Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 Industry Analysis Division Office of Economics & Analytics May 2024 This report is available for reference in the FCC’s Reference Information Center, 45 L Street NE, Washington, DC 20554. Copies may be purchased by contacting Best Copy and Printing, Inc., 45 L Street NE, Washington, DC 20554, telephone (800) 378-3160, or via their website at www.bcpiweb.com. The report can also be downloaded from the Internet Access Services Reports webpage at https://www.fcc.gov/internet-access- services-reports. To discuss the information in this report, please call (202) 418-0940 or send an e-mail to OEA-IADreports@fcc.gov. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Section 1: Overview & Highlights ......................................................................................................... 2 Section 2: Summary Statistics – Broadband Availability .................................................................... 11 Section 3: Summary Statistics – The Nation ....................................................................................... 18 Section 4: Summary Statistics - The States ......................................................................................... 42 Section 5: Summary Statistics - Counties and Census Tracts .............................................................. 52 Section 6: Correlated Results - Demographic Measures ...................................................................... 61 Technical Notes .................................................................................................................................... 68 Glossary ................................................................................................................................................ 70 1 INTRODUCTION This report summarizes information about Internet access in the United States as of June 30, 2022, as collected by FCC Form 477 and the Broadband Data Collection (BDC). For purposes of this report, Internet access is defined as a service that allows information to be sent to or received from the Internet with a speed of at least 200 kilobits per second. See the Technical Notes at the end of this report for more-detailed information about these data collections and the meaning of terms used in this report. Section 1 of this report presents an overview of the information collected by FCC Form 477 and the BDC. Section 2 of this report presents statistics on Internet access availability and the remainder of the report includes data on total and residential Internet access connections by downstream and upstream speed, by technology, by geography, and over time. Section 3 of the report presents nationwide statistics, Section 4 provides state-level data, and Section 5 includes data on the subscribership differences among counties and census tracts.1 In addition, Section 6 of the report includes an analysis of the correlations between subscribership ratios and various demographic measures. The National Broadband Map displays where internet access services are available across the United States and can be viewed online at broadbandmap.fcc.gov. Additional maps depicting the number of fixed connections per 1,000 households by census tract are available online at fcc.gov/internet-access-services-reports. Other publicly-available data that are too voluminous to include in this report are available online at fcc.gov/general/fcc-form-477-additional-data. ___________________________________ 1 The Commission began collecting census tract-level data for data as of December 31, 2008. See High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31, 2008 (February 2010) at 1-4, available at fcc.gov/encyclopedia/high-speed-services-internet-access-reports (December 2008 High-Speed Report). U.S. Federal Communications Commission 1 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 SECTION 1 OVERVIEW & HIGHLIGHTS Table of Contents Total Connections ................................................................................................................................. 3 Figure 1 Fixed and Mobile Connections 2018-2022 ................................................................ 3 Connections by Speed ........................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 2(a) Distribution of Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed ....................................... 4 Figure 2(b) Distribution of Fixed Connections by Upstream Speed ............................................ 5 Figure 3 Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed 2018-2022 .............................................. 6 Fixed Connections by Technology ....................................................................................................... 7 Figure 4 Fixed Connections by Technology ............................................................................ 7 Concentration by Geography ............................................................................................................... 8 Figure 5 Median Herfindahl-Hirschman Index by Geography 2018-2022 .............................. 8 Number of Providers by Location ....................................................................................................... 9 Figure 6 Percentages of Developed Census Blocks in which Providers Report Deployment of Residential Fixed Broadband ................................................ 9 Other Report Highlights ..................................................................................................................... 10 U.S. Federal Communications Commission 2 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 2 Total Connections As shown in Figure 1, total connections increased by about 3.4% between June 2021 and June 2022 to 517 million. Mobile connections increased 3.7% year-over-year to 391 million in June 2022, while fixed connections grew to 126 million – up about 2.4% from June 2021. Figure 1 Fixed and Mobile Connections 2018-2022 550 517.0 510.2 500.3 500 490.9 125.8 126.4 480.2 123.4 466.3 121.3 459.3 118.5 451.1 114.3 112.7 450 429.0 110.8 109.2 400 384.4 390.7 376.8 369.6 361.7 350 352.0 340.3 346.6 319.8 300 250 Connections Millions in 200 150 100 50 0 Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 2021 2021 2022 Fixed Mobile Note: Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Connections include both residential and business connections. We believe mobile connections remain underreported by as much as 2% through June 2018 due to inadequate accounting of connections sold by mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs). Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 3 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 3 Fixed Connections - Downstream Speeds Figure 2(a) illustrates how the 126 million fixed connections reported for June 2022 were distributed across five groups of downstream speeds defined by breakpoints at 10 Mbps, 25 Mbps, 100 Mbps, and 940 Mbps. See Figure 14 for more detail. Figure 2(a) Distribution of Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed as of June 30, 2022 15.1% 4.1% 5.9% 16.5% 58.5% Downstream Speed Less than 10 Mbps (5.2 million) At least 10 Mbps & less than 25 Mbps (7.4 million) At least 25 Mbps & less than 100 Mbps (20.8 million) At least 100 Mbps & less than 940 Mbps (73.9 million) At least 940 Mbps (19.0 million) Note: Numbers may not sum to total due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 4 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 4 Fixed Connections - Upstream Speeds Figure 2(b) illustrates how the 126 million fixed connections reported for June 2022 were distributed across five groups of upstream speeds defined by breakpoints at 1 Mbps, 3 Mbps, 20 Mbps, and 500 Mbps. See Figure 14 for more detail. Figure 2(b) Distribution of Fixed Connections by Upstream Speed as of June 30, 2022 10.6% 3.2% 5.8% 33.7% 46.7% Upstream Speed Less than 1 Mbps (4.0 million) At least 1 Mbps & less than 3 Mbps (7.4 million) At least 3 Mbps & less than 20 Mbps (59.0 million) At least 20 Mbps & less than 500 Mbps (42.6 million) At least 500 Mbps (13.4 million) Note: Numbers may not sum to total due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 5 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 5 Fixed Connections - Downstream Speed Over Time Figure 3 illustrates how the composition of total fixed connections by different downstream speed groups has changed from 2018 to 2022. Figure 3 Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed 2018-2022 125.8 126.4 123.4 121.3 16.7 19.0 118.5 14.1 12.0 112.7 114.3 8.6 110.8 109.2 6.0 4.6 66.6 69.0 70.7 71.8 49.7 56.6 59.7 64.1 73.9 100 28.1 50 24.4 Connections Millions in 24.1 22.1 23.6 22.6 22.8 22.9 20.8 16.1 14.7 13.9 13.1 11.2 10.3 9.0 8.3 12.9 7.4 11.5 10.4 9.0 8.4 7.4 6.8 6.1 5.2 0 Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 2021 2021 2022 At least 940 Mbps At least 100 Mbps and less than 940 Mbps At least 25 Mbps and less than 100 Mbps At least 10 Mbps and less than 25 Mbps Less than 10 Mbps Note: Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. The percentage of fixed connections with a downstream speed of at least 100 Mbps has grown from 48% (or 52 million connections) in June 2018 to 74% (or 93 million connections) in June 2022. Over the same period, the percentage of fixed connections with downstream speeds of less than 10 Mbps has decreased from 12% (or 13 million connections) in June 2018 to about 4% (or about 5 million connections) in June 2022. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 6 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 6 Fixed Connections by Technology In addition to bandwidths, Form 477 also collects the technology used to deliver services to the end-user's location. Beginning with data as of June 30, 2022, Form 477 classifies all fixed connections into six mutually exclusive technology categories: • Copper Wire • Coaxial Cable (hybrid fiber-coaxial) • Optical Carrier (fiber to the premises) • Satellite • Fixed Wireless • Other Figure 4 illustrates how fixed connections are distributed across technologies for data as of June 2022. Throughout this report, connections reported as 'Other' are aggregated with the 'Copper Wire' category for confidentiality reasons and for ease of reporting. See Technical Notes at the end of this report for a description of each technology and how these categories have changed over time. Figure 4 Fixed Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2022 Coaxial Cable Copper Wire 63.3% 12.4% Fixed Wireless 2.9% Satellite 1.6% Optical Carrier 19.8% Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 7 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 7 Concentration by Geography Figure 5 presents the national, median state-, median county-, and median tract-level Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) for residential fixed connections of at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream from 2018 to 2022. To calculate the HHI for a specific geographic area, we take the share of fixed connections reported by each provider in that area, square those shares, and then sum the resulting value over all providers in the area.1 Figure 5 Median Herfindahl-Hirschman Index by Geography 2018-2022 (residential fixed connections of at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream) 10,000 8,994 8,806 8,291 8,436 8,000 7,740 7,551 7,430 7,195 7,518 7,102 7,048 7,185 6,954 6,739 6,314 6,549 6,000 6,349 5,704 4,000 3,479 3,216 3,328 3,247 Herfindahl-Hirschman Index Herfindahl-Hirschman 3,099 2,982 3,066 3,085 3,080 2,000 1,302 1,378 1,323 1,269 1,204 1,163 1,171 1,179 1,199 0 Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 2021 2021 2022 Nation State County Census Tract Note: Areas without at least one connection are excluded from this analysis. Some previously-published data may have been revised. Source: FCC Form 477. For the period shown above, the median HHI for census tracts has declined by almost 30% and a similar decline is observed for counties. In June 2022, the median HHI for census tracts is about 11% larger than that of counties and 94% larger than that of states. These differences suggest that many providers are regional and serve relatively small geographic areas. The nationwide HHI and the median state HHI have been relatively constant, reflecting a relative stability in the distribution of market shares across broad geographic areas. ___________________________________ 1 HHIs can range from 0 to 10,000 with larger HHIs implying higher levels of concentration and smaller HHIs implying lower levels of concentration. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 8 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 8 Number of Providers by Location In Figure 6, we show the percentage of units in Broadband Serviceable Locations (BSLs) with zero, one, two, or three or more fixed broadband providers offering Internet access services at different speeds in June 2022. This figure is based on fixed broadband availability data reported to the FCC through the Broadband Data Collection (BDC). Additional information about the BDC can be found in the Technical Notes section of this report. Individuals can download the underlying data and explore the National Broadband Map here: http://broadbandmap.fcc.gov. Figure 6 Percentages of Broadband Serviceable Locations in which Providers Reported Availability of Terrestrial Fixed Broadband as of June 30, 2022 100 58 52 19 4 33 90 80 36 70 60 62 50 28 37 40 26 30 20 Percentage of Units in BroadbandPercentage in of Locations Units Serviceable 16 13 10 8 4 0 At least 10 Mbps At least 25 Mbps At least 100 Mbps At least 940 Mbps downstream and at least downstream and at least downstream and at least downstream and at least 1 Mbps upstream* 3 Mbps upstream* 20 Mbps upstream 500 Mbps upstream 0 Providers 1 Provider 2 Providers 3+ Providers * Satellite service providers are excluded from this analysis. Satellite service providers report offering Internet access at bandwidths of at least 25 Mbps downstream and 3 Mbps upstream in 100.0% of Broadband Servicable Locations. Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection. As of June 2022, approximately 92% of units in BSLs had at least one provider report the availability of a terrestrial fixed broadband service with speeds of at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream. Alternatively, about 4% of units did not have any provider report offering terrestrial fixed broadband with speeds of at least 25 Mbps downstream and 3 Mbps upstream. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 9 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 9 Other Highlights Include: Typical Speeds • The median downstream speed of all reported fixed connections was 300 Mbps and the median upstream speed was 10 Mbps. For residential fixed connections, the median downstream speed was 300 Mbps and the median upstream speed was 10 Mbps. See Figures 35 and 36. • The median downstream speed of all reported mobile connections was 14 Mbps and the median upstream speed was 2 Mbps. For residential mobile connections, the median downstream speed was 16 Mbps and the median upstream speed was 2 Mbps. See Figures 37 and 38. Residential Connections • Residential fixed connections increased by about 2.7% between June 2021 and June 2022, to about 117 million. See Figure 12. • Residential (non-business) mobile connections on mobile devices with data plans for full Internet access increased by about 7.7%, to 325 million, between June 2021 and June 2022. See Figure 12. • Approximately 96% of residential fixed connections had a speed of at least 10 Mbps downstream and 1 Mbps upstream in June 2022, while 90% had a speed of at least 25 Mbps downstream and 3 Mbps upstream. About 42% of all residential fixed connections had a speed of at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream. See Figure 15. • As a national average in June 2022, there were about 89 residential fixed connections with speeds of at least 10 Mbps downstream and 1 Mbps upstream per 100 households; 84 residential fixed connections with speeds of at least 25 Mbps downstream and 3 Mbps upstream per 100 households; and 39 residential fixed connections with speeds of at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream per 100 households. See Figure 43. Census tract and county shares of households with residential fixed connections • We estimate the share of households with residential fixed connections in individual census tracts and counties as of June 30, 2022, and continue to observe substantial variation among these estimates. See Figures 48 and 51. Household subscribership rates and demographics • The report includes charts that illustrate correlations between household subscribership rates and demographic measures. We update charts based on income, household density, education and age. The data indicate that some demographic variables are correlated with Internet access subscribership rates. See Figures 54-59. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 10 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 SECTION 2 SUMMARY STATISTICS: BROADBAND AVAILABILITY Table of Contents Figure 7 Fixed Broadband Availability Measured by Location and Block as of June 30, 2022....................................................................................................... 12 Figure 8 Availability of Fixed Broadband by Speed and Technology as of June 30, 2022 ... 13 Figure 9 Availability of Terrestrial Fixed Broadband by State as of June 30, 2022 .............. 14 Figure 10 Availability of Mobile Broadband by State as of June 30, 2022 ............................. 16 U.S. Federal Communications Commission 11 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 1 Figure 7 Fixed Broadband Availability Measured by Location and Block as of June 30, 2022 (Units in thousands. Includes services of at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream) Aggregation By Location Aggregation By Block Difference Units Units Technology Total Units Covered Ratio Covered Ratio Difference Ratio Any Technology 159,463 149,161 0.94 153,670 0.96 4,510 0.03 Satellite 159,463 47,108 0.30 47,549 0.30 441 0.00 Terrestrial 159,463 146,381 0.92 151,903 0.95 5,522 0.03 Fixed Wireless 159,463 47,840 0.30 70,109 0.44 22,269 0.14 Licensed 159,463 35,754 0.22 57,086 0.36 21,331 0.13 Unlicensed 159,463 18,429 0.12 23,748 0.15 5,318 0.03 Wireline 159,463 142,859 0.90 148,572 0.93 5,713 0.04 Copper Wire1 159,463 7,510 0.05 29,504 0.19 21,994 0.14 Cable Modem 159,463 134,836 0.85 140,802 0.88 5,965 0.04 Optical Carrier 159,463 62,154 0.39 85,469 0.54 23,316 0.15 1 Other is summarized with Copper Wire. Note: The Aggregation by Location columns sum the number of units reported with terrestrial fixed broadband service of at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream. The Aggregation by Block columns attempt to replicate the methodology used prior to the BDC where an entire block was counted as served if at least one location in that block was reported as served. The Difference column shows the number of locations without service that would have been counted as served using the block-level methodology. Numbers may not sum due to rounding. Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 12 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 2 Figure 8 Availability of Fixed Broadband by Speed and Technology as of June 30, 2022 Share of units in Broadband Serviceable Locations with speeds of at least 200 kbps in 10 Mbps Down 25 Mbps Down 100 Mbps Down 940 Mbps Down Technology at least One Direction and 1 Mbps Up and 3 Mbps Up and 20 Mbps Up and 500 Mbps Up Any Technology 100.0 100.0 100.0 93.5 37.7 Satellite 100.0 100.0 100.0 29.5 0.0 Terrestrial 99.7 97.1 95.6 91.8 37.7 Fixed Wireless 99.0 70.6 68.1 30.0 1.9 Licensed 98.4 63.9 61.0 22.4 0.3 Unlicensed 25.0 24.3 22.6 11.6 1.6 Wireline 94.6 93.1 91.1 89.6 36.4 Copper Wire1 58.8 40.6 23.9 4.7 0.0 Cable Modem 85.2 85.2 85.1 84.6 0.0 Optical Carrier 39.1 39.1 39.1 39.0 36.3 1 Other is summarized with Copper Wire. Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 13 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 3 Figure 9 Availability of Terrestrial Fixed Broadband by State as of June 30, 2022 (Units in thousands) At least 200 kbps in At least 10 Mbps Down At least 25 Mbps Down At least 100 Mbps Down At least 940 Mbps Down at least One Direction and 1 Mbps Up and 3 Mbps Up and 20 Mbps Up and 500 Mbps Up State Units Units Ratio Units Ratio Units Ratio Units Ratio Units Ratio Alabama 2,698 2,687 1.00 2,423 0.90 2,353 0.87 2,197 0.81 805 0.30 Alaska 352 324 0.92 310 0.88 288 0.82 265 0.75 11 0.03 American Samoa 4 4 1.00 4 1.00 4 1.00 1 0.36 0 0.00 Arizona 3,358 3,343 1.00 3,280 0.98 3,253 0.97 3,048 0.91 962 0.29 Arkansas 1,671 1,663 1.00 1,510 0.90 1,449 0.87 1,282 0.77 543 0.33 California 15,611 15,579 1.00 15,458 0.99 15,411 0.99 15,157 0.97 4,798 0.31 Colorado 2,741 2,723 0.99 2,680 0.98 2,664 0.97 2,492 0.91 746 0.27 Connecticut 1,653 1,652 1.00 1,642 0.99 1,639 0.99 1,625 0.98 750 0.45 Delaware 507 507 1.00 503 0.99 502 0.99 474 0.94 238 0.47 District of Columbia 365 365 1.00 364 1.00 364 1.00 362 0.99 204 0.56 Florida 11,045 11,040 1.00 10,754 0.97 10,649 0.96 10,363 0.94 3,658 0.33 Georgia 4,908 4,893 1.00 4,672 0.95 4,543 0.93 4,428 0.90 1,810 0.37 Guam 16 16 1.00 16 1.00 16 1.00 13 0.85 2 0.14 Hawaii 596 595 1.00 579 0.97 578 0.97 575 0.96 212 0.36 Idaho 878 870 0.99 852 0.97 842 0.96 731 0.83 253 0.29 Illinois 6,152 6,145 1.00 6,090 0.99 6,039 0.98 5,781 0.94 1,603 0.26 Indiana 3,321 3,317 1.00 3,212 0.97 3,156 0.95 2,966 0.89 1,276 0.38 Iowa 1,695 1,695 1.00 1,694 1.00 1,673 0.99 1,543 0.91 621 0.37 Kansas 1,480 1,478 1.00 1,472 0.99 1,457 0.98 1,340 0.91 619 0.42 Kentucky 2,326 2,311 0.99 2,142 0.92 2,022 0.87 1,944 0.84 1,054 0.45 Louisiana 2,363 2,348 0.99 2,117 0.90 2,071 0.88 1,948 0.82 561 0.24 Maine 823 818 0.99 809 0.98 786 0.96 692 0.84 120 0.15 Maryland 2,731 2,730 1.00 2,689 0.98 2,681 0.98 2,628 0.96 1,466 0.54 Massachusetts 3,279 3,276 1.00 3,257 0.99 3,256 0.99 3,241 0.99 1,396 0.43 Michigan 5,171 5,154 1.00 4,881 0.94 4,762 0.92 4,582 0.89 1,196 0.23 Minnesota 2,807 2,801 1.00 2,744 0.98 2,696 0.96 2,611 0.93 1,709 0.61 Mississippi 1,585 1,578 1.00 1,335 0.84 1,272 0.80 1,196 0.75 629 0.40 Missouri 3,144 3,134 1.00 3,063 0.97 2,945 0.94 2,672 0.85 1,198 0.38 Montana 620 607 0.98 554 0.89 526 0.85 445 0.72 105 0.17 Nebraska 1,014 1,007 0.99 1,003 0.99 976 0.96 932 0.92 532 0.52 U.S. Federal Communications Commission 14 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 4 Figure 9 - Continued Availability of Terrestrial Fixed Broadband by State as of June 30, 2022 (Units in thousands) At least 200 kbps in At least 10 Mbps Down At least 25 Mbps Down At least 100 Mbps Down At least 940 Mbps Down at least One Direction and 1 Mbps Up and 3 Mbps Up and 20 Mbps Up and 500 Mbps Up State Units Units Ratio Units Ratio Units Ratio Units Ratio Units Ratio Nevada 1,381 1,379 1.00 1,368 0.99 1,364 0.99 1,342 0.97 454 0.33 New Hampshire 708 706 1.00 699 0.99 682 0.96 668 0.94 299 0.42 New Jersey 4,230 4,230 1.00 4,210 1.00 4,209 0.99 4,198 0.99 2,626 0.62 New Mexico 1,058 1,050 0.99 990 0.94 966 0.91 866 0.82 206 0.19 New York 9,169 9,144 1.00 9,033 0.99 9,010 0.98 8,987 0.98 5,349 0.58 North Carolina 5,377 5,367 1.00 5,299 0.99 5,110 0.95 4,808 0.89 1,645 0.31 North Dakota 478 476 1.00 468 0.98 467 0.98 464 0.97 256 0.54 Northern Mariana Isl 9 9 0.98 9 0.98 9 0.98 1 0.16 # 0.01 Ohio 5,881 5,875 1.00 5,783 0.98 5,726 0.97 5,516 0.94 1,999 0.34 Oklahoma 2,087 2,085 1.00 2,054 0.98 1,978 0.95 1,797 0.86 723 0.35 Oregon 2,008 1,995 0.99 1,970 0.98 1,937 0.96 1,827 0.91 755 0.38 Pennsylvania 6,389 6,372 1.00 6,154 0.96 6,071 0.95 5,993 0.94 3,004 0.47 Puerto Rico 1,604 1,600 1.00 1,591 0.99 1,587 0.99 1,558 0.97 664 0.41 Rhode Island 532 532 1.00 529 0.99 529 0.99 528 0.99 420 0.79 South Carolina 2,700 2,697 1.00 2,571 0.95 2,531 0.94 2,430 0.90 830 0.31 South Dakota 501 499 1.00 481 0.96 472 0.94 451 0.90 101 0.20 Tennessee 3,402 3,390 1.00 3,282 0.96 3,220 0.95 3,104 0.91 1,690 0.50 Texas 13,245 13,224 1.00 12,891 0.97 12,773 0.96 12,224 0.92 5,416 0.41 Utah 1,297 1,292 1.00 1,279 0.99 1,268 0.98 1,229 0.95 575 0.44 Vermont 374 374 1.00 348 0.93 331 0.88 294 0.79 103 0.27 Virgin Islands 30 29 0.99 29 0.99 29 0.99 29 0.99 0 0.00 Virginia 4,115 4,098 1.00 3,930 0.95 3,841 0.93 3,765 0.91 1,963 0.48 Washington 3,493 3,478 1.00 3,417 0.98 3,347 0.96 3,145 0.90 953 0.27 West Virginia 1,034 1,006 0.97 958 0.93 851 0.82 753 0.73 146 0.14 Wisconsin 3,134 3,126 1.00 3,067 0.98 2,961 0.94 2,602 0.83 866 0.28 Wyoming 319 314 0.98 304 0.95 299 0.94 268 0.84 51 0.16 Total 159,463 159,007 1.00 154,821 0.97 152,440 0.96 146,381 0.92 60,171 0.38 # = Rounds to Zero. Note: Satellite services are excluded from this analysis. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 15 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 5 Figure 10 Availability of Mobile Broadband by State as of June 30, 2022 (Units in thousands) At least 3G At least 4G LTE At least 5G-NR At least 5G-NR (200 Kbps Down (5 Mbps Down (7 Mbps Down (35 Mbps Down and 50 Kbps Up) and 1 Mbps Up) and 1 Mbps Up) and 3 Mbps Up) State Units Units Ratio Units Ratio Units Ratio Units Ratio Alabama 2,698 2,687 1.00 2,687 1.00 2,526 0.94 2,193 0.81 Alaska 352 341 0.97 331 0.94 275 0.78 205 0.58 American Samoa 4 4 0.99 4 0.99 0 0.00 0 0.00 Arizona 3,358 3,350 1.00 3,348 1.00 3,213 0.96 3,144 0.94 Arkansas 1,671 1,647 0.99 1,645 0.98 1,522 0.91 1,259 0.75 California 15,611 15,536 1.00 15,536 1.00 15,368 0.98 14,855 0.95 Colorado 2,741 2,721 0.99 2,719 0.99 2,597 0.95 2,473 0.90 Connecticut 1,653 1,644 1.00 1,644 1.00 1,599 0.97 1,416 0.86 Delaware 507 504 1.00 504 1.00 501 0.99 468 0.92 District of Columbia 365 365 1.00 365 1.00 365 1.00 365 1.00 Florida 11,045 10,959 0.99 10,959 0.99 10,861 0.98 10,001 0.91 Georgia 4,908 4,893 1.00 4,893 1.00 4,624 0.94 4,095 0.83 Guam 16 16 0.99 16 0.99 1 0.08 1 0.04 Hawaii 596 587 0.98 587 0.98 576 0.97 545 0.91 Idaho 878 862 0.98 861 0.98 809 0.92 715 0.81 Illinois 6,152 6,146 1.00 6,145 1.00 6,014 0.98 5,645 0.92 Indiana 3,321 3,316 1.00 3,316 1.00 3,175 0.96 2,807 0.85 Iowa 1,695 1,694 1.00 1,690 1.00 1,499 0.88 1,255 0.74 Kansas 1,480 1,479 1.00 1,479 1.00 1,373 0.93 1,199 0.81 Kentucky 2,326 2,262 0.97 2,256 0.97 1,954 0.84 1,623 0.70 Louisiana 2,363 2,359 1.00 2,359 1.00 2,259 0.96 1,976 0.84 Maine 823 804 0.98 794 0.97 697 0.85 514 0.62 Maryland 2,731 2,708 0.99 2,708 0.99 2,683 0.98 2,498 0.91 Massachusetts 3,279 3,256 0.99 3,256 0.99 3,183 0.97 2,876 0.88 Michigan 5,171 5,121 0.99 5,120 0.99 4,852 0.94 4,261 0.82 Minnesota 2,807 2,792 0.99 2,791 0.99 2,677 0.95 2,329 0.83 Mississippi 1,585 1,581 1.00 1,578 1.00 1,266 0.80 994 0.63 Missouri 3,144 3,129 1.00 3,125 0.99 2,973 0.95 2,661 0.85 Montana 620 596 0.96 595 0.96 552 0.89 461 0.74 Nebraska 1,014 1,013 1.00 1,010 1.00 666 0.66 612 0.60 U.S. Federal Communications Commission 16 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 6 Figure 10 - Continued Availability of Mobile Broadband by State as of June 30, 2022 (Units in thousands) At least 3G At least 4G LTE At least 5G-NR At least 5G-NR (200 Kbps Down (5 Mbps Down (7 Mbps Down (35 Mbps Down and 50 Kbps Up) and 1 Mbps Up) and 1 Mbps Up) and 3 Mbps Up) State Units Units Ratio Units Ratio Units Ratio Units Ratio Nevada 1,381 1,379 1.00 1,379 1.00 1,368 0.99 1,341 0.97 New Hampshire 708 704 0.99 703 0.99 559 0.79 444 0.63 New Jersey 4,230 4,213 1.00 4,213 1.00 4,193 0.99 4,032 0.95 New Mexico 1,058 1,044 0.99 1,041 0.98 998 0.94 906 0.86 New York 9,169 9,095 0.99 9,094 0.99 8,836 0.96 8,340 0.91 North Carolina 5,377 5,338 0.99 5,316 0.99 5,014 0.93 4,390 0.82 North Dakota 478 476 1.00 475 1.00 428 0.90 342 0.72 Northern Mariana Isl 9 9 0.99 9 0.98 # 0.05 # 0.01 Ohio 5,881 5,843 0.99 5,843 0.99 5,719 0.97 5,204 0.88 Oklahoma 2,087 2,083 1.00 2,082 1.00 1,980 0.95 1,792 0.86 Oregon 2,008 1,980 0.99 1,979 0.99 1,894 0.94 1,742 0.87 Pennsylvania 6,389 6,328 0.99 6,327 0.99 6,117 0.96 5,531 0.87 Puerto Rico 1,604 1,601 1.00 1,601 1.00 1,578 0.98 1,567 0.98 Rhode Island 532 527 0.99 527 0.99 522 0.98 467 0.88 South Carolina 2,700 2,691 1.00 2,691 1.00 2,530 0.94 2,247 0.83 South Dakota 501 496 0.99 496 0.99 462 0.92 392 0.78 Tennessee 3,402 3,350 0.98 3,350 0.98 3,107 0.91 2,762 0.81 Texas 13,245 13,213 1.00 13,210 1.00 12,901 0.97 12,039 0.91 Utah 1,297 1,291 1.00 1,291 1.00 1,279 0.99 1,254 0.97 Vermont 374 352 0.94 351 0.94 216 0.58 163 0.43 Virgin Islands 30 30 1.00 30 1.00 26 0.89 26 0.89 Virginia 4,115 4,065 0.99 4,056 0.99 3,702 0.90 3,214 0.78 Washington 3,493 3,446 0.99 3,445 0.99 3,345 0.96 3,095 0.89 West Virginia 1,034 905 0.88 905 0.87 792 0.77 553 0.54 Wisconsin 3,134 3,107 0.99 3,098 0.99 2,748 0.88 2,363 0.75 Wyoming 319 316 0.99 316 0.99 264 0.83 217 0.68 Total 159,463 158,253 0.99 158,147 0.99 151,236 0.95 137,869 0.86 # = Rounds to Zero. Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Broadband Data Collection. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 17 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 SECTION 3 SUMMARY STATISTICS: THE NATION Table of Contents Figure 11 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2018-2022 .......................... 20 Figure 12 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2018-2022 ................................................................................................ 20 Figure 13 Residential Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed 2018-2022 ......................... 21 Figure 14 Distribution of Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2022 .................................................................................. 22 Figure 15 Distribution of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2022........................................................................... 23 Figure 16 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2018-2022 ....................................................................................... 24 Figure 17 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2018-2022 .......................... 24 Figure 18 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2018-2022 ....................................................................................... 25 Figure 19 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2018-2022 ................................................................................................................ 25 Figure 20 Fixed Connections at least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2018-2022 ....................................................................................... 26 Figure 21 Fixed Connections at least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream 2018-2022 ................................................................................................................ 26 Figure 22 Residential Fixed Connections at least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2018-2022 ......................................................... 27 Figure 23 Residential Fixed Connections at least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream 2018-2022 .................................................................................. 27 Figure 24 Fixed Connections at least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2018-2022 ....................................................................................... 28 Figure 25 Fixed Connections at least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream 2018-2022 ................................................................................................................ 28 Figure 26 Residential Fixed Connections at least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2018-2022 ......................................................... 29 Figure 27 Residential Fixed Connections at least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream 2018-2022 .................................................................................. 29 Figure 28 Fixed Connections at least 100 Mbps Downstream and 20 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2018-2022 ....................................................................................... 30 Figure 29 Fixed Connections at least 100 Mbps Downstream and 20 Mbps Upstream 2018-2022 ................................................................................................................ 30 Figure 30 Residential Fixed Connections at least 100 Mbps Downstream and 20 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2018-2022 ....................................................... 31 U.S. Federal Communications Commission 18 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 Figure 31 Residential Fixed Connections at least 100 Mbps Downstream and 20 Mbps Upstream 2018-2022 ................................................................................ 31 Figure 32 Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2022 ....................... 32 Figure 33 Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed Tier and Technology as of June 30, 2022 .................................................................................................. 33 Figure 34 Residential Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed Tier and Technology as of June 30, 2022 .................................................................................................. 34 Figure 35 Distribution of Downstream Speeds of Fixed Connections 2018-2022 .................. 35 Figure 36 Distribution of Upstream Speeds of Fixed Connections 2018-2022 ....................... 36 Figure 37 Distribution of Downstream Speeds of Mobile Connections 2018-2022 ................ 37 Figure 38 Distribution of Upstream Speeds of Mobile Connections 2018-2022 ..................... 38 Figure 39 Distribution of Downstream Speeds of Fixed Connections by Technology 2018-2022 ....................................................................................... 39 Figure 40 Distribution of Upstream Speeds of Fixed Connections by Technology 2018-2022 ....................................................................................... 40 Figure 41 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2018-2022 ............................................................... 41 Figure 42 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction Selected Technology 2018-2022 ...................................................... 41 U.S. Federal Communications Commission 19 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 7 Figure 11 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2018-2022 (in thousands) 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 428,980 451,060 459,350 466,320 480,200 490,890 500,260 510,200 517,046 Mobile 319,780 340,280 346,600 352,010 361,740 369,640 376,840 384,420 390,684 Fixed 109,210 110,780 112,740 114,310 118,460 121,250 123,430 125,780 126,362 Note: We believe mobile connections remain underreported by as much as 2% through June 2018 due to inadequate accounting of connections sold by mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs). Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. Figure 12 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2018-2022 (in thousands) 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 358,850 378,290 383,620 388,360 403,230 407,650 415,260 436,580 441,672 Mobile 259,110 276,940 280,490 283,640 294,300 296,030 301,680 320,780 325,057 Fixed 99,742 101,350 103,130 104,720 108,920 111,620 113,580 115,790 116,615 Note: We believe mobile connections remain underreported by as much as 2% through June 2018 due to inadequate accounting of connections sold by mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs). Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 20 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 8 Figure 13 Residential Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed 2018-2022 115.8 116.6 113.6 18.0 111.6 16.1 13.6 108.9 11.5 104.7 8.3 103.1 101.3 5.7 99.7 4.4 100 3.3 63.0 64.9 66.2 56.6 60.6 67.0 69.2 47.5 54.1 50 Connections Millions in 24.6 21.0 20.9 19.0 20.7 19.8 20.2 20.4 18.5 14.5 13.3 12.6 11.8 10.1 9.2 8.0 7.3 10.7 6.6 9.6 8.7 7.5 6.9 6.1 5.6 5.0 4.4 0 Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 2021 2021 2022 At least 940 Mbps At least 100 Mbps and less than 940 Mbps At least 25 Mbps and less than 100 Mbps At least 10 Mbps and less than 25 Mbps Less than 10 Mbps Note: Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 21 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 9 Figure 14 Distribution of Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2022 Downstream Speed At least 10 At least 25 At least 100 Mbps Mbps Mbps and less and less and less Less than than 25 than 100 than 940 At least 940 Upstream Speed 10 Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Total Less than 1 Mbps 3,194 819 1 # # 4,014 At least 1 Mbps & Less than 3 Mbps 1,813 4,853 723 1 # 7,390 At least 3 Mbps & Less than 20 Mbps 153 1,689 17,028 40,017 117 59,004 At least 20 Mbps & Less than 500 Mbps 3 53 3,051 31,449 8,047 42,603 At least 500 Mbps # 0 # 2,478 10,873 13,351 Total 5,163 7,414 20,803 73,945 19,037 126,362 Percentages Less than 1 Mbps 2.5 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 At least 1 Mbps & Less than 3 Mbps 1.4 3.8 0.6 0.0 0.0 5.8 At least 3 Mbps & Less than 20 Mbps 0.1 1.3 13.5 31.7 0.1 46.7 At least 20 Mbps & Less than 500 Mbps 0.0 0.0 2.4 24.9 6.4 33.7 At least 500 Mbps 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 8.6 10.6 Total 4.1 5.9 16.5 58.5 15.1 100.0 # = Rounds to zero. Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 22 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 10 Figure 15 Distribution of Residential Fixed Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction as of June 30, 2022 Downstream Speed At least 10 At least 25 At least 100 Mbps Mbps Mbps and less and less and less Less than than 25 than 100 than 940 At least 940 Upstream Speed 10 Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Total Less than 1 Mbps 2,590 751 # # # 3,342 At least 1 Mbps & Less than 3 Mbps 1,634 4,299 667 1 # 6,601 At least 3 Mbps & Less than 20 Mbps 130 1,510 15,217 38,031 114 55,002 At least 20 Mbps & Less than 500 Mbps 3 24 2,623 28,724 7,774 39,147 At least 500 Mbps 0 0 # 2,396 10,126 12,522 Total 4,357 6,584 18,507 69,152 18,014 116,615 Percentages Less than 1 Mbps 2.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 At least 1 Mbps & Less than 3 Mbps 1.4 3.7 0.6 0.0 0.0 5.7 At least 3 Mbps & Less than 20 Mbps 0.1 1.3 13.0 32.6 0.1 47.2 At least 20 Mbps & Less than 500 Mbps 0.0 0.0 2.2 24.6 6.7 33.6 At least 500 Mbps 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 8.7 10.7 Total 3.7 5.6 15.9 59.3 15.4 100.0 # = Rounds to zero. Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 23 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 11 Figure 16 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2018-2022 (in thousands) 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 428,980 451,060 459,350 466,320 480,200 490,890 500,260 510,200 517,046 Mobile 319,780 340,280 346,600 352,010 361,740 369,640 376,840 384,420 390,684 Fixed 109,210 110,780 112,740 114,310 118,460 121,250 123,430 125,780 126,362 Copper Wire1 23,710 22,953 21,681 20,755 20,174 19,327 18,620 17,412 15,652 Coaxial Cable 67,163 68,882 70,750 72,516 75,986 77,909 79,330 80,232 80,022 Optical Carrier 14,982 15,492 16,748 17,376 18,459 19,945 21,120 23,338 24,997 Satellite 1,939 1,971 1,984 1,975 1,993 1,931 1,910 1,873 2,031 Fixed Wireless 1,414 1,485 1,580 1,687 1,853 2,140 2,445 2,923 3,659 Licensed - - - - - - - - 1,953 Unlicensed - - - - - - - - 1,707 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Copper Wire for confidentiality reasons. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of FCC Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. * = Data withheld for confidentiality reasons. # = Rounds to zero. - = Data was not collected. Note: We believe mobile connections remain underreported by as much as 2% through June 2018 due to inadequate accounting of connections sold by mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs). Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. Figure 17 Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2018-2022 (Shares of selected technologies) 100 6.3 5.9 5.5 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.1 4.8 3.6 3.7 3.8 4.1 4.2 4.6 90 3.5 15.7 15.3 15.4 15.6 15.8 15.9 15.9 15.7 15.5 80 74.5 75.4 75.5 75.5 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.3 75.6 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Percentage of Residential Fixed Connections Fixed Residential of Percentage 0 Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 2021 2021 2022 Mobile Wireless Cable Modem Optical Carrier All Other Fixed Note; Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 24 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 12 Figure 18 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2018-2022 (in thousands) 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 358,850 378,290 383,620 388,360 403,230 407,650 415,260 436,580 441,672 Mobile 259,110 276,940 280,490 283,640 294,300 296,030 301,680 320,780 325,057 Fixed 99,742 101,350 103,130 104,720 108,920 111,620 113,580 115,790 116,615 Copper Wire1 20,753 20,206 19,041 18,237 17,718 16,983 16,344 15,269 13,985 Coaxial Cable 62,318 63,813 65,457 67,141 70,710 72,543 73,844 74,599 74,441 Optical Carrier 13,661 14,205 15,410 16,011 16,986 18,384 19,414 21,531 22,952 Satellite 1,751 1,787 1,805 1,795 1,815 1,752 1,728 1,692 1,841 Fixed Wireless 1,260 1,338 1,421 1,535 1,694 1,959 2,251 2,701 3,395 Licensed - - - - - - - - 1,839 Unlicensed - - - - - - - - 1,555 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Copper Wire for confidentiality reasons. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of FCC Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. * = Data withheld for confidentiality reasons. # = Rounds to zero. - = Data was not collected. Note: We believe mobile connections remain underreported by as much as 2% through June 2018 due to inadequate accounting of connections sold by mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs). Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. Figure 19 Residential Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction 2018-2022 (Shares of selected technologies) 100 6.6 6.2 5.8 5.6 5.3 5.1 4.9 4.5 4.4 5.2 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.5 4.7 4.9 90 3.8 3.8 17.4 16.9 17.1 17.3 17.5 17.8 17.8 17.1 16.9 80 73.6 70 72.2 73.2 73.1 73.0 73.0 72.6 72.6 73.5 60 50 40 30 20 10 Percentage of Residential Fixed Connections Fixed Residential of Percentage 0 Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 2021 2021 2022 Mobile Wireless Cable Modem Optical Carrier All Other Fixed Note; Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 25 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 13 Figure 20 Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2018-2022 (in thousands) 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 94,148 97,302 100,480 103,610 109,180 112,450 115,770 118,770 120,380 Copper Wire1 12,110 12,335 12,094 12,011 12,735 12,086 12,347 11,681 10,690 Coaxial Cable 65,807 67,716 69,704 71,934 75,391 77,513 79,035 79,956 79,676 Optical Carrier 13,988 14,815 16,078 16,854 18,008 19,555 20,813 23,058 24,833 Satellite 1,595 1,677 1,726 1,737 1,778 1,727 1,717 1,700 1,863 Fixed Wireless 649 759 879 1,078 1,263 1,564 1,860 2,379 3,318 Licensed - - - - - - - - 1,906 Unlicensed - - - - - - - - 1,411 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Copper Wire for confidentiality reasons. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of FCC Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. * = Data withheld for confidentiality reasons. # = Rounds to zero. - = Data was not collected. Note: Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. Figure 21 Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream 2018-2022 (Shares of selected technologies) 100 15.2 15.2 14.6 14.3 14.5 13.7 13.8 13.3 13.2 90 17.4 18.0 19.4 20.6 14.9 15.2 16.0 16.3 16.5 80 70 69.9 69.6 69.4 69.4 69.1 68.9 68.3 67.3 66.2 60 50 40 30 20 10 Percentage of Residential Fixed Connections Fixed Residential of Percentage 0 Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 2021 2021 2022 Cable Modem Optical Carrier All Other Fixed Note; Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 26 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 14 Figure 22 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2018-2022 (in thousands) 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 86,959 89,873 92,714 95,665 101,220 104,200 107,210 109,980 111,506 Copper Wire1 10,930 11,143 10,871 10,754 11,440 10,818 11,066 10,441 9,658 Coaxial Cable 61,141 62,810 64,556 66,691 70,299 72,215 73,611 74,386 74,147 Optical Carrier 12,739 13,589 14,800 15,536 16,581 18,042 19,145 21,286 22,815 Satellite 1,575 1,655 1,702 1,708 1,745 1,691 1,676 1,656 1,806 Fixed Wireless 574 676 784 975 1,151 1,434 1,714 2,206 3,080 Licensed - - - - - - - - 1,797 Unlicensed - - - - - - - - 1,283 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Copper Wire for confidentiality reasons. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of FCC Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. * = Data withheld for confidentiality reasons. # = Rounds to zero. - = Data was not collected. Note: Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. Figure 23 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 10 Mbps Downstream and 1 Mbps Upstream 2018-2022 (Shares of selected technologies) 100 15.0 15.0 14.4 14.0 14.2 13.4 13.5 13.0 13.0 90 17.3 17.9 19.4 20.5 14.6 15.1 16.0 16.2 16.4 80 70 70.3 69.9 69.6 69.7 69.5 69.3 68.7 67.6 66.5 60 50 40 30 20 10 Percentage of Residential Fixed Connections Fixed Residential of Percentage 0 Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 2021 2021 2022 Cable Modem Optical Carrier All Other Fixed Note; Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 27 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 15 Figure 24 Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2018-2022 (in thousands) 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 78,995 82,965 86,763 90,490 97,000 101,630 106,790 110,630 113,060 Copper Wire1 * * * * * * 6,688 6,538 6,014 Coaxial Cable 60,858 62,880 64,938 67,171 71,856 74,169 77,502 78,656 78,598 Optical Carrier 12,609 13,605 14,902 15,866 17,091 18,840 20,171 22,459 24,295 Satellite * * * * * * 1,328 1,353 1,552 Fixed Wireless 222 267 343 468 571 805 1,105 1,620 2,601 Licensed - - - - - - - - 1,796 Unlicensed - - - - - - - - 805 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Copper Wire for confidentiality reasons. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of FCC Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. * = Data withheld for confidentiality reasons. # = Rounds to zero. - = Data was not collected. Note: Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. Figure 25 Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream 2018-2022 (Shares of selected technologies) 100 7.0 7.8 8.0 8.2 8.3 8.5 8.5 8.6 9.0 16.0 16.4 90 17.2 17.5 17.6 18.5 18.9 20.3 21.5 80 77.0 75.8 74.8 74.2 74.1 73.0 72.6 70 71.1 69.5 60 50 40 30 20 10 Percentage of Residential Fixed Connections Fixed Residential of Percentage 0 Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 2021 2021 2022 Cable Modem Optical Carrier All Other Fixed Note; Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 28 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 16 Figure 26 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2018-2022 (in thousands) 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 73,283 76,873 80,272 83,740 90,185 94,451 99,254 102,800 105,005 Copper Wire1 * * * * * * 6,068 5,930 5,515 Coaxial Cable 56,619 58,342 60,125 62,231 67,017 69,098 72,268 73,262 73,213 Optical Carrier 11,569 12,546 13,780 14,690 15,796 17,445 18,615 20,795 22,365 Satellite * * * * * * 1,288 1,311 1,497 Fixed Wireless 192 234 299 415 512 727 1,015 1,506 2,414 Licensed - - - - - - - - 1,697 Unlicensed - - - - - - - - 717 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Copper Wire for confidentiality reasons. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of FCC Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. * = Data withheld for confidentiality reasons. # = Rounds to zero. - = Data was not collected. Note: Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. Figure 27 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 25 Mbps Downstream and 3 Mbps Upstream 2018-2022 (Shares of selected technologies) 100 7.0 7.8 7.9 8.1 8.2 8.4 8.4 8.5 9.0 15.8 16.3 90 17.2 17.5 17.5 18.5 18.8 20.2 21.3 80 77.3 75.9 74.9 74.3 74.3 73.2 72.8 70 71.3 69.7 60 50 40 30 20 10 Percentage of Residential Fixed Connections Fixed Residential of Percentage 0 Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 2021 2021 2022 Cable Modem Optical Carrier All Other Fixed Note; Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 29 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 17 Figure 28 Fixed Connections at Least 100 Mbps Downstream and 20 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2018-2022 (in thousands) 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 14,646 18,750 22,236 25,621 29,570 34,493 38,563 43,352 52,848 Copper Wire1 238 404 566 * * * * * * Coaxial Cable 8,352 9,466 11,426 13,088 15,496 18,420 20,924 23,298 29,955 Optical Carrier 6,000 8,815 10,146 11,634 13,086 14,933 16,373 18,705 20,993 Satellite 0 0 0 * * * * * * Fixed Wireless 56 65 97 119 116 143 180 239 499 Licensed - - - - - - - - 301 Unlicensed - - - - - - - - 198 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Copper Wire for confidentiality reasons. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of FCC Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. * = Data withheld for confidentiality reasons. # = Rounds to zero. - = Data was not collected. Note: Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. Figure 29 Fixed Connections at Least 100 Mbps Downstream and 20 Mbps Upstream 2018-2022 (Shares of selected technologies) 100 3.5 3.6 41.0 47.0 45.6 45.4 44.3 43.3 42.5 43.1 39.7 90 80 70 60 57.0 56.7 54.3 53.7 52.4 53.4 50 50.5 51.4 51.1 40 30 20 10 Percentage of Residential Fixed Connections Fixed Residential of Percentage 0 Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 2021 2021 2022 Cable Modem Optical Carrier All Other Fixed Note; Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 30 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 18 Figure 30 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 100 Mbps Downstream and 20 Mbps Upstream by Technology 2018-2022 (in thousands) 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 13,170 17,101 20,338 23,485 27,179 31,773 35,456 39,921 49,020 Copper Wire1 99 241 371 * * * * * * Coaxial Cable 7,491 8,512 10,312 11,883 14,157 16,843 19,128 21,298 27,829 Optical Carrier 5,533 8,292 9,574 10,952 12,303 14,055 15,329 17,537 19,517 Satellite 0 0 0 * * * * * * Fixed Wireless 47 56 80 102 98 118 158 215 450 Licensed - - - - - - - - 276 Unlicensed - - - - - - - - 173 1 Power Line and Other are summarized with Copper Wire for confidentiality reasons. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of FCC Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. * = Data withheld for confidentiality reasons. # = Rounds to zero. - = Data was not collected. Note: Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. Figure 31 Residential Fixed Connections at Least 100 Mbps Downstream and 20 Mbps Upstream 2018-2022 (Shares of selected technologies) 100 42.0 48.5 47.1 46.6 45.3 44.2 43.2 43.9 39.8 90 80 70 60 56.9 56.8 53.9 50 52.1 53.0 53.4 49.8 50.7 50.6 40 30 20 10 Percentage of Residential Fixed Connections Fixed Residential of Percentage 0 Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 2021 2021 2022 Cable Modem Optical Carrier All Other Fixed Note; Some previously-published data may have been revised. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 31 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 19 Figure 32 Residential Fixed Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2022 (Shares of selected technologies for selected speeds, connections in thousands) Connections 116,615 111,506 105,005 49,020 10,126 100 4.5 4.4 3.7 99.3 39.8 19.7 20.5 21.3 90 80 63.8 66.5 69.7 70 60 56.8 50 40 Estimated Percentage of Households of Percentage Estimated 30 20 10 12.0 8.7 5.3 0 Over 200 kbps in at At least 10 Mbps At least 25 Mbps At least 100 Mbps At least 940 Mbps least one direction downstream and at least downstream and at least downstream and at least downstream and at least 1 Mbps upstream 3 Mbps upstream 20 Mbps upstream 500 Mbps upstream Copper Wire Cable Modem Optical Carrier All Other Fixed Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 32 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 20 Figure 33 Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed Tier and Technology as of June 30, 2022 (in thousands) Downstream Speed At least 10 Mbps At least 25 Mbps At least 100 Mbps Less than and less than and less than and less than At least Technology 10 Mbps 25 Mbps 100 Mbps 940 Mbps 940 Mbps Total Copper Wire 4,158 4,897 5,322 1,167 108 15,652 Cable Modem 339 975 9,115 61,628 7,965 80,022 Optical Carrier 155 523 3,130 10,324 10,864 24,997 Satellite * * * * 0 2,031 Fixed Wireless * * * * 100 3,659 Total 5,163 7,414 20,803 73,945 19,037 126,362 Percentages Copper Wire 3.3 3.9 4.2 0.9 0.1 12.4 Cable Modem 0.3 0.8 7.2 48.8 6.3 63.3 Optical Carrier 0.1 0.4 2.5 8.2 8.6 19.8 Satellite * * * * 0.0 1.6 Fixed Wireless * * * * 0.1 2.9 Total 4.1 5.9 16.5 58.5 15.1 100.0 * = Data withheld for confidentiality reasons. # = Rounds to Zero. Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 33 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 21 Figure 34 Residential Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed Tier and Technology as of June 30, 2022 (in thousands) Downstream Speed At least 10 Mbps At least 25 Mbps At least 100 Mbps Less than and less than and less than and less than At least Technology 10 Mbps 25 Mbps 100 Mbps 940 Mbps 940 Mbps Total Copper Wire 3,589 4,347 4,963 1,059 28 13,985 Cable Modem 289 836 7,806 57,805 7,706 74,441 Optical Carrier 130 434 2,690 9,511 10,187 22,952 Satellite * * * * 0 1,841 Fixed Wireless * * * * 93 3,395 Total 4,357 6,584 18,507 69,152 18,014 116,615 Percentages Copper Wire 3.1 3.7 4.3 0.9 0.0 12.0 Cable Modem 0.2 0.7 6.7 49.6 6.6 63.8 Optical Carrier 0.1 0.4 2.3 8.2 8.7 19.7 Satellite * * * * 0.0 1.6 Fixed Wireless * * * * 0.1 2.9 Total 3.7 5.6 15.9 59.3 15.4 100.0 * = Data withheld for confidentiality reasons. # = Rounds to Zero. Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 34 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 22 Figure 35 Distribution of Downstream Speeds of Fixed Connections 2018-2022 Downstream Speed (Mbps) Average 109.85 129.63 144.49 175.11 199.40 234.97 269.73 304.37 355.41 Median 75.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 110.00 200.00 200.00 300.00 1250 1000 750 500 Downstream Speed (Mbps) Q3 250 Median Q1 0 Jun 2018 Dec 2018 Jun 2019 Dec 2019 Jun 2020 Dec 2020 Jun 2021 Dec 2021 Jun 2022 Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of downstream speeds for a particular time period. Some of the features are labeled, but also note that + denotes the position of the average downstream speed across all connections; is the minimum observation; and T is the maximum observation. Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 35 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 23 Figure 36 Distribution of Upstream Speeds of Fixed Connections 2018-2022 Upstream Speed (Mbps) Average 31.61 39.27 45.07 53.53 66.98 82.05 89.75 102.64 115.90 Median 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 1000 750 500 Upstream Speed (Mbps) Upstream 250 Q3 0 Q1Median Jun 2018 Dec 2018 Jun 2019 Dec 2019 Jun 2020 Dec 2020 Jun 2021 Dec 2021 Jun 2022 Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of upstream speeds for a particular time period. Some of the features are labeled, but also note that + denotes the position of the average upstream speed across all connections; is the minimum observation; and T is the maximum observation. Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 36 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 24 Figure 37 Distribution of Downstream Speeds of Mobile Connections 2018-2022 Downstream Speed (Mbps) Average 6.06 6.61 7.75 8.65 8.31 8.20 14.06 14.92 21.26 Median 5.21 7.00 7.00 9.00 5.00 5.00 9.00 9.00 14.00 80 60 40 Downstream Speed (Mbps) 20 Q3 Median Q1 0 Jun 2018 Dec 2018 Jun 2019 Dec 2019 Jun 2020 Dec 2020 Jun 2021 Dec 2021 Jun 2022 Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of downstream speeds for a particular time period. Some of the features are labeled, but also note that + denotes the position of the average downstream speed across all connections; is the minimum observation; and T is the maximum observation. Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 37 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 25 Figure 38 Distribution of Upstream Speeds of Mobile Connections 2018-2022 Upstream Speed (Mbps) Average 2.22 2.26 2.45 2.61 2.46 2.39 2.95 2.88 3.00 Median 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 10.0 7.5 5.0 Q3 Upstream Speed (Mbps) Upstream 2.5 Median Q1 0 Jun 2018 Dec 2018 Jun 2019 Dec 2019 Jun 2020 Dec 2020 Jun 2021 Dec 2021 Jun 2022 Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of upstream speeds for a particular time period. Some of the features are labeled, but also note that + denotes the position of the average upstream speed across all connections; is the minimum observation; and T is the maximum observation. Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 38 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 26 Figure 39 Distribution of Downstream Speeds of Fixed Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2022 Downstream Speed (Mbps) Average 355.41 36.82 377.86 548.75 53.92 73.94 Median 300.00 18.00 300.00 500.00 25.00 25.00 1250 1000 Q3 750 500 Median Downstream Speed (Mbps) 250 Q1 0 Total Fixed Copper Wire Cable Modem Optical Carrier Satellite Fixed Wireless Technology Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of downstream speeds for a particular group of technologies. Some of the features are labeled, but also note that + denotes the position of the average downstream speed across all connections delivered using that technology; is the minimum observation; and T is the maximum observation. Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 39 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 27 Figure 40 Distribution of Upstream Speeds of Fixed Connections by Technology as of June 30, 2022 Upstream Speed (Mbps) Average 115.90 13.34 16.00 521.16 5.80 31.78 Median 10.00 1.50 10.00 500.00 3.00 3.00 1000 Q3 750 500 Median Upstream Speed (Mbps) Upstream 250 Q1 0 Total Fixed Copper Wire Cable Modem Optical Carrier Satellite Fixed Wireless Technology Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of downstream speeds for a particular group of technologies. Some of the features are labeled, but also note that + denotes the position of the average upstream speed across all connections delivered using that technology; is the minimum observation; and T is the maximum observation. Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 40 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 28 Figure 41 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction by Technology 2018-2022 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Technology Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Total 2,113 2,215 2,224 2,248 2,281 2,382 2,392 2,384 2,242 Mobile 73 71 70 67 64 64 63 62 48 Fixed 2,094 2,195 2,203 2,230 2,266 2,371 2,378 2,371 2,236 Copper Wire1 868 852 827 803 797 773 755 743 593 Coaxial Cable 371 381 381 373 365 368 362 352 311 Optical Carrier 1,176 1,269 1,310 1,331 1,380 1,442 1,477 1,505 1,473 Satellite 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 5 4 Fixed Wireless 1,176 1,239 1,249 1,281 1,313 1,397 1,383 1,359 1,231 Licensed - - - - - - - - 298 Unlicensed - - - - - - - - 1,127 1 Prior to June 2022, Power Line is summarized with Other for confidentiality reasons. * = 1 - 3 providers. - = Data not collected. Note: Multiple FCC Form 477 filers within a holding company structure count as one provider. Some previously-published data may have been revised. Source: FCC Form 477. Figure 42 Nationwide Number of Providers of Connections over 200 kbps in at Least One Direction Selected Technologies 2018-2022 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 Number Providers of 500 400 300 200 100 0 Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun Dec Jun 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 2021 2021 2022 Copper Wire Cable Modem Optical Carrier Mobile Wireless Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 41 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 SECTION 4 SUMMARY STATISTICS: THE STATES Table of Contents Figure 43 Residential Fixed Connections and Households by State as of June 30, 2022 ........ 43 Figure 44 Connections by Type of End User by State as of June 30, 2022 ............................. 45 Figure 45 Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2022 ...................................... 46 Figure 46 Percentage of Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed by State as of June 30, 2022 .................................................................................................. 48 Figure 47 Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2022 .................. 50 U.S. Federal Communications Commission 42 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 29 Figure 43 Residential Fixed Connections and Households by State as of June 30, 2022 (Connections and households, in thousands) At least 200 kbps in At least 10 Mbps Down At least 25 Mbps Down At least 100 Mbps Down At least 940 Mbps Down at least One Direction and 1 Mbps Up and 3 Mbps Up and 20 Mbps Up and 500 Mbps Up Subscribership Subscribership Subscribership Subscribership Subscribership State Households Connections Ratio Connections Ratio Connections Ratio Connections Ratio Connections Ratio Alabama 1,903 1,664 0.87 1,539 0.81 1,415 0.74 617 0.32 149 0.08 Alaska 261 231 0.89 217 0.83 170 0.65 * * * * American Samoa 10 * * * * * * 0 0.00 0 0.00 Arizona 2,684 2,522 0.94 2,385 0.89 2,200 0.82 636 0.24 96 0.04 Arkansas 1,158 966 0.83 866 0.75 758 0.65 348 0.30 67 0.06 California 13,218 12,661 0.96 12,319 0.93 11,695 0.88 4,603 0.35 701 0.05 Colorado 2,228 2,233 1.00 2,147 0.96 2,005 0.90 699 0.31 155 0.07 Connecticut 1,397 1,292 0.92 1,263 0.90 1,186 0.85 656 0.47 36 0.03 Delaware 381 404 1.06 398 1.04 396 1.04 238 0.62 * * District of Columbia 310 275 0.89 271 0.87 269 0.87 170 0.55 * * Florida 8,157 8,456 1.04 8,116 0.99 7,826 0.96 3,514 0.43 547 0.07 Georgia 3,885 3,652 0.94 3,469 0.89 3,249 0.84 1,710 0.44 429 0.11 Guam 42 37 0.89 35 0.83 27 0.64 * * 0 0.00 Hawaii 478 488 1.02 479 1.00 * * * * * * Idaho 657 621 0.94 560 0.85 455 0.69 280 0.43 38 0.06 Illinois 4,930 4,325 0.88 4,138 0.84 3,871 0.79 1,763 0.36 173 0.04 Indiana 2,623 2,325 0.89 2,181 0.83 2,015 0.77 947 0.36 181 0.07 Iowa 1,276 1,083 0.85 1,000 0.78 891 0.70 431 0.34 57 0.04 Kansas 1,140 998 0.88 944 0.83 869 0.76 404 0.35 134 0.12 Kentucky 1,748 1,557 0.89 1,445 0.83 1,316 0.75 602 0.34 108 0.06 Louisiana 1,749 1,472 0.84 1,373 0.78 1,249 0.71 489 0.28 103 0.06 Maine 571 592 1.04 555 0.97 487 0.85 104 0.18 2 0.00 Maryland 2,294 2,205 0.96 2,167 0.94 2,142 0.93 1,374 0.60 * * Massachusetts 2,714 2,644 0.97 2,598 0.96 2,583 0.95 1,461 0.54 322 0.12 Michigan 3,977 3,591 0.90 3,426 0.86 3,228 0.81 1,159 0.29 84 0.02 Minnesota 2,229 2,023 0.91 1,918 0.86 1,761 0.79 600 0.27 76 0.03 Mississippi 1,109 893 0.81 805 0.73 678 0.61 370 0.33 126 0.11 Missouri 2,434 2,122 0.87 1,953 0.80 1,758 0.72 864 0.35 228 0.09 Montana 436 410 0.94 376 0.86 328 0.75 82 0.19 9 0.02 Nebraska 767 683 0.89 651 0.85 603 0.79 246 0.32 44 0.06 U.S. Federal Communications Commission 43 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 30 Figure 43 - Continued Residential Fixed Connections and Households by State as of June 30, 2022 (Connections and households, in thousands) At least 200 kbps in At least 10 Mbps Down At least 25 Mbps Down At least 100 Mbps Down At least 940 Mbps Down at least One Direction and 1 Mbps Up and 3 Mbps Up and 20 Mbps Up and 500 Mbps Up Subscribership Subscribership Subscribership Subscribership Subscribership State Households Connections Ratio Connections Ratio Connections Ratio Connections Ratio Connections Ratio Nevada 1,142 1,104 0.97 1,060 0.93 1,011 0.89 308 0.27 49 0.04 New Hampshire 540 561 1.04 541 1.00 517 0.96 281 0.52 5 0.01 New Jersey 3,397 3,157 0.93 3,115 0.92 3,092 0.91 2,310 0.68 * * New Mexico 798 702 0.88 638 0.80 554 0.69 140 0.18 12 0.01 New York 7,530 6,877 0.91 6,795 0.90 6,582 0.87 3,953 0.52 * * North Carolina 4,035 4,021 1.00 3,754 0.93 3,567 0.88 1,550 0.38 367 0.09 North Dakota 317 288 0.91 282 0.89 274 0.87 238 0.75 8 0.02 Northern Mariana Isl 16 * * * * * * 0 0.00 0 0.00 Ohio 4,754 4,281 0.90 4,082 0.86 3,792 0.80 1,256 0.26 114 0.02 Oklahoma 1,504 1,261 0.84 1,173 0.78 1,055 0.70 462 0.31 116 0.08 Oregon 1,658 1,575 0.95 1,492 0.90 1,406 0.85 470 0.28 89 0.05 Pennsylvania 5,148 4,645 0.90 4,422 0.86 4,340 0.84 2,453 0.48 * * Puerto Rico 1,197 737 0.62 667 0.56 506 0.42 154 0.13 7 0.01 Rhode Island 427 409 0.96 406 0.95 405 0.95 210 0.49 * * South Carolina 1,976 1,941 0.98 1,857 0.94 1,732 0.88 798 0.40 113 0.06 South Dakota 346 313 0.91 307 0.89 288 0.83 204 0.59 4 0.01 Tennessee 2,665 2,450 0.92 2,347 0.88 2,230 0.84 1,183 0.44 344 0.13 Texas 10,239 9,725 0.95 9,409 0.92 8,813 0.86 4,658 0.45 1,257 0.12 Utah 1,034 1,015 0.98 983 0.95 920 0.89 400 0.39 133 0.13 Vermont 263 289 1.10 263 1.00 221 0.84 111 0.42 15 0.06 Virgin Islands 43 * * * * * * * * 0 0.00 Virginia 3,249 2,964 0.91 2,833 0.87 2,769 0.85 1,516 0.47 603 0.19 Washington 2,932 2,848 0.97 2,689 0.92 2,542 0.87 839 0.29 133 0.05 West Virginia 711 565 0.79 503 0.71 440 0.62 229 0.32 7 0.01 Wisconsin 2,402 2,201 0.92 2,055 0.86 1,839 0.77 538 0.22 60 0.02 Wyoming 231 217 0.94 201 0.87 186 0.80 49 0.21 2 0.01 Total 125,319 116,615 0.93 111,506 0.89 105,005 0.84 49,020 0.39 10,126 0.08 # = Rounds to Zero; * = Data withheld for confidentiality reasons. Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Sources: FCC Form 477 (Connections); 2017-2021 ACS 5-year estimates; Census 2010. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 44 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 31 Figure 44 Connections by Type of End User by State as of June 30, 2022 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) Connections Percentages State Residential Business Residential Business Total Alabama 6,449 1,002 86.6 13.4 7,451 Alaska 892 147 85.9 14.1 1,038 American Samoa * * * * * Arizona 9,362 1,384 87.1 12.9 10,747 Arkansas 3,823 533 87.8 12.2 4,356 California 53,181 9,486 84.9 15.1 62,667 Colorado 7,530 1,472 83.6 16.4 9,002 Connecticut 4,880 891 84.6 15.4 5,772 Delaware 1,378 233 85.6 14.4 1,610 District of Columbia 1,156 697 62.4 37.6 1,853 Florida 30,781 4,709 86.7 13.3 35,490 Georgia 14,459 2,442 85.6 14.4 16,901 Guam 140 61 69.8 30.2 201 Hawaii 1,904 327 85.3 14.7 2,232 Idaho 2,269 334 87.2 12.8 2,603 Illinois 16,743 3,186 84.0 16.0 19,929 Indiana 8,453 1,267 87.0 13.0 9,720 Iowa 3,905 624 86.2 13.8 4,529 Kansas 3,637 546 87.0 13.0 4,183 Kentucky 5,523 835 86.9 13.1 6,358 Louisiana 6,197 862 87.8 12.2 7,059 Maine 1,735 317 84.6 15.4 2,052 Maryland 8,340 1,353 86.0 14.0 9,693 Massachusetts 9,293 1,780 83.9 16.1 11,073 Michigan 12,845 2,208 85.3 14.7 15,053 Minnesota 7,165 1,273 84.9 15.1 8,438 Mississippi 3,822 458 89.3 10.7 4,280 Missouri 7,813 1,306 85.7 14.3 9,119 Montana 1,352 237 85.1 14.9 1,589 Nebraska 2,415 477 83.5 16.5 2,893 Nevada 4,270 571 88.2 11.8 4,842 New Hampshire 1,771 358 83.2 16.8 2,129 New Jersey 12,566 2,255 84.8 15.2 14,820 New Mexico 2,705 396 87.2 12.8 3,101 New York 27,496 5,172 84.2 15.8 32,668 North Carolina 13,652 2,407 85.0 15.0 16,059 North Dakota 986 157 86.3 13.7 1,143 Northern Mariana Isl * * * * * Ohio 15,192 2,653 85.1 14.9 17,844 Oklahoma 5,030 749 87.0 13.0 5,779 Oregon 5,415 0 84.4 15.6 6,415 Pennsylvania 16,800 2,927 85.2 14.8 19,726 Puerto Rico 4,018 333 92.3 7.7 4,351 Rhode Island 1,461 289 83.5 16.5 1,751 South Carolina 6,641 1,056 86.3 13.7 7,697 South Dakota 1,105 161 87.3 12.7 1,266 Tennessee 9,076 1,427 86.4 13.6 10,502 Texas 40,094 6,198 86.6 13.4 46,292 Utah 3,807 768 83.2 16.8 4,575 Vermont 798 192 80.6 19.4 989 Virgin Islands 118 17 87.4 12.6 135 Virginia 11,184 2,189 83.6 16.4 13,373 Washington 9,994 1,875 84.2 15.8 11,869 West Virginia 2,087 305 87.3 12.7 2,391 Wisconsin 7,183 1,332 84.4 15.6 8,515 Wyoming 728 121 85.8 14.2 849 Total 441,672 75,375 85.4 14.6 517,046 * = Data withheld for confidentiality reasons. # = Rounds to Zero. Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 45 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 32 Figure 45 Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2022 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) Copper Cable Optical Other Mobile State Wire1 Modem Carrier Fixed2 Wireless Total Alabama 333 1,000 362 101 5,654 7,451 Alaska 68 * 15 * 770 1,038 American Samoa 0 * * * * * Arizona 477 1,829 193 186 8,061 10,747 Arkansas 285 465 222 74 3,309 4,356 California 1,901 9,573 1,819 525 48,849 62,667 Colorado * 1,626 263 * 6,610 9,002 Connecticut * 1,165 96 * 4,371 5,772 Delaware * * * 9 * 1,610 District of Columbia * * * 12 1,550 1,853 Florida 945 6,318 1,642 211 26,375 35,490 Georgia 681 2,291 864 130 12,936 16,901 Guam * * 2 * * 201 Hawaii * * * 5 1,694 2,232 Idaho 185 289 93 105 1,931 2,603 Illinois 762 3,199 439 250 15,279 19,929 Indiana 408 1,422 527 140 7,223 9,720 Iowa 242 492 351 88 3,355 4,529 Kansas 147 525 320 87 3,104 4,183 Kentucky 306 904 396 76 4,676 6,358 Louisiana 296 929 275 97 5,462 7,059 Maine 90 503 30 27 1,401 2,052 Maryland * 1,346 * 46 7,334 9,693 Massachusetts * 2,136 624 * 8,220 11,073 Michigan 569 2,835 265 197 11,187 15,053 Minnesota 368 1,366 328 112 6,264 8,438 Mississippi 275 391 240 78 3,296 4,280 Missouri 457 1,133 537 168 6,824 9,119 Montana 84 257 55 60 1,133 1,589 Nebraska 115 394 180 54 2,150 2,893 U.S. Federal Communications Commission 46 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 33 Figure 45 - Continued Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2022 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction, in thousands) Copper Cable Optical Other Mobile State Wire1 Modem Carrier Fixed2 Wireless Total Nevada 135 * 113 * 3,651 4,842 New Hampshire 51 * 58 * 1,496 2,129 New Jersey 65 2,090 * * 11,402 14,820 New Mexico 197 438 60 60 2,346 3,101 New York 155 5,024 2,192 115 25,184 32,668 North Carolina 536 2,848 834 148 11,694 16,059 North Dakota 16 174 124 7 823 1,143 Northern Mariana Isl * * * 0 * * Ohio 645 3,193 579 179 13,249 17,844 Oklahoma 273 666 296 134 4,411 5,779 Oregon 188 1,159 263 93 4,712 6,415 Pennsylvania 336 3,402 1,146 111 14,732 19,726 Puerto Rico * * 126 83 3,558 4,351 Rhode Island * * * 6 * 1,751 South Carolina 287 1,296 486 70 5,558 7,697 South Dakota 29 201 97 17 922 1,266 Tennessee 309 1,451 784 104 7,854 10,502 Texas 1,271 5,682 2,829 707 35,803 46,292 Utah 129 625 243 88 3,490 4,575 Vermont 79 * 63 * 652 989 Virgin Islands 0 * 0 * 103 135 Virginia 180 1,770 1,258 139 10,026 13,373 Washington 383 2,228 284 155 8,818 11,869 West Virginia * 423 67 * 1,738 2,391 Wisconsin 443 * 308 * 6,138 8,515 Wyoming 38 132 21 51 607 849 Total 15,652 80,022 24,997 5,691 390,684 517,046 * = Data withheld for confidentiality reasons. # = Rounds to Zero. 1 Other is summarized with Copper Wire for confidentiality reasons. 2 Other Fixed consists of Fixed Wireless and Satellite services. Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 47 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 34 Figure 46 Percentage of Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed by State as of June 30, 2022 Over 200 kbps Upstream and % over 200 kbps % at least 10 Mbps % at least 25 Mbps % at least 100 Mbps % at least 940 Mbps State Downstream Downstream Downstream Downstream Downstream Alabama 99.9 93.7 85.3 67.9 11.5 Alaska 99.8 92.8 73.9 * * American Samoa * * * * * Arizona 99.9 95.4 88.5 71.9 14.1 Arkansas 99.9 91.5 78.9 55.1 12.2 California 99.9 96.8 91.6 76.1 13.2 Colorado 99.9 96.9 90.4 70.3 18.1 Connecticut 100.0 97.4 92.1 83.0 13.0 Delaware 100.0 98.1 97.5 84.0 26.1 District of Columbia 100.0 97.1 96.1 84.3 25.7 Florida 99.9 96.7 92.7 74.4 11.0 Georgia 99.6 94.8 88.8 69.4 17.6 Guam 100.0 87.2 75.3 6.4 * Hawaii 100.0 97.0 * * * Idaho 99.9 92.0 75.5 54.7 10.3 Illinois 100.0 95.5 89.3 65.9 11.4 Indiana 99.8 94.5 86.7 63.8 12.4 Iowa 100.0 93.9 83.7 61.5 12.7 Kansas 100.0 95.3 86.6 67.3 20.0 Kentucky 99.7 92.9 85.2 68.9 8.6 Louisiana 99.8 93.7 85.0 66.2 13.2 Maine 99.7 92.6 82.9 71.3 2.8 Maryland 100.0 97.8 96.6 82.2 29.8 Massachusetts 100.0 97.9 97.3 87.0 22.2 Michigan 99.7 95.3 89.6 68.9 7.7 Minnesota 100.0 96.0 88.2 66.6 13.6 Mississippi 99.8 90.2 76.4 53.3 18.8 Missouri 99.9 94.1 83.7 66.4 13.5 Montana 99.9 93.7 81.1 60.4 3.1 Nebraska 99.9 95.8 88.4 67.2 10.3 U.S. Federal Communications Commission 48 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 35 Figure 46 - Continued Percentage of Fixed Connections by Downstream Speed by State as of June 30, 2022 Over 200 kbps Upstream and % over 200 kbps % at least 10 Mbps % at least 25 Mbps % at least 100 Mbps % at least 940 Mbps State Downstream Downstream Downstream Downstream Downstream Nevada 100.0 97.0 92.3 79.0 15.1 New Hampshire 99.5 94.8 91.2 81.8 13.4 New Jersey 99.8 98.4 97.5 88.6 27.1 New Mexico 99.9 93.0 81.0 53.6 8.0 New York 99.8 98.4 95.3 87.7 17.0 North Carolina 99.7 95.0 88.9 77.4 11.6 North Dakota 99.9 98.1 95.0 83.7 51.9 Northern Mariana Isl * * * * * Ohio 100.0 95.7 88.5 73.1 5.0 Oklahoma 99.9 93.1 82.8 64.4 15.6 Oregon 99.9 95.9 89.6 70.6 14.0 Pennsylvania 99.9 95.7 93.3 78.1 19.7 Puerto Rico 100.0 89.8 71.7 30.7 1.1 Rhode Island 99.6 99.0 98.3 90.0 31.0 South Carolina 99.9 96.1 89.5 75.8 10.4 South Dakota 99.8 98.2 94.8 * * Tennessee 99.8 95.9 90.7 72.6 18.2 Texas 99.9 96.8 90.4 72.9 18.1 Utah 100.0 97.2 91.3 71.3 23.3 Vermont 99.7 90.3 78.2 64.0 10.7 Virgin Islands * * * * * Virginia 99.7 96.0 93.1 80.5 29.9 Washington 99.7 95.5 89.4 72.8 16.6 West Virginia 99.5 89.3 79.7 64.5 15.9 Wisconsin 99.7 94.8 84.1 68.6 3.8 Wyoming 99.9 94.2 86.2 63.3 2.3 Total 99.9 95.9 90.0 73.6 15.1 * = Data withheld for confidentiality reasons. Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 49 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 36 Figure 47 Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2022 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Copper Cable Optical Fixed Mobile Unduplicated State Wire1 Modem Carrier Satellite Wireless Wireless Total Alabama 20 15 45 * 23 6 76 Alaska 13 * 17 * 15 11 33 American Samoa 0 * * 0 * * * Arizona 21 12 38 * 43 5 81 Arkansas 20 13 52 * 29 5 83 California 30 22 65 * 120 5 176 Colorado 27 10 71 * 64 8 116 Connecticut 5 5 13 * 4 4 23 Delaware * * 11 * 4 * 22 District of Columbia 7 4 17 * 8 4 29 Florida 19 15 50 * 35 6 84 Georgia 26 21 77 * 25 5 104 Guam * * 4 0 * * 4 Hawaii 5 * 10 * 4 4 17 Idaho 23 13 37 * 39 6 67 Illinois 46 13 86 * 68 6 140 Indiana 33 9 81 * 61 4 121 Iowa 54 31 181 * 77 6 223 Kansas 24 18 63 * 44 8 93 Kentucky 17 24 58 * 27 5 94 Louisiana 13 14 31 * 26 4 63 Maine 11 4 20 * 12 5 37 Maryland 11 13 35 * 19 5 61 Massachusetts 10 6 25 * 13 4 46 Michigan 29 19 69 * 49 6 117 Minnesota 36 17 81 * 49 5 120 Mississippi 16 10 39 * 14 5 65 Missouri 33 12 80 * 65 6 131 Montana 18 5 33 * 30 6 55 Nebraska 22 16 50 * 42 6 81 U.S. Federal Communications Commission 50 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 37 Figure 47 - Continued Providers of Connections by Technology by State as of June 30, 2022 (Connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction) Copper Cable Optical Fixed Mobile Unduplicated State Wire1 Modem Carrier Satellite Wireless Wireless Total Nevada 18 7 28 * 26 5 58 New Hampshire 8 * 17 * 7 5 28 New Jersey 13 5 27 * 7 4 38 New Mexico 19 6 36 * 43 6 70 New York 32 11 50 * 23 4 79 North Carolina 22 20 49 * 22 6 78 North Dakota 16 5 29 * 10 6 42 Northern Mariana Isl * * * 0 0 * * Ohio 35 23 76 * 63 4 138 Oklahoma 36 8 64 * 46 9 106 Oregon 35 11 58 * 44 6 93 Pennsylvania 24 23 60 * 33 7 105 Puerto Rico * * 17 * 37 4 44 Rhode Island * * 6 * * * 13 South Carolina 18 12 35 * 10 5 51 South Dakota 16 7 39 * 22 8 65 Tennessee 19 14 66 * 29 5 94 Texas 64 22 132 4 147 8 232 Utah 14 7 31 * 35 6 55 Vermont 9 * 17 * 11 4 32 Virgin Islands 0 * 0 * * 4 6 Virginia 26 14 56 * 28 5 84 Washington 26 20 63 * 49 6 100 West Virginia 8 14 24 * 23 5 57 Wisconsin 35 15 72 * 44 6 107 Wyoming 11 5 22 * 22 6 42 Total 593 311 1,473 4 1,231 48 2,242 * = 1 to 3 providers. 1 Other is summarized with Copper Wire for confidentiality reasons. Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 51 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 SECTION 5 SUMMARY STATISTICS: COUNTIES AND CENSUS TRACTS Table of Contents Figure 48 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Households as of June 30, 2022 .......................................................................... 53 Figure 49 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Households by Technology as of June 30, 2022 ................................................. 54 Figure 50 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Households by State as of June 30, 2022 ............................................................ 55 Figure 51 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Households as of June 30, 2022 .......................................................................... 57 Figure 52 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Households by Technology as of June 30, 2022 ................................................. 58 Figure 53 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Households by State as of June 30, 2022 ............................................................ 59 U.S. Federal Communications Commission 52 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 38 Figure 48 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households as of June 30, 2022 (Connections at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream) 18 Number of Counties 3,234 Median 0.23 16 14 427 406 12 364 10 303 300 8 255 232 203 Percentage Counties of 6 184 136 4 105 78 65 2 49 31 27 20 14 15 20 0 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 Max Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households Note: Ratios over 1 were set to 1. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2017-2021 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 53 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 39 Figure 49 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Households by Technology as of June 30, 2022 (Connections at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater than 5 than 10 than 20 than 30 than 40 than 50 than 60 than 80 than 0 and no and no and no and no and no and no and no and no and no more more more more more more more more more than than than than than than than than 100% Technology Zero than 5% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 80% 100% or more Total 0.6 6.6 11.3 25.7 18.6 14.2 9.9 5.2 5.7 1.8 0.4 1 Copper Wire 59.0 34.7 4.0 2.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Coaxial Cable 16.4 15.7 19.2 23.7 13.7 6.6 3.0 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.1 Optical Carrier 10.9 38.5 14.3 16.1 7.9 5.2 2.9 1.5 1.5 1.1 0.2 Satellite 5.2 91.6 2.4 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fixed Wireless 56.6 42.3 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Licensed 73.8 25.9 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Unlicensed 72.3 27.0 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 Other is summarized with Copper Wire for confidentiality reasons. Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2017-2021 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 54 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 40 Figure 50 Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Households by State as of June 30, 2022 (Connections at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater than 0 and than 5 and than 10 and than 20 and than 30 and than 40 and than 50 and than 60 and than 80 and no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more 100% or State Counties Zero than 5% than 10% than 20% than 30% than 40% than 50% than 60% than 80% than 100% more Alabama 67 0 6 15 16 11 10 6 1 2 0 0 Alaska 30 9 4 3 1 4 1 2 2 4 0 0 American Samoa 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Arizona 15 0 0 3 4 3 1 4 0 0 0 0 Arkansas 75 0 9 6 18 19 10 5 5 2 1 0 California 58 0 3 4 8 12 20 9 1 0 1 0 Colorado 64 0 5 6 23 11 13 6 0 0 0 0 Connecticut 8 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 0 1 0 0 Delaware 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 District of Columbia 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Florida 67 0 7 7 12 7 11 13 6 4 0 0 Georgia 159 0 10 25 46 20 15 25 11 7 0 0 Guam 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hawaii 5 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 Idaho 44 0 3 6 10 11 4 7 0 2 1 0 Illinois 102 0 4 4 26 31 25 9 1 2 0 0 Indiana 92 0 2 4 23 17 29 7 7 3 0 0 Iowa 99 0 1 4 22 36 19 9 7 1 0 0 Kansas 105 0 5 21 35 19 15 3 3 4 0 0 Kentucky 120 0 5 16 32 24 19 9 10 3 2 0 Louisiana 64 0 11 14 15 9 7 6 1 1 0 0 Maine 16 0 0 0 14 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Maryland 24 0 0 0 0 3 4 4 4 9 0 0 Massachusetts 14 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 3 4 0 2 Michigan 83 0 2 14 40 16 6 3 2 0 0 0 Minnesota 87 0 2 11 22 22 14 5 7 3 1 0 Mississippi 82 0 16 9 13 13 14 12 5 0 0 0 Missouri 115 0 20 12 23 23 12 9 5 10 1 0 Montana 56 0 5 15 20 3 1 1 2 6 3 0 Nebraska 93 0 10 7 16 17 21 14 4 2 2 0 U.S. Federal Communications Commission 55 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 41 Figure 50 - Continued Distribution of Counties by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Households by State as of June 30, 2022 (Connections at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to County Households Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater than 0 and than 5 and than 10 and than 20 and than 30 and than 40 and than 50 and than 60 and than 80 and no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more 100% or State Counties Zero than 5% than 10% than 20% than 30% than 40% than 50% than 60% than 80% than 100% more Nevada 17 0 2 3 6 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 New Hampshire 10 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 1 0 1 New Jersey 21 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 2 13 1 1 New Mexico 33 0 5 3 13 2 4 0 0 3 3 0 New York 62 0 0 2 28 16 2 2 2 7 2 1 North Carolina 100 0 1 11 30 20 19 10 5 3 1 0 North Dakota 53 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 4 17 24 3 Northern Mariana Isl 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ohio 88 0 6 19 34 18 6 5 0 0 0 0 Oklahoma 77 0 2 4 25 8 17 11 7 3 0 0 Oregon 36 0 0 4 12 16 3 1 0 0 0 0 Pennsylvania 67 0 0 1 12 13 19 9 7 6 0 0 Puerto Rico 78 0 12 33 26 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rhode Island 5 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 South Carolina 46 0 2 7 10 7 4 8 4 1 2 1 South Dakota 66 0 4 4 14 4 9 7 7 13 4 0 Tennessee 95 0 0 6 13 21 17 15 8 12 2 1 Texas 254 0 18 30 78 47 23 26 13 18 1 0 Utah 29 0 0 2 3 5 4 6 1 4 3 1 Vermont 14 0 0 0 2 4 3 2 1 1 0 1 Virgin Islands 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Virginia 133 0 12 8 17 27 23 27 9 8 2 0 Washington 39 0 0 1 16 13 5 1 2 1 0 0 West Virginia 55 1 13 4 10 11 9 6 1 0 0 0 Wisconsin 72 0 2 15 30 16 6 0 2 1 0 0 Wyoming 23 0 0 2 12 4 2 3 0 0 0 0 Total 3,234 20 212 366 832 602 458 321 169 185 57 12 Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2017-2021 ACS 5-year estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2010 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands). U.S. Federal Communications Commission 56 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 42 Figure 51 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Households as of June 30, 2022 (Connections at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream) 12 Number of Tracts 85,160 Median 0.33 10 7,230 7,170 7,005 7,048 7,075 8 6,476 5,891 5,175 6 4,861 4,552 4,426 3,960 Percentage of Tracts of Percentage 4 3,234 2,627 2,010 2,059 1,595 2 1,219 881 660 0 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 Max Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households Note: Ratios over 1 were set to 1. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2017-2021 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 57 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 43 Figure 52 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Households by Technology as of June 30, 2022 (Connections at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater than 5 than 10 than 20 than 30 than 40 than 50 than 60 than 80 than 0 and no and no and no and no and no and no and no and no and no more more more more more more more more more than than than than than than than than 100% Technology Zero than 5% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 80% 100% or more Total 1.3 3.9 5.7 16.5 16.9 15.9 13.0 10.0 11.1 3.7 2.0 1 Copper Wire 62.9 34.2 2.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Coaxial Cable 7.1 6.1 10.2 30.4 23.7 11.6 5.4 2.7 2.0 0.5 0.3 Optical Carrier 29.0 19.5 9.5 14.0 10.2 7.1 4.5 2.5 2.3 0.8 0.6 Satellite 54.4 44.4 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fixed Wireless 69.6 29.2 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Licensed 74.0 25.5 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Unlicensed 93.6 5.7 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 Other is summarized with Copper Wire for confidentiality reasons. See Technical Notes at the end of the report for a description of FCC Form 477 technology categories and other reporting requirements. Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2017-2021 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 58 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 44 Figure 53 Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Households by State as of June 30, 2022 (Connections at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater than 0 and than 5 and than 10 and than 20 and than 30 and than 40 and than 50 and than 60 and than 80 and no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more 100% or State Tracts Zero than 5% than 10% than 20% than 30% than 40% than 50% than 60% than 80% than 100% more Alabama 1,435 8 128 134 274 287 190 144 124 106 29 11 Alaska 177 29 17 7 5 7 15 18 30 39 6 4 American Samoa 18 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Arizona 1,765 34 151 231 555 362 172 85 58 79 24 14 Arkansas 823 6 111 89 165 132 95 77 56 70 18 4 California 9,107 67 110 190 1,278 2,309 2,289 1,531 767 425 81 60 Colorado 1,447 18 40 65 287 426 307 161 65 51 15 12 Connecticut 879 7 2 6 106 131 108 139 141 136 89 14 Delaware 259 3 0 1 3 13 23 48 57 66 27 18 District of Columbia 206 2 0 0 1 19 39 36 33 55 11 10 Florida 5,114 48 137 176 517 836 978 861 621 566 211 163 Georgia 2,791 11 94 151 293 365 396 417 404 488 139 33 Guam 56 18 35 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Hawaii 436 22 2 5 23 67 85 79 54 63 17 19 Idaho 456 0 17 25 56 47 57 91 70 70 11 12 Illinois 3,263 7 83 84 365 786 832 612 332 143 15 4 Indiana 1,693 10 51 84 214 358 409 286 137 119 16 9 Iowa 896 4 27 60 142 248 173 87 70 71 14 0 Kansas 829 15 42 145 143 119 67 66 66 114 42 10 Kentucky 1,306 11 72 129 233 211 206 164 141 106 23 10 Louisiana 1,376 16 177 193 282 201 205 128 89 66 14 5 Maine 400 0 1 42 253 52 23 15 10 4 0 0 Maryland 1,463 8 7 5 33 112 205 259 248 369 136 81 Massachusetts 1,613 22 4 10 144 101 196 267 319 387 101 62 Michigan 2,971 82 88 218 644 631 672 433 134 58 9 2 Minnesota 1,502 4 52 103 528 351 178 114 60 88 19 5 Mississippi 875 8 129 55 135 129 107 98 83 103 20 8 Missouri 1,654 14 172 111 216 250 258 204 177 185 43 24 Montana 319 3 22 63 147 38 7 8 11 14 5 1 Nebraska 553 2 20 55 128 105 70 59 66 38 8 2 U.S. Federal Communications Commission 59 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 45 Figure 53 - Continued Distribution of Census Tracts by Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households by State as of June 30, 2022 (Connections at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream) Ratio of Residential Fixed Connections to Tract Households Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater Greater than 0 and than 5 and than 10 and than 20 and than 30 and than 40 and than 50 and than 60 and than 80 and no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more no more 100% or State Tracts Zero than 5% than 10% than 20% than 30% than 40% than 50% than 60% than 80% than 100% more Nevada 775 5 23 56 252 211 106 50 29 25 8 10 New Hampshire 349 2 3 8 25 24 38 67 95 54 13 20 New Jersey 2,175 14 15 9 38 101 114 220 411 810 285 158 New Mexico 612 17 78 151 221 62 33 20 8 13 6 3 New York 5,393 140 30 248 931 443 402 427 657 1,336 541 238 North Carolina 2,660 22 87 166 550 454 371 303 248 284 100 75 North Dakota 228 1 0 0 7 9 7 16 20 71 74 23 Northern Mariana Isl 23 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ohio 3,162 44 189 354 872 618 483 285 178 119 16 4 Oklahoma 1,205 22 114 111 225 224 196 121 86 71 24 11 Oregon 994 2 7 56 324 216 171 147 45 17 7 2 Pennsylvania 3,445 64 81 92 262 364 587 647 490 566 200 92 Puerto Rico 939 38 202 236 284 108 43 13 11 1 1 2 Rhode Island 247 1 0 2 24 6 32 82 48 41 6 5 South Carolina 1,317 15 62 121 226 222 198 140 100 121 51 61 South Dakota 242 0 11 6 31 21 10 18 23 78 36 8 Tennessee 1,701 24 36 54 271 257 260 267 214 223 69 26 Texas 6,883 63 292 329 871 847 1,029 1,012 841 1,036 370 193 Utah 716 7 8 25 92 150 152 92 66 78 36 10 Vermont 193 1 4 13 22 35 43 30 21 12 3 9 Virgin Islands 29 25 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Virginia 2,186 35 117 61 294 273 280 288 272 314 155 97 Washington 1,772 5 29 88 408 551 357 210 80 28 7 9 West Virginia 546 15 80 32 56 80 97 75 63 46 2 0 Wisconsin 1,526 4 81 204 516 395 171 78 42 24 4 7 Wyoming 160 1 1 14 86 32 10 5 7 3 1 0 Total 85,160 1,087 3,345 4,874 14,059 14,396 13,552 11,100 8,478 9,450 3,158 1,661 Note: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. See Technical Notes at the end of the report. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2017-2021 ACS 5-year estimates (Households for U.S. and District of Columbia); Census 2010 (Households for Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands). U.S. Federal Communications Commission 60 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 SECTION 6 CORRELATED RESULTS: DEMOGRAPHIC MEASURES Table of Contents Figure 54 County Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Income Deciles as of June 30, 2022 .................................................................................................. 62 Figure 55 County Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Density Deciles as of June 30, 2022 .................................................................................................. 63 Figure 56 County Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share of Population with a College Degree (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2022 .................................................. 64 Figure 57 County Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Average Age of Population (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2022............................................................................... 65 Figure 58 Tract Subscribership Ratios by Technology and Household Density as of June 30, 2022 .................................................................................................. 66 Figure 59 Tract Subscribership Ratios by Income and Household Density as of June 30, 2022 .................................................................................................. 67 U.S. Federal Communications Commission 61 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 46 Figure 54 County Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Income Deciles as of June 30, 2022 (Residential fixed connections at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream) Subscribership Ratio Average 0.17 0.20 0.22 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.31 0.34 0.45 Median 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.22 0.22 0.24 0.23 0.27 0.29 0.43 1.0 Max 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 Q3 Subscribership Ratio 0.4 0.3 Median 0.2 Q1 0.1 Min 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Lower Income Median Household Income by Decile Higher Income Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream for counties in the income decile. Some of the features are labeled, but note also that + denotes the position of the average residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is any data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2017-2021 ACS 5-year Estimates; Census 2010. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 62 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 47 Figure 55 County Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Density Deciles as of June 30, 2022 (Residential fixed connections at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream) Subscribership Ratio Average 0.28 0.25 0.21 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.26 0.30 0.35 0.38 Median 0.16 0.18 0.16 0.19 0.19 0.23 0.22 0.27 0.34 0.38 1.0 Max 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 Subscribership Ratio 0.4 Q3 0.3 Median 0.2 Q1 0.1 Min 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Lower Density County Household Density by Decile Higher Density Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream for counties in the density decile. Some of the features are labeled, but note also that + denotes the position of the average residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is any data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2017-2021 ACS 5-year Estimates; Census 2010. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 63 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 48 Figure 56 County Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Share of Population with a College Degree (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2022 (Residential fixed connections at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream) Subscribership Ratio Average 0.17 0.21 0.23 0.23 0.25 0.26 0.29 0.32 0.36 0.43 Median 0.13 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.25 0.28 0.33 0.41 1.0 Max 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 Q3 Subscribership Ratio 0.4 0.3 Median 0.2 Q1 0.1 0 Min 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Lower Share County Share of College Graduates by Decile Higher Share Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream for counties in the share decile. Some of the features are labeled, but note also that + denotes the position of the average residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is a data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2017-2021 ACS 5-year Estimates; Census 2010. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 64 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 49 Figure 57 County Subscribership Ratio Distributions by Average Age of Population (in Deciles) as of June 30, 2022 (Residential fixed connections at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream) Subscribership Ratio Average 0.33 0.34 0.30 0.27 0.25 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.27 Median 0.30 0.33 0.27 0.24 0.20 0.22 0.20 0.20 0.17 0.19 1.0 Max 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 Subscribership Ratio 0.4 Q3 0.3 0.2 Median 0.1 Q1 0 Min 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Lower Average Age County Average Age by Decile Higher Average Age Note: Each box plot shows the distribution of residential subscribership to connections at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream for counties in the average age decile. Some of the features are labeled, but note also that + denotes the position of the average residential subscribership ratio taken across all counties in the decile; is the minimum observation above Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1); T is the maximum observation below Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1); and is a data point beyond Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1) or Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1). Ratios greater than 1 were set to 1. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2017-2021 ACS 5-year Estimates; Census 2010. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 65 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 50 Figure 58 Tract Subscribership Ratios by Technology and Household Density as of June 30, 2022 (Residential fixed connections at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 Percentage of Residential Fixed Connections Fixed Residential of Percentage 20 10 0 Lowest Density Highest Density Copper Cable Modem Optical Carrier Satellite Fixed Wireless This chart shows subscribership ratios by technology and household density. Tracts were grouped into 100 density percentiles based on households per square mile, calculated as the ratio of estimated tract households to tract land area from the Census Bureau. For each percentile, the height of the bar represents the household-weighted average ratio of residential fixed connections at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream to households across tracts in the percentile. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2017-2021 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 66 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 51 Figure 59 Tract Subscribership Ratios by Income and Household Density as of June 30, 2022 (Residential fixed connections at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream by Tract) 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Richest Highest Density Poorest Lowest Density This chart shows subscribership ratios by household density and income quantiles. Tracts were grouped into 400 density/income quantiles based on households per square mile, calculated as the ratio of estimated tract households to tract land area, and median household income. For each quantile, the height of the grid represents the household-weighted average ratio of residential fixed connections at least 100 Mbps downstream and 20 Mbps upstream to households across tracts in the decile. Sources: FCC Form 477; 2017-2021 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 67 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 TECHNICAL NOTES General The information presented in this report is based on data from FCC Form 477 and the Broadband Data Collection (BDC). Through these data collections, facilities-based broadband providers submit information to the FCC about where they offer and have subscribers to Internet access services over 200 kilobits per second (kbps) in at least one direction. In June 2013, the Commission adopted several changes to FCC Form 477.1 Detailed information about those changes and about the FCC Form 477 reporting requirements in general is available at www.fcc.gov/form477. FCC Form 477 collects information about Internet access connections in service to end-user locations that are advertised to deliver information to and/or from the end user – that is, in at least one direction – at transfer rates (speeds) above 200 kilobits per second (kbps). Information is collected about the number of connections by the advertised speeds associated with each service to which end users have subscribed in the relevant geographic area: census tracts for fixed and states for mobile. Providers report connections by the advertised upload and download speeds, and the technology employed by the part of the connection that terminates at the end-user location. Through the BDC, the FCC collects information about the availability of Internet access services. In March 2020, Congress passed the Broadband Data Act which required the Commission to collect broadband availability data at a more granular level than what was historically reported through FCC Form 477.2 As a result, starting in June 2022, broadband availability data have been collected through the BDC while subscription data continues to be collected through FCC Form 477. To ensure consistency across the two data collections, several minor changes were made to the FCC Form 477 reporting requirements beginning with filings as of June 30, 2022. Complete reporting requirements for both, the BDC and FCC Form 477, can be found here: www.fcc.gov/BroadbandData/filers. The inaugural BDC filing window for data as of June 30, 2022 was closed on September 1, 2022. “End users” are residential, business, institutional, or government entities who use services for their own purposes and who do not resell such services to other entities. Facilities-based providers report information about connections they provide directly to their own end-user customers and also connections that they provide to Internet Service Providers for resale to end users. For the purposes of these collections, the facilities-based provider of a connection is the entity that owns the portion of the physical facility that terminates at the end-user location, obtains an unbundled network element (UNE), special access line, or other leased facility that terminates at the end-user location and provisions/equips it as a connection that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction, or provisions/equips a wireless channel that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction to the end-user location over licensed spectrum or over spectrum that the provider uses on an unlicensed basis. Beginning with data as of June 30, 2022, the ten mutually exclusive technology categories are: copper wire; coaxial cable; optical carrier; geostationary satellite; non-geostationary satellite; unlicensed terrestrial fixed wireless; licensed terrestrial fixed wireless; licensed-by-rule terrestrial fixed wireless; mobile wireless; and other (which is included to capture deployment of additional technologies over 1 Modernizing the FCC Form 477 Data Program, WC Docket No. 11-10, Report and Order, 28 FCC Rcd 9887 (2013). See also High-Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31, 2014 (March 2016) at 1-2, available at https://www.fcc.gov/reports-research/reports/internet-access-services-reports/internet-access-services- reports. 2 Broadband Deployment Accuracy and Technological Availability Act, Pub. L. No. 116-130, 134 Stat. 228 (2020) (codified at 47 U.S.C. §§ 641-646) (Broadband DATA Act or Act). U.S. Federal Communications Commission 68 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 time). Connections deployed over hybrid fiber-coax (HFC) architecture are reported in the coaxial cable category. Wireless ISPs (WISPs) report in the fixed wireless category if providing service to dispersed, fixed end-user locations and report in the mobile wireless category if providing a commercial service that can be received at any location within a service footprint. Wireless local area networks (such as Wi-Fi hotspots) that only enable local distribution and sharing of a premises connection are not included, although the shared premises connection is included. For confidentiality reasons and for ease of reporting, the report aggregates several of these categories. Geostationary Satellite and Non- Geostationary Satellite are reported as a single category: ‘Satellite’; Licensed-by-Rule Terrestrial Fixed Wireless is aggregated with Licensed Fixed Wireless; and Other is reported with Copper Wireline. Numbers of connections presented in this report are not adjusted for the number of persons at a single end-user location who have access to, or who use, the Internet access services delivered over the connection to that location. Census tracts Since the collection of data as of December 31, 2008, facilities-based providers of reportable fixed connections have been reporting connection counts at the census tract level of detail. Facilities-based mobile wireless providers report connection counts by state rather than census tract. The census tract-level data summarized in this report were collected for tracts in the 2020 decennial census. For the purposes of this report, there are 85,160 census tracts because we exclude census tracts delineated specifically to cover large bodies of water. Ratios of residential fixed connections to households that exceed 100% We estimate the share of households with fixed connections in individual census tracts by taking the ratio of the reported number of residential fixed connections to the estimated number of households. We continue to find “outlier” estimates at or above 100% and to find that the number of outliers is substantially reduced when estimates are made for individual counties rather than for individual census tracts. Possible explanations of ratios at or above 100% include: (1) geocoding misallocations of service locations to census tracts; (2) proper allocation of connections to the county level by some filers, but improper allocation of all connections to a single tract in the county; (3) possible overestimation of residential connections in service plans for which the customer base is primarily residential; and (4) connections at seasonally or occasionally occupied housing units, such as vacation homes, while the household is counted elsewhere. The numbers of households in census tracts that were used to generate the estimated ratios are themselves estimates by the United States Census Bureau, which could have an independent effect. Maps showing residential subscribership rates by census tract The two maps based on connections over 200 kbps in at least one direction per 1,000 households (that is, estimated household subscribership rates) exclude all connections identified as business connections and necessarily exclude residential mobile wireless connections (which are reported for the state but not for individual census tracts). U.S. Federal Communications Commission 69 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 GLOSSARY Term Definition aDSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line: A digital local loop typically using copper facilities and providing greater bandwidth in one direction than the other. BSL Broadband Serviceable Location: A business or residential location in the United States at which mass-market fixed broadband Internet access service is, or can be, installed. Coaxial cable A fixed wireline service which offers customers access to the Internet using coaxial cable or hybrid fiber-coaxial. Copper wire A fixed wireline service using copper wire (e.g., Asymmetric or Symmetric DSL, ethernet over copper, T-1, etc.) Fabric Broadband Serviceable Location Fabric: A dataset of all locations in the United States and its Territories where fixed broadband internet access service is or could be installed Downstream speed Speed of transmission from the Internet to the end user. End users Residential, business, institutional, or government entities who use services for their own purposes and who do not resell such services to other entities. Facilities-based provider Entity that owns the portion of the physical facility that terminates at the end-user location, obtains an unbundled network element (UNE), special access line, or other leased facility that terminates at the end-user location and provisions/equips it as a connection that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction, or provisions/equips a wireless channel that transfers information at rates over 200 kbps in at least one direction to the end-user location over licensed spectrum or over spectrum that the provider uses on an unlicensed basis. Fixed technologies All technologies other than terrestrial mobile wireless. Fixed wireless A radio communication service between specified fixed points. Geostationary satellite Fixed non-terrestrial wireless service using satellites in geostationary orbit. Internet access service Service that provides end users access to the Internet. ISPs Internet Service Providers: Companies or organizations that provide Internet access service (see above). Licensed fixed wireless Fixed terrestrial wireless service using entirely licensed spectrum (including priority access licenses in the 3.5 GHz band) or a hybrid of licensed, unlicensed, and licensed-by-rule spectrum connections to make last-mile connections to fixed locations. Licensed-by-rule fixed Fixed terrestrial wireless services using entirely licensed-by-rule wireless spectrum or a hybrid of licensed-by-rule and unlicensed spectrum to make last-mile connections to fixed locations. Mobile wireless service A radio communication service between mobile and fixed stations, or between mobile stations. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 70 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022 Mobile wireless provider Provider of mobile wireless service (see above). Non-geostationary satellite Fixed non-terrestrial wireless service using satellites in non- geostationary orbit (e.g., Low Earth Orbit or Medium Earth Orbit) Optical carrier Fixed wireline service using fiber to the home or business end user, but does not include “fiber to the curb”. Other wireline All copper-wire based technologies other than DSL technologies; Ethernet over copper and T-1 are examples. Power line Internet access service delivered over electric power transmission lines. Satellite communications A telecommunications service provided via one or more satellite relays and their associated uplinks and downlinks. sDSL Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line: DSL technology that provides equal bandwidth for both uploads and downloads. Speed tiers Sub-groupings defined by ranges of upstream speeds and downstream speeds. Units The number of residential housing units or business establishments located within a BSL. Unlicensed fixed wireless Fixed terrestrial wireless service using entirely unlicensed spectrum, including service provided over Wi-Fi as a fixed solution, to make last- mile connections to fixed locations. Upstream speed Speed of transmission from the end user to the Internet. Wi-Fi hotspot Wireless Fidelity: Generic term referring to any type of IEEE 802.11 wireless network. A hotspot is a small geographic area in which users can gain access to a Wi-Fi network which in turn connects to the Internet. Wireless service Telephone, Internet, data, and other services provided to customers through the transmission of signals over networks of radio towers. Wireless service provider Provider of wireless service (see above). WISP Wireless ISP: A company that provides end users with wireless access to the Internet, most commonly by using radio spectrum designated for unlicensed use. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 71 Internet Access Services: Status as of June 30, 2022