FRED UPTON, MICHIGAN CHAIRMAN HENRY A. WAXMAN, CALIFORNIA RANKING MEMBER ONE HUNDRED THIRTEENTH CONGRESS (!Congress of tbe ltntteb ~tates 1!}ou~e of 1\epre~entatibe~ COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE 2125 RAYBURN HousE OFFICE BuiLDING W ASHINGTON, DC 20515-6115 The Honorable Tom Wheeler Chairman Federal Communications Commission 445 12th Street, SW Washington, DC 20554 Dear Chairman Wheeler: MdiOrlty (202) 225- 2927 M111onty (202) 225 3641 May 14, 2014 Recei'Jed & \nspected "' /\~ 1 g 'LOH FCC Mai\ Room We spoke last month about the importance of network neutrality and my support for strong, enforceable rules of the road to protect the free and open Internet. I appreciate your commitment to reinstate open Internet rules based on a solid legal framework that preserves innovation, competition, and consumer choice online. And I support your decision to ask the Commissioners of the Federal Communications Commission to vote on these proposed rules on May 15, 2014. Since our discussion, I understand you have further modified your proposal to ensure the Commission's new rules will not legalize segregation of the Internet into fast and slow lanes under a "paid prioritization" arrangement between broadband providers and content companies. These schemes have always been antithetical to the principles of an open Internet, and I commend you for taking this step. I also support your efforts to reinstate the no-blocking and nondiscrimination rules. This proceeding will be the FCC's third attempt to establish open Internet rules. The difficulty in establishing these rules has not been their substance. In 2010, I led legislative negotiations that produced the Open Internet Act of 2010, which would have prohibited blocking ofwebsites and unjust or unreasonable discrimination by wireline broadband [nternet service providers. This legislation was endorsed by all sides of the open Internet debate, including open Internet advocates like Public Knowledge and the Consumer Federation of America and the major Internet service providers including AT&T, Verizon, and cable companies represented by the National Cable and Telecommunications Association. The policies embodied in the The Honorable Tom Wheeler May 14, 2014 Page 2 legislation were codified in the FCC's 2010 open Internet rules. They remain a sound foundation for the rules you are considering. The difficulty has also not been the FCC's legal authority. There is legal consensus that the FCC has the authority to adopt these rules if the FCC reclassified broadband Internet connectivity as a telecommunications service under Title II of the Communications Act. Even the D.C. Circuit decision in Verizon v. FCC recognized that the open Internet rules would have been upheld if the FCC had not "chosen to classify broadband providers in a manner that exempts them from treatment as common carriers." 1 Instead, the difficulty that the FCC has repeatedly encountered has been justifying the open Internet rules without taking the step of classifying broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service. The large service providers have fought regulation under Title II because it would carry with it the authority of the FCC to regulate rates in a future proceeding. The providers have maintained this opposition even when the FCC suggested using its authority to forbear from applying most of the requirements ofTitle II to broadband service, including forbearing from rate regulation. The D.C. Circuit' s decision in Verizon undercuts the providers' position because the court held that the FCC has authority to regulate broadband under section 706 of the Telecommunications Act without Title II reclassification. Section 706 expressly provides that the FCC can utilize "price cap regulation" and other measures to remove barriers to infrastructure investment and promote broadband deployment.2 This means that broadband Internet service providers are subject to potential rate regulation whether they are regulated under Title II or section 706. A voiding the remote possibility of rate regulation is no longer a persuasive rationale for avoiding the invocation of the Commission's Title II authority. I believe the time has come for the FCC to stop putting vitally important open Internet rules in jeopardy through legal gymnastics. I have no objection to the agency's proceeding under section 706 as the preferred basis of authority, as this may generate less opposition from some quarters than proceeding under Title II. But the FCC should also use its undisputed Title II authority as additional authority. There are a number of ways the FCC could mandate automatic reinstatement of the no-blocking and nondiscrimination protections under Title II of the Communications Act in the event that the courts once again invalidate the strong open Internet rules under section 706. These could include using Title II as ' 'backstop authority," issuing one order under section 706 and a contingent order under Title II, or reclassifying broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service and forbearing the no-blocking and nondiscrimination requirements while the section 706 rules remain in effect. This approach will allow the FCC to 1 Verizon v. FCC, 740 F.3d 623 (D.C. Cir. 2014). 2 See 47 U.S.C. § 1302(a). The Honorable Tom Wheeler May 14,2014 Page 3 get the policy right and avoid the need to water down essential open Internet protections out of a concern about inadequate authority. The lnternet service providers have been litigating the open lnternet rules for too long. They lobby the FCC to avoid using its strongest legal authority for the open Internet rules. Then when the FCC agrees with them, they sue the agency on the basis that the FCC lacks the power to protect an open lnternet. The approach I suggest would stop these legal games. I was pleased to read that Professor Tim Wu of Columbia Law School recently made a similar proposal in the New Yorker. As he wrote, "the Commission's best course is to pass tough rules under 706 with Title II as the backup, to insure the rules survive a court challenge. This strategy may actually ward off court challenges .... Attempting to invalidate the rules with lawsuits could well reactivate the full authority of the Commission over broadband, with the carriers unable to blame anyone but themselves."3 The Internet is a great American success story thanks to our longstanding national commitment to communications policies that prevent broadband providers from acting like gatekeepers online. I urge you and your colleagues to move forward with your Notice of Proposed Rulemaking later this week and to incorporate a Title II backup proposal as part of the item. Sincerely, Ranking Member cc: The Honorable Mignon Clyburn Commissioner Federal Communications Commission The Honorable Jessica Rosenworcel Commissioner Federal Communications Commission 3 The New Yorker, The Solution to the F. C. C.'s Net-Neutrality Problems (May 9, 2014) (online at www .newyorker.com/online/blogs/elements/20 14/05/tom-wheeler-fcc-net-neutrality­ problems.html). The Honorable Tom Wheeler May 14,2014 Page4 The Honorable Ajit Pai Commissioner Federal Communications Commission The Honorable Michael O'Rielly Commissioner Federal Communications Commission