership ratios by technology and household density. Tracts were grouped into 100 density percentiles based on households per square mile, calculated as the ratio of aDSL Cable Modem FTTP Satellite Fixed Wireless P e rc e n t a ge of R e s i de n t i a l Fi x e d H i g h - S p e e d C o nn e c t i o ns 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 78 55 Richest Poorest Lowest Density Highest Density 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Chart 28 Average Subscribership Ratios by Income and Household Density as of December 31, 2010 (Residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction by Tract) Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (Tract land area, Median household income). residential fixed connections to households across tracts in the decile. estimated tract households in 2010 to tract land area from the Census Bureau, and median household income. For each quantile, the height of the bar represents the household-weighted average ratio of This chart shows subscribership ratios by household density and income quantiles. Tracts were grouped into 400 density/income quantiles based on households per square mile, calculated as the ratio of U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 79 56 M edi a n R ati o of C onn e c t i ons to H o u s ehol d s 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Lower Density Tract Density (Households per Square Mile) in Deciles Higher Density 12345678910 Chart 29 Median Ratios of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Households by Income and Density Tract Data as of December 31, 2010 Sources: FCC Form 477, Part VI; Geolytics 2010 Block-Level Estimates (Households in 2010); and Census 2000 (Median household income in 1999). Tract Median Income in Deciles less than $22,907 $22,907 to $28,245 $28,245 to $32,004 $32,004 to $35,699 $35,699 to $39,615 $39,615 to $43,859 $43,859 to $49,750 $49,750 to $57,281 $57,281 to $70,136 more than $70,136 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 80 Technical Notes General Detailed information about FCC Form 477 reporting requirements is available at http://www.fcc.gov/form477/. Wherever a number of providers is cited in this report, multiple Form 477 filers within a holding company structure count as one provider. Form 477 collects information about Internet access connections in service to end-user locations that are advertised to deliver information to and/or from the end user – that is, in at least one direction – at transfer rates (“speeds”) above 200 kilobits per second (kbps). Information is collected about connections in 72 speed tiers (nine upstream tiers and eight downstream) defined by ranges of upstream speeds and downstream speeds. Connections are further categorized by the technology employed by the part of the connection that terminates at the end-user location. “End users” are residential, business, institutional, or government entities who use services for their own purposes and who do not resell such services to other entities. Facilities-based providers report information about connections they provide directly to their own end-user customers and also connections that they provide to Internet Service Providers for resale to end users. For Form 477 purposes, the facilities-based provider of a connection is the entity that owns the portion of the physical facility that terminates at the end-user location, obtains an unbundled network element (UNE), special access line, or other leased facility that terminates at the end-user location and provisions/equips it as a connection that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction, or provisions/equips a wireless channel that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction to the end-user location over licensed spectrum or over spectrum that the provider uses on an unlicensed basis. The mutually exclusive Form 477 technology categories are: asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (“aDSL” in this report), symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (“sDSL”), other wireline, cable modem, optical fiber to the end-user premises (“FTTP”), satellite, fixed wireless (using licensed or unlicensed spectrum), mobile wireless (using licensed or unlicensed spectrum), electric power line, and all other (which is included to capture deployment of additional technologies over time). In the Form 477 data collection, aDSL-based services delivered over fiber-to-the-node architecture are reported in the aDSL category. The other wireline category comprises T1/DS1, T3/DS3, and other copper-based connections, not elsewhere categorized, that deliver Internet access service at the end-user location. Ethernet connections delivering Internet access service are reported in the other wireline category if the connection terminates over copper and in the FTTP category if the connection terminates over fiber. Connections deployed over hybrid fiber-coax (HFC) architecture are reported in the cable modem category. Wireless ISPs (“WISPs”) report in the fixed wireless category if providing service to dispersed, fixed end-user locations and report in the mobile wireless category if providing a commercial service that can be received at any location within a service footprint. Wireless local area networks (such as Wi-Fi hotspots) that only enable local distribution and sharing of a premises connection are not included, although the shared premises connection is included. Numbers of connections presented in this report are not adjusted for the number of persons at a single end-user location who have access to, or who use, the Internet access services delivered over the connection to that location. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 81 Numbers of residential connections are estimated based on the total connections and percentage- residential connections information reported on Form 477. Census tracts Starting with data as of December 31, 2008, facilities-based providers of reportable fixed-location Internet access connections must report connection counts and percentage residential information at the census tract level of detail. Because of the inherent mobility of their service, facilities-based mobile wireless providers do not report subscriber counts by census tract. Instead, they report the census tracts in the state that best represent the areas where service is available over the provider’s own network, for each of the speed tiers in which the provider offers service. For the 2000 decennial census, the Census Bureau assigned a default census tract code of 000000 to some coastal and Great Lakes water and territorial sea. These default-code tracts are not included in the statistics presented in this report, which therefore summarize data for 66,287 census tracts. According to GeoLytics, Inc. estimates for 2010, about 200 census tracts have population but no households because the population resides in group living quarters. For the purpose of estimating residential subscribership rates by census tract, we assume these census tracts have no reportable residential Internet access service because persons residing in group quarters would have Internet access over a business connection provided to the operator of the group quarters. Therefore, these census tracts are included in the “zero” column. Decline in reported mobile wireless connections between June 2008 and December 2008 Changed reporting instructions starting in December 2008 caused a one-time decrease in the reported number of mobile wireless Internet access service connections, from about 60 million in June 2008 to about 25 million in December 2008. For reporting periods through June 30, 2008, Form 477 had instructed mobile wireless providers to report the number of subscribers whose mobile device (such as a wireless modem laptop card, smartphone, or handset) was capable of sending or receiving data at speeds above 200 kbps. The Commission found these instructions insufficiently precise to enable it to determine, from the reported data, the number of subscribers making regular use of Internet access service above 200 kbps as part of their mobile service package. Starting with the December 31, 2008 data, therefore, Form 477 requires mobile wireless providers to report the number of subscribers that have a capable device (as discussed above) for which the subscription includes a data plan for transferring, on a monthly basis, either a specified or an unlimited amount of data to and from Internet sites of the subscriber’s choice, and excluding subscribers whose choice of content is restricted to only customized- for-mobile content (for example, text and multimedia messaging, or the capacity to download ringtones and games). Starting with the December 31, 2008, data, providers also must report, explicitly and separately, total subscribers with a device capable of sending or receiving data at speeds above 200 kbps, irrespective of the service plan purchased. The number of such devices reported for December 2008 was about 86 million. That figure is not directly comparable to mobile wireless connections reported for June 2008 or earlier reporting periods, however, because individual providers – to a varying and largely unknown degree – included or excluded subscribers with service plans for less than full Internet access in the earlier data. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 82 Finally, the Form 477 modifications adopted for the December 31, 2008, and later, data specify how mobile wireless providers should distinguish between residential subscribers and other subscribers, and some of these providers consequently reported a larger share of residential subscribers than they had reported for earlier dates. Ratios of residential fixed-location connections to households that exceed 100% Starting with data as of December 31, 2008, information about connections over fixed-location technologies must be reported for individual census tracts. This allows us to estimate the share of households with fixed-location connections in individual census tracts by taking the ratio of the reported number of fixed-location residential service connections to the estimated number of households. In the year-end 2009 data, we continue to find “outlier” estimates at or above 100% and to find that the number of outliers is substantially reduced when estimates are made for individual counties rather than for individual census tracts. Possible explanations of ratios at or above 100% include (1) geocoding misallocations of service locations to census tracts; (2) proper allocation of connections to the county level by some filers, but improper allocation of all connections to a single tract in the county; (3) possible overestimation of residential connections in service plans for which the customer base is primarily residential; and (4) connections at seasonally or occasionally occupied housing units, such as vacation homes, while the household is counted elsewhere. The numbers of households in census tracts that were used to generate the estimated ratios are themselves estimates (for 2010, from GeoLytics, Inc.), which could have an independent effect. Maps showing number of providers by census tract Readers of previous reports in this series may note certain differences in the provider-count maps in this report as compared to maps for June 30, 2008 and earlier dates, which showed the number of providers by 5-digit geographical ZIP Code. The ZIP Code-based maps counted (at the holding company level) each provider with any fixed-location connections (wired, terrestrial fixed wireless, or satellite) reported for the ZIP Code and also any mobile wireless service provider who listed the ZIP Code as part of its service area. By contrast, in this report we provide separate maps for providers (counted at the holding company level) of fixed-location connections and for mobile wireless providers. Also, we present maps showing the number of providers that reported any residential fixed-location connections, thereby excluding any providers of exclusively business fixed-location connections in the census tract. Maps showing residential subscribership rates by census tract The two maps based on estimated Internet access connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction per 1,000 households (that is, estimated household subscribership, or adoption, rates) are not comparable to ZIP Code-based maps developed from FCC Form 477 data for June 30, 2008 and earlier dates because numbers of connections were never reported for individual ZIP Codes. Readers should note that these two maps (1) exclude all connections identified as business connections and (2) necessarily exclude residential mobile wireless connections (which are reported for the state but not for individual census tracts). U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 83 Glossary Term Definition aDSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line: A digital local loop typically using copper facilities and providing greater bandwidth in one direction than the other. Cable modem service A service which offers customers access to the Internet over a cable system. Downstream speed Speed of transmission from the Internet to the end user. End users Residential, business, institutional, or government entities who use services for their own purposes and who do not resell such services to other entities. Facilities-based provider Entity that owns the portion of the physical facility that terminates at the end-user location, obtains an unbundled network element (UNE), special access line, or other leased facility that terminates at the end-user location and provisions/equips it as a connection that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction, or provisions/equips a wireless channel that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction to the end-user location over licensed spectrum or over spectrum that the provider uses on an unlicensed basis. Fixed wireless A radio communication service between specified fixed points. Fixed-location technologies All technologies other than terrestrial mobile wireless. FTTH or FTTP Fiber to the Home (Premises): A network access architecture in which optical fiber is deployed all the way to the customer’s home (premises). Internet access service Service that provides end users access to the Internet. ISPs Internet Service Providers: Companies or organizations that provide Internet access service (see above). iVoIP Interconnected Voice Over Internet Protocol: A service that enables real- time, two-way voice communications; requires a broadband connection from the user’s location; requires Internet-protocol compatible customer premises equipment; and permits users generally to receive calls that originate on the public switched telephone network and to terminate calls to the public switched telephone network. Mobile wireless service A radio communication service between mobile and fixed stations, or between mobile stations. Mobile wireless provider Provider of mobile wireless service (see above). Other wireline All copper-wire based technologies other than DSL technologies; Ethernet over copper and T-1 are examples. Power line Internet access service delivered over electric power transmission lines. Satellite communications A telecommunications service provided via one or more satellite relays and their associated uplinks and downlinks. sDSL Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line: DSL technology that provides equal bandwidth for both uploads and downloads. U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 84 Speed tiers Sub-groupings defined by ranges of upstream speeds and downstream speeds. Upstream speed Speed of transmission from the end user to the Internet. Wi-Fi hotspot Wireless Fidelity: Generic term referring to any type of IEEE 802.11 wireless network. A hotspot is a small geographic area in which users can gain access to a Wi-Fi network which in turn connects to the Internet. Wireless service Telephone, Internet, data, and other services provided to customers through the transmission of signals over networks of radio towers. Wireless service provider Provider of wireless service (see above). Wireless telecommunications Any means of electronic data transfer using electromagnetic means, most commonly radio waves. WISP Wireless ISP: A company that provides end users with wireless access to the Internet, most commonly by using radio spectrum designated for unlicensed use. WLAN Wireless local area network: A WLAN uses radio waves to connect user devices to a local area network (LAN), thereby extending an existing wired LAN. . U.S. Federal Communications Commission Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 85 Customer Response Publication: Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2010 You can help us provide the best possible information to the public by completing this form and returning it to the Industry Analysis and Technology Division of the FCC's Wireline Competition Bureau. 1. Please check the category that best describes you: ____ press ____ current telecommunications carrier ____ potential telecommunications carrier ____ business customer evaluating vendors/service options ____ consultant, law firm, lobbyist ____ other business customer ____ academic/student ____ residential customer ____ FCC employee ____ other federal government employee ____ state or local government employee ____ Other (please specify) 2. 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