Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2017 Industry Analysis and Technology Division Wireline Competition Bureau November 2018 This report is available for reference in the FCC s Reference Information Center, Courtyard Level, 445 12th Street, SW, Washington, DC. Copies may be purchased by contacting Best Copy and Printing, Inc., 445 12th Street, SW, Room CY-B402, Washington, DC 20554, telephone (800) 378-3160, or via their website at www.bcpiweb.com. The report can also be downloaded from the Internet Access Services Reports webpage at https://www.fcc.gov/general/iatd-data-statistical-reports. TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1: OVERVIEW & HIGHLIGHTS .....................................................................1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................1 Total Connections ....................................................................................................................2 Figure 1 Fixed and Mobile Connections by Speed 2014-2017 .....................................2 Connections by Speed ..............................................................................................................3 Figure 2(a) Distribution of Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed.............................3 Figure 2(b) Distribution of Fixed Connections by Upstream Speed .................................4 Figure 3 Fixed Connections by Speed 2014-2017 ........................................................5 Number of Providers by Census Block ..................................................................................6 Figure 4 Percentages of Developed Census Blocks in which Providers Report Deployment of Residential Fixed Broadband .....................................6 Internet Access Subscribership ..............................................................................................7 Figure 5 Fixed Connections 2002-2017 ........................................................................7 Other Report Highlights..........................................................................................................8 SECTION 2: SUMMARY STATISTICS - THE NATION ..............................................10 SECTION 3: SUMMARY STATISTICS - THE STATES ...............................................28 SECTION 4: SUMMARY STATISTICS - COUNTIES AND CENSUS TRACTS .......38 SECTION 5: CORRELATION RESULTS - DEMOGRAPHIC MEASURES ..............48 Technical Notes ......................................................................................................................56 Glossary ..................................................................................................................................59 SECTION 1: OVERVIEW & HIGHLIGHTS Introduction This report summarizes information about Internet access connections in the United States as of June 30, 2017 as collected by FCC Form 477. For purposes of this report, Internet access connections are those in service, over 200 kilobits per second (kbps) in at least one direction, and reported to the FCC through Form 477.1 The report includes data on total and residential Internet access connections by downstream and upstream speed, by technology, by geography, and over time. Section 2 of the report presents nationwide statistics, Section 3 provides state-level data, and Section 4 includes data on the subscribership differences among counties and census tracts.2 In addition, Section 5 of the report includes an analysis of the correlations between subscribership ratios and various demographic measures.3 Maps depicting the number of fixed connections per 1,000 households by census tract are available online at https://www.fcc.gov/reports- research/reports/internet-access-services-reports/internet-access-services-reports. 1 See the Technical Notes and Glossary at the end of this report for more-detailed information about the Form 477 data collection and the meaning of terms used in this report. Note that the Form 477 data for the June 30, 2014 filing period were not subject to typical quality checks. See Internet Access Services: Status as of December 31, 2014 (March 2016) at 2, available at https://apps.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DOC-338630A1.pdf. In addition, the figures on mobile broadband subscribership by speed tier (formerly Figures 4(a), 4(b), and 12) have been removed to maintain firm confidentiality. 2 The Commission began collecting census tract-level data for data as of December 31, 2008. See High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31, 2008 (February 2010) at 1-4, available at http://www.fcc.gov/encyclopedia/high-speed-services-internet-access-reports (December 2008 High-Speed Report). 3 Publicly-available data that are too voluminous to include in this report are available online at https://www.fcc.gov/general/fcc-form-477-additional-data. 1 Total Connections " As shown in Figure 1, total Internet connections increased by about 3% between June 2016 and June 2017 to 397 million. Mobile Internet connections increased 3% year-over-year to 291 million in June 2017, while fixed connections grew to 106 million  up about 2% from June 2016. " Mobile Internet connections have been revised upward since our last report. For example, 288 million connections are reported here as of year-end 2016, up from 270 million (6.6%) in our last report. The revision is largely due to better reporting of subscriptions sold though mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs). We estimate the number of mobile Internet connections remains underreported by as much as 5% through June 2017. Figure 1 Fixed and Mobile Connections 2014-2017 400 393.3 396.8 385.0 105.7 106.2 375.9 104.1 102.2 357.6 100.2 338.2 324.5 98.2 96.0 300 287.6 290.6 281.0 273.7 257.4 240.0 228.5 200 Connections Millions in 100 0 Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun 2014* 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 Fixed Mobile * The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes). The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Some previously-published data may have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals elsewhere in this report due to rounding. Connections include both residential and business connections. 2 Connections by Speed Fixed connections  downstream speeds. Figure 2(a) illustrates how the 106 million fixed connections reported for June 2017 were distributed across the five groups of downstream speeds defined by breakpoints at 3 Mbps, 10 Mbps, 25 Mbps, and 100 Mbps. Figure 2(a) Distribution of Fixed Connections (106.2 million) by Downstream Speed as of June 30, 2017 3.2% 27.6% 12.5% 19.4% 37.2% Downstream Speed Less than 3 Mbps (3.4 million) At least 3 Mbps & less than 10 Mbps (13.3 million) At least 10 Mbps & less than 25 Mbps (20.6 million) At least 25 Mbps & less than 100 Mbps (39.5 million) At least 100 Mbps (29.4 million) " In June 2017, 3% of fixed connections (or 3 million connections) were slower than 3 Mbps downstream, 13% (or 13 million connections) were at least 3 Mbps downstream but slower than 10 Mbps, 19% (or 21 million connections) were at least 10 Mbps downstream but slower than 25 Mbps, 37% (or 40 million connections) were at least 25 Mbps downstream but slower than 100 Mbps, and 28% (or 29 million connections) were at least 100 Mbps.4 4 See Figure 9. 3 Fixed connections  upstream speeds. Figure 2(b) illustrates how the 106 million fixed connections reported for June 2017 were distributed across the four groups of upstream speeds defined by breakpoints at 1 Mbps, 3 Mbps, and 6 Mbps. Figure 2(b) Distribution of Fixed Connections (106.2 million) by Upstream Speed as of June 30, 2017 11.7% 37.4% 19.5% 31.5% Upstream Speed Less than 1 Mbps (12.4 million) At least 1 Mbps & less than 3 Mbps (20.7 million) At least 3 Mbps & less than 6 Mbps (33.4 million) At least 6 Mbps (39.7 million) " In June 2017, 12% of fixed connections (or 12 million connections) were slower than 1 Mbps upstream, 20% (or 21 million connections) were at least 1 Mbps upstream but slower than 3 Mbps, 32% (or 33 million connections) were at least 3 Mbps upstream but slower than 6 Mbps, and 37% (or 40 million connections) were at least 6 Mbps upstream.5 Fixed connections by downstream speed over time. Figure 3 illustrates how the composition of total fixed Internet connections by different speed groups has changed from 2014 to 2017. 5 Ibid. 4 Figure 3 Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed 2014-2017 100.2 102.2 104.1 105.7 106.2 100 98.2 96.0 12.4 15.5 18.4 24.5 29.4 9.5 4.8 31.9 34.0 37.5 39.2 40.8 38.9 75 39.5 29.9 27.5 50 25.8 25.1 24.1 23.4 Connections Millions in 20.6 20.2 25 19.3 18.0 16.6 15.7 15.0 13.3 9.2 7.9 6.6 5.8 5.0 3.9 3.4 0 Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun 2014* 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 At least 100 Mbps At least 25 Mbps and less than 100 Mbps At least 10 Mbps and less than 25 Mbps At least 3 Mbps and less than 10 Mbps Less than 3 Mbps * The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes). The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Some previously-published data may have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals elsewhere in this report due to rounding. Connections include both residential and business connections. " The percentage of fixed connections with a downstream speed of at least 25 Mbps has grown from 38% (or 37 million connections) in June 2014 to 65% (or 69 million connections) in June 2017. Over the same period, the percentage of fixed connections with slower downstream speeds of less than 3 Mbps has decreased from 9% (or 9 million connections) in June 2014 to 3% (or 3 million connections) in June 2017. 5 Number of Providers by Census Block In Figure 4, we show the percentage of  developed census blocks  blocks that contain housing units  with zero, one, two, or three or more fixed broadband providers offering residential Internet access service at different speeds in June 2017. This information is taken from the block-level Form 477 fixed broadband deployment data that the Commission began collecting in 2014.6 A provider that reports offering service in a particular census block may not offer service, or service at that speed, to all locations in the census block. Accordingly, the number of providers shown in Figure 4 does not necessarily reflect the number of choices available to a particular household and does not purport to measure competition. Figure 4 Percentages of Developed Census Blocks in which Providers Reported the Deployment of Residential Fixed Broadband as of June 30, 2017 100 91 82 50 15 90 80 47 70 60 50 32 40 36 30 Percentage of Census Blocks with Housing Units 20 16 18 10 9 0 At least 3 Mbps At least 10 Mbps At least 25 Mbps At least 100 Mbps downstream and at least downstream and at least downstream and at least downstream and at least 768 kbps upstream* 1 Mbps upstream* 3 Mbps upstream 10 Mbps upstream 0 Providers 1 Provider 2 Providers 3+ Providers * Satellite service providers report offering Internet access at bandwidths of at least 10 Mbps downstream and 1 Mbps upstream in 99.8% of developed census blocks Column figures may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Developed census blocks are those with housing units based on the 2010 census. 6 Download these data and explore the interactive map at https://broadbandmap.fcc.gov/#/. 6 Internet Access Subscribership Figure 5 illustrates the number of total and residential fixed Internet access connections (connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction except mobile wireless connections), as well as the number of total fixed connections per 100 persons and the number of residential fixed connections per 100 households, since 2002.7 Figure 5 Fixed Connections 2002-2017 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) 110,000 100 100,000 90 90,000 80 80,000 70 70,000 60 60,000 50 50,000 40 40,000 30 30,000 Connections per 100 Units Connections in Thousands 20 20,000 10,000 10 0 0 Residential Fixed Connections (left axis) Total Fixed Connections (left axis) Residential Fixed Connections per 100 Households (right axis) Total Fixed Connections per 100 Population (right axis) " Between June 2007 and June 2017, total (business and residential) fixed connections grew from 66 million connections to 106 million connections  at a compound annual growth rate of 5% per year.8 7 For data through December 2004, only those providers with at least 250 connections in a state were required to report. Historical fixed-location connection counts not included in this report may be found in June 2008 High- Speed Report at Tables 1 and 3, available in Excel format at https://www.fcc.gov/general/reports-high-speed- services-internet-access. 8 The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is a smoothed rate of growth calculated in three steps: divide the ending value by the beginning value; raise the result of that division to a power equal to one divided by the number of years in the period (in this case, 10 years, so the power is 1/10); subtract the number one from the result of the second step. 7 " Over the same ten-year period, residential fixed connections grew from 61 million connections to 97 million connections  also at a compound annual growth rate of 5% per year. " From June 2007 to June 2017, the number of residential fixed connections per 100 U.S. households increased from 51 to 75.9 Other Report Highlights Typical speeds " The median downstream speed of all reported fixed connections was 50 Mbps and the median upstream speed was 5 Mbps. For residential fixed connections, the median downstream speed was 50 Mbps and the median upstream speed was 5 Mbps. Residential connections " Residential fixed Internet access connections increased by about 2% between June 2016 and June 2017, to 97 million. See Figure 7. " Residential (non-business) mobile wireless Internet access connections on mobile devices with data plans for full Internet access increased by 3%, to 244 million, between June 2016 and June 2017. See Figure 7. " Approximately 83% of residential fixed connections had a speed of at least 10 Mbps downstream and 1 Mbps upstream in June 2017, while 66% had a speed of at least 25 Mbps downstream and 3 Mbps upstream. About 29% percent of all residential fixed connections had a downstream speed of at least 100 Mbps. See Figures 10 and 27. " As a national average in June 2017, there were 68 residential fixed connections with speeds of at least 10 Mbps downstream and 1 Mbps upstream per 100 households; 54 residential fixed connections with speeds of at least 25 Mbps downstream and 3 Mbps upstream per 100 households; and 18 residential fixed connections with speeds of at least 100 Mbps downstream and 10 Mbps upstream per 100 households.10 See Figure 32. 9 We calculate residential fixed connections per 100 households using, in the denominator, U.S. household estimates from the Census Bureau s Current Population Survey (CPS) for July of each year and, for Puerto Rico and the other inhabited island areas, Census 2010 households for 2010 and later years and Census 2000 households for the earlier years. (The CPS also estimates U.S. households for March and November of each year.) Figure 5 also shows total (business and residential) fixed connections per 100 population, which we calculate using U.S. Census Bureau population estimates for the United States and Puerto Rico  which are as of July 1 each year  and, for the remaining inhabited island areas, Census 2010 population for 2010 and later years and Census 2000 population for the earlier years. This statistic incorporates connections to business locations into a comparison to persons. (We note that the ratio of accurately-measured residential fixed connections to population has a maximum value for any given country and point in time  the value when every household is connected  if we assume that no household would have more than one fixed connection to its premises. For the United States in June, for example, the maximum value would be 39 because there were about 129 million households in the United States and inhabited insular areas and a population of about 329 million according to the sources used for Figure 5.) 10 Increases over time in the ratio of residential fixed connections to households indicate that increasing shares of households are connected at home. The ratio is somewhat different from the  take rate of offered service (which may also be called an  adoption rate ) because some households may be located in areas where no fixed-location service is offered. These methodological differences are discussed in greater detail in Inquiry Concerning the 8 Census tract and county shares of households with reportable connections " We estimate the share of households with fixed Internet access connections in individual census tracts and counties as of June 30, 2017.11 We continue to observe substantial variation among these estimates. See Figures 37 and 39. Household subscribership rates and demographics " The report includes charts that illustrate correlations between household subscribership rates and demographic measures. We update charts based on income, household density, education, age, and race. The data indicate that some demographic variables are correlated with Internet access subscribership rates. See Figures 44-50. Deployment of Advanced Telecommunications Capability to All Americans in a Reasonable and Timely Fashion, and Possible Steps to Accelerate Such Deployment Pursuant to Section 706 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, Amended by the Broadband Data Improvement Act, GN Docket No.11-121, Eighth Broadband Progress Report, 27 FCC Rcd 10342, 10386, para. 94 (2012). 11 For both census tracts and counties, we continue to find estimates above 100% for the share of households with fixed Internet access connections. See p. 57 for more information. 9 SECTION 2 SUMMARY STATISTICS: THE NATION Table of Contents Figure 6 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2013-2017 .......................... 12 Figure 7 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2013-2017 ................................................................................................ 12 Figure 8 Residential Fixed Connections by Speed 2013-2017 .............................................. 13 Figure 9 Distribution of Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2017 .................................................................................. 14 Figure 10 Distribution of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2017........................................................................... 15 Figure 11 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2013-2017 ................................................................................................................ 16 Figure 12 Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2017 .................................................... 16 Figure 13 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2013-2017 ................................................................................................................ 17 Figure 14 Residential Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2017 ................................. 17 Figure 15 Fixed Connections at Least 3 Mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2013-2017 ............................................................................................ 18 Figure 16 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 3 Mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2013-2017 ...................................................................... 18 Figure 17 Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2014-2017 ............................................................................................ 19 Figure 18 Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by Technology as of June 30, 2017 .............................................................................. 19 Figure 19 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2014-2017 ...................................................................... 20 Figure 20 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by Technology as of June 30, 2017 ......................................................... 20 Figure 21 Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2014-2017 ............................................................................................ 21 Figure 22 Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology as of June 30, 2017 .............................................................................. 21 Figure 23 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2014-2017 ....................................................................................... 22 Figure 24 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology as of June 30, 2017 ......................................................................... 22 Figure 25 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2013-2017 (Shares of Selected Technologies) .................................... 23 10 Figure 26 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2013-2017 (Net Adds for Selected Technologies) .............................. 23 Figure 27 Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2017 (Shares of Selected Technologies for Selected Speeds) ......................................... 24 Figure 28 Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed Tier and Technology as of June 30, 2017 .......................................................................................................... 25 Figure 29 Residential Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed Tier and Technology as of June 30, 2017 .......................................................................................................... 26 Figure 30 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2013-2017 ...................................................................... 27 Figure 31 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction - Selected Technologies 2013-2017 ....................................................... 27 11 Figure 6 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2013-2017 (In thousands) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Technology Jun Dec Jun* Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 284,692 293,397 324,471 338,202 357,613 375,895 385,036 393,321 396,829 Total Fixed 93,986 96,032 95,982 98,245 100,179 102,216 104,071 105,694 106,231 Mobile Wireless 190,706 197,365 228,489 239,957 257,434 273,679 280,965 287,627 290,598 Figure 7 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2013-2017 (In thousands) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Technology Jun Dec Jun* Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 235,273 246,797 277,551 290,696 306,292 322,557 330,976 337,963 341,079 Total Fixed 85,277 87,599 87,345 89,530 91,439 93,434 94,990 96,592 97,057 Mobile Wireless 149,996 159,197 190,205 201,166 214,853 229,122 235,985 241,371 244,022 * The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes). The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Some previously-published data may have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals elsewhere in this report due to rounding. 12 Figure 8 Residential Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed 2014-2017 100 96.6 97.1 95.0 93.4 23.6 28.2 91.4 17.7 89.5 14.9 87.3 11.9 9.2 4.5 30.7 32.5 35.6 37.2 75 38.5 36.4 36.8 50 27.1 24.7 23.1 22.4 Connections in Millions 21.4 20.8 18.0 25 17.5 16.7 15.6 14.4 13.6 13.0 11.6 7.6 6.4 5.2 4.6 3.9 2.8 0 Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun 2014* 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 At least 100 Mbps At least 25 Mbps and less than 100 Mbps At least 10 Mbps and less than 25 Mbps At least 3 Mbps and less than 10 Mbps Less than 3 Mbps * The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes). The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Some previously-published data may have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals elsewhere in this report due to rounding. 13 Figure 9 Distribution of Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2017 >= 1 Mbps & < 3 Mbps 12.8% >= 1 Mbps & < 3 Mbps 5.5% >= 3 Mbps 4.3% < 1 Mbps 2.4% >= 1 Mbps & < 3 Mbps 0.7% < 1 Mbps < 1 Mbps 6.8% 2.5% >= 3 Mbps 36.7% >= 3 Mbps 27.6% >= 1 Mbps & < 3 Mbps 0.5% Downstream Speed < 3 Mbps; 3.2% >= 3 Mbps & < 10 Mbps; 12.5% >= 10 Mbps & < 25 Mbps; 19.4% >= 25 Mbps & < 100 Mbps; 37.2% >= 100 Mbps; 27.6% Note: Inner circle (light shading) represents upstream speeds. Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands) Downstream Speed At least 3 At least 10 At least 25 Mbps Mbps Mbps and less and less and less Less than 3 than 10 than 25 than 100 At least 100 Upstream Speed Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Total Less than 1 Mbps 2,623 7,217 2,536 # # 12,377 At least 1 Mbps & Less than 3 Mbps 783 5,790 13,578 538 6 20,695 At least 3 Mbps 9 320 4,524 38,952 29,355 73,159 Total 3,415 13,327 20,638 39,491 29,360 106,231 Percentages Less than 1 Mbps 2.5 6.8 2.4 0.0 0.0 11.7 At least 1 Mbps & Less than 3 Mbps 0.7 5.5 12.8 0.5 0.0 19.5 At least 3 Mbps 0.0 0.3 4.3 36.7 27.6 68.9 Total 3.2 12.5 19.4 37.2 27.6 100.0 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. # = Rounds to zero. Source: FCC Form 477. 14 Figure 10 Distribution of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2017 >= 1 Mbps & < 3 Mbps 12.1% >= 1 Mbps & < 3 Mbps >= 3 Mbps 5.5% 4.0% < 1 Mbps 2.5% < 1 Mbps 6.2% < 1 Mbps 2.1% >= 3 Mbps 37.4% >= 3 Mbps 29.1% >= 1 Mbps & < 3 Mbps 0.5% Downstream Speed < 3 Mbps; 2.5% >= 3 Mbps & < 10 Mbps; 11.9% >= 10 Mbps & < 25 Mbps; 18.6% >= 25 Mbps & < 100 Mbps; 37.9% >= 100 Mbps; 29.1% Note: Inner circle (light shading) represents upstream speeds. Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction (in thousands) Downstream Speed At least 3 At least 10 At least 25 Mbps Mbps Mbps and less and less and less Less than 3 than 10 than 25 than 100 At least 100 Upstream Speed Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Total Less than 1 Mbps 2,051 6,045 2,379 # 0 10,476 At least 1 Mbps & Less than 3 Mbps 381 5,379 11,770 494 5 18,029 At least 3 Mbps 8 152 3,876 36,273 28,243 68,552 Total 2,440 11,576 18,026 36,768 28,248 97,057 Percentages Less than 1 Mbps 2.1 6.2 2.5 0.0 0.0 10.8 At least 1 Mbps & Less than 3 Mbps 0.4 5.5 12.1 0.5 0.0 18.6 At least 3 Mbps 0.0 0.2 4.0 37.4 29.1 70.6 Total 2.5 11.9 18.6 37.9 29.1 100.0 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. # = Rounds to zero. Source: FCC Form 477. 15 Figure 11 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2013-2017 (In thousands) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Technology Jun Dec Jun* Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 284,692 293,397 324,471 338,202 357,613 375,895 385,036 393,321 396,829 Total Fixed 93,986 96,032 95,982 98,245 100,179 102,216 104,071 105,694 106,231 aDSL 30,657 30,690 29,870 29,533 29,351 28,134 27,486 26,525 25,504 sDSL 117 108 96 72 77 60 55 42 44 Other Wireline1 769 772 792 773 706 694 674 655 667 Cable Modem 52,760 54,009 54,011 55,785 57,244 59,706 61,456 63,322 64,056 FTTP2 7,250 7,745 8,312 9,077 9,688 10,498 11,129 12,039 12,897 Satellite 1,623 1,849 1,964 2,006 2,058 2,071 2,079 1,864 1,826 Fixed Wireless 810 858 935 999 1,056 1,054 1,192 1,247 1,237 Mobile Wireless 190,706 197,365 228,489 239,957 257,434 273,679 280,965 287,627 290,598 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Fiber to the premises. * The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes). The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Some previously-published data may have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Figure 12 Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2017 Cable Modem 16.1% FTTP 3.2% aDSL 6.4% All Other 1.0% Mobile Wireless 73.2% 16 Figure 13 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2013-2017 (In thousands) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Technology Jun Dec Jun* Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 235,273 246,797 277,551 290,696 306,292 322,557 330,976 337,963 341,079 Total Fixed 85,277 87,599 87,345 89,530 91,439 93,434 94,990 96,592 97,057 aDSL 26,869 27,248 26,675 26,442 26,157 25,139 24,485 23,691 22,774 sDSL 43 39 30 19 18 16 10 8 12 Other Wireline1 22 22 57 59 59 54 51 32 74 Cable Modem 49,494 50,709 50,389 52,061 53,544 55,799 57,357 59,142 59,684 FTTP2 6,732 7,176 7,605 8,262 8,842 9,592 10,131 10,947 11,771 Satellite 1,407 1,643 1,760 1,803 1,875 1,891 1,897 1,676 1,637 Fixed Wireless 710 763 829 884 944 943 1,059 1,097 1,106 Mobile Wireless 149,996 159,197 190,205 201,166 214,853 229,122 235,985 241,371 244,022 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Fiber to the premises. * The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes). The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Some previously-published data may have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Figure 14 Residential Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2017 Cable Modem 17.5% FTTP 3.5% aDSL 6.7% All Other 0.8% Mobile Wireless 71.5% 17 Figure 15 Fixed Connections at Least 3 Mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2013-2017 (In thousands) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Technology Jun Dec Jun* Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 68,673 78,175 78,981 83,872 89,011 92,356 95,503 98,742 100,079 aDSL 14,233 18,540 17,246 18,557 20,947 20,744 21,147 21,042 20,621 sDSL 34 36 33 28 24 20 20 20 24 Other Wireline1 284 308 310 308 297 330 336 328 354 Cable Modem 46,014 50,236 51,304 53,853 55,819 58,423 60,343 62,852 63,716 FTTP2 6,981 7,486 8,111 8,974 9,552 10,383 11,017 11,940 12,804 Satellite 791 1,181 1,424 1,558 1,690 1,744 1,775 1,609 1,586 Fixed Wireless 337 388 553 594 681 712 865 951 974 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Fiber to the premises. * The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes). # = Rounds to zero. The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Some previously-published data may have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Figure 16 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 3 Mbps Downstream and 768 kbps Upstream by Technology 2013-2017 (In thousands) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Technology Jun Dec Jun* Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 63,342 72,476 73,042 77,540 82,320 85,439 88,188 91,244 92,342 aDSL 12,666 16,715 15,673 16,867 18,988 18,866 19,207 19,133 18,719 sDSL 13 13 7 2 1 2 2 3 7 Other Wireline1 21 20 45 50 45 47 49 31 73 Cable Modem 43,061 47,258 47,924 50,308 52,254 54,650 56,353 58,781 59,408 FTTP2 6,504 6,958 7,491 8,246 8,750 9,512 10,054 10,874 11,699 Satellite 788 1,177 1,419 1,552 1,682 1,734 1,764 1,596 1,571 Fixed Wireless 289 335 483 516 599 628 758 827 865 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Fiber to the premises. * The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes). # = Rounds to zero. The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Some previously-published data may have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. 18 Figure 17 Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2014-2017 (In thousands) 2014 2015 2016 2017 Technology Jun* Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 63,823 68,238 72,713 76,939 80,446 84,096 86,952 aDSL 7,561 8,560 9,471 9,799 10,349 10,810 11,321 sDSL 9 6 9 8 8 10 14 Other Wireline1 169 186 182 203 210 218 253 Cable Modem 47,296 49,837 52,658 55,710 57,951 60,347 61,703 FTTP2 7,601 8,320 8,874 9,575 10,130 10,988 11,876 Satellite 1,016 1,136 1,298 1,393 1,467 1,342 1,373 Fixed Wireless 170 193 221 252 330 382 413 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Fiber to the premises. * The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes). # = Rounds to zero. Figure 18 Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by Technology as of June 30, 2017 FTTP 13.7% aDSL 13.0% All Other 2.4% Cable Modem 71.0% 19 Figure 19 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2014-2017 (In thousands) 2014 2015 2016 2017 Technology Jun* Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 59,729 63,732 67,898 71,784 74,831 78,190 80,662 aDSL 7,025 7,970 8,743 9,069 9,526 9,963 10,415 sDSL 3 # # 1 2 2 6 Other Wireline1 33 36 38 43 47 30 71 Cable Modem 44,480 46,772 49,487 52,294 54,274 56,537 57,616 FTTP2 7,032 7,653 8,144 8,776 9,239 9,995 10,830 Satellite 1,014 1,133 1,293 1,386 1,460 1,333 1,362 Fixed Wireless 142 167 191 213 283 330 362 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Fiber to the premises. * The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes). # = Rounds to zero. Figure 20 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by Technology as of June 30, 2017 FTTP 13.4% aDSL 12.9% All Other 2.2% Cable Modem 71.4% 20 Figure 21 Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2014-2017 (In thousands) 2014 2015 2016 2017 Technology Jun+ Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 35,924 42,713 48,784 54,335 58,747 62,899 68,034 aDSL 421 587 762 938 1,239 1,476 2,530 sDSL 2 1 1 * * * * Other Wireline1 114 125 125 141 158 170 207 Cable Modem 30,769 36,383 40,979 45,530 48,696 51,740 54,829 FTTP2 4,600 5,589 6,871 7,691 8,603 9,441 10,369 Satellite # # # * * * * Fixed Wireless 19 28 47 55 72 92 119 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Fiber to the premises. + The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes). * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. # = Rounds to zero. Figure 22 Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology as of June 30, 2017 aDSL 3.7% Cable Modem FTTP 80.3% 15.2% All Other 0.8% 21 Figure 23 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2014-2017 (In thousands) 2014 2015 2016 2017 Technology Jun+ Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 34,437 40,916 46,532 51,788 55,690 59,458 64,249 aDSL 397 556 727 897 1,173 1,408 2,418 sDSL # # # * * * * Other Wireline1 22 26 26 31 41 27 67 Cable Modem 29,806 35,202 39,416 43,746 46,527 49,299 52,154 FTTP2 4,198 5,111 6,323 7,089 7,912 8,669 9,529 Satellite 0 0 0 * * * * Fixed Wireless 14 22 40 46 57 75 100 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. 2 Fiber to the premises. + The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes). * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. # = Rounds to zero. Figure 24 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology as of June 30, 2017 aDSL 3.7% Cable Modem FTTP 80.8% 14.8% All Other 0.6% 22 Figure 25 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2013-2017 (Shares of selected technologies) 100 31.5 31.1 30.5 29.5 28.6 26.9 25.8 24.5 23.5 90 80 11.3 12.1 10.7 10.3 70 9.2 9.7 7.9 8.2 8.7 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.2 60 2.8 3.1 3.2 61.2 61.5 3.1 59.7 60.4 58.0 57.9 57.7 58.1 58.6 50 40 30 20 Percentage of Residential Fixed Connections Fixed Residential of Percentage 10 0 Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun 2013 2013 2014* 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 aDSL Cable Modem FTTP All Other Fixed * The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes). The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Some previously-published data may have been revised. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Figure 26 Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2013-2017 (Net adds for selected technologies) 4000 3813 3156 3000 2327 2000 1640 1236 1289 1000 895 873 0 -194 Connections in ThousandsConnections in -518 -1000 -1672 -1711 -2000 Jun 2013 to Jun 2014 to Jun 2015 to Jun 2016 to Jun 2014 Jun 2015 Jun 2016 Jun 2017 aDSL Cable Modem FTTP 23 Figure 27 Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2017 (Shares of selected technologies for selected speeds, connections in thousands) Connections 97,057 92,342 80,662 64,517 21,773 100 2.9 2.7 2.2 14.8 14.4 12.1 12.7 13.4 90 85.2 61.5 64.3 71.4 80.8 80 70 60 50 40 Estimated Percentage of Households of Percentage Estimated 30 23.5 20 20.3 12.9 10 3.7 0 Over 200 kbps in at At least 3 Mbps At least 10 Mbps At least 25 Mbps At least 100 Mbps least one direction downstream and at least downstream and at least downstream and at least downstream and at least 768 kbps upstream 1 Mbps upstream 3 Mbps upstream 10 Mbps upstream aDSL Cable Modem FTTP All Other Fixed 24 Figure 28 Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed Tier and Technology as of June 30, 2017 (In thousands) Downstream Speed At least 1.5 Mbps At least 3 Mbps At least 10 Mbps At least 25 Mbps Less than and less than and less than and less than and less than At least 100 Technology 1.5 Mbps 3 Mbps 10 Mbps 25 Mbps 100 Mbps Mbps Total aDSL 856 1,568 9,622 10,571 2,870 18 25,504 sDSL 12 8 10 10 * * 44 Other Wireline1 47 263 105 46 32 175 667 Cable Modem 67 78 2,146 6,791 29,314 25,659 64,056 FTTP 27 36 621 1,804 6,930 3,478 12,897 Satellite 205 32 216 1,124 * * 1,826 Fixed Wireless 78 139 606 292 93 29 1,237 Total 1,291 2,124 13,327 20,638 39,491 29,360 106,231 Percentages aDSL 0.8 1.5 9.1 10.0 2.7 0.0 24.0 sDSL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 * * 0.0 Other Wireline1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 Cable Modem 0.1 0.1 2.0 6.4 27.6 24.2 60.3 FTTP 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.7 6.5 3.3 12.1 Satellite 0.2 0.0 0.2 1.1 * * 1.7 Fixed Wireless 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.0 1.2 Total 1.2 2.0 12.5 19.4 37.2 27.6 100.0 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. 25 Figure 29 Residential Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed Tier and Technology as of June 30, 2017 (In thousands) Downstream Speed At least 1.5 Mbps At least 3 Mbps At least 10 Mbps At least 25 Mbps Less than and less than and less than and less than and less than At least 100 Technology 1.5 Mbps 3 Mbps 10 Mbps 25 Mbps 100 Mbps Mbps Total aDSL 755 1,268 8,347 9,654 2,733 17 22,774 sDSL 4 1 1 4 * * 12 Other Wireline1 # 1 2 3 6 61 74 Cable Modem 60 45 1,904 5,391 27,275 25,009 59,684 FTTP 17 27 565 1,598 6,424 3,140 11,771 Satellite 54 9 211 1,116 * * 1,637 Fixed Wireless 70 127 547 259 82 21 1,106 Total 961 1,479 11,576 18,026 36,768 28,248 97,057 Percentages aDSL 0.8 1.3 8.6 9.9 2.8 0.0 23.5 sDSL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 * * 0.0 Other Wireline1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 Cable Modem 0.1 0.0 2.0 5.6 28.1 25.8 61.5 FTTP 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.6 6.6 3.2 12.1 Satellite 0.1 0.0 0.2 1.1 * * 1.7 Fixed Wireless 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.0 1.1 Total 1.0 1.5 11.9 18.6 37.9 29.1 100.0 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. 26 Figure 30 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2013-2017 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Technology Jun Dec Jun+ Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun aDSL 852 851 793 793 792 778 768 773 766 sDSL 246 239 192 187 177 180 171 160 162 Other Wireline1 246 245 270 245 240 250 244 236 241 Cable Modem 403 407 394 402 393 392 387 383 381 FTTP 692 744 879 910 931 990 1,015 1,065 1,099 Satellite 5 5 16 14 10 10 6 6 5 Fixed Wireless 771 825 872 923 949 983 1,025 1,065 1,089 Mobile Wireless 79 77 91 98 100 96 99 97 97 Power Line and Other1 0 * - - - - - - - Total 1,714 1,773 1,816 1,873 1,882 1,918 1,955 1,997 2,024 1 For this Figure, the categories Power Line and All Other were combined with Other Wireline from June 2014 forward. + The June 2014 data have not been subjected to the typical quality checks (see Technical Notes). Multiple Form 477 filers within a holding company structure count as one provider. * = 1-3 providers. The Commission approved changes to the Form 477 in June 2013 that affect the data beginning in June 2014 (see Technical Notes). Some previously-published data may have been revised. Figure 31 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction Selected Technologies 2013-2017 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 Number Providers of 300 200 100 0 Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 aDSL Cable Modem FTTP Mobile Wireless 27 SECTION 3 SUMMARY STATISTICS: THE STATES Table of Contents Figure 32 Residential Fixed Connections and Households by State as of June 30, 2017 .................................................................................................. 29 Figure 33 Connections by Type of End User by State as of June 30, 2017 ............................. 31 Figure 34 Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2017 ...................................... 32 Figure 35 Percentage of Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed by State as of June 30, 2017 ........................................................................................................... 34 Figure 36 Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2017 .................. 36 28 Figure 32 Residential Fixed Connections and Households by State as of June 30, 2017 (Connections and households, in thousands) At least 200 kbps in At least 10 Mbps Down At least 25 Mbps Down At least 100 Mbps Down at least One Direction and 1 Mbps Up and 3 Mbps Up and 10 Mbps Up Subscribership Subscribership Subscribership Subscribership State Households Connections Ratio Connections Ratio Connections Ratio Connections Ratio Alabama 1,851 1,305 0.70 1,003 0.54 719 0.39 82 0.04 Alaska 250 207 0.83 154 0.61 * * * * American Samoa 10 * * 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 Arizona 2,449 2,034 0.83 1,552 0.63 1,283 0.52 435 0.18 Arkansas 1,141 746 0.65 522 0.46 315 0.28 65 0.06 California 12,807 11,109 0.87 9,651 0.75 7,674 0.60 3,542 0.28 Colorado 2,052 1,826 0.89 1,402 0.68 1,288 0.63 490 0.24 Connecticut 1,355 1,195 0.88 1,058 0.78 860 0.63 311 0.23 Delaware 348 326 0.94 308 0.88 296 0.85 104 0.30 District of Columbia 277 238 0.86 217 0.78 206 0.75 * * Florida 7,393 6,874 0.93 6,042 0.82 4,861 0.66 1,454 0.20 Georgia 3,612 2,935 0.81 2,397 0.66 1,791 0.50 372 0.10 Guam 42 * * * * * * 0 0.00 Hawaii 452 405 0.90 400 0.89 * * * * Idaho 596 481 0.81 275 0.46 213 0.36 18 0.03 Illinois 4,802 3,751 0.78 3,184 0.66 2,448 0.51 495 0.10 Indiana 2,514 1,878 0.75 1,473 0.59 1,069 0.43 234 0.09 Iowa 1,243 933 0.75 627 0.50 503 0.40 133 0.11 Kansas 1,116 872 0.78 666 0.60 448 0.40 200 0.18 Kentucky 1,718 1,235 0.72 884 0.51 560 0.33 211 0.12 Louisiana 1,731 1,233 0.71 988 0.57 683 0.39 172 0.10 Maine 551 484 0.88 354 0.64 203 0.37 13 0.02 Maryland 2,177 1,901 0.87 1,761 0.81 1,644 0.76 572 0.26 Massachusetts 2,559 2,314 0.90 2,154 0.84 2,067 0.81 746 0.29 Michigan 3,860 2,990 0.77 2,537 0.66 1,989 0.52 230 0.06 Minnesota 2,135 1,723 0.81 1,287 0.60 1,130 0.53 274 0.13 Mississippi 1,099 659 0.60 474 0.43 274 0.25 36 0.03 Missouri 2,372 1,772 0.75 1,320 0.56 944 0.40 264 0.11 Montana 413 328 0.80 222 0.54 191 0.46 11 0.03 Nebraska 742 581 0.78 431 0.58 319 0.43 61 0.08 29 Figure 32 - Continued Residential Fixed Connections and Households by State as of June 30, 2017 (Connections and households, in thousands) At least 200 kbps in At least 10 Mbps Down At least 25 Mbps Down At least 100 Mbps Down at least One Direction and 1 Mbps Up and 3 Mbps Up and 10 Mbps Up Subscribership Subscribership Subscribership Subscribership State Households Connections Ratio Connections Ratio Connections Ratio Connections Ratio Nevada 1,031 891 0.86 740 0.72 580 0.56 * * New Hampshire 521 484 0.93 414 0.79 373 0.72 135 0.26 New Jersey 3,195 2,945 0.92 2,792 0.87 2,696 0.84 1,076 0.34 New Mexico 763 548 0.72 332 0.43 288 0.38 80 0.10 New York 7,266 6,189 0.85 5,726 0.79 5,038 0.69 2,076 0.29 North Carolina 3,815 3,062 0.80 2,369 0.62 1,981 0.52 1,108 0.29 North Dakota 305 246 0.81 215 0.70 172 0.56 31 0.10 Northern Mariana Isl 16 * * * * * * 0 0.00 Ohio 4,601 3,573 0.78 2,880 0.63 1,764 0.38 277 0.06 Oklahoma 1,462 1,014 0.69 741 0.51 477 0.33 140 0.10 Oregon 1,546 1,304 0.84 1,045 0.68 922 0.60 265 0.17 Pennsylvania 4,962 4,031 0.81 3,397 0.68 3,010 0.61 1,155 0.23 Puerto Rico 1,237 * * * * * * * * Rhode Island 410 363 0.88 349 0.85 314 0.76 * * South Carolina 1,839 1,436 0.78 1,181 0.64 731 0.40 100 0.05 South Dakota 334 259 0.78 220 0.66 188 0.56 17 0.05 Tennessee 2,522 1,865 0.74 1,576 0.62 1,207 0.48 292 0.12 Texas 9,290 7,315 0.79 6,126 0.66 4,365 0.47 2,071 0.22 Utah 918 792 0.86 601 0.65 525 0.57 214 0.23 Vermont 257 242 0.94 171 0.67 135 0.53 53 0.21 Virgin Islands 43 27 0.62 * * * * * * Virginia 3,090 2,534 0.82 2,204 0.71 1,967 0.64 708 0.23 Washington 2,697 2,390 0.89 1,950 0.72 1,786 0.66 682 0.25 West Virginia 739 530 0.72 373 0.50 296 0.40 72 0.10 Wisconsin 2,310 1,820 0.79 1,435 0.62 950 0.41 27 0.01 Wyoming 227 177 0.78 128 0.57 105 0.46 1 0.00 Total 119,064 97,057 0.82 80,662 0.68 64,517 0.54 21,773 0.18 # = Rounds to Zero; * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Sources: FCC Form 477 (Connections); 2012-2016 5-year estimates; Census 2010. 30 Figure 33 Connections by Type of End User by State as of June 30, 2017 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) Connections Percentages State Residential Business Residential Business Total Alabama 4,836 647 88.2 11.8 5,483 Alaska 786 118 87.0 13.0 904 American Samoa * * * * * Arizona 6,694 1,023 86.7 13.3 7,717 Arkansas 2,743 425 86.6 13.4 3,169 California 42,887 8,099 84.1 15.9 50,986 Colorado 5,889 916 86.5 13.5 6,805 Connecticut 3,938 691 85.1 14.9 4,629 Delaware 1,011 153 86.9 13.1 1,164 District of Columbia 924 480 65.8 34.2 1,404 Florida 22,334 3,862 85.3 14.7 26,196 Georgia 10,508 1,618 86.7 13.3 12,126 Guam 179 40 81.5 18.5 219 Hawaii 1,611 205 88.7 11.3 1,816 Idaho 1,604 239 87.0 13.0 1,843 Illinois 13,615 2,297 85.6 14.4 15,912 Indiana 6,407 890 87.8 12.2 7,297 Iowa 3,021 524 85.2 14.8 3,545 Kansas 4,014 474 89.4 10.6 4,488 Kentucky 4,730 569 89.3 10.7 5,300 Louisiana 4,814 660 87.9 12.1 5,475 Maine 1,320 207 86.5 13.5 1,527 Maryland 6,683 1,027 86.7 13.3 7,710 Massachusetts 7,921 1,258 86.3 13.7 9,179 Michigan 10,051 1,701 85.5 14.5 11,753 Minnesota 5,714 973 85.5 14.5 6,686 Mississippi 2,860 318 90.0 10.0 3,178 Missouri 6,088 990 86.0 14.0 7,078 Montana 986 138 87.8 12.2 1,124 Nebraska 1,745 356 83.1 16.9 2,101 Nevada 3,138 400 88.7 11.3 3,538 New Hampshire 1,365 213 86.5 13.5 1,578 New Jersey 10,103 1,762 85.2 14.8 11,864 New Mexico 1,945 257 88.3 11.7 2,202 New York 22,437 3,745 85.7 14.3 26,182 North Carolina 9,806 1,570 86.2 13.8 11,376 North Dakota 754 130 85.3 14.7 884 Northern Mariana Isl * * * * * Ohio 11,818 1,782 86.9 13.1 13,600 Oklahoma 3,779 565 87.0 13.0 4,344 Oregon 4,293 671 86.5 13.5 4,964 Pennsylvania 13,440 2,015 87.0 13.0 15,456 Puerto Rico 3,390 261 92.9 7.1 3,650 Rhode Island 1,085 176 86.1 13.9 1,260 South Carolina 4,670 656 87.7 12.3 5,326 South Dakota 804 110 88.0 12.0 914 Tennessee 6,503 1,021 86.4 13.6 7,524 Texas 28,196 4,943 85.1 14.9 33,140 Utah 2,813 464 85.8 14.2 3,277 Vermont 652 125 83.9 16.1 776 Virgin Islands 105 12 90.0 10.0 117 Virginia 8,182 1,499 84.5 15.5 9,681 Washington 7,986 1,225 86.7 13.3 9,211 West Virginia 1,571 186 89.4 10.6 1,758 Wisconsin 5,637 963 85.4 14.6 6,600 Wyoming 596 77 88.5 11.5 673 Total 341,079 55,750 86.0 14.0 396,829 # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. 31 Figure 34 Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2017 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) Other Cable Fixed Mobile State ADSL SDSL Wireline1 Modem Fiber Satellite Wireless Wireless Total Alabama 517 # * 726 124 * 6 4,040 5,483 Alaska 79 # 2 * 5 * 11 662 904 American Samoa * * 0 * * 0 * * * Arizona 554 # * 1,418 146 * 35 5,521 7,717 Arkansas 351 # * 387 25 * 7 2,348 3,169 California 3,337 7 * 7,621 897 * 92 38,798 50,986 Colorado * 1 19 1,201 221 * 57 4,811 6,805 Connecticut * # 4 963 10 * * 3,316 4,629 Delaware * * 3 218 * * * 810 1,164 District of Columbia 32 * 7 * 57 * * 1,128 1,404 Florida 1,665 # * 4,941 762 * 11 18,688 26,196 Georgia 1,031 # * 1,805 304 * 3 8,898 12,126 Guam * 0 * * * 0 0 179 219 Hawaii * * 1 * 31 * 2 1,375 1,816 Idaho 175 # * 209 79 * 47 1,317 1,843 Illinois 1,225 1 * 2,602 125 * 73 11,811 15,912 Indiana 681 # * 1,076 188 * 41 5,256 7,297 Iowa 295 1 * 474 177 * 42 2,525 3,545 Kansas 252 # * 469 167 * 40 3,536 4,488 Kentucky 442 # * 719 116 * 19 3,962 5,300 Louisiana 423 # * 788 84 * 6 4,112 5,475 Maine 130 1 * 369 10 * 6 996 1,527 Maryland * # 16 1,076 * * 5 5,642 7,710 Massachusetts * # 21 1,852 * * 3 6,640 9,179 Michigan 870 3 * 2,192 42 * 48 8,497 11,753 Minnesota 509 3 * 1,088 208 * 29 4,810 6,686 Mississippi 339 * 3 312 26 * 2 2,441 3,178 Missouri 711 # * 888 210 * 40 5,149 7,078 Montana 106 # * 199 26 * 23 756 1,124 Nebraska 153 # * 393 58 * 25 1,464 2,101 32 Figure 34 - Continued Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2017 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) Other Cable Fixed Mobile State ADSL SDSL Wireline1 Modem Fiber Satellite Wireless Wireless Total Nevada 233 # 6 * 18 * 16 2,563 3,538 New Hampshire 79 # * 422 27 * # 1,040 1,578 New Jersey 184 # 27 2,072 * * 1 8,613 11,864 New Mexico 243 # * 281 39 * 22 1,601 2,202 New York 459 2 38 4,699 * * 5 19,361 26,182 North Carolina 904 1 * 2,074 266 * 7 8,048 11,376 North Dakota 46 # * 144 80 * 5 606 884 Northern Mariana Isl * 0 0 * * 0 0 * * Ohio 1,122 # * 2,406 203 * 42 9,764 13,600 Oklahoma 381 # * 577 57 * 48 3,228 4,344 Oregon 265 # * 915 182 * 24 3,537 4,964 Pennsylvania 638 # 27 2,768 * * 8 11,042 15,456 Puerto Rico * 0 * * 7 * 3 2,943 3,650 Rhode Island * * 2 * * * * 865 1,260 South Carolina 467 # * 921 125 * 2 3,768 5,326 South Dakota 47 * # 167 55 * 10 629 914 Tennessee 557 # * 1,152 262 * 11 5,474 7,524 Texas 2,441 2 * 4,096 1,047 * 187 25,139 33,140 Utah 175 # * 473 156 * 50 2,413 3,277 Vermont 120 * 3 141 22 * 1 484 776 Virgin Islands * 0 * * * * * * 117 Virginia 311 # * 1,452 883 * 17 6,911 9,681 Washington 457 # * 1,792 238 * 30 6,618 9,211 West Virginia * * 1 354 10 * 2 1,175 1,758 Wisconsin 640 9 5 * 87 * 41 4,622 6,600 Wyoming 52 # * 108 10 * 21 473 673 Total 25,504 44 667 64,056 12,897 1,826 1,237 290,598 396,829 1 PowerLine and Other are summarized with Other Wireline to maintain firm confidentiality. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. 33 Figure 35 Percentage of Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed by State as of June 30, 2017 Over 200 kbps Upstream and % over 200 kbps % at least 3 Mbps % at least 10 Mbps % at least 25 Mbps % at least 100 Mbps State Downstream Downstream Downstream Downstream Downstream Alabama 99.4 94.2 78.6 53.8 11.1 Alaska 98.0 90.1 74.2 53.5 39.4 American Samoa * * * * * Arizona 99.8 96.9 85.8 62.3 24.6 Arkansas 99.4 93.6 73.5 43.1 11.4 California 99.7 97.5 85.0 66.4 38.1 Colorado 99.8 95.7 87.5 68.6 43.1 Connecticut 99.5 99.0 87.3 69.6 35.9 Delaware 99.9 98.5 93.2 87.8 48.3 District of Columbia 99.9 97.5 88.2 81.6 48.7 Florida 99.6 97.7 89.9 69.4 20.6 Georgia 99.3 96.2 81.9 59.9 13.4 Guam * * * * * Hawaii 100.0 99.7 97.6 86.9 47.7 Idaho 99.6 94.4 71.9 44.1 26.2 Illinois 99.7 97.5 84.1 63.2 16.2 Indiana 99.4 96.7 79.5 55.2 12.2 Iowa 99.6 93.7 74.9 53.0 15.2 Kansas 99.7 95.2 77.4 49.6 23.0 Kentucky 99.1 94.6 72.1 45.0 16.6 Louisiana 99.3 95.0 80.1 54.9 14.8 Maine 99.0 95.1 72.0 40.7 2.6 Maryland 99.8 98.1 91.1 83.9 42.3 Massachusetts 99.9 98.4 91.9 84.6 49.1 Michigan 99.4 97.2 84.1 64.4 8.3 Minnesota 99.7 95.6 82.8 64.3 26.9 Mississippi 99.1 92.6 72.6 42.6 14.5 Missouri 99.5 94.8 78.6 53.2 37.8 Montana 99.7 91.9 73.6 58.1 4.3 Nebraska 99.7 96.5 77.6 54.1 11.5 34 Figure 35 - Continued Percentage of Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed by State as of June 30, 2017 Over 200 kbps Upstream and % over 200 kbps % at least 3 Mbps % at least 10 Mbps % at least 25 Mbps % at least 100 Mbps State Downstream Downstream Downstream Downstream Downstream Nevada 99.9 98.1 88.0 65.9 18.9 New Hampshire 99.1 96.2 84.0 72.0 45.7 New Jersey 99.8 98.5 94.0 89.3 45.4 New Mexico 99.7 92.9 75.2 51.3 28.9 New York 99.7 98.5 91.0 79.5 31.9 North Carolina 99.3 96.3 81.0 63.0 34.4 North Dakota 99.9 97.1 88.1 71.6 18.3 Northern Mariana Isl * * * * * Ohio 99.8 97.1 80.6 48.3 8.5 Oklahoma 99.6 96.6 73.3 46.4 16.7 Oregon 99.8 96.1 85.7 68.8 35.2 Pennsylvania 99.7 96.9 84.9 73.1 41.4 Puerto Rico 100.0 83.4 52.2 29.6 0.9 Rhode Island 99.6 98.8 94.5 84.5 30.9 South Carolina 99.5 96.2 82.6 50.6 8.7 South Dakota 99.7 97.1 86.4 72.2 7.5 Tennessee 99.5 96.5 84.7 63.3 15.9 Texas 99.8 97.4 83.3 58.1 31.9 Utah 99.9 97.0 84.9 65.4 40.1 Vermont 98.8 85.4 66.7 48.8 32.6 Virgin Islands 100.0 81.6 46.3 * * Virginia 99.4 97.0 87.0 75.1 34.8 Washington 99.6 96.5 86.8 72.0 47.4 West Virginia 99.0 97.3 69.2 54.1 27.3 Wisconsin 99.1 95.4 81.0 51.6 3.4 Wyoming 99.7 93.1 78.1 58.7 1.3 Total 99.6 96.8 84.2 64.8 27.6 35 Figure 36 Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2017 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) Other Cable Fixed Mobile State ADSL SDSL Wireline1 Modem Fiber Satellite Wireless Wireless Total Alabama 24 8 * 19 41 * 24 6 91 Alaska 13 4 13 * 10 * 16 8 40 American Samoa * * 0 * * 0 * * * Arizona 21 4 * 16 38 * 46 7 103 Arkansas 25 6 * 17 35 * 22 5 79 California 38 17 * 29 62 * 100 6 185 Colorado * 9 31 19 53 * 54 9 129 Connecticut * 7 20 10 23 * * 4 41 Delaware * * 14 6 * * * 4 29 District of Columbia 8 * 18 * 24 * * 4 39 Florida 23 11 * 24 64 * 28 5 116 Georgia 29 6 * 34 82 * 22 4 125 Guam * 0 * * * 0 0 4 4 Hawaii * * 7 * 12 * 5 5 24 Idaho 25 5 * 19 35 * 36 10 79 Illinois 57 9 * 19 89 * 79 8 184 Indiana 40 6 * 12 60 * 61 5 121 Iowa 100 21 * 46 144 * 91 34 235 Kansas 29 11 * 27 60 * 54 9 119 Kentucky 21 6 * 30 46 * 31 7 104 Louisiana 15 6 * 18 38 * 12 5 68 Maine 17 7 * 9 24 * 9 5 43 Maryland * 8 25 16 * * 17 5 73 Massachusetts * 6 27 11 * * 18 5 70 Michigan 34 10 * 25 60 * 43 6 125 Minnesota 46 9 * 22 71 * 47 5 128 Mississippi 17 * 22 16 22 * 12 5 62 Missouri 40 11 * 19 57 * 69 8 147 Montana 21 5 * 8 29 * 25 7 62 Nebraska 30 4 * 20 50 * 38 9 92 36 Figure 36 - Continued Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2017 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) Other Cable Fixed Mobile State ADSL SDSL Wireline1 Modem Fiber Satellite Wireless Wireless Total Nevada 17 7 26 * 30 * 21 7 69 New Hampshire 13 8 * 6 23 * 5 6 42 New Jersey 16 8 36 12 * * 10 4 69 New Mexico 21 7 * 10 27 * 27 8 69 New York 38 10 35 21 * * 30 7 112 North Carolina 26 8 * 24 55 * 21 6 100 North Dakota 24 9 * 8 30 * 15 6 48 Northern Mariana Isl * 0 0 * * 0 0 * * Ohio 37 6 * 31 64 * 54 4 140 Oklahoma 39 9 * 12 49 * 45 12 109 Oregon 42 10 * 18 55 * 46 6 110 Pennsylvania 30 8 31 27 * * 27 8 114 Puerto Rico * 0 * * 6 * 6 5 15 Rhode Island * * 11 * * * * 4 24 South Carolina 19 4 * 16 32 * 8 6 54 South Dakota 23 * 12 6 34 * 20 8 70 Tennessee 23 7 * 23 45 * 31 7 102 Texas 66 19 * 37 109 * 136 9 244 Utah 20 4 * 12 28 * 27 9 72 Vermont 11 * 12 5 19 * 4 6 34 Virgin Islands * 0 * * * * * * 8 Virginia 27 11 * 19 60 * 33 6 110 Washington 26 8 * 24 56 * 57 6 121 West Virginia * * 14 17 19 * 13 6 55 Wisconsin 48 9 30 * 64 * 46 6 129 Wyoming 16 5 * 6 18 * 26 8 51 Total 766 162 241 381 1,099 5 1,089 97 2,024 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. # = Rounds to Zero. * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. 37 SECTION 4 SUMMARY STATISTICS: COUNTIES AND CENSUS TRACTS Table of Contents Figure 37 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households as of June 30, 2017 .................... 39 Figure 38 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households by Technology as of June 30, 2017 .................................................................................................. 40 Figure 39 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households as of June 30, 2017 ............... 41 Figure 40 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households by Technology as of June 30, 2017 .................................................................................................. 42 Figure 41 Percentage of Developed Census Blocks with Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2017 .............................................................................. 43 Figure 42 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by State as of June 30, 2017 ................................................................ 44 Figure 43 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State as of June 30, 2017 ................................................................ 46 38 Figure 37 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households as of June 30, 2017 16% Number of Counties 3,234 Median 0.69 450 14% 420 12% 375 356 10% 282 8% 225 205 194 6% 177 Percentage Counties of 160 140 4% 108 68 2% 42 19 4 1 2 6 0% 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 Max Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households Note: Ratios over 1 were set to 1. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2012-2016 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010. 39 Figure 38 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households by Technology as of June 30, 2017 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater than 5 than 10 than 20 than 30 than 40 than 50 than 60 than 80 than 0 and no and no and no and no and no and no and no and no and no more more more more more more more more more than than than than than than than than 100% Technology Zero than 5% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 80% 100% or more aDSL 1.1 5.6 6.2 26.5 29.8 17.3 8.5 3.0 1.6 0.2 0.2 sDSL 89.6 10.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Other Wireline 91.7 8.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cable Modem 13.4 7.0 6.2 13.8 13.6 14.3 11.6 10.9 7.8 1.1 0.3 FTTP 22.8 47.9 8.0 8.7 4.2 2.8 2.2 1.4 1.7 0.1 0.0 Satellite 1.3 67.1 21.7 8.9 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 Fixed Wireless 28.4 51.1 10.7 7.1 1.9 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 Total 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.8 3.4 8.8 15.1 49.5 19.2 3.0 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2012-2016 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010. 40 Figure 39 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households as of June 30, 2017 12 Number of Tracts 73,767 Median 0.81 10 8 6 Percentage of Tracts of Percentage 4 2 0 0 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 Max Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households Note: Ratios over 2 were set to 2. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2012-2016 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010. 41 Figure 40 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households by Technology as of June 30, 2017 Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater than 5 than 10 than 20 than 30 than 40 than 50 than 60 than 80 than 0 and no and no and no and no and no and no and no and no and no more more more more more more more more more than than than than than than than than 100% Technology Zero than 5% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 80% 100% or more aDSL 2.0 19.2 12.7 24.8 20.0 12.2 5.3 2.1 1.2 0.2 0.2 sDSL 98.5 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Other Wireline 98.4 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cable Modem 5.3 2.7 1.7 4.0 7.1 12.5 17.6 18.9 22.7 5.7 1.7 FTTP 50.1 17.4 5.6 8.1 5.3 4.6 3.9 2.6 2.0 0.3 0.1 Satellite 32.2 58.6 5.0 3.1 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fixed Wireless 75.0 19.3 2.6 2.0 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.9 2.1 4.6 7.8 31.2 41.3 10.8 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2012-2016 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010. 42 Figure 41 Percentage of Developed Census Blocks with Residential Fixed Service by Technology as of June 30, 2017 (Internet Access Service over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Number of Providers Seven or Technology Zero One Two Three Four Five Six More aDSL 24.9 71.4 3.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 sDSL 99.3 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Other Wireline1 99.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cable Modem 55.1 42.5 2.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 FTTP 79.6 19.7 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Satellite 0.0 0.1 2.7 97.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fixed Wireless 57.0 26.6 11.7 3.9 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 aDSL and/or Cable Modem and/or FTTP 13.9 43.2 36.9 5.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 Any Technology 0.0 0.1 0.3 6.2 18.0 41.5 21.7 12.3 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Other Wireline. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. The number of providers in a census block does not necessarily reflect the number of choices available to a particular household, and does not purport to measure competition. Providers may list a census block on Form 477 if service can be provided to at least one location in the block. Developed census blocks are those with housing units based on the 2010 census. Sources: FCC Form 477 and Census 2010. 43 Figure 42 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by State as of June 30, 2017 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater than 0 and than 5 and than 10 and than 20 and than 30 and than 40 and than 50 and than 60 and than 80 and no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more 100% or State Counties Zero than 5% than 10% than 20% than 30% than 40% than 50% than 60% than 80% than 100% more Alabama 67 0 0 0 0 0 3 16 20 23 5 0 Alaska 29 0 0 0 0 1 3 3 0 12 7 3 American Samoa 5 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 Arizona 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 10 3 0 Arkansas 75 0 0 0 0 0 6 27 23 18 1 0 California 58 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 35 3 Colorado 64 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 6 22 19 11 Connecticut 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 Delaware 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 District of Columbia 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Florida 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 17 27 15 Georgia 159 0 0 0 1 2 9 21 29 58 32 7 Guam 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Hawaii 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 Idaho 44 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 27 10 3 Illinois 102 0 0 0 0 2 7 10 17 55 11 0 Indiana 92 0 0 0 0 1 5 5 17 53 11 0 Iowa 99 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 82 7 1 Kansas 105 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 15 68 16 0 Kentucky 120 0 0 0 0 1 2 11 26 73 7 0 Louisiana 64 0 0 0 0 1 9 13 7 28 6 0 Maine 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 9 1 Maryland 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 16 1 Massachusetts 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 3 Michigan 83 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 9 52 18 1 Minnesota 87 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 63 19 0 Mississippi 82 0 0 1 0 1 16 32 16 13 3 0 Missouri 115 0 0 0 0 3 5 11 22 63 10 1 Montana 56 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 34 16 1 Nebraska 93 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 19 59 4 0 44 Figure 42 - Continued Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households by State as of June 30, 2017 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to County Households Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater than 0 and than 5 and than 10 and than 20 and than 30 and than 40 and than 50 and than 60 and than 80 and no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more 100% or State Counties Zero than 5% than 10% than 20% than 30% than 40% than 50% than 60% than 80% than 100% more Nevada 17 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 8 4 0 New Hampshire 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 2 New Jersey 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 17 2 New Mexico 33 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 5 19 2 1 New York 62 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 38 20 4 North Carolina 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 54 26 6 North Dakota 53 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 32 15 0 Northern Mariana Isl 4 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 Ohio 88 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 9 59 17 0 Oklahoma 77 0 0 0 0 1 5 11 27 31 2 0 Oregon 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 16 16 1 Pennsylvania 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 22 3 Puerto Rico 78 0 0 0 0 2 12 24 30 10 0 0 Rhode Island 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 South Carolina 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 11 20 5 2 South Dakota 66 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 45 10 1 Tennessee 95 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 26 49 9 1 Texas 254 0 0 0 0 1 10 31 62 113 33 4 Utah 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 12 10 6 Vermont 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 7 4 Virgin Islands 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 Virginia 134 0 0 0 1 1 6 15 19 59 31 2 Washington 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 15 20 1 West Virginia 55 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 4 41 7 0 Wisconsin 72 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 50 18 3 Wyoming 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 16 3 1 Total 3,234 4 0 1 2 25 110 285 487 1601 621 98 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2012-2016 ACS 5-year estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2010 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands). 45 Figure 43 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State as of June 30, 2017 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater than 0 and than 5 and than 10 and than 20 and than 30 and than 40 and than 50 and than 60 and than 80 and no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more 100% or State Tracts Zero than 5% than 10% than 20% than 30% than 40% than 50% than 60% than 80% than 100% more Alabama 1,179 4 0 1 4 18 88 155 194 418 233 64 Alaska 167 3 0 0 2 7 3 4 9 51 73 15 American Samoa 18 2 0 0 1 6 6 1 0 0 1 1 Arizona 1,526 14 7 7 14 11 25 53 119 415 595 266 Arkansas 686 1 0 0 10 15 65 116 135 213 105 26 California 8,036 56 2 7 8 19 52 101 292 2,064 4,576 859 Colorado 1,249 14 1 0 1 3 10 24 41 306 628 221 Connecticut 829 2 0 0 0 2 1 7 36 151 507 123 Delaware 215 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 10 52 102 47 District of Columbia 179 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 13 58 77 28 Florida 4,199 40 0 0 2 4 20 80 161 881 1,878 1,133 Georgia 1,964 11 2 0 5 12 73 138 190 589 698 246 Guam 56 7 2 2 3 0 2 4 3 11 8 14 Hawaii 326 14 0 0 3 3 5 5 11 63 156 66 Idaho 298 0 0 1 0 2 3 5 18 142 108 19 Illinois 3,121 6 1 0 11 34 60 193 299 1,107 1,257 153 Indiana 1,508 4 2 0 6 22 37 107 200 633 424 73 Iowa 825 3 0 0 1 0 4 21 76 516 182 22 Kansas 770 11 0 0 0 3 10 39 96 314 232 65 Kentucky 1,115 10 1 1 11 13 32 79 167 468 302 31 Louisiana 1,136 12 1 0 6 27 71 107 153 409 309 41 Maine 351 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 127 152 61 Maryland 1,394 9 0 0 0 0 17 37 68 285 800 178 Massachusetts 1,471 11 1 0 0 2 2 15 32 298 899 211 Michigan 2,767 28 1 1 13 39 108 207 247 815 1,142 166 Minnesota 1,335 4 0 0 3 4 6 30 60 560 591 77 Mississippi 661 4 0 1 1 29 97 141 114 181 81 12 Missouri 1,393 5 0 0 11 21 46 112 179 478 456 85 Montana 271 2 0 0 1 0 2 7 19 112 108 20 Nebraska 532 4 0 0 0 0 6 23 44 250 160 45 46 Figure 43 - Continued Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State as of June 30, 2017 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction to Tract Households Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater than 0 and than 5 and than 10 and than 20 and than 30 and than 40 and than 50 and than 60 and than 80 and no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more 100% or State Tracts Zero than 5% than 10% than 20% than 30% than 40% than 50% than 60% than 80% than 100% more Nevada 683 5 0 2 2 5 7 16 44 171 315 116 New Hampshire 294 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 43 182 62 New Jersey 2,004 11 0 0 1 1 4 8 25 368 1,223 363 New Mexico 499 2 3 2 7 13 12 38 60 209 127 26 New York 4,900 71 1 1 16 11 19 68 170 1,542 2,408 593 North Carolina 2,183 21 1 0 0 5 16 72 207 856 796 209 North Dakota 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 15 115 48 21 Northern Mariana Isl 22 2 0 0 0 2 7 3 6 2 0 0 Ohio 2,946 6 0 0 3 12 49 164 304 1,202 1,074 132 Oklahoma 1,046 2 2 2 11 32 49 135 180 350 205 78 Oregon 827 2 0 0 0 0 6 15 33 232 465 74 Pennsylvania 3,217 20 1 0 3 10 9 53 173 1,310 1,412 226 Puerto Rico 903 23 23 34 104 149 140 146 73 78 35 98 Rhode Island 241 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 57 149 32 South Carolina 1,097 11 0 0 1 11 33 96 131 376 318 120 South Dakota 222 0 0 1 1 0 4 9 12 117 66 12 Tennessee 1,497 21 1 0 7 22 53 113 215 572 401 92 Texas 5,253 43 1 1 24 83 192 424 705 1,568 1,574 638 Utah 588 4 2 2 1 0 0 4 8 181 322 64 Vermont 184 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 37 93 52 Virgin Islands 29 0 0 0 1 2 1 5 7 8 2 3 Virginia 1,895 23 0 0 6 16 52 90 160 453 850 245 Washington 1,446 2 1 0 0 5 6 23 30 281 870 228 West Virginia 484 0 1 2 3 6 11 34 66 216 118 27 Wisconsin 1,393 3 1 0 2 3 5 42 98 642 545 52 Wyoming 132 1 0 0 0 1 1 4 10 62 47 6 Total 73,767 559 59 68 310 686 1,530 3,386 5,732 23,015 30,485 7,937 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2012-2016 ACS 5-year estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2010 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands). 47 SECTION 5 CORRELATED RESULTS: DEMOGRAPHIC MEASURES Table of Contents Figure 44 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Income Deciles as of June 30, 2017 ........... 49 Figure 45 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Density Deciles as of June 30, 2017 ........... 50 Figure 46 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share of Population with a College Degree (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2017............................................................................... 51 Figure 47 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Average Age of County Population (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2017............................................................................... 52 Figure 48 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share of White Alone (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2017 ........................................................................................................... 53 Figure 49 Subscribership Ratios by Technology and Tract Household Density as of June 30, 2017 ........................................................................................................... 54 Figure 50 Average Subscribership Ratios by Income and Household Density as of June 30, 2017 ........................................................................................................... 55 48 Figure 44 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Income Deciles as of June 30, 2017 Subscribership Ratio Average 0.51 0.58 0.63 0.66 0.68 0.69 0.72 0.73 0.78 0.86 Median 0.51 0.58 0.64 0.66 0.69 0.69 0.73 0.74 0.79 0.89 1.0 Max 0.9 0.8 Q3 Median 0.7 Q1 0.6 0.5 Subscribership Ratio 0.4 0.3 0.2 Min 0.1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Lower Income Median Household Income by Decile Higher Income Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in the income decile. Some of the features are labeled, but note also that + denotes the position of the average residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is any data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2012-2016 ACS 5-year Estimates; Census 2010. 49 Figure 45 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Density Deciles as of June 30, 2017 Subscribership Ratio Average 0.68 0.66 0.60 0.60 0.63 0.65 0.70 0.74 0.79 0.78 Median 0.69 0.67 0.61 0.61 0.62 0.65 0.69 0.73 0.80 0.83 1.0 Max 0.9 0.8 Q3 Median 0.7 Q1 0.6 0.5 Subscribership Ratio 0.4 0.3 Min 0.2 0.1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Lower Density County Household Density by Decile Higher Density Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in the density decile. Some of the features are labeled, but note also that + denotes the position of the average residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is any data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2012-2016 ACS 5-year Estimates; Census 2010. 50 Figure 46 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share of Population with a College Degree (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2017 Subscribership Ratio Average 0.53 0.57 0.61 0.64 0.66 0.69 0.71 0.75 0.81 0.87 Median 0.54 0.58 0.63 0.65 0.67 0.70 0.72 0.75 0.81 0.89 1.0 Max 0.9 Q3 0.8 Median 0.7 Q1 0.6 0.5 Subscribership Ratio 0.4 0.3 0.2 Min 0.1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Lower Share County Share of College Graduates by Decile Higher Share Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in the share decile. Some of the features are labeled, but note also that + denotes the position of the average residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is a data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2012-2016 ACS 5-year Estimates; Census 2010. 51 Figure 47 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Average Age of County Population (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2017 Subscribership Ratio Average 0.73 0.73 0.68 0.66 0.65 0.66 0.64 0.66 0.69 0.74 Median 0.76 0.75 0.69 0.67 0.65 0.67 0.65 0.66 0.69 0.73 1.0 Max 0.9 0.8 Q3 0.7 Median 0.6 Q1 0.5 Subscribership Ratio 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 Min 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Lower Average Age County Average Age by Decile Higher Average Age Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in the average age decile. Some of the features are labeled, but note also that + denotes the position of the average residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is a data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2012-2016 ACS 5-year Estimates; Census 2010. 52 Figure 48 Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share White Alone (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2017 Subscribership Ratio Average 0.58 0.66 0.69 0.72 0.73 0.72 0.71 0.70 0.69 0.65 Median 0.56 0.65 0.70 0.73 0.74 0.72 0.71 0.70 0.69 0.65 1.0 Max 0.9 0.8 Q3 0.7 Median Q1 0.6 0.5 Subscribership Ratio 0.4 0.3 0.2 Min 0.1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Lower Share County Share White Alone by Decile Higher Share Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction for counties in each race decile. Counties were grouped into deciles based on the share of the county population that reported their race as white alone. Some of the features are labeled, but note also that + denotes the position of the average residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is a data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2012-2016 ACS 5-year Estimates; Census 2010. 53 Figure 49 Subscribership Ratios by Technology and Tract Household Density as of June 30, 2017 (Residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Percentage High-Speed Fixed of Residential Connections 10 0 Lowest Density Highest Density aDSL Cable Modem FTTP Satellite Fixed Wireless This chart shows subscribership ratios by technology and household density. Tracts were grouped into 100 density percentiles based on households per square mile, calculated as the ratio of estimated tract households to tract land area from the Census Bureau. For each percentile, the height of the bar represents the household-weighted average ratio of residential fixed connections to households across tracts in the percentile. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2012-2016 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010. 54 Figure 50 Average Subscribership Ratios by Income and Household Density as of June 30, 2017 (Residential fixed connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction by Tract) 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Highest Income Highest Density Lowest Income Lowest Density This chart shows subscribership ratios by household density and income quantiles. Tracts were grouped into 400 density/income quantiles based on households per square mile, calculated as the ratio of estimated tract households to tract land area, and median household income. For each quantile, the height of the grid represents the household-weighted average ratio of residential fixed connections to households across tracts in the decile. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2012-2016 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010. 55 Technical Notes General The information presented in this report is based on data from FCC Form 477. Through Form 477, facilities-based broadband providers submit information to the FCC about where they offer and have subscribers to Internet access services over 200 kilobits per second (kbps) in at least one direction. In June 2013, the Commission adopted several changes to Form 477.1 Detailed information about those changes and about the Form 477 reporting requirements in general is available at www.fcc.gov/form477. Due to technical difficulties in 2014 with the redesigned Form 477 filing interface, the filing deadline for Form 477 data as of June 30, 2014 was moved to December 11, 2014. Because of that delay, the Commission staff were not able to perform their typical process of identifying anomalies or errors in the data, following up with filers, and requesting updates to the data where appropriate  a process which usually generates a significant number of corrections and hence a more accurate Form 477 data set. Form 477 collects information about Internet access connections in service to end-user locations that are advertised to deliver information to and/or from the end user  that is, in at least one direction  at transfer rates (speeds) above 200 kilobits per second (kbps). Information is collected about the number of connections by the advertised speeds associated with each product subscribed to in the relevant geographic area, census tracts for fixed and states for mobile. Fixed providers report connections by the maximum advertised upload and download speeds, while mobile providers report connections by minimum advertised upload and download speeds. Fixed connections are further categorized by the technology employed by the part of the connection that terminates at the end-user location. Wherever a number of providers is cited in this report, multiple Form 477 filers within a holding company structure count as one provider.  End users are residential, business, institutional, or government entities who use services for their own purposes and who do not resell such services to other entities. Facilities-based providers report information about connections they provide directly to their own end-user customers and also connections that they provide to Internet Service Providers for resale to end users. For Form 477 purposes, the facilities-based provider of a connection is the entity that owns the portion of the physical facility that terminates at the end-user location, obtains an unbundled network element (UNE), special access line, or other leased facility that terminates at the end-user location and provisions/equips it as a connection that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction, or provisions/equips a wireless channel that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction to the end-user location over licensed spectrum or over spectrum that the provider uses on an unlicensed basis. The mutually exclusive Form 477 technology categories are: asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (aDSL in this report); symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (sDSL); other copper wireline; cable modem; optical carrier / fiber to the end user; satellite; terrestrial fixed wireless (using licensed or unlicensed spectrum); mobile wireless; and all other (which is included to capture deployment of additional technologies over time). In the Form 477 data collection, aDSL-based services delivered over fiber-to-the-node architecture are reported in the aDSL category. The other wireline category comprises T1/DS1, T3/DS3, and other copper-based connections, not elsewhere categorized, that deliver Internet access service at the end-user 1 Modernizing the FCC Form 477 Data Program, WC Docket No. 11-10, Report and Order, 28 FCC Rcd 9887 (2013). See also High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31, 2014 (March 2016) at 1-2, available at https://www.fcc.gov/reports-research/reports/internet-access-services-reports/internet-access-services- reports. 56 location. Ethernet connections delivering Internet access service are reported in the other wireline category if the connection terminates over copper and in the FTTP category if the connection terminates over fiber. Connections deployed over hybrid fiber-coax (HFC) architecture are reported in the cable modem category. Wireless ISPs (WISPs) report in the fixed wireless category if providing service to dispersed, fixed end-user locations and report in the mobile wireless category if providing a commercial service that can be received at any location within a service footprint. Wireless local area networks (such as Wi-Fi hotspots) that only enable local distribution and sharing of a premises connection are not included, although the shared premises connection is included. Numbers of connections presented in this report are not adjusted for the number of persons at a single end-user location who have access to, or who use, the Internet access services delivered over the connection to that location. Numbers of residential connections are estimated based on the total connections and percentage- residential connections information reported on Form 477. Census tracts Since the collection of data as of December 31, 2008, facilities-based providers of reportable fixed- location Internet access connections have been reporting connection counts at the census tract level of detail. Facilities-based mobile wireless providers report connection counts by state rather than census tract. The census tract-level data summarized in this report were collected for tracts in the 2010 decennial census. For the purposes of this report, there are 73,767 census tracts because we exclude census tracts delineated specifically to cover large bodies of water. About 110 of the census tracts have population but no households because the population resides in group living quarters. For the purpose of estimating residential subscribership rates by census tract, we assume these census tracts have no reportable residential Internet access service because persons residing in group quarters would have Internet access over a business connection provided to the operator of the group quarters. Therefore, these census tracts are included in the  zero column. Ratios of residential fixed-location connections to households that exceed 100% We estimate the share of households with fixed-location connections in individual census tracts by taking the ratio of the reported number of fixed-location residential service connections to the estimated number of households. We continue to find  outlier estimates at or above 100% and to find that the number of outliers is substantially reduced when estimates are made for individual counties rather than for individual census tracts. Possible explanations of ratios at or above 100% include: (1) geocoding misallocations of service locations to census tracts; (2) proper allocation of connections to the county level by some filers, but improper allocation of all connections to a single tract in the county; (3) possible overestimation of residential connections in service plans for which the customer base is primarily residential; and (4) connections at seasonally or occasionally occupied housing units, such as vacation homes, while the household is counted elsewhere. The numbers of households in census tracts that were used to generate the estimated ratios are themselves estimates (from Census 2011-2015 ACS 5-year estimates), which could have an independent effect. 57 Maps showing residential subscribership rates by census tract The two maps based on estimated Internet access connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction per 1,000 households (that is, estimated household subscribership rates) exclude all connections identified as business connections and necessarily exclude residential mobile wireless connections (which are reported for the state but not for individual census tracts). 58 Glossary Term Definition aDSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line: A digital local loop typically using copper facilities and providing greater bandwidth in one direction than the other. Cable modem service A service which offers customers access to the Internet over a cable system. Downstream speed Speed of transmission from the Internet to the end user. End users Residential, business, institutional, or government entities who use services for their own purposes and who do not resell such services to other entities. Facilities-based provider Entity that owns the portion of the physical facility that terminates at the end-user location, obtains an unbundled network element (UNE), special access line, or other leased facility that terminates at the end-user location and provisions/equips it as a connection that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction, or provisions/equips a wireless channel that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction to the end-user location over licensed spectrum or over spectrum that the provider uses on an unlicensed basis. Fixed wireless A radio communication service between specified fixed points. Fixed technologies All technologies other than terrestrial mobile wireless. FTTH or FTTP Fiber to the Home (Premises): A network access architecture in which optical fiber is deployed all the way to the customer s home (premises). Internet access service Service that provides end users access to the Internet. ISPs Internet Service Providers: Companies or organizations that provide Internet access service (see above). Mobile wireless service A radio communication service between mobile and fixed stations, or between mobile stations. Mobile wireless provider Provider of mobile wireless service (see above). Other wireline All copper-wire based technologies other than DSL technologies; Ethernet over copper and T-1 are examples. Power line Internet access service delivered over electric power transmission lines. Satellite communications A telecommunications service provided via one or more satellite relays and their associated uplinks and downlinks. sDSL Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line: DSL technology that provides equal bandwidth for both uploads and downloads. Speed tiers Sub-groupings defined by ranges of upstream speeds and downstream speeds. Upstream speed Speed of transmission from the end user to the Internet. Wi-Fi hotspot Wireless Fidelity: Generic term referring to any type of IEEE 802.11 wireless network. A hotspot is a small geographic area in which users 59 can gain access to a Wi-Fi network which in turn connects to the Internet. Wireless service Telephone, Internet, data, and other services provided to customers through the transmission of signals over networks of radio towers. Wireless service provider Provider of wireless service (see above). WISP Wireless ISP: A company that provides end users with wireless access to the Internet, most commonly by using radio spectrum designated for unlicensed use. 60 Customer Response Publication: Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2017 You can help us provide the best possible information to the public by completing this form and returning it to the Industry Analysis and Technology Division of the FCC's Wireline Competition Bureau. 1. Please check the category that best describes you: ____ press ____ current telecommunications carrier ____ potential telecommunications carrier ____ business customer evaluating vendors/service options ____ consultant, law firm, lobbyist ____ other business customer ____ academic/student ____ residential customer ____ FCC employee ____ other federal government employee ____ state or local government employee ____ Other (please specify) 2. 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