Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2016 Industry Analysis and Technology Division Wireline Competition Bureau April 2017 This report is available for reference in the FCC’s Reference Information Center, Courtyard Level, 445 12th Street, SW, Washington, DC. Copies may be purchased by contacting Best Copy and Printing, Inc., 445 12th Street, SW, Room CY-B402, Washington, DC 20554, telephone (800) 378-3160, or via their website at www.bcpiweb.com. The report can also be downloaded from the Internet Access Services Reports webpage at https://www.fcc.gov/general/iatd-data-statistical-reports. Table of Contents SECTION 1: OVERVIEW & HIGHLIGHTS .....................................................................1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................1 Total Connections ....................................................................................................................2 Figure 1 Fixed and Mobile Connections by Speed 2013-2016 .....................................2 Connections by Speed ..............................................................................................................3 Figure 2(a) Distribution of Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed.............................3 Figure 2(b) Distribution of Fixed Connections by Upstream Speed .................................4 Figure 3 Fixed Connections by Speed 2013-2016 ........................................................5 Number of Providers by Census Block ..................................................................................6 Figure 4 Percentages of Developed Census Blocks in which Providers Report Deployment of Residential Fixed Broadband .....................................6 Internet Access Subscribership ..............................................................................................7 Figure 5 Fixed Connections 2001-2016 ........................................................................7 Other Report Highlights..........................................................................................................8 SECTION 2: SUMMARY STATISTICS - THE NATION ..............................................10 SECTION 3: SUMMARY STATISTICS - THE STATES ...............................................28 SECTION 4: SUMMARY STATISTICS - COUNTIES AND CENSUS TRACTS .......38 SECTION 5: CORRELATION RESULTS - DEMOGRAPHIC MEASURES ..............48 Technical Notes ......................................................................................................................56 Glossary ..................................................................................................................................59 SECTION 1: OVERVIEW & HIGHLIGHTS Introduction This report summarizes information about Internet access connections in the United States as of June 30, 2016 as collected by FCC Form 477. For purposes of this report, Internet access connections are those in service, over 200 kilobits per second (kbps) in at least one direction, and reported to the FCC through Form 477.1 The report includes data on total and residential Internet access connections by downstream and upstream speed, by technology, by geography, and over time. Section 2 of the report presents nationwide statistics, Section 3 provides state-level data, and Section 4 includes data on the subscribership differences among counties and census tracts.2 In addition, Section 5 of the report includes an analysis of the correlations between subscribership ratios and various demographic measures.3 Maps depicting the number of fixed connections per 1,000 households by census tract and the number of fixed providers by census block are available online at https://www.fcc.gov/reports-research/reports/internet-access-services-reports/internet- access-services-reports. 1 See the Technical Notes and Glossary at the end of this report for more-detailed information about the Form 477 data collection and the meaning of terms used in this report. Note that the Form 477 data for the June 30, 2014 filing period were not subject to typical quality checks. See Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2014 (March 2016) at 2, available at https://apps.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DOC-338630A1.pdf. In addition, the figures on mobile broadband subscribership by speed tier (formerly Figures 4(a), 4(b), and 12) have been removed to maintain firm confidentiality. 2 The Commission began collecting census tract-level data for data as of December 31, 2008. See High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31, 2008 (February 2010) (December 2008 High-Speed Report) at 1-4, available at http://www.fcc.gov/encyclopedia/high-speed-services-internet-access-reports. 3 Publicly-available data that are too voluminous to include in this report are available online at https://www.fcc.gov/general/fcc-form-477-additional-data. 1 Total Connections ? As shown in Figure 1, the total number of Internet connections increased by about 8% between June 2015 and June 2016 to 369 million. ? Most of the growth in total Internet connections is attributable to increased mobile Internet access subscribership. The number of mobile Internet connections increased 10% year-over-year to 265 million in June 2016, while the number of fixed connections grew to 104 million – up 4% from June 2015. Figure 1 Fixed and Mobile Connections 2013-2016 Connections include both residential and business connections. Some previously-published data may have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals elsewhere in this report due to rounding. The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). * The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes). Fixed Mobile 190.7 94.0 284.7 197.4 96.0 293.4 215.3 96.0 311.3 223.5 97.8 321.3 242.0 100.1 342.1 253.0 102.2 355.2 265.4 104.0 369.4 C o n n e c t i o n s i n M i l l i o n s 0 100 200 300 400 Jun 2013 Dec 2013 Jun 2014* Dec 2014 Jun 2015 Dec 2015 Jun 2016 2 Connections by Speed Fixed connections – downstream speeds. Figure 2(a) illustrates how the 104 million fixed connections reported for June 2016 were distributed across the five groups of downstream speeds defined by breakpoints at 3 Mbps, 10 Mbps, 25 Mbps, and 100 Mbps. ? In June 2016, 5% of fixed connections (or 5 million connections) were slower than 3 Mbps downstream, 15% (or 16 million connections) were at least 3 Mbps downstream but slower than 10 Mbps, 23% (or 24 million connections) were at least 10 Mbps downstream but slower than 25 Mbps, 39% (or 41 million connections) were at least 25 Mbps downstream but slower than 100 Mbps, and 18% (or 18 million connections) were at least 100 Mbps.4 4 See Figure 9. Figure 2(a) Distribution of Fixed Connections (104.0 million) by Downstream Speed as of June 30, 2016 Downstream Speed Less than 3 Mbps (5.0 million) At least 3 Mbps & less than 10 Mbps (15.7 million) At least 10 Mbps & less than 25 Mbps (24.1 million) At least 25 Mbps & less than 100 Mbps (40.8 million) At least 100 Mbps (18.4 million) 4.8% 15.1% 23.2% 39.2% 17.7% 3 Fixed connections – upstream speeds. Figure 2(b) illustrates how the 104 million fixed connections reported for June 2016 were distributed across the four groups of upstream speeds defined by breakpoints at 1 Mbps, 3 Mbps, and 6 Mbps. ? In June 2016, 14% of fixed connections (or 15 million connections) were slower than 1 Mbps upstream, 25% (or 26 million connections) were at least 1 Mbps upstream but slower than 3 Mbps, 30% (or 31 million connections) were at least 3 Mbps upstream but slower than 6 Mbps, and 31% (or 32 million connections) were at least 6 Mbps upstream.5 Fixed connections by downstream speed over time. Figure 3 illustrates how the composition of total fixed Internet connections by different speed groups has changed from 2013 to 2016. 5 Ibid. Figure 2(b) Distribution of Fixed Connections (104.0 million) by Upstream Speed as of June 30, 2016 Upstream Speed Less than 1 Mbps (14.8 million) At least 1 Mbps & less than 3 Mbps (25.6 million) At least 3 Mbps & less than 6 Mbps (31.4 million) At least 6 Mbps (32.2 million) 14.2% 24.6% 30.2% 31.0% 4 ? The percentage of fixed connections with a downstream speed of at least 25 Mbps has grown from 24% (or 23 million connections) in June 2013 to 57% (or 59 million connections) in June 2016. Over the same period, the percentage of fixed connections with slower downstream speeds of less than 3 Mbps has decreased from 18% (or 17 million connections) in June 2013 to 5% (or 5 million connections) in June 2016. Figure 3 Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed 2013-2016 Connections include both residential and business connections. Some previously-published data may have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals elsewhere in this report due to rounding. The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). * The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes). At least 100 Mbps At least 25 Mbps and less than 100 Mbps At least 10 Mbps and less than 25 Mbps At least 3 Mbps and less than 10 Mbps Less than 3 Mbps 17.2 22.0 32.1 22.3 94.0 10.0 21.8 33.0 30.4 96.0 9.1 20.2 29.9 31.9 4.8 96.0 8.1 18.8 27.4 34.0 9.5 97.8 6.5 18.0 25.8 37.5 12.3 100.1 5.8 16.6 25.1 39.2 15.5 102.2 5.0 15.7 24.1 40.8 18.4 104.0 C o n n e c t i o n s i n M i l l i o n s 0 25 50 75 100 Jun 2013 Dec 2013 Jun 2014* Dec 2014 Jun 2015 Dec 2015 Jun 2016 5 Number of Providers by Census Block In Figure 4, we show the percentage of “developed” census blocks – blocks that contain housing units – with zero, one, two, or three or more fixed broadband providers offering residential Internet access service at different speeds in June 2016. This information is taken from the block-level Form 477 fixed broadband deployment data that the Commission began collecting in 2014. A provider that reports offering service in a particular census block may not offer service, or service at that speed, to all locations in the census block. Accordingly, the number of providers shown in Figure 4 does not necessarily reflect the number of choices available to a particular household and does not purport to measure competition. Figure 4 Percentages of Developed Census Blocks in which Providers Reported the Deployment of Residential Fixed Broadband as of June 30, 2016 census. Column figures may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Developed census blocks are those with housing units based on the 2010 in 99.1% of developed census blocks * Satellite service providers report offering Internet access at bandwidths of at least 10 Mbps downstream and 1 Mbps upstream 0 Providers 1 Provider 2 Providers 3+ Providers 10 90 18 79 21 37 29 13 51 37 10 P e r c e n t a g e o f C e n s u s B l o c k s w i t h H o u s i n g U n i t s 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 At least 3 Mbps downstream and at least 768 kbps upstream* At least 10 Mbps downstream and at least 1 Mbps upstream* At least 25 Mbps downstream and at least 3 Mbps upstream At least 100 Mbps downstream and at least 10 Mbps upstream 6 Internet Access Subscribership Figure 5 illustrates the number of total and residential fixed Internet access connections (connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction except mobile wireless connections), as well as the number of total fixed connections per 100 persons and the number of residential fixed connections per 100 households, since 2001.6 Figure 5 Fixed Connections 2001-2016 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) ? Between June 2006 and June 2016, total (business and residential) fixed connections grew from 54 million connections to 104 million connections – at a compound annual growth rate of 7% per year.7 6 For data through December 2004, only those providers with at least 250 connections in a state were required to report. Historical fixed-location connection counts not included in this report may be found in June 2008 High- Speed Report at Tables 1 and 3, available in Excel format at https://www.fcc.gov/general/reports-high-speed- services-internet-access. 7 The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is a smoothed rate of growth calculated in three steps. First, divide the ending value by the beginning value. Second, raise the result of that division to a power equal to one divided by the number of years in the period (in this case, 10 years, so the power is 1/10). Third, subtract the number one from the result of the second step. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000 110,000 C o n n ec ti o n s p er 1 0 0 U n it s C o n n ec ti o n s in T h o u sa n d s Residential Fixed Connections (left axis) Total Fixed Connections (left axis) Residential Fixed Connections per 100 Households (right axis) Total Fixed Connections per 100 Population (right axis) 7 ? Over the same ten-year period, residential fixed connections grew from 50 million connections to 95 million connections – also at a compound annual growth rate of 7% per year. ? From June 2006 to June 2016, the number of residential fixed connections per 100 U.S. households increased from 42 to 74.8 Other Report Highlights Average speeds ? The median downstream speed of all reported fixed connections was 28 Mbps and the median upstream speed was 5 Mbps. For residential fixed connections, the median downstream speed was 30 Mbps and the median upstream speed was 5 Mbps. Residential connections ? Residential fixed Internet access connections increased by about 4% between June 2015 and June 2016, to 95 million. See Figure 7. ? Residential (non-business) mobile wireless Internet access connections on mobile devices with data plans for full Internet access increased by 10%, to 221 million, between June 2015 and June 2016. See Figure 7. ? Approximately 79% of residential fixed connections had a speed of at least 10 Mbps downstream and 1 Mbps upstream in June 2016, while 59% had a speed of at least 25 Mbps downstream and 3 Mbps upstream. About 19% percent of all residential fixed connections had a downstream speed of at least 100 Mbps. See Figures 10 and 27. ? As a national average in June 2016, there were 63 residential fixed connections with speeds of at least 10 Mbps downstream and 1 Mbps upstream per 100 households.9 See Figure 32. 8 We calculate residential fixed connections per 100 households using, in the denominator, U.S. household estimates from the Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey (CPS) for July of each year and, for Puerto Rico and the other inhabited island areas, Census 2010 households for 2010 and later years and Census 2000 households for the earlier years. (The CPS also estimates U.S. households for March and November of each year.) Figure 5 also shows total (business and residential) fixed connections per 100 population, which we calculate using U.S. Census Bureau population estimates for the United States and Puerto Rico – which are as of July 1 each year – and, for the remaining inhabited island areas, Census 2010 population for 2010 and later years and Census 2000 population for the earlier years. This statistic incorporates connections to business locations into a comparison to persons. (We note that the ratio of accurately-measured residential fixed connections to population has a maximum value for any given country and point in time – the value when every household is connected – if we assume that no household would have more than one fixed connection to its premises. For the United States in June, for example, the maximum value would be 39 because there were about 128 million households in the United States and inhabited insular areas and a population of about 327 million according to the sources used for Figure 5.) 9 Increases over time in the ratio of residential fixed connections to households indicate that increasing shares of households are connected at home. The ratio is somewhat different from the “take rate” of offered service (which may also be called an “adoption rate”) because some households may be located in areas where no fixed-location service is offered. These methodological differences are discussed in greater detail in Inquiry Concerning the Deployment of Advanced Telecommunications Capability to All Americans in a Reasonable and Timely Fashion, and Possible Steps to Accelerate Such Deployment Pursuant to Section 706 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, 8 Census tract and county shares of households with reportable connections ? We estimate the share of households with fixed Internet access connections in individual census tracts and counties as of June 30, 2016.10 We continue to observe substantial variation among these estimates. See Figures 37 and 39. Household subscribership rates and demographics ? The report includes charts that illustrate correlations between household subscribership rates and demographic measures. We update charts based on income, household density, education, age, and race. The data indicate that some demographic variables are correlated with Internet access subscribership rates. See Figures 44-50. Amended by the Broadband Data Improvement Act, GN Docket No.11-121, Eighth Broadband Progress Report, 27 FCC Rcd 10342, 10386, para. 94 (2012). 10 For both census tracts and counties, we continue to find estimates above 100% for the share of households with fixed Internet access connections. See p. 57 for more information. 9 SECTION 2 SUMMARY STATISTICS: THE NATION Table of Contents Figure 6 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2012-2016 .......................... 12 Figure 7 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2012-2016 ................................................................................................ 12 Figure 8 Residential Fixed Connections by Speed 2013-2016 .............................................. 13 Figure 9 Distribution of Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2016 .................................................................................. 14 Figure 10 Distribution of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2016........................................................................... 15 Figure 11 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2012-2016 ................................................................................................................ 16 Figure 12 Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2016 .................................................... 16 Figure 13 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2012-2016 ................................................................................................................ 17 Figure 14 Residential Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2016 ................................. 17 Figure 15 Fixed Connections at Least 3 Mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2012-2016 ............................................................................................ 18 Figure 16 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 3 Mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2012-2016 ...................................................................... 18 Figure 17 Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2014-2016 ............................................................................................ 19 Figure 18 Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by Technology as of June 30, 2016 .............................................................................. 19 Figure 19 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2014-2016 ...................................................................... 20 Figure 20 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by Technology as of June 30, 2016 ......................................................... 20 Figure 21 Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2014-2016 ............................................................................................ 21 Figure 22 Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology as of June 30, 2016 .............................................................................. 21 Figure 23 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2014-2016 ....................................................................................... 22 Figure 24 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology as of June 30, 2016 ......................................................................... 22 Figure 25 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2012-2016 (Shares of Selected Technologies) .................................... 23 10 Figure 26 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2012-2016 (Net Adds for Selected Technologies) .............................. 23 Figure 27 Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2016 (Shares of Selected Technologies for Selected Speeds) ......................................... 24 Figure 28 Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed Tier and Technology as of June 30, 2016 .......................................................................................................... 25 Figure 29 Residential Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed Tier and Technology as of June 30, 2016 .......................................................................................................... 26 Figure 30 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2012-2016 ...................................................................... 27 Figure 31 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction - Selected Technologies 2012-2016 ....................................................... 27 11 Figure 6 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2012-2016 (In thousands) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun* Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 243, 359 262, 564 284, 692 293, 397 311,284 321,305 342,096 355,229 369,416 Total Fixed 89, 945 92, 511 93, 986 96, 032 95,998 97,810 100,134 102,212 104,042 Mobil e W ireles s 153, 414 170, 053 190, 706 197, 365 215,286 223,495 241,962 253,017 265,374 Figure 7 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2012-2016 (In thousands) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun* Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 196, 665 215, 817 235, 273 246, 797 264,343 273,950 292,279 303,655 316,454 Total Fixed 82, 217 84, 392 85, 277 87, 599 87,360 89,196 91,419 93,430 94,966 Mobil e W ireles s 114, 448 131, 425 149, 996 159, 197 176,983 184,754 200,859 210,224 221,488 * The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes). The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Some previously-published data may have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals elsewhere in this report due to rounding. 12 Figure 8 Residential Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed 2013-2016 p re vio us ly-p ub lis he d d ata may have b e e n re vis e d . F ig ure s may no t s um to to tals e ls e whe re in this re p o rt d ue to ro und ing . T he C o m m is s io n ap p ro ve d c hang e s to the F o rm 4 7 7 in J une 2 0 1 3 that af f e c t the d ata b e g inning in J une 2 0 1 4 (s e e T e c hnic al No te s ). S o m e * T he J une 2 0 1 4 d ata have no t b e e n s ub je c te d to the typ ic al q uality c he c ks (s e e T e c hnic al No te s ). A t l ea s t 100 Mbp s A t l ea s t 25 Mbp s and l es s tha n 100 Mbp s A t l ea s t 10 Mbp s and l es s tha n 25 Mbp s A t l ea s t 3 Mbp s and l es s tha n 10 Mbp s L e s s tha n 3 Mbp s 14.9 19.1 29.8 21.3 85.3 8.4 18.7 30.5 29.5 87.6 7.6 17.5 27.1 30.7 4.5 87.4 6.7 16.3 24.5 32.5 9.1 89.2 5.2 15.6 23.1 35.6 11.9 91.4 4.6 14.4 22.4 37.2 14.9 93.4 3.9 13.6 21.4 38.5 17.7 95.0 C o n n e c t i o n s i n M i l l i o n s 0 2 5 5 0 7 5 1 0 0 Ju n 2 0 1 3 Dec 2 0 1 3 Ju n 2 0 1 4 * Dec 2 0 1 4 Ju n 2 0 1 5 Dec 2 0 1 5 Ju n 2 0 1 6 13 Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands) Downstream Speed Upstream Speed Less than 3 Mbps At least 3 Mbps and less than 10 Mbps At least 10 Mbps and less than 25 Mbps At least 25 Mbps and less than 100 Mbps At least 100 Mbps Total Less than 1 Mbps 3, 533 8, 363 2, 898 7 1 14, 802 At least 1 Mbps & Less than 3 Mbps 1, 474 6, 984 16, 691 449 10 25, 608 At least 3 Mbps 1 346 4, 512 40, 350 18, 425 63, 633 Tot al 5, 008 15, 692 24, 101 40, 806 18, 435 104,042 Percentages Less than 1 Mbps 3. 4 8. 0 2. 8 0. 0 0. 0 14. 2 At least 1 Mbps & Less than 3 Mbps 1. 4 6. 7 16. 0 0. 4 0. 0 24. 6 At least 3 Mbps 0. 0 0. 3 4. 3 38. 8 17. 7 61. 2 Tot al 4. 8 15. 1 23. 2 39. 2 17. 7 100.0 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. # = Rounds to zero. Source: FCC Form 477. Figure 9 Distribution of Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2016 Note: Inner circle (light shading) represents upstream speeds. D o wns tre am S p e e d < 3 Mb p s ; 4 .8 % >= 3 Mb p s & < 1 0 Mb p s ; 1 5 .1 % >= 1 0 Mb p s & < 2 5 Mb p s ; 2 3 .2 % >= 2 5 Mb p s & < 1 0 0 Mb p s ; 3 9 .2 >= 1 0 0 Mb p s ; 1 7 .7 % < 1 Mb p s 3 .4 % >= 1 Mb p s & < 3 Mb p s 1 .4 % < 1 Mb p s 8 .0 % >= 1 Mb p s & < 3 Mb p s 6 .7 % >= 3 Mb p s 0 .3 % >= 1 Mb p s & < 3 Mb p s 1 6 .0 % >= 3 Mb p s 4 .3 % < 1 Mb p s 2 .8 % >= 3 Mb p s 3 8 .8 % >= 1 Mb p s & < 3 Mb p s 0 .4 % >= 3 Mb p s 1 7 .7 % 14 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands) Downstream Speed Upstream Speed Less than 3 Mbps At least 3 Mbps and less than 10 Mbps At least 10 Mbps and less than 25 Mbps At least 25 Mbps and less than 100 Mbps At least 100 Mbps Total Less than 1 Mbps 2, 827 6, 906 2, 710 7 # 12, 450 At least 1 Mbps & Less than 3 Mbps 1, 028 6, 519 15, 307 411 5 23, 269 At least 3 Mbps # 146 3, 383 38, 049 17, 669 59, 248 Tot al 3, 854 13, 571 21, 401 38, 466 17, 674 94, 966 Percentages Less than 1 Mbps 3. 0 7. 3 2. 9 0. 0 0. 0 13. 1 At least 1 Mbps & Less than 3 Mbps 1. 1 6. 9 16. 1 0. 4 0. 0 24. 5 At least 3 Mbps 0. 0 0. 2 3. 6 40. 1 18. 6 62. 4 Tot al 4. 1 14. 3 22. 5 40. 5 18. 6 100.0 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. # = Rounds to zero. Source: FCC Form 477. Figure 10 Distribution of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2016 Note: Inner circle (light shading) represents upstream speeds. D o wns tre am S p e e d < 3 Mb p s ; 4 .1 % >= 3 Mb p s & < 1 0 Mb p s ; 1 4 .3 % >= 1 0 Mb p s & < 2 5 Mb p s ; 2 2 .5 % >= 2 5 Mb p s & < 1 0 0 Mb p s ; 4 0 .5 >= 1 0 0 Mb p s ; 1 8 .6 % < 1 Mb p s 3 .0 % >= 1 Mb p s & < 3 Mb p s 1 .1 % < 1 Mb p s 7 .3 % >= 1 Mb p s & < 3 Mb p s 6 .9 % >= 3 Mb p s 0 .2 % >= 1 Mb p s & < 3 Mb p s 1 6 .1 % >= 3 Mb p s 3 .6 % < 1 Mb p s 2 .9 % >= 3 Mb p s 4 0 .1 % >= 1 Mb p s & < 3 Mb p s 0 .4 % >= 3 Mb p s 1 8 .6 % 15 Figure 11 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2012-2016 (In thousands) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun* Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 243, 359 262, 564 284, 692 293, 397 311,284 321,305 342,096 355,229 369,416 Total Fixed 89, 945 92, 511 93, 986 96, 032 95,998 97,810 100,134 102,212 104,042 aDSL 31, 173 30, 974 30, 657 30, 690 29,873 28,527 29,341 28,131 27,484 sDSL 139 132 117 108 96 85 75 60 56 Other W ireli ne 1 770 796 769 772 792 723 682 693 673 Cable Modem 49, 664 51, 646 52, 760 54, 009 54,011 56,301 57,243 59,706 61,453 FTTP 2 6,300 6,733 7,250 7,745 8,326 9,180 9,687 10,499 11,129 Satelli t e 1,217 1,454 1,623 1,849 1,964 2,006 2,058 2,071 2,079 Fixed W ireles s 682 777 810 858 935 988 1,049 1,052 1,169 Mobil e W ireles s 153, 414 170, 053 190, 706 197, 365 215,286 223,495 241,962 253,017 265,374 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Fiber to the premises. * The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes). The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Some previously-published data may have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Figure 12 Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2016 aD S L 7.4% FT T P 3.0% C able M o dem 16.6% M o bi le W ireless 71.8% A ll Other 1.1% 16 Figure 13 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2012-2016 (In thousands) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun* Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 196, 665 215, 817 235, 273 246, 797 264,343 273,950 292,279 303,655 316,454 Total Fixed 82, 217 84, 392 85, 277 87, 599 87,360 89,196 91,419 93,430 94,966 aDSL 27, 632 27, 391 26, 869 27, 248 26,678 25,603 26,154 25,137 24,483 sDSL 49 50 43 39 30 22 17 16 11 Other W ireli ne 1 14 34 22 22 57 59 52 54 51 Cable Modem 47, 033 48, 716 49, 494 50, 709 50,389 52,467 53,543 55,799 57,354 FTTP 2 5,892 6,270 6,732 7,176 7,617 8,368 8,841 9,592 10,131 Satelli t e 998 1,242 1,407 1,643 1,760 1,803 1,875 1,891 1,897 Fixed W ireles s 600 689 710 763 829 874 937 942 1,039 Mobil e W ireles s 114, 448 131, 425 149, 996 159, 197 176,983 184,754 200,859 210,224 221,488 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Fiber to the premises. * The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes). The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Some previously-published data may have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Figure 14 Residential Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2016 aD S L 7.7% FT T P 3.2% C able M o dem 18.1% M o bi le W ireless 70.0% A ll Other 0.9% 17 Figure 15 Fixed Connections at Least 3 Mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2012-2016 (In thousands) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun* Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 57, 243 64, 657 68, 673 78, 175 78,981 83,872 88,985 92,352 95,481 aDSL 12, 875 13, 108 14, 233 18, 540 17,246 18,557 20,939 20,741 21,144 sDSL 30 33 34 36 33 28 24 20 20 Other W ireli ne 1 239 276 284 308 310 308 296 330 336 Cable Modem 37, 798 44, 133 46, 014 50, 236 51,304 53,853 55,807 58,423 60,341 FTTP 2 6,001 6,430 6,981 7,486 8,111 8,974 9,551 10,384 11,017 Satelli t e 87 394 791 1,181 1,424 1,558 1,690 1,744 1,775 Fixed W ireles s 214 284 337 388 553 594 677 710 849 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Fiber to the premises. * The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes). # = Rounds to zero. The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Some previously-published data may have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Figure 16 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 3 Mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2012-2016 (In thousands) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun* Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 53, 070 59, 914 63, 342 72, 476 73,042 77,540 82,300 85,435 88,170 aDSL 11, 563 11, 669 12, 666 16, 715 15,673 16,867 18,985 18,863 19,205 sDSL 12 13 13 13 7 2 1 2 2 Other W ireli ne 1 7 20 21 20 45 50 45 47 49 Cable Modem 35, 583 41, 561 43, 061 47, 258 47,924 50,308 52,241 54,650 56,350 FTTP 2 5,632 6,012 6,504 6,958 7,491 8,246 8,750 9,513 10,054 Satelli t e 86 393 788 1,177 1,419 1,552 1,682 1,734 1,764 Fixed W ireles s 185 245 289 335 483 516 596 626 745 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Fiber to the premises. * The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes). # = Rounds to zero. The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Some previously-published data may have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. 18 Figure 17 Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2014-2016 (In thousands) 2014 2015 2016 Technology Jun* Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 63,849 68,009 72,691 76,939 80,436 aDSL 7,573 8,310 9,463 9,799 10,348 sDSL 9 6 8 8 8 Other W ireli ne 1 169 183 182 203 210 Cable Modem 47,296 49,839 52,646 55,710 57,950 FTTP 2 7,615 8,341 8,873 9,575 10,130 Satelli t e 1,016 1,137 1,298 1,393 1,467 Fixed W ireles s 170 192 220 252 323 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Fiber to the premises. * The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes). # = Rounds to zero. The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Figure 18 Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by Technology as of June 30, 2016 aD S L 12.9% FT T P 12.6% C able M o dem 72.0% A ll Other 2.5% 19 Figure 19 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2014-2016 (In thousands) 2014 2015 2016 Technology Jun* Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 59,751 63,522 67,881 71,784 74,824 aDSL 7,035 7,741 8,740 9,069 9,525 sDSL 3 # # 1 2 Other W ireli ne 1 33 36 38 43 47 Cable Modem 44,480 46,767 49,475 52,294 54,273 FTTP 2 7,044 7,679 8,144 8,776 9,239 Satelli t e 1,014 1,133 1,293 1,386 1,460 Fixed W ireles s 142 166 190 213 278 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Fiber to the premises. * The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes). # = Rounds to zero. The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Figure 20 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by Technology as of June 30, 2016 aD S L 12.7% FT T P 12.3% C able M o dem 72.5% A ll Other 2.4% 20 1 Figure 21 Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2014-2016 (In thousands) 2014 2015 2016 Technology Jun+ Dec Jun Dec Jun Total Fixed 35,927 42,390 48,449 54,360 58,774 aDSL 420 598 761 938 1,239 sDSL 2 2 1 * * Other W ireli ne 1 114 125 125 141 158 Cable Modem 30,769 36,095 40,646 45,530 48,694 FTTP 2 4,603 5,542 6,870 7,691 8,599 Satelli t e # # # * * Fixed W ireles s 19 28 47 55 68 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Fiber to the premises. + The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes). * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. # = Rounds to zero. The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Revised May 2, 2017. Figure 22 Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology as of June 30, 2016 FT T P 14.6% aD S L 2.1% C able M o dem 82.8% A ll Other 0.4% 21 2 Figure 23 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2014-2016 (In thousands) 2014 2015 2016 Technology Jun+ Dec Jun Dec Jun Total Fixed 34,439 40,595 46,198 51,811 55,718 aDSL 397 566 727 897 1,173 sDSL # # # * * Other W ireli ne 1 22 26 26 31 41 Cable Modem 29,806 34,914 39,083 43,746 46,526 FTTP 2 4,201 5,068 6,323 7,089 7,909 Satelli t e 0 0 0 * * Fixed W ireles s 14 22 40 46 54 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Fiber to the premises. + The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes). * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. # = Rounds to zero. The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Revised May 2, 2017. Figure 24 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology as of June 30, 2016 FT T P 14.2% aD S L 2.1% C able M o dem 83.5% A ll Other 0.2% 22 Figure 25 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2012-2016 (Shares of selected technologies) data may have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Some previously-published * The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes). aD S L C able M o dem FT T P A ll Other Fixed 5 7 . 7 7 . 4 3 2 . 5 5 7 . 9 2 . 8 8 . 2 3 1 . 1 5 8 . 8 3 . 1 9 . 4 2 8 . 7 5 9 . 7 3 . 1 1 0 . 3 2 6 . 9 5 7 . 2 7 . 2 3 3 . 6 5 8 . 0 7 . 9 3 1 . 5 5 7 . 7 3 . 1 8 . 7 3 0 . 5 5 8 . 6 3 . 2 9 . 7 2 8 . 6 6 0 . 4 3 . 2 1 0 . 7 2 5 . 8 P e r c e n t a g e o f R e s i d e n t i a l F i x e d C o n n e c t i o n s 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 1 0 0 J un 2 0 1 2 D e c 2 0 1 2 J un 2 0 1 3 D e c 2 0 1 3 J un 2 0 1 4 * D e c 2 0 1 4 J un 2 0 1 5 D e c 2 0 1 5 J un 2 0 1 6 C o n n e c t i o n s i n T h o u s a n d s -2 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 J un 2 0 1 2 to J un 2 0 1 3 J un 2 0 1 3 to J un 2 0 1 4 J un 2 0 1 4 to J un 2 0 1 5 J un 2 0 1 5 to J un 2 0 1 6 Figure 26 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2012-2016 (Net adds for selected technologies) aD S L C able M o dem FT T P - 762 - 191 - 525 - 1671 2461 895 3154 3812 840 885 1224 1290 23 Figure 27 Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2016 (Shares of selected technologies for selected speeds, connections in thousands) aD S L C able M o dem FT T P A ll Other Fixed 2 5 . 8 6 0 . 4 1 0 . 7 3 . 2 2 1 . 8 6 3 . 9 1 1 . 4 2 . 9 1 2 . 7 7 2 . 5 1 2 . 3 2 . 4 2 . 1 8 3 . 5 1 4 . 2 9 1 . 6 8 . 2 E s t i m a t e d P e r c e n t a g e o f H o u s e h o l d s 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 1 0 0 O ve r 2 0 0 kb p s in at le as t o ne d ire c tio n A t le as t 3 Mb p s d o wns tre am and at le as t 7 6 8 kb p s up s tre am A t le as t 1 0 Mb p s d o wns tre am and at le as t 1 Mb p s up s tre am A t le as t 2 5 Mb p s d o wns tre am and at le as t 3 Mb p s up s tre am A t le as t 1 0 0 Mb p s d o wns tre am and at le as t 1 0 Mb p s up s tre am Connect ions 94, 966 88, 170 74, 824 55, 718 15, 571 24 Figure 28 Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed Tier and Technology as of June 30, 2016 (In thousands) Downstream Speed Technology Less than 1.5 Mbps At least 1.5 Mbps and less than 3 Mbps At least 3 Mbps and less than 10 Mbps At least 10 Mbps and less than 25 Mbps At least 25 Mbps and less than 100 Mbps At least 100 Mbps Total aDS L 1,147 2,114 11, 446 11, 359 1,408 10 27, 484 sDS L 21 15 12 6 * * 56 Other W ireli ne 1 66 269 128 51 40 119 673 Cable Modem 86 661 2,611 9,153 32, 157 16, 785 61, 453 FTTP 36 45 585 1,825 7,134 1,504 11, 129 Sat ell it e 234 39 338 1,454 * * 2,079 Fixed W ireless 109 165 572 255 51 18 1,169 Total 1,699 3,309 15, 692 24, 101 40, 806 18, 435 104, 042 Percentages aDS L 1.1 2.0 11. 0 10. 9 1.4 0.0 26. 4 sDS L 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 * * 0.1 Other W ireli ne 1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 Cable Modem 0.1 0.6 2.5 8.8 30. 9 16. 1 59. 1 FTTP 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.8 6.9 1.4 10. 7 Sat ell it e 0.2 0.0 0.3 1.4 * * 2.0 Fixed W ireless 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.1 Total 1.6 3.2 15. 1 23. 2 39. 2 17. 7 100. 0 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. 25 Figure 29 Residential Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed Tier and Technology as of June 30, 2016 (In thousands) Downstream Speed Technology Less than 1.5 Mbps At least 1.5 Mbps and less than 3 Mbps At least 3 Mbps and less than 10 Mbps At least 10 Mbps and less than 25 Mbps At least 25 Mbps and less than 100 Mbps At least 100 Mbps Total aDS L 1,017 1,725 9,944 10, 465 1,328 5 24, 483 sDS L 8 1 1 1 * * 11 Other W ireli ne 1 # 1 2 6 13 28 51 Cable Modem 81 618 2,266 7,636 30, 399 16, 354 57, 354 FTTP 19 30 515 1,624 6,670 1,273 10, 131 Sat ell it e 88 16 333 1,446 * * 1,897 Fixed W ireless 99 151 511 223 42 13 1,039 Total 1,312 2,542 13, 571 21, 401 38, 466 17, 674 94, 966 Percentages aDS L 1.1 1.8 10. 5 11. 0 1.4 0.0 25. 8 sDS L 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 * * 0.0 Other W ireli ne 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 Cable Modem 0.1 0.7 2.4 8.0 32. 0 17. 2 60. 4 FTTP 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.7 7.0 1.3 10. 7 Sat ell it e 0.1 0.0 0.4 1.5 * * 2.0 Fixed W ireless 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.1 Total 1.4 2.7 14. 3 22. 5 40. 5 18. 6 100. 0 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. 26 Figure 30 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2012-2016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun+ Dec Jun Dec Jun aDS L 860 865 852 851 794 792 790 775 762 s DS L 251 255 246 239 195 191 177 181 170 Ot her W ireli ne 1 258 262 246 245 270 245 239 250 241 Cable Modem 401 404 403 407 394 402 391 392 384 F T T P 642 666 692 744 878 906 929 990 1,010 S at ell it e 5 6 5 5 18 16 11 11 9 Fixed W ireless 713 765 771 825 870 916 943 977 996 Mobil e W ireles s 67 70 79 77 91 98 100 97 99 P ower Line and Other 1 * * 0 * - - - - - Total 1,673 1,722 1,714 1,773 1,813 1,865 1,874 1,911 1,919 1 For this Figure, the categories Power Line and All Other were combined with Other Wireline from June 2014 forward. + The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes). Multiple Form 477 filers within a holding company structure count as one provider. * = 1-3 providers. The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Some previously-published data may have been revised. Figure 31 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction Selected Technologies 2012-2016 aD S L C able M o dem FT T P M o bi le W ireless N u m b e r o f P r o v i d e r s 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 Jun 2012 D ec 2012 Jun 2013 D ec 2013 Jun 2014 D ec 2014 Jun 2015 D ec 2015 Jun 2016 27 SECTION 3 SUMMARY STATISTICS: THE STATES Table of Contents Figure 32 Residential Fixed Connections and Households by State as of June 30, 2016 .................................................................................................. 29 Figure 33 Connections by Type of End User by State as of June 30, 2016 ............................. 31 Figure 34 Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2016 ...................................... 32 Figure 35 Percentage of Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed by State as of June 30, 2016 ........................................................................................................... 34 Figure 36 Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2016 .................. 36 28 Figure 32 Residential Fixed Connections and Households by State as of June 30, 2016 (Connections and households, in thousands) At least 200 kbps in at least One Direction At least 10 Mbps Down and 1 Mbps Up At least 25 Mbps Down and 3 Mbps Up At least 100 Mbps Down and 10 Mbps Up State Households Connections Subscribership Ratio Connections Subscribership Ratio Connections Subscribership Ratio Connections Subscribership Ratio Alabam a 1, 848 1, 261 0. 68 905 0. 49 579 0. 31 50 0.03 Alask a 251 204 0. 81 141 0. 56 * * * * Americ an Sam oa 10 * * 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 Arizona 2, 412 1, 975 0. 82 1,390 0. 58 1,121 0. 46 329 0. 14 Ark ansas 1, 138 728 0. 64 479 0. 42 249 0. 22 75 0.07 Calif ornia 12, 718 10, 832 0. 85 8,987 0. 71 6,650 0. 52 2,433 0. 19 Colorado 2, 024 1, 795 0. 89 1,254 0. 62 1,156 0. 57 * * Connec t ic ut 1, 353 1, 174 0. 87 1,008 0. 75 811 0. 60 222 0. 16 Dela ware 344 318 0. 92 292 0. 85 269 0. 78 85 0.25 Dis trict of Colum bia 273 231 0. 84 204 0. 74 193 0. 71 * * Florida 7, 300 6, 525 0. 89 5,473 0. 75 4,093 0. 56 976 0. 13 Georgia 3, 574 2, 821 0. 79 2,144 0. 60 1,506 0. 42 243 0. 07 Guam 42 * * * * * * 0 0.00 Ha waii 451 398 0. 88 390 0. 86 * * * * Idaho 589 468 0. 79 234 0. 40 173 0. 29 13 0.02 Illinois 4, 786 3, 720 0. 78 2,982 0. 62 2,174 0. 45 402 0. 08 Indiana 2, 502 1, 867 0. 75 1,380 0. 55 924 0. 37 207 0. 08 Iowa 1, 236 919 0. 74 536 0. 43 295 0. 24 67 0.05 Kans as 1, 113 867 0. 78 630 0. 57 381 0. 34 153 0. 14 Kentuck y 1, 708 1, 261 0. 74 835 0. 49 438 0. 26 232 0. 14 Louis iana 1, 728 1, 201 0. 70 924 0. 53 593 0. 34 154 0. 09 Maine 553 489 0. 88 345 0. 62 138 0. 25 * * Maryland 2, 166 1, 840 0. 85 1,680 0. 78 1,545 0. 71 440 0. 20 Mass ac hus et ts 2, 550 2, 273 0. 89 2,069 0. 81 1,960 0. 77 654 0. 26 Mic higan 3, 841 2, 897 0. 75 2,350 0. 61 1,739 0. 45 190 0. 05 Minnes ota 2, 125 1, 694 0. 80 1,153 0. 54 987 0. 46 250 0. 12 Miss iss ippi 1, 097 633 0. 58 430 0. 39 232 0. 21 36 0.03 Miss ouri 2, 365 1, 745 0. 74 1,230 0. 52 785 0. 33 210 0. 09 Mont ana 409 319 0. 78 186 0. 45 169 0. 41 * * Nebras k a 737 567 0. 77 379 0. 52 255 0. 35 41 0.06 29 Figure 32 - Continued Residential Fixed Connections and Households by State as of June 30, 2016 (Connections and households, in thousands) At least 200 kbps in at least One Direction At least 10 Mbps Down and 1 Mbps Up At least 25 Mbps Down and 3 Mbps Up At least 100 Mbps Down and 10 Mbps Up State Households Connections Subscribership Ratio Connections Subscribership Ratio Connections Subscribership Ratio Connections Subscribership Ratio Nev ada 1, 017 851 0. 84 667 0. 66 504 0. 50 * * Ne w Ham ps hire 520 476 0. 91 393 0. 76 348 0. 67 133 0. 26 Ne w Jers ey 3, 189 2, 889 0. 91 2,681 0. 84 2,594 0. 81 660 0. 21 Ne w Mexico 764 544 0. 71 283 0. 37 251 0. 33 77 0.10 Ne w York 7, 262 6, 182 0. 85 5,589 0. 77 4,594 0. 63 1,023 0. 14 Nort h Carolina 3, 776 3, 067 0. 81 2,272 0. 60 1,708 0. 45 870 0. 23 Nort h Dak ot a 300 232 0. 77 188 0. 63 140 0. 47 22 0.07 Nort hern Mariana Is l 16 * * 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 Ohio 4, 585 3, 687 0. 80 2,744 0. 60 1,230 0. 27 50 0.01 Oklahom a 1, 455 995 0. 68 694 0. 48 408 0. 28 102 0. 07 Oregon 1, 533 1, 278 0. 83 965 0. 63 861 0. 56 * * Penns ylv ania 4, 959 3, 952 0. 80 3,098 0. 62 2,740 0. 55 857 0. 17 Puert o Ric o 1, 244 * * * * * * * * Rhode Is land 411 348 0. 85 333 0. 81 * * * * South Carolina 1, 815 1, 397 0. 77 1,093 0. 60 548 0. 30 28 0.02 South Dak ot a 331 249 0. 75 208 0. 63 154 0. 47 17 0.05 Tennes see 2, 505 1, 781 0. 71 1,428 0. 57 1,065 0. 43 195 0. 08 Texas 9, 149 7, 015 0. 77 5,522 0. 60 3,394 0. 37 1,500 0. 16 Utah 906 784 0. 87 527 0. 58 457 0. 50 181 0. 20 Verm ont 257 234 0. 91 157 0. 61 126 0. 49 49 0.19 Virgin Is lands 43 * * * * * * 0 0.00 Virginia 3, 063 2, 480 0. 81 2,106 0. 69 1,821 0. 59 463 0. 15 W ashington 2, 669 2, 329 0. 87 1,806 0. 68 1,645 0. 62 657 0. 25 W est Virginia 741 506 0. 68 337 0. 46 272 0. 37 * * W iscons in 2, 299 1, 809 0. 79 1,344 0. 58 738 0. 32 16 0.01 W yom ing 227 177 0. 78 116 0. 51 97 0.43 # 0.00 Tot al 118,281 94, 966 0. 80 74, 824 0. 63 55, 718 0. 47 15, 571 0. 13 # = Rounds to Zero; * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Sources: FCC Form 477 (Connections); 2011-2015 ACS 5-year estimates; Census 2010. 30 Figure 33 Connections by Type of End User by State as of June 30, 2016 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) Connections Percentages State Residential Business Residential Business Total Alabam a 4, 515 586 88. 5 11. 5 5, 101 Alask a 792 136 85. 4 14. 6 928 Am eric an Sam oa * * * * * Arizona 6, 205 960 86. 6 13. 4 7, 165 Ark ansas 2, 711 389 87. 5 12. 5 3, 100 Calif ornia 38, 975 7, 237 84. 3 15. 7 46, 212 Colorado 5, 519 888 86. 1 13. 9 6, 408 Connec t ic ut 3, 798 675 84. 9 15. 1 4, 473 Dela ware 980 152 86. 6 13. 4 1, 132 Dis trict of Colum bia 869 479 64. 5 35. 5 1, 348 Florida 18, 858 3, 377 84. 8 15. 2 22, 234 Georgia 9, 531 1, 550 86. 0 14. 0 11, 080 Guam 102 41 71. 2 28. 8 144 Ha waii 1, 546 202 88. 4 11. 6 1, 748 Idaho 1, 529 233 86. 8 13. 2 1, 762 Illinois 12, 880 2, 183 85. 5 14. 5 15, 063 Indiana 6, 201 866 87. 8 12. 2 7, 066 Iowa 2, 932 495 85. 6 14. 4 3, 427 Kans as 3, 500 460 88. 4 11. 6 3, 960 Kentuck y 5, 201 576 90. 0 10. 0 5, 777 Louis iana 4, 645 640 87. 9 12. 1 5, 285 Maine 1, 280 201 86. 4 13. 6 1, 480 Maryland 6, 053 1, 023 85. 5 14. 5 7, 076 Mass ac hus et ts 7, 019 1, 227 85. 1 14. 9 8, 246 Mic higan 8, 986 1, 677 84. 3 15. 7 10, 663 Minnes ota 5, 399 939 85. 2 14. 8 6, 338 Miss iss ippi 2, 800 300 90. 3 9. 7 3, 100 Miss ouri 5, 794 972 85. 6 14. 4 6, 765 Mont ana 968 130 88. 1 11. 9 1, 099 Nebras k a 1, 689 336 83. 4 16. 6 2, 026 Nev ada 2, 822 387 87. 9 12. 1 3, 209 Ne w Ham ps hire 1, 360 208 86. 7 13. 3 1, 568 Ne w Jers ey 9, 707 1, 786 84. 5 15. 5 11, 493 Ne w Mexico 1, 815 249 87. 9 12. 1 2, 064 Ne w York 20, 074 3, 496 85. 2 14. 8 23, 570 Nort h Carolina 9, 742 1, 538 86. 4 13. 6 11, 280 Nort h Dak ot a 741 125 85. 6 14. 4 866 Nort hern Mariana Is l * * * * * Ohio 11, 407 1, 772 86. 6 13. 4 13, 179 Ok lahom a 3, 650 565 86. 6 13. 4 4, 215 Oregon 4, 003 654 86. 0 14. 0 4, 657 Penns ylv ania 12, 460 1, 959 86. 4 13. 6 14, 419 Puert o Ric o 3, 260 265 92. 5 7. 5 3, 525 Rhode Is land 1, 033 173 85. 6 14. 4 1, 207 South Carolina 4, 462 623 87. 7 12. 3 5, 086 South Dak ot a 793 106 88. 2 11. 8 899 Tennes see 6, 116 982 86. 2 13. 8 7, 099 Texas 25, 512 4, 659 84. 6 15. 4 30, 171 Ut ah 2, 698 468 85. 2 14. 8 3, 166 Verm ont 626 124 83. 4 16. 6 751 Virgin Is lands 99 16 86. 2 13. 8 115 Virginia 7, 747 1, 448 84. 2 15. 8 9, 195 W ashington 7, 446 1, 224 85. 9 14. 1 8, 670 W est Virginia 1, 529 176 89. 7 10. 3 1, 705 W iscons in 5, 420 927 85. 4 14. 6 6, 347 W yom ing 590 80 88. 0 12. 0 671 Tot al 316,454 52, 962 85. 7 14. 3 369,416 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. 31 Figure 34 Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2016 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) State ADSL SDSL Other Wireline1 Cable Modem Fiber Satellite Fixed Wireless Mobile Wireless Total A labam a 526 3 * 738 38 * 5 3,715 5,101 Alask a 78 # 3 * 4 * 7 687 928 Am eric an Samoa 0 0 0 * * 0 * * * Arizona 602 # * 1,326 127 * 30 5,036 7,165 Ark ans as 345 # * 364 18 * 7 2,307 3,100 Cali f ornia 3,611 9 * 7,033 920 * 75 34, 320 46, 212 Colorado 553 1 * 1,119 177 * 60 4,442 6,408 Connec t ic ut * # 4 919 8 * * 3,182 4,473 Delawa re * # 4 207 * * * 786 1,132 Dis t ric t of Colum bia 39 1 7 * * * * 1,080 1,348 Florida 1,763 1 * 4,599 633 * 11 15, 085 22, 234 Georgia 1,108 1 * 1,755 140 * 2 7,972 11, 080 Guam * 0 * * * 0 0 104 144 Hawaii * 2 1 * 29 * 4 1,317 1,748 Idaho 195 # * 192 61 * 49 1,250 1,762 Ill inois 1,303 2 * 2,534 73 * 76 10, 997 15, 063 Indiana 714 1 * 1,051 157 * 42 5,035 7,066 Iowa 334 1 * 459 145 * 34 2,420 3,427 Kans as 261 # * 492 130 * 38 3,012 3,960 Kent uck y 480 # * 746 77 * 15 4,402 5,777 Louis iana 427 # * 752 64 * 5 3,967 5,285 Maine 133 2 * 379 8 * 4 942 1,480 Maryland 171 1 16 1,026 * * 4 5,071 7,076 Mas s ac hus ett s * 1 19 1,780 * * 2 5,751 8,246 Mic higan 897 4 * 2,070 21 * 46 7,507 10, 663 Minnes ot a 562 3 * 1,033 173 * 28 4,494 6,338 Mis s is sippi 328 # * 301 17 * 2 2,388 3,100 Mis s ouri 765 # * 856 151 * 36 4,867 6,765 Mont ana 112 1 * 187 22 * 23 740 1,099 Nebras k a 171 # * 372 46 * 23 1,402 2,026 32 Figure 34 - Continued Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2016 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) State ADSL SDSL Other Wireline1 Cable Modem Fiber Satellite Fixed Wireless Mobile Wireless Total Nevada 243 # 6 * 11 * 12 2,277 3,209 New Ham ps hire 84 # 4 412 24 * * 1,037 1,568 New Jers ey 222 1 26 2,009 * * # 8,301 11, 493 New Me xic o 270 # * 258 33 * 19 1,467 2,064 New York 543 3 36 4,681 * * 4 16, 757 23, 570 Nort h Caroli na 982 # * 2,144 137 * 4 7,936 11, 280 Nort h Dak ot a 55 # * 129 69 * 5 604 866 Nort hern Mariana Is l * 0 * * * 0 0 * * Ohio 1,175 1 * 2,562 153 * 41 9,180 13, 179 Oklahom a 388 # * 560 33 * 46 3,124 4,215 Oregon 305 1 * 865 165 * 21 3,259 4,657 Penns ylvania 740 1 25 2,637 * * 6 10, 085 14, 419 Puert o Ric o * * * * 5 * 2 2,839 3,525 Rhode Is land * # 2 * * * * 827 1,207 Sout h Caroli na 477 # * 915 77 * 3 3,566 5,086 Sout h Dak ot a 53 * # 158 50 * 10 623 899 Tennes s ee 579 # * 1,124 186 * 8 5,123 7,099 Texas 2,718 1 * 3,650 813 * 191 22, 522 30, 171 Utah 210 # * 435 141 * 58 2,312 3,166 Verm ont 122 * 3 134 20 * 1 464 751 Virgin Is lands * 0 * * * * * 90 115 Virginia 355 1 * 1,399 833 * 15 6,478 9,195 W ashingt on 518 1 * 1,702 208 * 25 6,142 8,670 W est Virginia * * 1 317 9 * 2 1,156 1,705 W iscons in 657 6 5 * 69 * 38 4,379 6,347 W yom ing 56 1 * 104 9 * 21 470 671 Total 27, 484 56 673 61, 453 11, 129 2,079 1,169 265, 374 369, 416 1 PowerLine and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. 33 Figure 35 Percentage of Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed by State as of June 30, 2016 Over 200 kbps Upstream and State % over 200 kbps Downstream % at least 3 Mbps Downstream % at least 10 Mbps Downstream % at least 25 Mbps Downstream % at least 100 Mbps Downstream A labam a 99. 2 92.6 73.8 45.9 5.6 Alask a 97. 2 84.7 67.5 35.5 14.0 Am eric an Samoa * * * * * Arizona 99. 6 95.7 82.2 55.1 20.3 Ark ans as 99. 2 91.7 69.0 37.0 15.2 Cali f ornia 99. 6 96.5 80.7 58.5 28.4 Colorado 99. 7 94.1 83.2 61.8 25.2 Connec t ic ut 99. 3 98.7 84.4 66.9 18.0 Delawa re 99. 8 97.9 90.7 81.7 25.5 Dis t ric t of Colum bia 99. 8 96.5 84.9 78.5 28.3 Florida 99. 5 96.2 86.1 61.3 14.6 Georgia 99. 0 94.6 76.5 52.2 8.6 Guam * * * * * Hawaii 100. 0 98.7 96.5 39.8 13.3 Idaho 99. 4 92.1 66.2 36.3 24.8 Illinois 99. 6 96.8 79.4 56.2 13.4 Indiana 99. 2 95.3 74.8 47.6 10.6 Iowa 99. 5 91.4 67.3 31.8 8.7 Kans as 99. 6 94.6 73.2 42.0 17.7 Kent uck y 98. 9 90.5 66.8 33.9 17.2 Louis iana 99. 1 93.5 76.4 48.4 14.3 Maine 98. 7 90.8 69.0 26.9 1.8 Maryland 99. 7 97.5 89.4 81.3 23.0 Mas s ac hus ett s 99. 8 97.6 89.7 83.2 27.4 Mic higan 99. 3 96.5 80.4 58.0 6.6 Minnes ot a 99. 6 94.1 78.2 57.0 14.4 Mis s is sippi 98. 7 91.0 68.3 37.3 14.6 Mis s ouri 99. 3 93.1 74.6 44.9 33.3 Mont ana 99. 4 87.8 63.8 52.1 1.8 Nebras k a 99. 6 94.1 71.3 44.0 8.3 34 Figure 35 - Continued Percentage of Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed by State as of June 30, 2016 Over 200 kbps Upstream and State % over 200 kbps Downstream % at least 3 Mbps Downstream % at least 10 Mbps Downstream % at least 25 Mbps Downstream % at least 100 Mbps Downstream Nevada 99. 8 97.3 84.8 59.0 13.0 New Ham ps hire 98. 9 95.0 81.0 68.7 25.6 New Jers ey 99. 7 97.9 92.0 87.4 21.8 New Me xic o 99. 6 90.6 68.8 44.2 15.5 New York 99. 6 96.9 88.5 72.1 15.9 Nort h Caroli na 99. 4 93.0 77.9 53.2 26.9 Nort h Dak ot a 99. 8 95.4 81.9 61.0 15.6 Nort hern Mariana Is l * * * * * Ohio 99. 7 93.3 74.7 32.3 1.8 Oklahom a 99. 5 95.4 69.5 40.5 14.8 Oregon 99. 7 94.8 82.1 65.4 20.2 Penns ylvania 99. 6 95.4 79.7 67.9 21.1 Puert o Ric o 99. 9 76.8 45.1 13.1 0.5 Rhode Is land 99. 6 98.4 93.7 81.7 14.4 Sout h Caroli na 99. 3 93.7 78.4 39.2 2.6 Sout h Dak ot a 99. 6 95.8 84.9 61.4 7.8 Tennes s ee 99. 2 95.2 80.2 57.9 11.1 Texas 99. 7 95.6 78.0 46.9 21.8 Utah 99. 8 95.6 79.0 56.3 22.1 Verm ont 98. 4 84.3 62.9 46.9 17.8 Virgin Is lands 99. 9 83.1 25.0 * * Virginia 99. 5 96.2 84.4 70.5 18.0 W ashingt on 99. 4 95.3 83.6 68.3 27.3 W est Virginia 98. 7 96.8 64.3 51.7 34.2 W iscons in 99. 4 92.4 76.8 40.3 1.4 W yom ing 99. 5 89.9 72.1 53.3 0.8 Total 99. 5 95.2 80.1 56.9 17.7 35 Figure 36 Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2016 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) State ADSL SDSL Other Wireline1 Cable Modem Fiber Satellite Fixed Wireless Mobile Wireless Total A labam a 26 11 * 23 36 * 20 6 87 Alask a 14 4 14 * 7 * 12 7 38 Am eric an Samoa 0 0 0 * * 0 * * * Arizona 27 6 * 17 35 * 38 7 101 Ark ans as 24 6 * 20 30 * 19 4 76 Cali f ornia 37 13 * 27 57 * 86 6 171 Colorado 35 7 * 18 50 * 56 10 128 Connec t ic ut * 8 19 10 21 * * 4 44 Delawa re * 4 17 6 * * * 4 32 Dis t ric t of Colum bia 10 6 20 * * * * 4 45 Florida 30 12 * 26 52 * 27 5 104 Georgia 32 9 * 36 69 * 16 4 118 Guam * 0 * * * 0 0 4 4 Hawaii * 5 10 * 9 * 5 5 25 Idaho 27 5 * 17 30 * 34 9 81 Illinois 54 11 * 22 84 * 71 8 177 Indiana 40 9 * 15 53 * 51 5 112 Iowa 111 25 * 45 126 * 80 36 227 Kans as 32 13 * 29 58 * 47 9 116 Kent uck y 24 8 * 30 43 * 29 6 100 Louis iana 16 5 * 23 28 * 12 5 68 Maine 17 8 * 9 18 * 10 5 43 Maryland 19 10 27 17 * * 18 5 75 Mas s ac hus ett s * 7 30 11 * * 16 4 67 Mic higan 35 12 * 24 50 * 39 6 115 Minnes ot a 51 13 * 24 73 * 46 5 129 Mis s is sippi 18 4 * 19 20 * 12 5 64 Mis s ouri 39 13 * 21 54 * 60 8 141 Mont ana 26 8 * 10 27 * 25 5 62 Nebras k a 34 5 * 23 44 * 37 8 89 36 Figure 36 - Continued Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2016 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) State ADSL SDSL Other Wireline1 Cable Modem Fiber Satellite Fixed Wireless Mobile Wireless Total Nevada 20 8 29 * 27 * 17 6 64 New Ham ps hire 15 8 20 6 22 * * 6 43 New Jers ey 21 8 35 13 * * 5 4 64 New Me xic o 26 7 * 12 24 * 24 9 68 New York 43 8 35 22 * * 25 5 106 Nort h Caroli na 26 9 * 27 46 * 14 6 90 Nort h Dak ot a 28 7 * 8 28 * 16 7 54 Nort hern Mariana Is l * 0 * * * 0 0 * * Ohio 41 9 * 31 67 * 45 4 134 Oklahom a 37 10 * 15 37 * 41 11 99 Oregon 44 12 * 18 48 * 40 6 102 Penns ylvania 34 9 39 30 * * 24 7 118 Puert o Ric o * * * * 6 * 5 5 17 Rhode Is land * 6 11 * * * * 4 27 Sout h Caroli na 21 4 * 18 25 * 8 6 54 Sout h Dak ot a 26 * 13 8 30 * 24 9 73 Tennes s ee 26 9 * 24 42 * 26 7 99 Texas 67 19 * 41 95 * 115 10 227 Utah 23 7 * 14 26 * 27 9 76 Verm ont 13 * 11 7 18 * 4 6 36 Virgin Is lands * 0 * * * * * 4 7 Virginia 31 11 * 20 52 * 30 6 105 W ashingt on 31 9 * 25 50 * 52 6 118 W est Virginia * * 17 16 17 * 10 6 54 W iscons in 49 9 27 * 60 * 47 7 130 W yom ing 19 6 * 8 17 * 21 8 53 Total 762 170 241 384 1,010 9 996 99 1,919 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. 37 SECTION 4 SUMMARY STATISTICS: COUNTIES AND CENSUS TRACTS Table of Contents Figure 37 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households as of June 30, 2016 .................... 39 Figure 38 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households by Technology as of June 30, 2016 .................................................................................................. 40 Figure 39 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households as of June 30, 2016 ............... 41 Figure 40 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households by Technology as of June 30, 2016 .................................................................................................. 42 Figure 41 Percentage of Developed Census Blocks with Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2016 .............................................................................. 43 Figure 42 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by State as of June 30, 2016 ................................................................ 44 Figure 43 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State as of June 30, 2016 ................................................................ 46 38 Figure 37 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households as of June 30, 2016 S o urc e s : F C C F o rm 4 7 7 ; 2 0 1 1 -2 0 1 5 A C S 5 -ye ar e s tim ate s ; and C e ns us 2 0 1 0 . No te : R atio s o ve r 1 we re s e t to 1 . S e e T e c hnic al No te s at the e nd o f the re p o rt. 0 0 . 0 5 0 . 1 0 0 . 1 5 0 . 2 0 0 . 2 5 0 . 3 0 0 . 3 5 0 . 4 0 0 . 4 5 0 . 5 0 0 . 5 5 0 . 6 0 0 . 6 5 0 . 7 0 0 . 7 5 0 . 8 0 0 . 8 5 0 . 9 0 0 . 9 5 M a x 0 % 2 % 4 % 6 % 8 % 1 0 % 1 2 % 1 4 % 1 6 % P e r c e n t a g e o f C o u n t i e s Nu m b er of Cou n t ies 3 , 2 3 4 Med ian 0 . 6 8 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households 5 1 2 4 3 18 35 59 119 177 231 315 417 453 412 315 225 200 116 127 39 Figure 38 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households by Technology as of June 30, 2016 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households Technology Zero Greater than 0 and no more than 5% Greater than 5 and no more than 10% Greater than 10 and no more than 20% Greater than 20 and no more than 30% Greater than 30 and no more than 40% Greater than 40 and no more than 50% Greater than 50 and no more than 60% Greater than 60 and no more than 80% Greater than 80 and no more than 100% 100% or more aDS L 0.8 5.0 5.7 24.9 30.5 19.3 8.5 3.4 1.5 0.3 0.2 sDSL 88.5 11.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Other W irel i ne 91.9 7.9 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cabl e Mode m 12.1 7.1 6.8 16.0 14.6 14.0 11.5 10.4 6.5 0.7 0.3 FTTP 29.0 45.4 7.4 7.4 3.9 2.7 1.6 1.3 1.4 0.0 0.0 Satel l i te 1.0 62.4 24.7 10.4 1.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fix ed W irel ess 30.4 49.8 10.6 6.6 1.7 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 2.9 9.2 16.9 49.4 18.2 2.4 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2011-2015 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010. 40 Figure 39 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households as of June 30, 2016 S o urc e s : F C C F o rm 4 7 7 ; 2 0 1 1 -2 0 1 5 A C S 5 -ye ar e s tim ate s ; and C e ns us 2 0 1 0 . No te : R atio s o ve r 2 we re s e t to 2 . S e e T e c hnic al No te s at the e nd o f the re p o rt. 0 0 . 1 0 0 . 2 0 0 . 3 0 0 . 4 0 0 . 5 0 0 . 6 0 0 . 7 0 0 . 8 0 0 . 9 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 1 0 1 . 2 0 1 . 3 0 1 . 4 0 1 . 5 0 1 . 6 0 1 . 7 0 1 . 8 0 1 . 9 0 M a x 0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 P e r c e n t a g e o f T r a c t s Nu m b er of Tract s 7 3 , 7 6 7 Med ian 0 . 8 0 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households 41 Figure 40 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households by Technology as of June 30, 2016 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households Technology Zero Greater than 0 and no more than 5% Greater than 5 and no more than 10% Greater than 10 and no more than 20% Greater than 20 and no more than 30% Greater than 30 and no more than 40% Greater than 40 and no more than 50% Greater than 50 and no more than 60% Greater than 60 and no more than 80% Greater than 80 and no more than 100% 100% or more aDS L 1.6 16.6 11.5 24.7 21.1 13.8 6.3 2.5 1.2 0.3 0.2 sDSL 98.3 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Other W irel i ne 99.0 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cabl e Mode m 5.0 3.0 1.9 4.6 8.3 14.0 17.8 17.9 20.9 5.1 1.5 FTTP 56.9 16.7 3.9 5.9 4.1 4.1 3.6 2.5 1.9 0.2 0.1 Satel l i te 26.1 63.4 5.6 3.6 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fix ed W irel ess 76.1 18.4 2.5 1.9 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.9 2.3 5.1 8.7 31.9 39.8 9.9 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2011-2015 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010. 42 Figure 41 Percentage of Developed Census Blocks with Residential Fixed Service by Technology as of June 30, 2016 (Internet Access Service over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Number of Providers Technology Zero One Two Three Four Five Six Seven or More aDS L 25.9 69.6 4.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 sDSL 99.3 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Other W irel i ne 1 98.4 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cabl e Mode m 34.1 62.0 3.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 FTTP 83.3 16.3 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Satel l i te 0.1 0.9 0.2 98.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fix ed W irel ess 59.4 24.9 10.8 3.9 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 aDS L and/or Cabl e Mode m and/ or FT TP 13.5 25.7 51.9 8.1 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 Any Tec hnol ogy 0.0 0.2 0.1 7.4 19.2 40.9 20.0 12.2 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. The number of providers in a census block does not necessarily reflect the number of choices available to a particular household, and does not purport to measure competition. Providers may list a census block on Form 477 if service can be provided to at least one location in the block. Developed census blocks are those with housing units based on the 2010 census. Sources: FCC Form 477 and Census 2010. 43 Figure 42 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by State as of June 30, 2016 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households State Counties Zero Greater than 0 and no more than 5% Greater than 5 and no more than 10% Greater than 10 and no more than 20% Greater than 20 and no more than 30% Greater than 30 and no more than 40% Greater than 40 and no more than 50% Greater than 50 and no more than 60% Greater than 60 and no more than 80% Greater than 80 and no more than 100% 100% or more A labam a 67 0 0 0 0 1 3 17 21 21 4 0 Alask a 29 0 0 0 0 2 1 4 2 10 8 2 Am eric an Samoa 5 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Arizona 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 9 3 0 Ark ans as 75 0 0 0 1 0 5 28 24 16 1 0 Cali f ornia 58 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 24 32 1 Colorado 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 25 20 13 Connec t ic ut 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 Delawa re 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 Dis t ric t of Colum bia 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Florida 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 14 33 9 Georgia 159 0 0 0 1 2 9 24 34 53 31 5 Guam 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Hawaii 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 Idaho 44 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 27 9 2 Illinois 102 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 20 65 11 0 Indiana 92 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 17 63 10 0 Iowa 99 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 82 5 1 Kans as 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 19 69 13 0 Kent uck y 120 0 0 0 0 1 2 10 30 68 9 0 Louis iana 64 0 0 0 0 1 4 15 13 29 2 0 Maine 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 3 Maryland 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 9 11 1 Mas s ac hus ett s 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 3 Mic higan 83 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 11 54 13 2 Minnes ot a 87 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 66 16 0 Mis s is sippi 82 0 0 0 2 4 17 33 14 11 1 0 Mis s ouri 115 0 0 0 0 1 5 14 26 60 8 1 Mont ana 56 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 34 17 1 Nebras k a 93 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 23 54 5 0 44 Figure 42 - Continued Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by State as of June 30, 2016 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households State Counties Zero Greater than 0 and no more than 5% Greater than 5 and no more than 10% Greater than 10 and no more than 20% Greater than 20 and no more than 30% Greater than 30 and no more than 40% Greater than 40 and no more than 50% Greater than 50 and no more than 60% Greater than 60 and no more than 80% Greater than 80 and no more than 100% 100% or more Nevada 17 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 5 5 3 0 New Ham ps hire 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 2 New Jers ey 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 18 1 New Me xic o 33 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 8 16 5 0 New York 62 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 25 3 Nort h Caroli na 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 15 55 23 5 Nort h Dak ot a 53 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 33 13 0 Nort hern Mariana Is l 4 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 Ohio 88 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 55 24 0 Oklahom a 77 0 0 0 0 1 5 14 23 32 2 0 Oregon 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 18 14 1 Penns ylvania 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 44 18 2 Puert o Ric o 78 0 0 0 0 2 14 29 28 5 0 0 Rhode Is land 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 Sout h Caroli na 46 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 10 18 6 2 Sout h Dak ot a 66 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 12 45 5 1 Tennes s ee 95 0 0 0 0 0 3 12 34 38 8 0 Texas 254 0 0 0 0 0 7 29 59 130 27 2 Utah 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 14 9 5 Verm ont 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 3 Virgin Is lands 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 Virginia 134 0 0 0 1 1 9 12 19 62 28 2 W ashingt on 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 16 19 1 W est Virginia 55 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 10 35 6 0 W iscons in 72 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 49 20 1 W yom ing 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 15 3 2 Total 3,234 5 0 1 6 21 94 296 546 1597 590 78 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2011-2015 ACS 5-year estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2010 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands). 45 Figure 43 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State as of June 30, 2016 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households State Tracts Zero Greater than 0 and no more than 5% Greater than 5 and no more than 10% Greater than 10 and no more than 20% Greater than 20 and no more than 30% Greater than 30 and no more than 40% Greater than 40 and no more than 50% Greater than 50 and no more than 60% Greater than 60 and no more than 80% Greater than 80 and no more than 100% 100% or more A labam a 1,179 4 0 1 2 32 96 183 209 378 218 56 Alask a 167 2 0 0 1 9 1 7 7 51 75 14 Am eric an Samoa 18 4 6 2 3 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 Arizona 1,526 13 9 8 14 13 35 61 118 406 614 235 Ark ans as 686 1 1 0 8 21 59 133 138 212 91 22 Cali f ornia 8,036 53 3 6 8 27 53 120 397 2,197 4,432 740 Colorado 1,249 14 0 0 1 1 7 17 45 323 631 210 Connec t ic ut 829 2 0 0 0 1 1 7 41 172 497 108 Delawa re 215 1 0 0 0 0 1 3 10 52 106 42 Dis t ric t of Colum bia 179 1 0 0 0 0 1 7 13 60 69 28 Florida 4,199 38 0 0 4 3 32 95 214 1,042 1,841 930 Georgia 1,964 10 1 1 6 14 77 137 246 605 668 199 Guam 56 4 1 1 5 2 2 5 7 5 7 17 Hawaii 326 14 0 0 4 4 4 7 9 69 155 60 Idaho 298 0 0 0 2 4 5 3 15 137 113 19 Ill inois 3,121 7 0 0 5 13 59 194 336 1,173 1,211 123 Indiana 1,508 5 2 0 2 5 27 95 235 668 402 67 Iowa 825 3 1 0 2 1 6 31 86 498 174 23 Kans as 770 10 0 0 0 5 5 36 106 329 221 58 Kent uck y 1,115 9 2 1 9 12 35 71 175 437 284 80 Louis iana 1,136 11 2 0 4 19 68 141 176 433 247 35 Maine 351 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 11 117 150 67 Maryland 1,394 8 0 0 0 2 29 51 80 323 762 139 Mas s ac hus ett s 1,471 12 1 0 0 2 2 11 40 328 887 188 Mic higan 2,767 29 0 0 17 49 140 215 256 866 1,076 119 Minnes ot a 1,335 4 0 0 3 4 7 36 59 583 572 67 Mis s is sippi 661 4 0 2 9 33 117 135 110 166 70 15 Mis s ouri 1,393 5 0 0 4 12 53 127 202 500 402 88 Mont ana 271 2 1 0 1 1 1 8 22 117 100 18 Nebras k a 532 4 0 0 0 0 4 26 59 247 151 41 46 Figure 43 - Continued Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State as of June 30, 2016 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households State Tracts Zero Greater than 0 and no more than 5% Greater than 5 and no more than 10% Greater than 10 and no more than 20% Greater than 20 and no more than 30% Greater than 30 and no more than 40% Greater than 40 and no more than 50% Greater than 50 and no more than 60% Greater than 60 and no more than 80% Greater than 80 and no more than 100% 100% or more Nevada 683 5 0 1 2 7 13 22 59 167 298 109 New Ham ps hire 294 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 47 189 53 New Jers ey 2,004 11 0 0 1 2 5 7 40 434 1,204 300 New Me xic o 499 1 5 2 6 13 13 42 75 190 128 24 New York 4,900 73 1 3 16 16 22 84 209 1,503 2,356 617 Nort h Caroli na 2,183 19 3 1 1 6 14 91 228 779 718 323 Nort h Dak ot a 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 16 120 48 14 Nort hern Mariana Is l 22 2 0 0 1 1 7 7 2 2 0 0 Ohio 2,946 6 0 0 4 17 54 162 268 1,067 1,086 282 Oklahom a 1,046 2 2 1 13 30 64 132 183 347 198 74 Oregon 827 2 0 0 0 3 4 17 30 277 430 64 Penns ylvania 3,217 22 0 0 4 6 19 67 236 1,374 1,299 190 Puert o Ric o 903 24 26 24 107 131 149 144 90 90 42 76 Rhode Is land 241 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 70 146 18 Sout h Caroli na 1,097 11 0 0 0 14 44 103 145 342 313 125 Sout h Dak ot a 222 0 0 1 0 1 7 20 30 120 37 6 Tennes s ee 1,497 22 1 1 6 26 85 147 221 552 356 80 Texas 5,253 40 0 0 20 80 201 524 715 1,639 1,523 511 Utah 588 4 2 2 1 0 1 2 14 156 336 70 Verm ont 184 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 43 92 45 Virgin Is lands 29 0 0 1 2 5 5 5 6 3 2 0 Virginia 1,895 24 0 0 4 20 52 98 178 468 838 213 W ashingt on 1,446 3 0 0 1 5 9 24 35 326 855 188 W est Virginia 484 0 1 1 4 11 19 43 84 202 91 28 W iscons in 1,393 3 1 0 2 3 5 42 113 639 507 78 W yom ing 132 1 0 0 0 1 1 5 10 62 45 7 Total 73, 767 553 72 60 309 691 1,725 3,759 6,417 23, 515 29, 363 7,303 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2011-2015 ACS 5-year estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2010 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands). 47 SECTION 5 CORRELATED RESULTS: DEMOGRAPHIC MEASURES Table of Contents Figure 44 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Income Deciles as of June 30, 2016 ........... 49 Figure 45 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Density Deciles as of June 30, 2016 ........... 50 Figure 46 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share of Population with a College Degree (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2016............................................................................... 51 Figure 47 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Average Age of County Population (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2016............................................................................... 52 Figure 48 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share of White Alone (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2016 ........................................................................................................... 53 Figure 49 Subscribership Ratios by Technology and Tract Household Density as of June 30, 2016 ........................................................................................................... 54 Figure 50 Average Subscribership Ratios by Income and Household Density as of June 30, 2016 ........................................................................................................... 55 48 Max Q 1 Q 3 Median Min Figure 44 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Income Deciles as of June 30, 2016 S o urc e s : F C C F o rm 4 7 7 ; 2 0 1 1 -2 0 1 5 A C S 5 -ye ar E s tim ate s ; C e ns us 2 0 1 0 . o b s e rvatio n b e lo w Q 3 +1 .5 (Q 3 -Q 1 ); and is any d ata p o int b e yo nd Q 1 -1 .5 (Q 3 -Q 1 ) o r Q3 +1 .5 (Q 3 -Q 1 ). Ratio s g re ate r than 1 we re s e t to 1 . b ut no te als o that + d e no te s the p o s itio n o f the ave rag e re s id e ntial s ub s c rib e rs hip ratio take n ac ro s s all c o untie s in the d e c ile ; is the minim um o b s e rvatio n ab o ve Q 1 -1 .5 (Q 3 -Q 1 ); T is the maxim um No te : E ac h b o x p lo t s ho ws the d is trib utio n o f re s id e ntial s ub s c rib e rs hip to c o nne c tio ns o ve r 2 0 0 kb p s in at le as t o ne d ire c tio n f o r c o untie s in the inc o m e d e c ile . S o m e o f the f e ature s are lab e le d , 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 0 0 . 1 0 . 2 0 . 3 0 . 4 0 . 5 0 . 6 0 . 7 0 . 8 0 . 9 1 . 0 S u b s c r i b e r s h i p R a t i o Lower Income Median Household Income by Decile Higher Income S u b s c ri b e rs h i p Rati o A ve ra g e 0 . 4 9 M e d i a n 0 . 4 9 0 . 5 7 0 . 5 8 0 . 6 1 0 . 6 2 0 . 6 5 0 . 6 4 0 . 6 8 0 . 6 8 0 . 6 9 0 . 6 9 0 . 7 1 0 . 7 2 0 . 7 3 0 . 7 4 0 . 7 7 0 . 7 7 0 . 8 5 0 . 8 7 49 Max Q 1 Q 3 Median Min Figure 45 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Density Deciles as of June 30, 2016 S o urc e s : F C C F o rm 4 7 7 ; 2 0 1 1 -2 0 1 5 A C S 5 -ye ar E s tim ate s ; C e ns us 2 0 1 0 . o b s e rvatio n b e lo w Q 3 +1 .5 (Q 3 -Q 1 ); and is any d ata p o int b e yo nd Q 1 -1 .5 (Q 3 -Q 1 ) o r Q3 +1 .5 (Q 3 -Q 1 ). Ratio s g re ate r than 1 we re s e t to 1 . b ut no te als o that + d e no te s the p o s itio n o f the ave rag e re s id e ntial s ub s c rib e rs hip ratio take n ac ro s s all c o untie s in the d e c ile ; is the minim um o b s e rvatio n ab o ve Q 1 -1 .5 (Q 3 -Q 1 ); T is the maxim um No te : E ac h b o x p lo t s ho ws the d is trib utio n o f re s id e ntial s ub s c rib e rs hip to c o nne c tio ns o ve r 2 0 0 kb p s in at le as t o ne d ire c tio n f o r c o untie s in the d e ns ity d e c ile . S o m e o f the f e ature s are lab e le d , 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 0 0 . 1 0 . 2 0 . 3 0 . 4 0 . 5 0 . 6 0 . 7 0 . 8 0 . 9 1 . 0 S u b s c r i b e r s h i p R a t i o Lower Density County Household Density by Decile Higher Density S u b s c ri b e rs h i p Rati o A ve ra g e 0 . 6 7 M e d i a n 0 . 6 7 0 . 6 5 0 . 6 6 0 . 6 0 0 . 6 1 0 . 5 9 0 . 6 0 0 . 6 2 0 . 6 2 0 . 6 4 0 . 6 3 0 . 6 8 0 . 6 7 0 . 7 3 0 . 7 3 0 . 7 8 0 . 7 9 0 . 7 7 0 . 8 3 50 Max Q 1 Q 3 Median Min Figure 46 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share of Population with a College Degree (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2016 S o urc e s : F C C F o rm 4 7 7 ; 2 0 1 1 -2 0 1 5 A C S 5 -ye ar E s tim ate s ; C e ns us 2 0 1 0 . o b s e rvatio n b e lo w Q 3 +1 .5 (Q 3 -Q 1 ); and is a d ata p o int b e yo nd Q 1 -1 .5 (Q 3 -Q 1 ) o r Q3 +1 .5 (Q 3 -Q 1 ). Ratio s g re ate r than 1 we re s e t to 1 . b ut no te als o that + d e no te s the p o s itio n o f the ave rag e re s id e ntial s ub s c rib e rs hip ratio take n ac ro s s all c o untie s in the d e c ile ; is the minim um o b s e rvatio n ab o ve Q 1 -1 .5 (Q 3 -Q 1 ); T is the maxim um No te : E ac h b o x p lo t s ho ws the d is trib utio n o f re s id e ntial s ub s c rib e rs hip to c o nne c tio ns o ve r 2 0 0 kb p s in at le as t o ne d ire c tio n f o r c o untie s in the s hare d e c ile . S o m e o f the f e ature s are lab e le d , 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 0 0 . 1 0 . 2 0 . 3 0 . 4 0 . 5 0 . 6 0 . 7 0 . 8 0 . 9 1 . 0 S u b s c r i b e r s h i p R a t i o Lower Share County Share of College Graduates by Decile Higher Share S u b s c ri b e rs h i p Rati o A ve ra g e 0 . 5 2 M e d i a n 0 . 5 3 0 . 5 7 0 . 5 8 0 . 6 0 0 . 6 1 0 . 6 4 0 . 6 5 0 . 6 5 0 . 6 5 0 . 6 8 0 . 6 9 0 . 7 1 0 . 7 2 0 . 7 4 0 . 7 4 0 . 7 9 0 . 8 0 0 . 8 6 0 . 8 8 51 Max Q 1 Q 3 Median Min Figure 47 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Average Age of County Population (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2016 S o urc e s : F C C F o rm 4 7 7 ; 2 0 1 1 -2 0 1 5 A C S 5 -ye ar E s tim ate s ; C e ns us 2 0 1 0 . o b s e rvatio n b e lo w Q 3 +1 .5 (Q 3 -Q 1 ); and is a d ata p o int b e yo nd Q 1 -1 .5 (Q 3 -Q 1 ) o r Q3 +1 .5 (Q 3 -Q 1 ). Ratio s g re ate r than 1 we re s e t to 1 . b ut no te als o that + d e no te s the p o s itio n o f the ave rag e re s id e ntial s ub s c rib e rs hip ratio take n ac ro s s all c o untie s in the d e c ile ; is the minim um o b s e rvatio n ab o ve Q 1 -1 .5 (Q 3 -Q 1 ); T is the maxim um No te : E ac h b o x p lo t s ho ws the d is trib utio n o f re s id e ntial s ub s c rib e rs hip to c o nne c tio ns o ve r 2 0 0 kb p s in at le as t o ne d ire c tio n f o r c o untie s in the ave rag e ag e d e c ile . S o m e o f the f e ature s are lab e le d , 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 0 0 . 1 0 . 2 0 . 3 0 . 4 0 . 5 0 . 6 0 . 7 0 . 8 0 . 9 1 . 0 S u b s c r i b e r s h i p R a t i o Lower Average Age County Average Age by Decile Higher Average Age S u b s c ri b e rs h i p Rati o A ve ra g e 0 . 7 2 M e d i a n 0 . 7 5 0 . 7 1 0 . 7 3 0 . 6 7 0 . 6 8 0 . 6 6 0 . 6 6 0 . 6 5 0 . 6 4 0 . 6 5 0 . 6 5 0 . 6 5 0 . 6 4 0 . 6 5 0 . 6 5 0 . 6 7 0 . 6 7 0 . 7 2 0 . 7 1 52 Max Q 1 Q 3 Median Min Figure 48 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share White Alone (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2016 S o urc e s : F C C F o rm 4 7 7 ; 2 0 1 1 -2 0 1 5 A C S 5 -ye ar E s tim ate s ; C e ns us 2 0 1 0 . is a d ata p o int b e yo nd Q 1 -1 .5 (Q 3 -Q 1 ) o r Q3 +1 .5 (Q 3 -Q 1 ). Ratio s g re ate r than 1 we re s e t to 1 . re s id e ntial s ub s c rib e rs hip ratio take n ac ro s s all c o untie s in the d e c ile ; is the minim um o b s e rvatio n ab o ve Q 1 -1 .5 (Q 3 -Q 1 ); T is the maxim um o b s e rvatio n b e lo w Q 3 +1 .5 (Q 3 -Q 1 ); and d e c ile s b as e d o n the s hare o f the c o unty p o p ulatio n that re p o rte d the ir rac e as white alo ne . S o m e o f the f e ature s are lab e le d , b ut no te als o that + d e no te s the p o s itio n o f the ave rag e No te : E ac h b o x p lo t s ho ws the d is trib utio n o f re s id e ntial s ub s c rib e rs hip to c o nne c tio ns o ve r 2 0 0 kb p s in at le as t o ne d ire c tio n f o r c o untie s in e ac h rac e d e c ile . Co untie s we re g ro up e d into 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 0 0 . 1 0 . 2 0 . 3 0 . 4 0 . 5 0 . 6 0 . 7 0 . 8 0 . 9 1 . 0 S u b s c r i b e r s h i p R a t i o Lower Share County Share White Alone by Decile Higher Share S u b s c ri b e rs h i p Rati o A ve ra g e 0 . 5 6 M e d i a n 0 . 5 4 0 . 6 4 0 . 6 2 0 . 6 9 0 . 7 0 0 . 7 1 0 . 7 1 0 . 7 2 0 . 7 1 0 . 7 2 0 . 7 0 0 . 7 1 0 . 7 0 0 . 6 9 0 . 6 9 0 . 6 8 0 . 6 6 0 . 6 5 0 . 6 4 53 Low est Densit y Highest Densit y Figure 49 Subscribership Ratios by Technology and Tract Household Density as of June 30, 2016 (Residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) S o urc e s : F C C F o rm 4 7 7 ; 2 0 1 1 -2 0 1 5 A C S 5 -ye ar e s tim ate s ; and C e ns us 2 0 1 0 . c o nne c tio ns to ho us e ho ld s ac ro s s trac ts in the p e rc e ntile . e s tim ate d trac t ho us e ho ld s to trac t land are a f ro m the C e ns us B ure au. F o r e ac h p e rc e ntile , the he ig ht o f the b ar re p re s e nts the ho us e ho ld -we ig hte d ave rag e ratio o f re s id e ntial f ixe d T his c hart s ho ws s ub s c rib e rs hip ratio s b y te c hno lo g y and ho us e ho ld d e ns ity. T rac ts we re g ro up e d into 1 0 0 d e ns ity p e rc e ntile s b as e d o n ho us e ho ld s p e r s q uare mile , c alc ulate d as the ratio o f aD S L C able M o dem FT T P S atelli te Fi xed W ireless P e r c e n t a g e o f R e s i d e n t i a l F i x e d H i g h - S p e e d C o n n e c t i o n s 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 54 Richest Poor est Low est Densit y Highest Densit y 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Figure 50 Average Subscribership Ratios by Income and Household Density as of June 30, 2016 (Residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction by Tract) S o urc e s : F C C F o rm 4 7 7 ; 2 0 1 1 -2 0 1 5 A C S 5 -ye ar e s tim ate s ; and C e ns us 2 0 1 0 . re s id e ntial f ixe d c o nne c tio ns to ho us e ho ld s ac ro s s trac ts in the d e c ile . e s tim ate d trac t ho us e ho ld s to trac t land are a, and me d ian ho us e ho ld inc o m e . F o r e ac h q uantile , the he ig ht o f the g rid re p re s e nts the ho us e ho ld -we ig hte d ave rag e ratio o f T his c hart s ho ws s ub s c rib e rs hip ratio s b y ho us e ho ld d e ns ity and inc o m e q uantile s . T rac ts we re g ro up e d into 4 0 0 d e ns ity/inc o m e q uantile s b as e d o n ho us e ho ld s p e r s q uare mile , c alc ulate d as the ratio o f 55 Technical Notes General The information presented in this report is based on data from FCC Form 477. Through Form 477, facilities-based broadband providers submit information to the FCC about where they offer and have subscribers to Internet access services over 200 kilobits per second (kbps) in at least one direction. In June 2013, the Commission adopted several changes to Form 477.1 Detailed information about those changes and about the Form 477 reporting requirements in general is available at www.fcc.gov/form477. Due to technical difficulties in 2014 with the redesigned Form 477 filing interface, the filing deadline for Form 477 data as of June 30, 2014 was moved to December 11, 2014. Because of that delay, the Commission staff were not able to perform their typical process of identifying anomalies or errors in the data, following up with filers, and requesting updates to the data where appropriate – a process which usually generates a significant number of corrections and hence a more accurate Form 477 data set. Form 477 collects information about Internet access connections in service to end-user locations that are advertised to deliver information to and/or from the end user – that is, in at least one direction – at transfer rates (speeds) above 200 kilobits per second (kbps). Information is collected about the number of connections by the advertised speeds associated with each product subscribed to in the relevant geographic area, census tracts for fixed and states for mobile. Fixed providers report connections by the maximum advertised upload and download speeds, while mobile providers report connections by minimum advertised upload and download speeds. Fixed connections are further categorized by the technology employed by the part of the connection that terminates at the end-user location. Wherever a number of providers is cited in this report, multiple Form 477 filers within a holding company structure count as one provider. “(nd users” are residential, business, institutional, or Jovernment entities who use services for their own purposes and who do not resell such services to other entities. Facilities-based providers report information about connections they provide directly to their own end-user customers and also connections that they provide to Internet Service Providers for resale to end users. For Form 477 purposes, the facilities-based provider of a connection is the entity that owns the portion of the physical facility that terminates at the end-user location, obtains an unbundled network element (UNE), special access line, or other leased facility that terminates at the end-user location and provisions/equips it as a connection that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction, or provisions/equips a wireless channel that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction to the end-user location over licensed spectrum or over spectrum that the provider uses on an unlicensed basis. The mutually exclusive Form 477 technology categories are: asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (aDSL in this report), symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (sDSL), other copper wireline, cable modem, optical carrier / fiber to the end user, satellite, terrestrial fixed wireless (using licensed or unlicensed spectrum), mobile wireless, and all other (which is included to capture deployment of additional technologies over time). In the Form 477 data collection, aDSL-based services delivered over fiber-to-the-node architecture are reported in the aDSL category. The other wireline category comprises T1/DS1, T3/DS3, and other 1 Modernizing the FCC Form 477 Data Program , WC Docket No. 11-10, Report and Order, 28 FCC Rcd 9887 (2013). See also High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31, 2014 (March 2016) at 1-2, available at https://www.fcc.gov/reports-research/reports/internet-access-services-reports/internet-access-services- reports. 56 copper-based connections, not elsewhere categorized, that deliver Internet access service at the end-user location. Ethernet connections delivering Internet access service are reported in the other wireline category if the connection terminates over copper and in the FTTP category if the connection terminates over fiber. Connections deployed over hybrid fiber-coax (HFC) architecture are reported in the cable modem category. Wireless ISPs (WISPs) report in the fixed wireless category if providing service to dispersed, fixed end-user locations and report in the mobile wireless category if providing a commercial service that can be received at any location within a service footprint. Wireless local area networks (such as Wi-Fi hotspots) that only enable local distribution and sharing of a premises connection are not included, although the shared premises connection is included. Numbers of connections presented in this report are not adjusted for the number of persons at a single end-user location who have access to, or who use, the Internet access services delivered over the connection to that location. Numbers of residential connections are estimated based on the total connections and percentage- residential connections information reported on Form 477. Census tracts Since the collection of data as of December 31, 2008, facilities-based providers of reportable fixed- location Internet access connections have been reporting connection counts at the census tract level of detail. Facilities-based mobile wireless providers report connection counts by state rather than census tract. The census tract-level data summarized in this report were collected for tracts in the 2010 decennial census. For the purposes of this report, there are 73,767 census tracts because we exclude census tracts delineated specifically to cover large bodies of water. About 110 of the census tracts have population but no households because the population resides in group living quarters. For the purpose of estimating residential subscribership rates by census tract, we assume these census tracts have no reportable residential Internet access service because persons residing in group quarters would have Internet access over a business connection provided to the operator of the group quarters. Therefore, these census tracts are included in the “]ero” column. Ratios of residential fixed-location connections to households that exceed 100% We estimate the share of households with fixed-location connections in individual census tracts by taking the ratio of the reported number of fixed-location residential service connections to the estimated number of households. :e continue to find “outlier” estimates at or above 1 and to find that the number of outliers is substantially reduced when estimates are made for individual counties rather than for individual census tracts. Possible explanations of ratios at or above 100% include (1) geocoding misallocations of service locations to census tracts; (2) proper allocation of connections to the county level by some filers, but improper allocation of all connections to a single tract in the county; (3) possible overestimation of residential connections in service plans for which the customer base is primarily residential; and (4) connections at seasonally or occasionally occupied housing units, such as vacation homes, while the household is counted elsewhere. The numbers of households in census tracts that were used to generate the estimated ratios are themselves estimates (from Census 2011-2015 ACS 5-year estimates), which could have an 57 independent effect. Maps showing residential subscribership rates by census tract The two maps based on estimated Internet access connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction per 1,000 households (that is, estimated household subscribership rates) exclude all connections identified as business connections and necessarily exclude residential mobile wireless connections (which are reported for the state but not for individual census tracts). 58 Glossary Term Definition aDSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line: A digital local loop typically using copper facilities and providing greater bandwidth in one direction than the other. Cable modem service A service which offers customers access to the Internet over a cable system. Downstream speed Speed of transmission from the Internet to the end user. End users Residential, business, institutional, or government entities who use services for their own purposes and who do not resell such services to other entities. Facilities-based provider Entity that owns the portion of the physical facility that terminates at the end-user location, obtains an unbundled network element (UNE), special access line, or other leased facility that terminates at the end-user location and provisions/equips it as a connection that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction, or provisions/equips a wireless channel that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction to the end-user location over licensed spectrum or over spectrum that the provider uses on an unlicensed basis. Fixed wireless A radio communication service between specified fixed points. Fixed technologies All technologies other than terrestrial mobile wireless. FTTH or FTTP Fiber to the Home (Premises): A network access architecture in which optical fiber is deployed all the way to the customer’s home (premises). Internet access service Service that provides end users access to the Internet. ISPs Internet Service Providers: Companies or organizations that provide Internet access service (see above). Mobile wireless service A radio communication service between mobile and fixed stations, or between mobile stations. Mobile wireless provider Provider of mobile wireless service (see above). Other wireline All copper-wire based technologies other than DSL technologies; Ethernet over copper and T-1 are examples. Power line Internet access service delivered over electric power transmission lines. Satellite communications A telecommunications service provided via one or more satellite relays and their associated uplinks and downlinks. sDSL Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line: DSL technology that provides equal bandwidth for both uploads and downloads. Speed tiers Sub-groupings defined by ranges of upstream speeds and downstream speeds. Upstream speed Speed of transmission from the end user to the Internet. Wi-Fi hotspot Wireless Fidelity: Generic term referring to any type of IEEE 802.11 wireless network. A hotspot is a small geographic area in which users 59 can gain access to a Wi-Fi network which in turn connects to the Internet. Wireless service Telephone, Internet, data, and other services provided to customers through the transmission of signals over networks of radio towers. Wireless service provider Provider of wireless service (see above). WISP Wireless ISP: A company that provides end users with wireless access to the Internet, most commonly by using radio spectrum designated for unlicensed use. 60 Customer Response Publication: Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2016 You can help us provide the best possible information to the public by completing this form and returning it to the Industry Analysis and Technology Division of the FCC's Wireline Competition Bureau. 1. 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