Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 Industry Analysis Division Office of Economics and Analytics August 2023 This report is available for reference in the FCC’s Reference Information Center, 45 L Street NE, Washington, DC 20554. Copies may be purchased by contacting Best Copy and Printing, Inc., 45 L Street NE, Washington, DC 20554, telephone (800) 378-3160, or via their website at www.bcpiweb.com. The report can also be downloaded from the Voice Telephone Services Reports webpage at www.fcc.gov/voice-telephone-services-report. To discuss the information presented in this report, please call (202) 418-0940 or send an e-mail to OEA-IADreports@fcc.gov. Table of Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 Comparison to Local Telephone Competition Report ................................................................................... 1 Retail Voice Telephone Service Connections .................................................................................................. 2 Figure 1 Retail Voice Telephone Service Connections, 2019-2022 ........................................................ 2 Figure 2 Wireline Retail Voice Telephone Service Connections by Technology, Regulatory Status, and Customer Type as of June 30, 2022 ..................................................... 3 Retail Service Relationships ............................................................................................................................. 4 Figure 3 Interconnected VoIP Subscribership by Reported Service Features, Regulatory Status, and Customer Type as of June 30, 2022 ..................................................... 5 Figure 4 Retail Relationships of Wireline Voice Telephone Service with Internet Access Service by Regulatory Status as of June 30, 2022 ........................................... 6 Detailed Voice Telephone Services Data ........................................................................................................ 7 Table 1 Voice Subscriptions – Total for the United States .................................................................... 8 Table 2 Number of Providers Reporting Voice Subscriptions – Total for the United States ............... 10 Table 3 Residential Wireline Voice Telephone Service Connections and Households by State as of June 30, 2022 .................................................................................................... 12 Table 4 Mobile Voice Telephone Service Subscriptions and Population by State as of June 30, 2022 .................................................................................................... 13 Technical Notes ................................................................................................................................................ 14 Glossary ............................................................................................................................................................ 15 Materials Available on the FCC Website (https://www.fcc.gov/voice-telephone-services-report) Table 1 Voice Subscriptions – Total for the United States Table 2 Number of Providers Reporting Voice Subscriptions – Total for the United States Table 3 Residential Wireline Voice Telephone Service Connections and Households by State as of June 30, 2022 Table 4 Mobile Voice Telephone Service Subscriptions and Population by State as of June 30, 2022 Table S.1 Voice Subscriptions – State Table S.2 Number of Providers Reporting Voice Subscriptions – State Table S.3 Fixed Voice Subscriptions – County Table S.4 Voice Subscriptions – Back to 2008 Table S.5 Number of Providers Reporting Voice Subscriptions – Back to 2014 Table S.6 Crosswalk to Local Telephone Competition: Status as of December 31, 2013 report Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 Introduction The Commission has used FCC Form 477 to collect subscribership information from providers of voice telephone services – incumbent local exchange carriers (ILECs), competitive local exchange carriers (CLECs), and mobile voice providers – since December 1999.1 The Commission has required interconnected Voice over Internet Protocol (“interconnected VoIP”) service providers to report subscribership information since December 2008.2 Also, starting with the data reported for 2014, FCC Form 477 has been modified to distinguish “over-the-top” (colloquially, “bring your own broadband”) interconnected VoIP subscriptions from other interconnected VoIP subscriptions.3 Comparison to Local Telephone Competition Report This report was previously titled Local Telephone Competition. Reports under the earlier title summarized FCC Form 477 data through December 31, 2013. Reports under the current title provide much of the summarized data as supplemental spreadsheet files, available at https://www.fcc.gov/voice-telephone-services-report. A crosswalk between data elements in this report and data elements in the Local Telephone Competition report is available at that page. 1 An Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier is an entity that was providing local exchange telephone service in a particular area on February 8, 1996, the date on which the Telecommunications Act of 1996 was enacted into law. See 47 C.F.R. § 51.5. 2 The FCC’s rules (at 47 C.F.R. § 9.3) state: An interconnected Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) service is a service that: (1) Enables real-time, two-way voice communications; (2) Requires a broadband connection from the user’s location; (3) Requires Internet protocol-compatible customer premises equipment; and (4) Permits users generally to receive calls that originate on the public switched telephone network and to terminate calls to the public switched telephone network. We note that the current interpretation of element (4) of the definition excludes certain VoIP services (e.g., those offered by Skype) and subscribers to those services are not reported on FCC Form 477. 3 The Technical Notes and the Glossary that appear at the end of this report provide more-detailed information about the current FCC Form 477 and the meaning of terms used in this report. To be consistent with modifications to FCC Form 477 adopted in 2013 (to be effective for reporting June 2014 and later data), this report no longer uses the terms “standalone VoIP” and “broadband bundle.” Standalone VoIP in the earlier, Local Telephone Competition, reports has a different meaning from “over-the-top” VoIP in this report. In particular, subscriptions reported as standalone VoIP for December 2013 and earlier dates included over-the-top subscriptions as defined in this report and also video-plus-VoIP service subscriptions sold by cable TV system operators and other entities that own last-mile facilities to end-user premises. We note that, accordingly, 13% of total interconnected VoIP subscriptions were categorized as standalone VoIP in December 2013 and, by contrast, 10% of total interconnected VoIP subscriptions were categorized as over-the-top VoIP in December 2014. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 1 Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 Retail Voice Telephone Service Connections Retail voice telephone service customers are served by two wireline technologies – end-user switched access lines and interconnected VoIP subscriptions – and by mobile wireless subscriptions.4  In June 2022, there were 27 million end-user switched access lines in service, 68 million interconnected VoIP subscriptions, and 367 million mobile subscriptions, for a total of 462 million retail voice telephone service connections in the United States. See Figure 1.  Over the three-year period presented in Figure 1, interconnected VoIP subscriptions increased at a compound annual growth rate of 0.7%, mobile voice subscriptions increased at a compound annual growth rate of 1.4%, and retail switched access lines declined at a compound annual growth rate of 12.9% per year.5 Figure 1 Retail Voice Telephone Service Connections, 2019 – 2022 (in thousands) 500,000 450,000 400,000 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 Jun 2019 Dec 2019 Jun 2020 Dec 2020 Jun 2021 Dec 2021 Jun 2022 Mobile Voice Subscriptions 351,474 355,763 348,234 352,522 357,225 361,675 366,688 Interconnected VoIP Subscriptions 66,531 68,032 67,837 67,378 67,118 67,716 68,035 Retail Switched Access Lines 41,224 38,742 36,796 34,422 32,471 29,499 27,207 Note: Some previously published data may have been updated as FCC Form 477 filers revise their data.  Of the 95 million wireline retail voice telephone service connections (including both switched access lines and interconnected VoIP subscriptions) in June 2022, 41 million (or 43%) were residential connections and 55 million (or 57%) were business connections.6 See Figure 2.  We believe mobile voice subscriptions decreased by 2% between December 2019 and June 2020 due to a change in accounting procedures by one or more providers. 4 The presentation of mobile wireless telephone subscriber counts in this report does not constitute, or imply, Commission analysis of the extent to which wireline and mobile wireless telephone services are demand substitutes or complements in general or in any particular situation. 5 The compound annual growth rate is a smoothed rate of growth calculated in three steps. First, divide the ending value by the beginning value. Second, raise the result of that division to a power equal to one divided by the number of years in the period (in this case, 3 years, so the power is 1/3). Third, subtract the number one from the result of the second step. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 2 Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 Figure 2 Wireline Retail Voice Telephone Service Connections by Technology, Regulatory Status, And Customer Type as of June 30, 2022 (in thousands) Total Switched Access Interconnected Total Lines VoIP ILEC 21,352 10,433 31,785 Non-ILEC 5,855 57,602 63,457 Total 27,207 68,035 95,242 Residential ILEC 10,465 5,904 16,370 Non-ILEC 699 23,548 24,247 Residential Total 11,164 29,453 40,617 Business ILEC 10,887 4,529 15,416 Non-ILEC 5,157 34,053 39,210 Business Total 16,043 38,582 54,625 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. A voice-service affiliate of an ILEC that is operating outside of the ILEC’s traditional service area (“study area”) is a Non-ILEC. Residential ILEC, VoIP, 14.5 % ILEC, Switched, 25.8 % Non-ILEC, Switched, 1.7 % Non-ILEC, VoIP, 58.0 % Business ILEC, VoIP, 8.3% Non-ILEC, Switched, ILEC, Switched, 9.4% 19.9% Non-ILEC, VoIP, 62.3% U.S. Federal Communications Commission 3 Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2022  Cross-classified by technology and the retailer’s regulatory status in Figure 2, the 41 million wireline residential connections in June 2022 were: 25.8% ILEC switched access lines, 58.0% non-ILEC interconnected VoIP subscriptions, 14.5% ILEC interconnected VoIP subscriptions, and 1.7% non-ILEC switched access lines. Similarly, the 55 million wireline business connections were: 19.9% ILEC switched access lines, 62.3% non-ILEC interconnected VoIP subscriptions, 8.3% ILEC interconnected VoIP subscriptions, and 9.4% non-ILEC switched access lines. Retail Service Relationships Respondents submit two types of information about retail service relationships on the current FCC Form 477.  Interconnected VoIP service retailers distinguish over-the-top (“OTT”) interconnected VoIP subscriptions— where the end user accesses the service using a broadband connection from an entity that is not affiliated with the VoIP service retailer—from all other interconnected VoIP subscriptions.7 See Figure 3.  Retailers of switched access lines and retailers of interconnected VoIP service distinguish between sales to end users who also purchase Internet access from them (including affiliates) and those who do not. See Figure 4. 7 A broadband connection may or may not provide the end user with internet access. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 4 Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 Figure 3 Interconnected VoIP Subscribership by Reported Service Features, Regulatory Status, and Customer Type as of June 30, 2022 (in thousands) Total Over-the-Top All Other Total (OTT) VoIP ILEC 60 10,373 10,433 Non-ILEC 19,599 38,002 57,602 Total 19,659 48,375 68,035 Residential ILEC 1 5,903 5,904 Non-ILEC 1,656 21,892 23,548 Residential Total 1,658 27,795 29,453 Business ILEC 58 4,470 4,529 Non-ILEC 17,943 16,110 34,053 Business Total 18,001 20,581 38,582 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Residential ILEC, All Other, 20.0% Non-ILEC, All Other, 74.3% Non-ILEC, OTT, 5.6% ILEC, OTT, 0.0% Business Non-ILEC, OTT, 46.5% ILEC, All Other, 11.6% ILEC, OTT, 0.2% Non-ILEC, All Other, 41.8% U.S. Federal Communications Commission 5 Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 Figure 4 Retail Relationships of Wireline Voice Telephone Service with Internet Access Service By Regulatory Status as of June 30, 2022 (in thousands) Total ILEC Non-ILEC Total Switched Access Lines 21,352 5,855 27,207 Over-the-Top VoIP 60 19,599 19,659 All Other VoIP 10,373 38,002 48,375 Total 31,785 63,457 95,242 Sold with Internet Switched Access Lines 8,050 2,072 10,122 Over-the-Top VoIP 0 0 0 All Other VoIP 9,987 33,404 43,391 Total 18,037 35,476 53,513 Sold without Internet Switched Access Lines 13,302 3,783 17,085 Over-the-Top VoIP 60 19,599 19,659 All Other VoIP 386 4,598 4,984 Total 13,748 27,981 41,729 Note: Figures may not sum totals due to rounding. ILEC Only Voice Sold 43.3% Switched Access Lines & Internet 25.3% VoIP & Internet 31.4% Non-ILEC Only Voice Sold 44.1% Switched Access Lines & Internet 3.3% VoIP & Internet 52.6% U.S. Federal Communications Commission 6 Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 Detailed Voice Telephone Services Data  Table 1 summarizes national-level voice telephone service subscription data for June and December 2021, and for June 2022 for individual data elements collected by FCC Form 477.  Table 2 shows the number of entities that reported subscription data for the same time periods.  Table 3 shows residential wireline voice telephone service connections by state for June 2022.  Table 4 shows mobile voice telephone service subscriptions by state for June 2022. Tables 1, 2, 3, and 4 are available in Excel format at https://www.fcc.gov/voice-telephone-services-report. Also available at that page are:  State-level Subscriptions table in Excel format (data back to June 2021)  State-level Number of Providers table in Excel format (data back to June 2021)  County-level Subscription information in Excel format (data back to June 2014)  CSV-format file of the consistent data series that are available back to December 2008, when interconnected VoIP retailers were first required to report subscription information on FCC Form 477. Earlier data, back to December 1999, are available in the Local Telephone Competition reports at https://www.fcc.gov/general/local-telephone-competition-reports. However, researchers using the complete data series for trend analysis should be aware of the following discontinuities in the data.  Between December 1999 and December 2004, FCC Form 477 collected state-by-state data only from local exchange carriers with at least 10,000 end-user switched access lines in service in the state, and from facilities-based mobile voice carriers with at least 10,000 mobile voice subscriptions in service in the state.  Prior to December 2008, interconnected VoIP service retailers were not required to submit FCC Form 477, but an unknown amount of interconnected VoIP service was included along with the switched access lines reported by some FCC Form 477 filers.  As discussed earlier in this report, the category standalone interconnected VoIP that was reported from December 2008 to December 2013 is different (that is, includes more subscriptions) than the category over- the-top interconnected VoIP that is reported starting with the June 2014 data.8 8 See footnote 3, above. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 7 Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 Table 1. Voice Subscriptions (in thousands) - Total for the United States June Dec June Reference Data element 2021 2021 2022 1 Mobile telephony 357,225 361,675 366,688 2   Directly-billed or prepaid 307,097 322,540 328,950 3   Not directly-billed or prepaid 50,128 39,135 37,738 4 Wireline End-User Switched Access Lines and Interconnected VoIP Subscriptions 99,589 97,215 95,242 5   Incumbent LECs 36,385 33,980 31,785 6   Other (Non-ILECs) - Note: ILEC voice-service affiliate operating outside ILEC's study area is included here. 63,204 63,235 63,457 7   Consumer-grade service 45,765 42,928 40,617 8   Incumbent LECs 19,016 17,474 16,370 9   Other (Non-ILECs) 26,749 25,455 24,247 10   Business & Government-grade service 53,824 54,286 54,625 11   Incumbent LECs 17,370 16,506 15,416 12   Other (Non-ILECs) 36,455 37,780 39,210 13 Local exchange telephone service (Switched Access Lines) 32,471 29,499 27,207 14   Incumbent LECs 25,286 23,067 21,352 15   Other (Non-ILECs) - Note: ILEC voice-service affiliate operating outside ILEC's study area is included here. 7,185 6,432 5,855 16   Consumer-grade service 13,148 11,907 11,164 17   Incumbent LECs 12,372 11,202 10,465 18   Other (Non-ILECs) 776 705 699 19   Business & Government-grade service 19,323 17,592 16,043 20   Incumbent LECs 12,914 11,865 10,887 21   Other (Non-ILECs) 6,409 5,726 5,157 22 Interconnected VoIP Subscriptions - Note:  Includes both Over-the-top (OTT) and All Other sub-categories. 67,118 67,716 68,035 23   Incumbent LECs 11,099 10,913 10,433 24   Other (Non-ILECs) - Note: ILEC voice-service affiliate operating outside ILEC's study area is included here. 56,018 56,803 57,602 25   Consumer-grade service 32,617 31,021 29,453 26   Incumbent LECs 6,644 6,272 5,904 27   Other (Non-ILECs) 25,973 24,749 23,548 28   Business & Government-grade service 34,501 36,695 38,582 29   Incumbent LECs 4,456 4,641 4,529 30   Other (Non-ILECs) 30,045 32,054 34,053 31 Over-the-top interconnected VoIP 15,697 17,325 19,659 32   Incumbent LECs 69 57 60 33   Other (Non-ILECs) - Note: ILEC voice-service affiliate operating outside ILEC's study area is included here. 15,628 17,269 19,599 34   Consumer-grade service 1,874 1,609 1,658 35   Incumbent LECs 0 2 1 36   Other (Non-ILECs) 1,873 1,607 1,656 37   Business & Government-grade service 13,823 15,717 18,001 38   Incumbent LECs 69 55 58 39   Other (Non-ILECs) 13,755 15,662 17,943 40 All Other interconnected VoIP 51,421 50,391 48,375 41   Incumbent LECs 11,030 10,856 10,373 42   Other (Non-ILECs) - Note: ILEC voice-service affiliate operating outside ILEC's study area is included here. 40,390 39,534 38,002 43   Consumer-grade service 30,743 29,413 27,795 44   Incumbent LECs 6,643 6,270 5,903 45   Other (Non-ILECs) 24,100 23,143 21,892 46   Business & Government-grade service 20,678 20,978 20,581 47   Incumbent LECs 4,387 4,586 4,470 48   Other (Non-ILECs) 16,291 16,392 16,110 49 Local exchange telephone service by last-mile delivery medium 32,471 29,499 27,207 50   Fiber-to-the-premises 4,660 4,377 3,955 51   Incumbent LECs 2,793 2,626 2,429 52   Other (Non-ILECs) 1,868 1,750 1,526 53   Coaxial cable 438 406 405 54   Incumbent LECs 66 61 70 55   Other (Non-ILECs) 372 345 335 U.S. Federal Communications Commission 8 Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 Table 1. Voice Subscriptions (in thousands) - Total for the United States June Dec June Reference Data element 2021 2021 2022 56   Terrestrial fixed wireless 46 22 16 57   Incumbent LECs 13 12 11 58   Other (Non-ILECs) 33 10 5 59   Copper local loop 27,327 24,694 22,832 60   Incumbent LECs 22,414 20,367 18,842 61   Other (Non-ILECs) 4,913 4,327 3,990 62 All Other interconnected VoIP by last-mile delivery medium 51,421 50,391 48,375 63   Fiber-to-the-premises 10,277 10,408 9,283 64   Incumbent LECs 5,592 5,512 4,705 65   Other (Non-ILECs) 4,684 4,896 4,578 66   Coaxial cable 29,445 28,055 27,248 67   Incumbent LECs 16 14 14 68   Other (Non-ILECs) 29,429 28,041 27,234 69   Terrestrial fixed wireless or satellite 226 591 199 70   Incumbent LECs 1 2 1 71   Other (Non-ILECs) 225 590 199 72   Copper local loop 11,473 11,336 11,645 73   Incumbent LECs 5,421 5,328 5,653 74   Other (Non-ILECs) 6,052 6,008 5,991 75 Non-Incumbent LEC local exchange telephone service by means of provisioning 7,185 6,432 5,855 76   Provided over owned last-mile facilities 2,829 2,588 2,279 77   Provided over UNE-L obtained from unaffiliated entity 1,014 571 475 78   Provided over other services obtained from unaffiliated entity 3,342 3,272 3,102 79 Incumbent LEC local exchange telephone service provided to unaffiliated carriers for resale 3,368 3,078 2,845 80   Wholesale lines 2,338 2,197 2,130 81   UNE-L 1,030 881 715 82 Local exchange telephone service and long-distance service 32,471 29,499 27,207 83   Consumer-grade service 13,148 11,907 11,164 84   Incumbent LEC is preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 8,403 7,445 6,716 85   Incumbent LEC is not preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 3,969 3,757 3,749 86   Non-ILEC is preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 647 625 612 87   Non-ILEC is not preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 129 81 86 88   Business & Government-grade service 19,323 17,592 16,043 89   Incumbent LEC is preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 7,331 6,719 6,105 90   Incumbent LEC is not preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 5,583 5,147 4,782 91   Non-ILEC is preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 4,822 4,416 4,033 92   Non-ILEC is not preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 1,587 1,310 1,124 93 End user buys local exchange telephone service and Internet access service from same entity 12,241 10,908 10,122 94   End user buys both services from incumbent LEC or affiliates 9,828 8,557 8,050 95   End user buys both services from Non-ILEC or affiliates 2,413 2,351 2,072 96 End user buys interconnected VoIP and Internet access service from same entity 45,625 45,231 43,391 97   End user buys both services from incumbent LEC or affiliates 10,077 10,382 9,987 98   End user buys both services from Non-ILEC or affiliates 35,548 34,849 33,404 U.S. Federal Communications Commission 9 Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 Table 2. Number of Providers Reporting Voice Subscriptions - Total for the United States June Dec June Reference Data element 2021 2021 2022 1 Mobile telephony 61 60 59 2   Directly-billed or prepaid 58 55 57 3   Not directly-billed or prepaid 10 12 9 4 Wireline End-User Switched Access Lines and Interconnected VoIP Subscriptions 2,261 2,299 2,342 5   Incumbent LECs 711 707 708 6   Other (Non-ILECs) - Note: ILEC voice-service affiliate operating outside ILEC's study area is included here. 1,893 1,937 1,987 7   Consumer-grade service 1,314 1,314 1,350 8   Incumbent LECs 711 707 707 9   Other (Non-ILECs) 934 940 986 10   Business & Government-grade service 2,180 2,225 2,262 11   Incumbent LECs 708 704 705 12   Other (Non-ILECs) 1,804 1,858 1,902 13 Local exchange telephone service (Switched Access Lines) 952 937 918 14   Incumbent LECs 707 702 702 15   Other (Non-ILECs) - Note: ILEC voice-service affiliate operating outside ILEC's study area is included here. 511 497 488 16   Consumer-grade service 861 837 830 17   Incumbent LECs 707 702 702 18   Other (Non-ILECs) 408 386 388 19   Business & Government-grade service 938 924 908 20   Incumbent LECs 703 698 699 21   Other (Non-ILECs) 495 483 475 22 Interconnected VoIP Subscriptions - Note:  Includes both Over-the-top (OTT) and All Other sub-categories. 1,751 1,802 1,860 23   Incumbent LECs 179 190 200 24   Other (Non-ILECs) - Note: ILEC voice-service affiliate operating outside ILEC's study area is included here. 1,681 1,733 1,786 25   Consumer-grade service 719 741 788 26   Incumbent LECs 102 113 123 27   Other (Non-ILECs) 664 682 730 28   Business & Government-grade service 1,665 1,725 1,774 29   Incumbent LECs 175 183 191 30   Other (Non-ILECs) 1,594 1,657 1,704 31 Over-the-top interconnected VoIP 1,190 1,223 1,279 32   Incumbent LECs 39 37 44 33   Other (Non-ILECs) - Note: ILEC voice-service affiliate operating outside ILEC's study area is included here. 1,174 1,208 1,260 34   Consumer-grade service 214 198 243 35   Incumbent LECs 12 12 22 36   Other (Non-ILECs) 207 192 230 37   Business & Government-grade service 1,144 1,186 1,227 38   Incumbent LECs 38 35 41 39   Other (Non-ILECs) 1,129 1,172 1,209 40 All Other interconnected VoIP 830 855 854 41   Incumbent LECs 167 182 185 42   Other (Non-ILECs) - Note: ILEC voice-service affiliate operating outside ILEC's study area is included here. 765 787 786 43   Consumer-grade service 576 610 615 44   Incumbent LECs 96 107 111 45   Other (Non-ILECs) 524 553 563 46   Business & Government-grade service 773 800 804 47   Incumbent LECs 163 176 177 48   Other (Non-ILECs) 707 732 740 49 Local exchange telephone service by last-mile delivery medium 952 937 918 50   Fiber-to-the-premises 777 768 762 51   Incumbent LECs 633 633 636 52   Other (Non-ILECs) 383 379 377 53   Coaxial cable 88 86 82 54   Incumbent LECs 25 27 27 55   Other (Non-ILECs) 73 70 68 U.S. Federal Communications Commission 10 Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 Table 2. Number of Providers Reporting Voice Subscriptions - Total for the United States June Dec June Reference Data element 2021 2021 2022 56   Terrestrial fixed wireless 90 74 71 57   Incumbent LECs 50 43 44 58   Other (Non-ILECs) 53 43 42 59   Copper local loop 698 663 654 60   Incumbent LECs 519 490 485 61   Other (Non-ILECs) 301 293 283 62 All Other interconnected VoIP by last-mile delivery medium 830 855 854 63   Fiber-to-the-premises 604 633 652 64   Incumbent LECs 157 172 174 65   Other (Non-ILECs) 544 571 589 66   Coaxial cable 206 193 186 67   Incumbent LECs 14 14 13 68   Other (Non-ILECs) 199 187 182 69   Terrestrial fixed wireless or satellite 286 289 286 70   Incumbent LECs 11 16 14 71   Other (Non-ILECs) 278 279 279 72   Copper local loop 207 214 204 73   Incumbent LECs 65 68 66 74   Other (Non-ILECs) 171 179 167 75 Non-Incumbent LEC local exchange telephone service by means of provisioning 511 497 488 76   Provided over owned last-mile facilities 393 378 381 77   Provided over UNE-L obtained from unaffiliated entity 94 87 84 78   Provided over other services obtained from unaffiliated entity 177 171 160 79 Incumbent LEC local exchange telephone service provided to unaffiliated carriers for resale 23 24 32 80   Wholesale lines 20 23 29 81   UNE-L 12 10 11 82 Local exchange telephone service and long-distance service 952 937 918 83   Consumer-grade service 861 837 830 84   Incumbent LEC is preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 661 657 660 85   Incumbent LEC is not preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 652 646 642 86   Non-ILEC is preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 379 362 362 87   Non-ILEC is not preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 277 265 267 88   Business & Government-grade service 938 924 908 89   Incumbent LEC is preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 658 652 658 90   Incumbent LEC is not preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 637 630 626 91   Non-ILEC is preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 453 441 431 92   Non-ILEC is not preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 322 313 326 93 End user buys local exchange telephone service and Internet access service from same entity 879 860 842 94   End user buys both services from incumbent LEC or affiliates 697 688 689 95   End user buys both services from Non-ILEC or affiliates 442 425 416 96 End user buys interconnected VoIP and Internet access service from same entity 768 770 779 97   End user buys both services from incumbent LEC or affiliates 156 167 175 98   End user buys both services from Non-ILEC or affiliates 707 709 713 U.S. Federal Communications Commission 11 Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 Table 3: Residential Wireline Voice Telephone Service Connections and Households by State as of June 30, 2022 (Connections and households, in thousands) Switched Access Interconnected VoIP Total State Households Connections Ratio Connections Ratio Connections Ratio Alabama 1,903 171 0.09 358 0.19 528 0.28 Alaska 261 * * * * 68 0.26 American Samoa 10 6 0.62 - 0.00 6 0.62 Arizona 2,684 169 0.06 396 0.15 565 0.21 Arkansas 1,158 126 0.11 118 0.10 244 0.21 California 13,218 1,086 0.08 3,385 0.26 4,471 0.34 Colorado 2,228 214 0.10 425 0.19 639 0.29 Connecticut 1,397 107 0.08 559 0.40 666 0.48 Delaware 381 23 0.06 179 0.47 202 0.53 District of Columbia 310 21 0.07 70 0.23 91 0.29 Florida 8,157 394 0.05 2,053 0.25 2,447 0.30 Georgia 3,885 397 0.10 760 0.20 1,158 0.30 Guam 42 * * * * * * Hawaii 478 70 0.15 121 0.25 191 0.40 Idaho 657 88 0.13 40 0.06 127 0.19 Illinois 4,930 331 0.07 1,020 0.21 1,351 0.27 Indiana 2,623 228 0.09 429 0.16 658 0.25 Iowa 1,276 228 0.18 162 0.13 391 0.31 Kansas 1,140 102 0.09 152 0.13 254 0.22 Kentucky 1,748 283 0.16 287 0.16 570 0.33 Louisiana 1,749 133 0.08 300 0.17 433 0.25 Maine 571 97 0.17 155 0.27 252 0.44 Maryland 2,294 160 0.07 841 0.37 1,001 0.44 Massachusetts 2,714 159 0.06 1,172 0.43 1,331 0.49 Michigan 3,977 247 0.06 918 0.23 1,165 0.29 Minnesota 2,229 337 0.15 337 0.15 673 0.30 Mississippi 1,109 91 0.08 136 0.12 227 0.20 Missouri 2,434 215 0.09 421 0.17 636 0.26 Montana 436 79 0.18 71 0.16 150 0.34 Nebraska 767 117 0.15 108 0.14 224 0.29 Nevada 1,142 70 0.06 215 0.19 286 0.25 New Hampshire 540 71 0.13 208 0.38 279 0.52 New Jersey 3,397 176 0.05 1,576 0.46 1,751 0.52 New Mexico 798 126 0.16 95 0.12 222 0.28 New York 7,530 486 0.06 2,969 0.39 3,455 0.46 North Carolina 4,035 417 0.10 947 0.23 1,364 0.34 North Dakota 317 59 0.19 24 0.08 84 0.27 Northern Mariana Islands 16 7 0.44 * * * * Ohio 4,754 451 0.09 1,023 0.22 1,475 0.31 Oklahoma 1,504 124 0.08 180 0.12 305 0.20 Oregon 1,658 180 0.11 315 0.19 494 0.30 Pennsylvania 5,148 570 0.11 1,672 0.32 2,243 0.44 Puerto Rico 1,197 * * * * * * Rhode Island 427 26 0.06 135 0.32 161 0.38 South Carolina 1,976 231 0.12 379 0.19 610 0.31 South Dakota 346 69 0.20 30 0.09 99 0.29 Tennessee 2,665 272 0.10 447 0.17 718 0.27 Texas 10,239 598 0.06 1,636 0.16 2,234 0.22 Utah 1,034 82 0.08 145 0.14 227 0.22 Vermont 263 77 0.29 71 0.27 148 0.56 Virgin Islands 30 9 0.30 0 0.00 9 0.30 Virginia 3,249 300 0.09 892 0.27 1,192 0.37 Washington 2,932 297 0.10 608 0.21 905 0.31 West Virginia 711 129 0.18 162 0.23 291 0.41 Wisconsin 2,402 274 0.11 491 0.20 765 0.32 Wyoming 231 32 0.14 33 0.14 65 0.28 United States 125,305 11,164 0.09 29,453 0.24 40,617 0.32 - = Rounds to Zero; * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Notes: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Total fixed voice connections equal the sum of switched access lines and interconnected VoIP subscriptions. We calculate residential fixed voice connections per household using, in the denominator, U.S. household estimates from the 2017-2021 ACS 5-year estimates and, for Puerto Rico and the other inhabited island areas, Census 2010 households. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 12 Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 Table 4: Mobile Voice Telephone Service Subscriptions and Population by State as of June 30, 2022 (Connections and population, in thousands) Directly-Billed Not Directly-Billed Total State Population Subscriptions Ratio Subscriptions Ratio Subscriptions Ratio Alabama 4,998 4,906 0.98 418 0.08 5,324 1.07 Alaska 736 724 0.98 28 0.04 752 1.02 American Samoa 56 * * * * * * Arizona 7,079 7,073 1.00 536 0.08 7,609 1.07 Arkansas 3,006 3,003 1.00 319 0.11 3,322 1.11 California 39,455 41,486 1.05 4,449 0.11 45,935 1.16 Colorado 5,723 5,541 0.97 642 0.11 6,184 1.08 Connecticut 3,605 3,692 1.02 439 0.12 4,130 1.15 Delaware 982 986 1.00 117 0.12 1,104 1.12 District of Columbia 683 1,459 2.14 234 0.34 1,694 2.48 Florida 21,340 21,477 1.01 2,402 0.11 23,879 1.12 Georgia 10,626 10,891 1.02 1,086 0.10 11,978 1.13 Guam 159 173 1.09 0 0.00 173 1.09 Hawaii 1,453 1,462 1.01 162 0.11 1,624 1.12 Idaho 1,812 1,730 0.95 121 0.07 1,850 1.02 Illinois 12,822 12,787 1.00 1,626 0.13 14,413 1.12 Indiana 6,751 6,053 0.90 914 0.14 6,967 1.03 Iowa 3,179 3,100 0.98 183 0.06 3,284 1.03 Kansas 2,932 2,810 0.96 195 0.07 3,005 1.02 Kentucky 4,494 3,984 0.89 555 0.12 4,538 1.01 Louisiana 4,657 4,505 0.97 580 0.12 5,085 1.09 Maine 1,357 1,254 0.92 140 0.10 1,394 1.03 Maryland 6,149 6,083 0.99 680 0.11 6,763 1.10 Massachusetts 6,992 6,969 1.00 855 0.12 7,824 1.12 Michigan 10,063 9,447 0.94 1,364 0.14 10,811 1.07 Minnesota 5,670 5,445 0.96 574 0.10 6,020 1.06 Mississippi 2,967 2,801 0.94 246 0.08 3,046 1.03 Missouri 6,142 5,667 0.92 723 0.12 6,389 1.04 Montana 1,078 1,041 0.97 84 0.08 1,125 1.04 Nebraska 1,951 1,939 0.99 166 0.09 2,104 1.08 Nevada 3,059 3,023 0.99 286 0.09 3,309 1.08 New Hampshire 1,372 1,285 0.94 154 0.11 1,440 1.05 New Jersey 9,234 9,640 1.04 1,232 0.13 10,872 1.18 New Mexico 2,109 2,064 0.98 201 0.10 2,265 1.07 New York 20,115 20,557 1.02 3,381 0.17 23,938 1.19 North Carolina 10,367 9,717 0.94 1,381 0.13 11,098 1.07 North Dakota 773 789 1.02 34 0.04 824 1.07 Northern Mariana Islands 54 * * * * * * Ohio 11,770 11,135 0.95 1,603 0.14 12,738 1.08 Oklahoma 3,948 3,577 0.91 363 0.09 3,941 1.00 Oregon 4,207 4,010 0.95 523 0.12 4,534 1.08 Pennsylvania 12,971 12,310 0.95 1,556 0.12 13,866 1.07 Puerto Rico 3,311 2,978 0.90 459 0.14 3,437 1.04 Rhode Island 1,092 1,056 0.97 108 0.10 1,164 1.07 South Carolina 5,079 4,693 0.92 506 0.10 5,199 1.02 South Dakota 882 866 0.98 41 0.05 908 1.03 Tennessee 6,859 6,700 0.98 661 0.10 7,361 1.07 Texas 28,863 29,119 1.01 2,527 0.09 31,646 1.10 Utah 3,231 2,927 0.91 341 0.11 3,267 1.01 Vermont 642 542 0.84 80 0.12 622 0.97 Virgin Islands 106 * * * * * * Virginia 8,582 8,612 1.00 756 0.09 9,368 1.09 Washington 7,617 7,376 0.97 812 0.11 8,188 1.07 West Virginia 1,801 1,474 0.82 175 0.10 1,649 0.92 Wisconsin 5,872 5,248 0.89 678 0.12 5,926 1.01 Wyoming 577 598 1.04 37 0.06 636 1.10 United States 333,412 328,950 0.99 37,738 0.11 366,688 1.10 - = Rounds to Zero; * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Notes: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Directly-billed subscriptions are those where the customer is directly billed by the facilities-based provider. Total mobile voice subscriptions equal the sum of subscriptions that are directly-billed and those that are not. We calculate mobile voice subscriptions per person using, in the denominator, U.S. population estimates from the 2017-2021 ACS 5-year estimates and, for Puerto Rico and the other inhabited island areas, Census 2010 populations. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 13 Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 Technical Notes Detailed information about the current FCC Form 477 reporting requirements is available at https://www.fcc.gov/general/form-477-resources-filers. Counting lines and subscribers  FCC Form 477 counts both switched access lines and interconnected VoIP subscriptions as the maximum number of calls that may be active, simultaneously, from the end user’s location under the purchased service plan. All VoIP subscriptions discussed in this report are interconnected VoIP subscriptions.  FCC Form 477 data may not count all VoIP phone connections to Internet Protocol Private Branch Exchange (IP PBX) equipment that is owned by business end users because of the variety of ways the IP PBX may connect to the public switched telephone network. Holding company-subsidiary relationships  When counting service providers that report voice telephone service in a particular geography, we count a holding company or common-control entity no more than once in any specified sub-category of total providers.  Nationwide counts of providers are unique counts for any specified sub-category of total providers (for example, all non-ILECs or all interconnected VoIP providers); an entity operating in multiple states is counted only once. ILEC-CLEC affiliations  If a CLEC is affiliated with an ILEC and reports some end-user switched access lines or interconnected VoIP subscriptions in the ILEC’s service area in the state, then the switched access lines or interconnected VoIP subscriptions reported by the CLEC are allocated between the ILEC and non-ILEC categories based on staff estimates. Mobile voice subscriptions  Commercial mobile radio service carriers that own or operate wireless networks report both their retail voice service subscriptions and the retail subscriptions of the mobile voice service resellers that use their network. Mobile voice service resellers do not file FCC Form 477.  Providers may assign subscriptions to a particular state based on the area code of the device’s telephone number, or by using some other method that best reflects the subscriber’s location, such as a billing address of the device’s place of primary use address. UNE-Platform lines replaced by commercial agreements  UNE-Platform (UNE-P) was the combination of ILEC loop UNE, switching UNE, and transport UNE. The Commission directed CLECs to migrate their retail customers served by UNE-P to an alternative arrangement within 12 months of the effective date of the Triennial Review Remand Order, that is, by March 11, 2006. See C.F.R. § 51.319(d)(2)(ii). Such lines are reported on FCC Form 477 as ILEC wholesale lines provided to unaffiliated providers for resale. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 14 Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 Glossary Term Definition All Other interconnected Interconnected VoIP service other than OTT interconnected VoIP. (See VoIP the definition of OTT VoIP, below.) Broadband connection A wired line or wireless channel that terminates at an end-user location and enables the end user to receive information from and/or send information to the Internet at information transfer rates exceeding 200 kilobits per second in at least one direction. Circuit switching A method of completing electronic communications in which a transmission path is established for dedicated use by a communication; the basis of the public switched telephone network. Coaxial cable The technology widely used by cable system operators to terminate their services at the end user’s premises. Copper local loop The technology widely used by telephone companies to terminate their service at the end user’s premises. CLEC Competitive Local Exchange Carrier: A local exchange carrier (LEC) that operates within the traditional service area of an unaffiliated incumbent LEC. End users Residential, business, institutional, or government entities that use services for their own purposes and who do not resell such services to other entities. Fixed wireless service A radio communication service between specified fixed points. FTTP or FTTH Fiber to the Premises (Home): A network access architecture in which optical fiber is deployed all the way to the customer’s premises (home). Internet access service Service that provides end users access to the Internet. ILEC Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier: A company or cooperative that was providing telephone service in a localized area, typically on a monopoly basis, prior to enactment of the Telecommunications Act of 1996. Internet protocol or IP A language and set of formal rules that govern how packets transit the Internet. Interconnected VoIP A service that enables real-time, two-way voice communications; requires a broadband connection from the user’s location; requires Internet- protocol compatible customer premises equipment; and permits users generally to receive calls that originate on the public switched telephone network and to terminate calls to the public switched telephone network. LEC Local Exchange Carrier: A company that provides telephone service within a localized area and access services that connect its customers to long-distance (Interexchange Carrier) networks. Local loop The physical connection between the customer’s premises and the telephone company’s local switching office, typically provided using copper, fiber, or a combination of copper and fiber facilities. Mobile wireless service A radio communication service between mobile and fixed stations, or between mobile stations. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 15 Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 Non-ILEC Any provider of communications services who does not have ILEC regulatory status. A voice-service affiliate of an ILEC that is operating outside the ILEC’s traditional service area (“study area”) is a Non-ILEC. OTT interconnected VoIP Over-the-top interconnected VoIP: Service delivered to the end-user customer’s premises over a high-capacity connection that the customer obtains (that is, buys), or has the use of, from an entity not affiliated with the interconnected VoIP service provider. (Colloquially, “bring-your- own-broadband.”) PBX Private Branch Exchange: A communications switch that is owned or leased by the service provider’s end-user customer and generally located on the customer’s premises. Packet switching A method of completing electronic communications in which the information is disassembled into discrete packets that are transmitted independently and later reassembled; IP is an example. Retail wireline voice Switched access lines and interconnected VoIP subscriptions for which an telephone service end user is the customer. Switched access line A service connection between an end user and the local telephone company’s switch; the basis of plain old telephone service (POTS). UNE Unbundled Network Element: A physical or functional element of an ILEC network that must be provided to a CLEC at a cost-based price, as provide for in the Telecommunications Act of 1996. UNE-L UNE-Loop: An ILEC unbundled local loop provided to a CLEC at a cost-based price. Wholesale switched access Local telephone service provided to an unaffiliated telephone company, lines which resells the service to end users; typically provided by an ILEC to a CLEC. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 16 Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2022