Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2025 Industry Analysis Division Office of Economics and Analytics May 2026 Inquiries regarding the information in this report may be addressed to OEA-IADreports@fcc.gov. Table of Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 Comparison to Local Telephone Competition Report ................................................................................... 1 Retail Voice Telephone Service Connections .................................................................................................. 2 Figure 1 Retail Voice Telephone Service Connections, 2022-2025 ........................................................ 2 Figure 2 Wireline Retail Voice Telephone Service Connections by Technology, Regulatory Status, and Customer Type as of June 30, 2025 ..................................................... 3 Retail Service Relationships ............................................................................................................................. 4 Figure 3 Interconnected VoIP Subscribership by Reported Service Features, Regulatory Status, and Customer Type as of June 30, 2025 ..................................................... 5 Figure 4 Retail Relationships of Wireline Voice Telephone Service with Internet Access Service by Regulatory Status as of June 30, 2025 ........................................... 6 Detailed Voice Telephone Services Data ........................................................................................................ 7 Table 1 Voice Subscriptions – Total for US........................................................................................... 8 Table 2 Number of Providers Reporting Voice Subscriptions – Total for US .................................... 10 Table 3 Residential Wireline Voice Telephone Service Connections and Households by State as of June 30, 2025 .................................................................................................... 12 Table 4 Mobile Voice Telephone Service Subscriptions and Population by State as of June 30, 2025 .................................................................................................... 13 Technical Notes ................................................................................................................................................ 14 Glossary ............................................................................................................................................................ 15 Materials Available on the FCC Website (https://www.fcc.gov/voice-telephone-services-report) Table 1 Voice Subscriptions – Total for US Table 2 Number of Providers Reporting Voice Subscriptions – Total for US Table 3 Residential Wireline Voice Telephone Service Connections and Households by State as of June 30, 2025 Table 4 Mobile Voice Telephone Service Subscriptions and Population by State as of June 30, 2025 Table S.1 Voice Subscriptions – State Table S.2 Number of Providers Reporting Voice Subscriptions – State Table S.3 Fixed Voice Subscriptions – County Table S.4 Voice Subscriptions – Back to 2008 Table S.5 Number of Providers Reporting Voice Subscriptions – Back to 2014 Table S.6 Crosswalk to Local Telephone Competition: Status as of December 31, 2013 report Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2025 Introduction The Commission has used FCC Form 477 to collect subscribership information from providers of voice telephone services – incumbent local exchange carriers (ILECs), competitive local exchange carriers (CLECs), and mobile voice providers – since December 1999.1 The Commission has required interconnected Voice over Internet Protocol (“interconnected VoIP”) service providers to report subscribership information since December 2008.2 Also, starting with the data reported for 2014, Form 477 has been modified to distinguish “over-the-top” (colloquially, “bring your own broadband”) interconnected VoIP subscriptions from other interconnected VoIP subscriptions.3 Comparison to Local Telephone Competition Report This report was previously titled Local Telephone Competition. Reports under the earlier title summarized Form 477 data through December 31, 2013. Reports under the current title provide much of the summarized data as supplemental spreadsheet files, available at https://www.fcc.gov/voice-telephone-services-report. A crosswalk between data elements in this report and data elements in the Local Telephone Competition report is available at that page. 1 An Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier is an entity that was providing local exchange telephone service in a particular area on February 8, 1996, the date on which the Telecommunications Act of 1996 was enacted into law. See 47 C.F.R. § 51.5. 2 The FCC’s rules (at 47 C.F.R. § 9.3) state: An interconnected Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) service is a service that: (1) Enables real-time, two-way voice communications; (2) Requires a broadband connection from the user’s location; (3) Requires Internet protocol-compatible customer premises equipment; and (4) Permits users generally to receive calls that originate on the public switched telephone network and to terminate calls to the public switched telephone network. We note that the current interpretation of element (4) of the definition excludes certain VoIP services (e.g., those offered by Skype) and subscribers to those services are not reported on Form 477. 3 The Technical Notes and the Glossary that appear at the end of this report provide more-detailed information about the current Form 477 and the meaning of terms used in this report. To be consistent with modifications to Form 477 adopted in 2013 (to be effective for reporting June 2014 and later data), this report no longer uses the terms “standalone VoIP” and “broadband bundle.” Standalone VoIP in the earlier, Local Telephone Competition, reports has a different meaning from “over-the-top” VoIP in this report. In particular, subscriptions reported as standalone VoIP for December 2013 and earlier dates included over-the-top subscriptions as defined in this report and also video-plus-VoIP service subscriptions sold by cable TV system operators and other entities that own last-mile facilities to end-user premises. We note that, accordingly, 13% of total interconnected VoIP subscriptions were categorized as standalone VoIP in December 2013 and, by contrast, 10% of total interconnected VoIP subscriptions were categorized as over-the-top VoIP in December 2014. U.S. Federal Communications Commission 1 Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2025 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2025 Retail Voice Telephone Service Connections Retail voice telephone service customers are served by two wireline technologies – end-user switched access lines and interconnected VoIP subscriptions – and by mobile wireless subscriptions.4 • In June 2025, there were 15 million end-user switched access lines in service, 63 million interconnected VoIP subscriptions, and 395 million mobile subscriptions, for a total of 473 million retail voice telephone service connections in the United States. See Figure 1. • Over the three-year period presented in Figure 1, interconnected VoIP subscriptions declined at a compound annual growth rate of 2.3%, mobile voice subscriptions increased at a compound annual growth rate of 2.5%, and retail switched access lines declined at a compound annual growth rate of 17.9% per year.5 Figure 1 Retail Voice Telephone Service Connections, 2022 – 2025 (In thousands) 500,000 450,000 400,000 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 Jun 2022 Dec 2022 Jun 2023 Dec 2023 Jun 2024 Dec 2024 Jun 2025 Mobile Voice Subscriptions 366,738 372,604 378,927 386,092 388,286 390,990 394,505 Interconnected VoIP Subscriptions 68,034 66,241 65,675 64,437 64,651 63,866 63,378 Retail Switched Access Lines 27,186 24,412 22,004 20,680 18,234 16,413 15,025 Note: Some previously published data have been revised. Source: FCC Form 477. • Of the 78 million wireline retail voice telephone service connections (including both switched access lines and interconnected VoIP subscriptions) in June 2025, 26 million (or 33%) were residential connections and 53 million (or 67%) were business connections.6 See Figure 2. 4 The presentation of mobile wireless telephone subscriber counts in this report does not constitute, or imply, Commission analysis of the extent to which wireline and mobile wireless telephone services are demand substitutes or complements in general or in any particular situation. 5 The compound annual growth rate is a smoothed rate of growth calculated in three steps. First, divide the ending value by the beginning value. Second, raise the result of that division to a power equal to one divided by the number of years in the period (in this case, 3 years, so the power is 1/3). Third, subtract the number one from the result of the second step. 2 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2025 Figure 2 Wireline Retail Voice Telephone Service Connections by Technology, Regulatory Status, And Customer Type as of June 30, 2025 (In thousands) Total Switched Access Interconnected Total Lines VoIP ILEC 12,199 5,468 17,667 Non-ILEC 2,826 57,910 60,736 Total 15,025 63,378 78,403 Residential ILEC 6,011 4,328 10,339 Non-ILEC 402 15,078 15,480 Residential Total 6,413 19,405 25,819 Business ILEC 6,187 1,140 7,328 Non-ILEC 2,425 42,832 45,256 Business Total 8,612 43,972 52,584 Notes: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. A voice-service affiliate of an ILEC that is operating outside of the ILEC’s traditional service area (“study area”) is a Non-ILEC. Source: FCC Form 477. Residential ILEC, VoIP, ILEC, Switched, 16.8 % 23.3 % Non-ILEC, Switched, 1.6 % Non-ILEC, VoIP, 58.4 % Source: FCC Form 477. Business Non-ILEC, VoIP, 81.5% Non-ILEC, Switched, 4.6% ILEC, VoIP, 2.2% ILEC, Switched, 11.8% Source: FCC Form 477. 3 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2025 • Cross-classified by technology and the retailer’s regulatory status in Figure 2, the 26 million wireline residential connections in June 2025 were: 23.3% ILEC switched access lines, 58.4% non-ILEC interconnected VoIP subscriptions, 16.8% ILEC interconnected VoIP subscriptions, and 1.6% non-ILEC switched access lines. Similarly, the 53 million wireline business connections were: 11.8% ILEC switched access lines, 81.5% non-ILEC interconnected VoIP subscriptions, 2.2% ILEC interconnected VoIP subscriptions, and 4.6% non-ILEC switched access lines. Retail Service Relationships Respondents submit two types of information about retail service relationships on the current Form 477. • Interconnected VoIP service retailers distinguish over-the-top (“OTT”) interconnected VoIP subscriptions— where the end user accesses the service using a broadband connection from an entity that is not affiliated with the VoIP service retailer—from all other interconnected VoIP subscriptions.7 See Figure 3. • Retailers of switched access lines and retailers of interconnected VoIP service distinguish between sales to end users who also purchase Internet access from them (including affiliates) and those who do not. See Figure 4. 7 A broadband connection may or may not provide the end user with internet access. 4 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2025 Figure 3 Interconnected VoIP Subscribership by Reported Service Features, Regulatory Status, and Customer Type as of June 30, 2025 (In thousands) Total Over-the-Top All Other Total (OTT) VoIP ILEC 19 5,449 5,468 Non-ILEC 27,723 30,187 57,910 Total 27,742 35,636 63,378 Residential ILEC 5 4,323 4,328 Non-ILEC 1,334 13,744 15,078 Residential Total 1,339 18,066 19,405 Business ILEC 14 1,126 1,140 Non-ILEC 26,389 16,443 42,832 Business Total 26,403 17,569 43,972 Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. Residential ILEC, All Other, 22.3% Non-ILEC, All Other, 70.8% Non-ILEC, OTT, 6.9% ILEC, OTT, 0.0% Source: FCC Form 477. Business Non-ILEC, OTT, 60.0% ILEC, All Other, 2.6% ILEC, OTT, 0.0% Non-ILEC, All Other, 37.4% Source: FCC Form 477. 5 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2025 Figure 4 Retail Relationships of Wireline Voice Telephone Service with Internet Access Service By Regulatory Status as of June 30, 2025 (In thousands) Total ILEC Non-ILEC Total Switched Access Lines 12,199 2,826 15,025 Over-the-Top VoIP 19 27,723 27,742 All Other VoIP 5,449 30,187 35,636 Total 17,667 60,736 78,403 Sold with Internet Switched Access Lines 4,781 925 5,706 Over-the-Top VoIP 0 0 0 All Other VoIP 5,296 25,242 30,538 Total 10,077 26,167 36,244 Sold Without Internet Switched Access Lines 7,418 1,901 9,319 Over-the-Top VoIP 19 27,723 27,742 All Other VoIP 153 4,945 5,098 Total 7,590 34,569 42,159 Note: Figures may not sum totals due to rounding. Source: FCC Form 477. ILEC Only Voice Sold 43.0% Switched Access Lines & Internet 27.1% VoIP & Internet 30.0% Source: FCC Form 477. Non-ILEC Only Voice Sold 56.9% Switched Access Lines & Internet 1.5% VoIP & Internet 41.6% Source: FCC Form 477. 6 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2025 Detailed Voice Telephone Services Data • Table 1 summarizes national-level voice telephone service subscription data for June and December 2024, and June 2025 for individual data elements collected by FCC Form 477. • Table 2 shows the number of entities that reported subscription data for the same time periods. • Table 3 shows residential wireline voice telephone service connections by state for June 2025. • Table 4 shows mobile voice telephone service subscriptions by state for June 2025. Tables 1, 2, 3, and 4 are available in Excel format at https://www.fcc.gov/voice-telephone-services-report. Also available at that page are: • State-level Subscriptions table in Excel format (data back to June 2024) • State-level Number of Providers table in Excel format (data back to June 2024) • County-level Subscription information in Excel format (data back to June 2014) • CSV-format file of the consistent data series that are available back to December 2008, when interconnected VoIP retailers were first required to report subscription information on Form 477. Earlier data, back to December 1999, are available in the Local Telephone Competition reports at https://www.fcc.gov/general/local-telephone-competition-reports. However, researchers using the complete data series for trend analysis should be aware of the following discontinuities in the data. • Between December 1999 and December 2004, Form 477 collected state-by-state data only from local exchange carriers with at least 10,000 end-user switched access lines in service in the state, and from facilities-based mobile voice carriers with at least 10,000 mobile voice subscriptions in service in the state. • Prior to December 2008, interconnected VoIP service retailers were not required to submit Form 477, but an unknown amount of interconnected VoIP service was included along with the switched access lines reported by some Form 477 filers. • As discussed earlier in this report, the category standalone interconnected VoIP that was reported from December 2008 to December 2013 is different (that is, includes more subscriptions) than the category over- the-top interconnected VoIP that is reported starting with the June 2014 data.8 8 See footnote 3, above. 7 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2025 Table 1. Voice Subscriptions (in Thousands) - Total for US June Dec June Reference Data element 2024 2024 2025 1 Mobile telephony 388,286 390,990 394,505 2 Directly-billed or prepaid 343,360 347,272 348,733 3 Not directly-billed or prepaid 44,926 43,718 45,771 4 Wireline End-User Switched Access Lines and Interconnected VoIP Subscriptions 82,886 80,279 78,403 5 Incumbent LECs 20,571 19,090 17,667 6 Other (Non-ILECs) - Note: ILEC voice-service affiliate operating outside ILEC's study area is included here. 62,314 61,189 60,736 7 Consumer-grade service 30,110 27,851 25,819 8 Incumbent LECs 11,991 11,220 10,339 9 Other (Non-ILECs) 18,119 16,631 15,480 10 Business & Government-grade service 52,775 52,427 52,584 11 Incumbent LECs 8,580 7,870 7,328 12 Other (Non-ILECs) 44,195 44,558 45,256 13 Local exchange telephone service (Switched Access Lines) 18,234 16,413 15,025 14 Incumbent LECs 14,651 13,321 12,199 15 Other (Non-ILECs) - Note: ILEC voice-service affiliate operating outside ILEC's study area is included here. 3,584 3,092 2,826 16 Consumer-grade service 7,703 7,020 6,413 17 Incumbent LECs 7,258 6,597 6,011 18 Other (Non-ILECs) 445 423 402 19 Business & Government-grade service 10,531 9,393 8,612 20 Incumbent LECs 7,393 6,724 6,187 21 Other (Non-ILECs) 3,138 2,669 2,425 22 Interconnected VoIP Subscriptions - Note: Includes both Over-the-top (OTT) and All Other sub-categories. 64,651 63,866 63,378 23 Incumbent LECs 5,921 5,769 5,468 24 Other (Non-ILECs) - Note: ILEC voice-service affiliate operating outside ILEC's study area is included here. 58,731 58,097 57,910 25 Consumer-grade service 22,407 20,831 19,405 26 Incumbent LECs 4,733 4,623 4,328 27 Other (Non-ILECs) 17,674 16,208 15,078 28 Business & Government-grade service 42,244 43,035 43,972 29 Incumbent LECs 1,187 1,146 1,140 30 Other (Non-ILECs) 41,057 41,889 42,832 31 Over-the-top interconnected VoIP 25,391 26,480 27,742 32 Incumbent LECs 20 20 19 33 Other (Non-ILECs) - Note: ILEC voice-service affiliate operating outside ILEC's study area is included here. 25,371 26,460 27,723 34 Consumer-grade service 1,387 1,378 1,339 35 Incumbent LECs 665 36 Other (Non-ILECs) 1,381 1,372 1,334 37 Business & Government-grade service 24,004 25,103 26,403 38 Incumbent LECs 14 14 14 39 Other (Non-ILECs) 23,990 25,089 26,389 40 All Other interconnected VoIP 39,260 37,386 35,636 41 Incumbent LECs 5,901 5,749 5,449 42 Other (Non-ILECs) - Note: ILEC voice-service affiliate operating outside ILEC's study area is included here. 33,360 31,637 30,187 43 Consumer-grade service 21,020 19,454 18,066 44 Incumbent LECs 4,727 4,617 4,323 45 Other (Non-ILECs) 16,293 14,836 13,744 46 Business & Government-grade service 18,240 17,932 17,569 47 Incumbent LECs 1,174 1,132 1,126 48 Other (Non-ILECs) 17,067 16,800 16,443 49 Local exchange telephone service by last-mile delivery medium 18,234 16,413 15,025 50 Fiber-to-the-premises 3,575 3,666 3,486 51 Incumbent LECs 2,606 2,644 2,524 52 Other (Non-ILECs) 970 1,021 962 8 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2025 Table 1. Voice Subscriptions (in Thousands) - Total for US June Dec June Reference Data element 2024 2024 2025 53 Coaxial cable 404 233 224 54 Incumbent LECs 38 43 45 55 Other (Non-ILECs) 367 191 179 56 Terrestrial fixed wireless 45 11 20 57 Incumbent LECs 847 58 Other (Non-ILECs) 36 7 13 59 Copper local loop 14,210 12,502 11,295 60 Incumbent LECs 11,999 10,630 9,622 61 Other (Non-ILECs) 2,211 1,873 1,672 62 All Other interconnected VoIP by last-mile delivery medium 39,260 37,386 35,636 63 Fiber-to-the-premises 8,381 8,255 8,339 64 Incumbent LECs 3,654 3,662 3,496 65 Other (Non-ILECs) 4,727 4,593 4,843 66 Coaxial cable 20,806 19,179 17,711 67 Incumbent LECs 876 68 Other (Non-ILECs) 20,798 19,172 17,705 69 Terrestrial fixed wireless or satellite 173 163 151 70 Incumbent LECs 000 71 Other (Non-ILECs) 172 163 151 72 Copper local loop 9,901 9,788 9,434 73 Incumbent LECs 2,238 2,079 1,946 74 Other (Non-ILECs) 7,663 7,709 7,488 75 Non-Incumbent LEC local exchange telephone service by means of provisioning 3,584 3,092 2,826 76 Provided over owned last-mile facilities 1,690 1,460 1,365 77 Provided over UNE-L obtained from unaffiliated entity 264 210 198 78 Provided over other services obtained from unaffiliated entity 1,629 1,422 1,263 79 Incumbent LEC local exchange telephone service provided to unaffiliated carriers for resale 1,802 826 1,391 80 Wholesale lines 1,529 740 1,176 81 UNE-L 273 87 215 82 Local exchange telephone service and long-distance service 18,234 16,413 15,025 83 Consumer-grade service 7,703 7,020 6,413 84 Incumbent LEC is preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 4,827 4,462 3,510 85 Incumbent LEC is not preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 2,430 2,135 2,501 86 Non-ILEC is preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 350 357 347 87 Non-ILEC is not preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 95 66 55 88 Business & Government-grade service 10,531 9,393 8,612 89 Incumbent LEC is preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 4,014 2,737 2,277 90 Incumbent LEC is not preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 3,379 3,987 3,910 91 Non-ILEC is preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 2,310 1,990 1,827 92 Non-ILEC is not preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 829 679 598 93 End user buys local exchange telephone service and Internet access service from same entity 6,689 6,150 5,706 94 End user buys both services from incumbent LEC or affiliates 5,559 5,175 4,781 95 End user buys both services from Non-ILEC or affiliates 1,130 974 925 96 End user buys interconnected VoIP and Internet access service from same entity 34,655 32,840 30,538 97 End user buys both services from incumbent LEC or affiliates 5,771 5,610 5,296 98 End user buys both services from Non-ILEC or affiliates 28,884 27,230 25,242 9 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2025 Table 2. Number of Providers Reporting Voice Subscriptions - Total for US June Dec June Reference Data element 2024 2024 2025 1 Mobile telephony 53 53 52 2 Directly-billed or prepaid 50 50 50 3 Not directly-billed or prepaid 81110 4 Wireline End-User Switched Access Lines and Interconnected VoIP Subscriptions 2,337 2,361 2,373 5 Incumbent LECs 694 685 678 6 Other (Non-ILECs) - Note: ILEC voice-service affiliate operating outside ILEC's study area is included here. 1,991 2,027 2,049 7 Consumer-grade service 1,256 1,245 1,226 8 Incumbent LECs 693 684 677 9 Other (Non-ILECs) 900 903 893 10 Business & Government-grade service 2,281 2,297 2,308 11 Incumbent LECs 690 681 674 12 Other (Non-ILECs) 1,935 1,964 1,984 13 Local exchange telephone service (Switched Access Lines) 857 835 823 14 Incumbent LECs 682 673 666 15 Other (Non-ILECs) - Note: ILEC voice-service affiliate operating outside ILEC's study area is included here. 431 421 414 16 Consumer-grade service 778 761 751 17 Incumbent LECs 682 673 666 18 Other (Non-ILECs) 344 337 329 19 Business & Government-grade service 848 823 814 20 Incumbent LECs 679 670 663 21 Other (Non-ILECs) 419 408 404 22 Interconnected VoIP Subscriptions - Note: Includes both Over-the-top (OTT) and All Other sub-categories. 1,906 1,949 1,975 23 Incumbent LECs 215 219 227 24 Other (Non-ILECs) - Note: ILEC voice-service affiliate operating outside ILEC's study area is included here. 1,820 1,867 1,889 25 Consumer-grade service 750 762 761 26 Incumbent LECs 134 141 145 27 Other (Non-ILECs) 681 694 692 28 Business & Government-grade service 1,849 1,883 1,909 29 Incumbent LECs 204 210 220 30 Other (Non-ILECs) 1,769 1,806 1,827 31 Over-the-top interconnected VoIP 1,375 1,402 1,420 32 Incumbent LECs 38 37 39 33 Other (Non-ILECs) - Note: ILEC voice-service affiliate operating outside ILEC's study area is included here. 1,358 1,385 1,402 34 Consumer-grade service 235 216 207 35 Incumbent LECs 18 15 15 36 Other (Non-ILECs) 224 208 199 37 Business & Government-grade service 1,340 1,371 1,385 38 Incumbent LECs 35 34 36 39 Other (Non-ILECs) 1,325 1,356 1,369 40 All Other interconnected VoIP 772 778 779 41 Incumbent LECs 197 205 213 42 Other (Non-ILECs) - Note: ILEC voice-service affiliate operating outside ILEC's study area is included here. 688 697 696 43 Consumer-grade service 588 610 620 44 Incumbent LECs 121 131 135 45 Other (Non-ILECs) 521 542 553 46 Business & Government-grade service 739 737 740 47 Incumbent LECs 188 198 208 48 Other (Non-ILECs) 658 658 658 49 Local exchange telephone service by last-mile delivery medium 857 835 823 50 Fiber-to-the-premises 722 722 722 51 Incumbent LECs 631 627 628 52 Other (Non-ILECs) 329 337 340 10 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2025 Table 2. Number of Providers Reporting Voice Subscriptions - Total for US June Dec June Reference Data element 2024 2024 2025 53 Coaxial cable 75 66 69 54 Incumbent LECs 22 25 29 55 Other (Non-ILECs) 65 52 54 56 Terrestrial fixed wireless 68 70 67 57 Incumbent LECs 42 46 41 58 Other (Non-ILECs) 38 35 40 59 Copper local loop 535 500 469 60 Incumbent LECs 405 388 363 61 Other (Non-ILECs) 220 208 189 62 All Other interconnected VoIP by last-mile delivery medium 772 778 779 63 Fiber-to-the-premises 643 649 664 64 Incumbent LECs 186 194 207 65 Other (Non-ILECs) 563 571 582 66 Coaxial cable 155 147 139 67 Incumbent LECs 9911 68 Other (Non-ILECs) 150 143 134 69 Terrestrial fixed wireless or satellite 230 228 221 70 Incumbent LECs 11 13 16 71 Other (Non-ILECs) 221 217 209 72 Copper local loop 154 142 141 73 Incumbent LECs 58 56 54 74 Other (Non-ILECs) 114 107 107 75 Non-Incumbent LEC local exchange telephone service by means of provisioning 431 421 414 76 Provided over owned last-mile facilities 346 344 343 77 Provided over UNE-L obtained from unaffiliated entity 64 54 49 78 Provided over other services obtained from unaffiliated entity 121 112 104 79 Incumbent LEC local exchange telephone service provided to unaffiliated carriers for resale 35 30 29 80 Wholesale lines 33 26 26 81 UNE-L 12 11 12 82 Local exchange telephone service and long-distance service 857 835 823 83 Consumer-grade service 778 761 751 84 Incumbent LEC is preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 637 628 623 85 Incumbent LEC is not preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 616 608 594 86 Non-ILEC is preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 322 309 306 87 Non-ILEC is not preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 242 246 232 88 Business & Government-grade service 848 823 814 89 Incumbent LEC is preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 633 625 620 90 Incumbent LEC is not preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 598 594 585 91 Non-ILEC is preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 378 365 359 92 Non-ILEC is not preferred long-distance carrier for its local exchange service customer 288 288 281 93 End user buys local exchange telephone service and Internet access service from same entity 786 782 771 94 End user buys both services from incumbent LEC or affiliates 670 666 656 95 End user buys both services from Non-ILEC or affiliates 358 365 360 96 End user buys interconnected VoIP and Internet access service from same entity 732 742 738 97 End user buys both services from incumbent LEC or affiliates 187 194 197 98 End user buys both services from Non-ILEC or affiliates 648 663 659 11 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2025 Table 3: Residential Wireline Voice Telephone Service Connections and Households by State as of June 30, 2025 (Connections and households, in thousands) Switched Access Interconnected VoIP Total State Households Connections Ratio Connections Ratio Connections Ratio Alabama 1,997 83 0.04 227 0.11 310 0.16 Alaska 271 * * * * 47 0.17 American Samoa 10 7 0.72 - * 7 0.72 Arizona 2,856 103 0.04 259 0.09 362 0.13 Arkansas 1,206 62 0.05 78 0.06 139 0.12 California 13,548 489 0.04 2,199 0.16 2,689 0.20 Colorado 2,374 141 0.06 281 0.12 421 0.18 Connecticut 1,434 55 0.04 394 0.27 448 0.31 Delaware 402 12 0.03 118 0.29 130 0.32 District of Columbia 324 9 0.03 48 0.15 57 0.18 Florida 8,753 177 0.02 1,208 0.14 1,385 0.16 Georgia 4,074 223 0.05 449 0.11 672 0.16 Guam 42 * * * * 12 0.29 Hawaii 492 50 0.10 83 0.17 133 0.27 Idaho 713 55 0.08 28 0.04 82 0.12 Illinois 5,036 171 0.03 589 0.12 761 0.15 Indiana 2,716 115 0.04 261 0.10 375 0.14 Iowa 1,316 148 0.11 80 0.06 228 0.17 Kansas 1,174 52 0.04 98 0.08 150 0.13 Kentucky 1,814 173 0.10 182 0.10 355 0.20 Louisiana 1,805 53 0.03 179 0.10 232 0.13 Maine 597 59 0.10 108 0.18 167 0.28 Maryland 2,363 93 0.04 564 0.24 657 0.28 Massachusetts 2,785 98 0.04 792 0.28 891 0.32 Michigan 4,076 140 0.03 575 0.14 715 0.18 Minnesota 2,308 231 0.10 222 0.10 453 0.20 Mississippi 1,145 38 0.03 91 0.08 128 0.11 Missouri 2,508 106 0.04 264 0.11 370 0.15 Montana 459 51 0.11 56 0.12 107 0.23 Nebraska 798 79 0.10 60 0.08 139 0.17 Nevada 1,203 40 0.03 137 0.11 177 0.15 New Hampshire 556 40 0.07 134 0.24 174 0.31 New Jersey 3,508 97 0.03 1,082 0.31 1,179 0.34 New Mexico 837 82 0.10 80 0.10 162 0.19 New York 7,723 288 0.04 2,199 0.28 2,488 0.32 North Carolina 4,282 220 0.05 620 0.14 839 0.20 North Dakota 331 40 0.12 23 0.07 63 0.19 Northern Mariana Islands 16 5 0.31 * * * * Ohio 4,863 276 0.06 670 0.14 946 0.19 Oklahoma 1,562 67 0.04 103 0.07 170 0.11 Oregon 1,718 103 0.06 223 0.13 326 0.19 Pennsylvania 5,275 342 0.06 1,134 0.21 1,476 0.28 Puerto Rico 1,291 * * * * * * Rhode Island 442 15 0.03 93 0.21 108 0.24 South Carolina 2,118 136 0.06 248 0.12 384 0.18 South Dakota 366 48 0.13 24 0.07 72 0.20 Tennessee 2,824 156 0.06 277 0.10 433 0.15 Texas 10,993 295 0.03 950 0.09 1,245 0.11 Utah 1,125 48 0.04 89 0.08 137 0.12 Vermont 273 52 0.19 50 0.18 102 0.37 Virgin Islands 30 * * * * 7 0.24 Virginia 3,366 172 0.05 603 0.18 776 0.23 Washington 3,065 171 0.06 407 0.13 578 0.19 West Virginia 729 87 0.12 137 0.19 224 0.31 Wisconsin 2,479 190 0.08 337 0.14 527 0.21 Wyoming 243 24 0.10 21 0.09 45 0.18 United States 130,616 6,413 0.05 19,405 0.15 25,819 0.20 - = Rounds to Zero; * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Notes: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Total fixed voice connections equal the sum of switched access lines and interconnected VoIP subscriptions. Source: FCC Form 477; 2020-2024 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010. 12 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2025 Table 4: Mobile Voice Telephone Service Subscriptions and Population by State as of June 30, 2025 (Connections and population, in thousands) Directly Billed Not Directly Billed Total State Population Subscriptions Ratio Subscriptions Ratio Subscriptions Ratio Alabama 5,087 5,052 0.99 544 0.11 5,596 1.10 Alaska 736 762 1.04 32 0.04 794 1.08 American Samoa 56 * * * * * * Arizona 7,379 7,716 1.05 601 0.08 8,317 1.13 Arkansas 3,049 3,046 1.00 219 0.07 3,265 1.07 California 39,287 43,481 1.11 6,163 0.16 49,645 1.26 Colorado 5,862 5,876 1.00 847 0.14 6,723 1.15 Connecticut 3,625 3,882 1.07 474 0.13 4,356 1.20 Delaware 1,021 1,065 1.04 146 0.14 1,211 1.19 District of Columbia 681 1,541 2.26 164 0.24 1,705 2.50 Florida 22,416 23,480 1.05 3,095 0.14 26,575 1.19 Georgia 10,940 11,539 1.05 1,291 0.12 12,830 1.17 Guam 159 142 0.89 49 0.31 190 1.19 Hawaii 1,445 1,511 1.05 235 0.16 1,746 1.21 Idaho 1,934 1,932 1.00 137 0.07 2,068 1.07 Illinois 12,695 13,510 1.06 1,716 0.14 15,226 1.20 Indiana 6,851 6,486 0.95 917 0.13 7,403 1.08 Iowa 3,211 3,290 1.02 174 0.05 3,464 1.08 Kansas 2,947 2,978 1.01 222 0.08 3,200 1.09 Kentucky 4,535 4,157 0.92 661 0.15 4,817 1.06 Louisiana 4,612 4,647 1.01 565 0.12 5,211 1.13 Maine 1,388 1,259 0.91 210 0.15 1,469 1.06 Maryland 6,206 6,545 1.05 766 0.12 7,311 1.18 Massachusetts 7,044 7,392 1.05 1,013 0.14 8,406 1.19 Michigan 10,078 9,670 0.96 1,707 0.17 11,377 1.13 Minnesota 5,739 5,853 1.02 667 0.12 6,520 1.14 Mississippi 2,947 2,765 0.94 221 0.07 2,985 1.01 Missouri 6,192 6,001 0.97 730 0.12 6,732 1.09 Montana 1,117 1,095 0.98 135 0.12 1,229 1.10 Nebraska 1,979 2,064 1.04 195 0.10 2,258 1.14 Nevada 3,185 3,298 1.04 351 0.11 3,649 1.15 New Hampshire 1,395 1,339 0.96 223 0.16 1,562 1.12 New Jersey 9,344 10,487 1.12 1,154 0.12 11,642 1.25 New Mexico 2,120 2,184 1.03 205 0.10 2,389 1.13 New York 19,852 21,957 1.11 3,680 0.19 25,638 1.29 North Carolina 10,730 10,199 0.95 1,689 0.16 11,888 1.11 North Dakota 785 883 1.13 41 0.05 924 1.18 Northern Mariana Islands 54 * * * * * * Ohio 11,810 11,590 0.98 2,032 0.17 13,622 1.15 Oklahoma 4,029 3,858 0.96 382 0.09 4,240 1.05 Oregon 4,254 4,160 0.98 616 0.14 4,776 1.12 Pennsylvania 13,019 13,293 1.02 1,813 0.14 15,105 1.16 Puerto Rico 3,234 2,086 0.64 1,106 0.34 3,192 0.99 Rhode Island 1,102 1,119 1.02 104 0.09 1,224 1.11 South Carolina 5,296 5,025 0.95 657 0.12 5,681 1.07 South Dakota 907 944 1.04 63 0.07 1,007 1.11 Tennessee 7,066 7,191 1.02 844 0.12 8,035 1.14 Texas 30,188 31,914 1.06 3,238 0.11 35,152 1.16 Utah 3,392 3,280 0.97 388 0.11 3,668 1.08 Vermont 647 545 0.84 104 0.16 649 1.00 Virgin Islands 106 * * * * * * Virginia 8,705 9,160 1.05 911 0.10 10,072 1.16 Washington 7,816 7,783 1.00 1,085 0.14 8,868 1.13 West Virginia 1,778 1,526 0.86 211 0.12 1,737 0.98 Wisconsin 5,915 5,390 0.91 892 0.15 6,282 1.06 Wyoming 582 617 1.06 70 0.12 688 1.18 United States 338,532 348,733 1.03 45,771 0.14 394,505 1.17 - = Rounds to Zero; * = Data withheld to maintain firm confidentiality. Notes: Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Directly billed subscriptions are those where the customer is directly billed by the facilities-based provider. Total mobile voice subscriptions equal the sum of subscriptions that are directly billed and those that are not. Source: FCC Form 477; 2020-2024 ACS 5-year estimates; and Census 2010. 13 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2025 Technical Notes Detailed information about the current Form 477 reporting requirements is available at https://www.fcc.gov/general/form-477-resources-filers. Counting lines and subscribers • Form 477 counts both switched access lines and interconnected VoIP subscriptions as the maximum number of calls that may be active, simultaneously, from the end user’s location under the purchased service plan. All VoIP subscriptions discussed in this report are interconnected VoIP subscriptions. • Form 477 data may not count all VoIP phone connections to Internet Protocol Private Branch Exchange (IP PBX) equipment that is owned by business end users because of the variety of ways the IP PBX may connect to the public switched telephone network. Holding company-subsidiary relationships • When counting service providers that report voice telephone service in a particular geography, we count a holding company or common-control entity no more than once in any specified sub-category of total providers. • Nationwide counts of providers are unique counts for any specified sub-category of total providers (for example, all non-ILECs or all interconnected VoIP providers); an entity operating in multiple states is counted only once. ILEC-CLEC affiliations • If a CLEC is affiliated with an ILEC and reports some end-user switched access lines or interconnected VoIP subscriptions in the ILEC’s service area in the state, then the switched access lines or interconnected VoIP subscriptions reported by the CLEC are allocated between the ILEC and non-ILEC categories based on staff estimates. Mobile voice subscriptions • Commercial mobile radio service carriers that own or operate wireless networks report both their retail voice service subscriptions and the retail subscriptions of the mobile voice service resellers that use their network. Mobile voice service resellers do not file Form 477. • Providers may assign subscriptions to a particular state based on the area code of the device’s telephone number, or by using some other method that best reflects the subscriber’s location, such as a billing address of the device’s place of primary use address. UNE-Platform lines replaced by commercial agreements • UNE-Platform (UNE-P) was the combination of ILEC loop UNE, switching UNE, and transport UNE. The Commission directed CLECs to migrate their retail customers served by UNE-P to an alternative arrangement within 12 months of the effective date of the Triennial Review Remand Order, that is, by March 11, 2006. See C.F.R. § 51.319(d)(2)(ii). Such lines are reported on Form 477 as ILEC wholesale lines provided to unaffiliated providers for resale. 14 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2025 Glossary Term Definition All Other interconnected Interconnected VoIP service other than OTT interconnected VoIP. (See VoIP the definition of OTT VoIP, below.) Broadband connection A wired line or wireless channel that terminates at an end-user location and enables the end user to receive information from and/or send information to the Internet at information transfer rates exceeding 200 kilobits per second in at least one direction. Circuit switching A method of completing electronic communications in which a transmission path is established for dedicated use by a communication; the basis of the public switched telephone network. Coaxial cable The technology widely used by cable system operators to terminate their services at the end user’s premises. Copper local loop The technology widely used by telephone companies to terminate their service at the end user’s premises. CLEC Competitive Local Exchange Carrier: A local exchange carrier (LEC) that operates within the traditional service area of an unaffiliated incumbent LEC. End users Residential, business, institutional, or government entities that use services for their own purposes and who do not resell such services to other entities. Fixed wireless service A radio communication service between specified fixed points. FTTP or FTTH Fiber to the Premises (Home): A network access architecture in which optical fiber is deployed all the way to the customer’s premises (home). Internet access service Service that provides end users access to the Internet. ILEC Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier: A company or cooperative that was providing telephone service in a localized area, typically on a monopoly basis, prior to enactment of the Telecommunications Act of 1996. Internet protocol or IP A language and set of formal rules that govern how packets transit the Internet. Interconnected VoIP A service that enables real-time, two-way voice communications; requires a broadband connection from the user’s location; requires Internet- protocol compatible customer premises equipment; and permits users generally to receive calls that originate on the public switched telephone network and to terminate calls to the public switched telephone network. LEC Local Exchange Carrier: A company that provides telephone service within a localized area and access services that connect its customers to long-distance (Interexchange Carrier) networks. Local loop The physical connection between the customer’s premises and the telephone company’s local switching office, typically provided using copper, fiber, or a combination of copper and fiber facilities. Mobile wireless service A radio communication service between mobile and fixed stations, or between mobile stations. 15 U.S. Federal Communications Commission Voice Telephone Services: Status as of June 30, 2025 Non-ILEC Any provider of communications services who does not have ILEC regulatory status. A voice-service affiliate of an ILEC that is operating outside the ILEC’s traditional service area (“study area”) is a Non-ILEC. OTT interconnected VoIP Over-the-top interconnected VoIP: Service delivered to the end-user customer’s premises over a high-capacity connection that the customer obtains (that is, buys), or has the use of, from an entity not affiliated with the interconnected VoIP service provider. (Colloquially, “bring-your- own-broadband.”) PBX Private Branch Exchange: A communications switch that is owned or leased by the service provider’s end-user customer and generally located on the customer’s premises. Packet switching A method of completing electronic communications in which the information is disassembled into discrete packets that are transmitted independently and later reassembled; IP is an example. Retail wireline voice Switched access lines and interconnected VoIP subscriptions for which an telephone service end user is the customer. Switched access line A service connection between an end user and the local telephone company’s switch; the basis of plain old telephone service (POTS). UNE Unbundled Network Element: A physical or functional element of an ILEC network that must be provided to a CLEC at a cost-based price, as provide for in the Telecommunications Act of 1996. UNE-L UNE-Loop: An ILEC unbundled local loop provided to a CLEC at a cost-based price. Wholesale switched access Local telephone service provided to an unaffiliated telephone company, lines which resells the service to end users; typically provided by an ILEC to a CLEC. 16